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Hlebokazov F, Dakukina T, Potapnev M, Kosmacheva S, Moroz L, Misiuk N, Golubeva T, Slobina E, Krasko O, Shakhbazau A, Hlavinski I, Goncharova N. Clinical benefits of single vs repeated courses of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in epilepsy patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106736. [PMID: 34119901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epilepsy is defined as "drug-resistant" when existing anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are found to have minimal to no effect on patient's condition. Therefore the search and testing of new treatment strategies is warranted. This study focuses on the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in drug-resistant epilepsy patients within a Phase I/II open-label registered clinical trial NCT02497443. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 67 patients was included (29 males, 38 females, mean age 33 ± 1.3 yo). The patients received either standard treatment with AEDs, or AEDs supplemented with one or two courses of therapy with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded in vitro. MSC therapy courses were 6 months apart, and each course consisted of two cell injections: an intravenous infusion of MSCs, followed within 1 week by an intrathecal injection. Primary outcome of the study was safety, secondary outcome was efficacy in terms of seizure frequency reduction and response to treatment. RESULTS MSC injections proved safe and did not cause any severe side effects. In MSC group (n = 34), 61.7% patients responded to therapy at 6 months timepoint (p < 0.01 vs control, n = 33), and the number rose to 76.5% by 12 months timepoint. Decrease in anxiety and depression scores and paroxysmal epileptiform activity was observed in MSC group based on HADS and EEG, respectively, and MMSE score has also improved. Another observation was that concomitant administration of levetiracetam, but not other AEDs, correlated significantly with the success of MSC therapy. Second course of MSC therapy facilitated further reduction in seizure count and epileptiform EEG activity (p < 0.05 vs single course). CONCLUSIONS Application of autologous mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy demonstrated significant anticonvulsant potential. This effect lasted for at least 1 year, with repeated administration of MSCs conveying additional clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Hlebokazov
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatiana Dakukina
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Michael Potapnev
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusion and Medical Biotechnology, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Svetlana Kosmacheva
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusion and Medical Biotechnology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Lubov Moroz
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusion and Medical Biotechnology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nikolai Misiuk
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Slobina
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olga Krasko
- United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Ivan Hlavinski
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia Goncharova
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Transfusion and Medical Biotechnology, Minsk, Belarus
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Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Resto O, Inyushin M, Khmelinskii I, Makarov V. Electron microscopy study of the central retinal fovea in Pied flycatcher: evidence of a mechanism of light energy transmission through the retina. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04146. [PMID: 32566783 PMCID: PMC7298408 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present unique ultrastructural data on avian retinal cells. Presently and earlier (Zueva et al., 2016) we explored distribution of intermediate filaments (IFs) in retinal cells of the Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, Passeriformes, Aves) in the central foveolar zone. This retinal zone only contains single and double cone photoreceptors. Previously we found that continuous IFs span Müller cells (MC) lengthwise from the retinal inner limiting membrane (ILM) layer up to the outer limiting membrane (OLM) layer. Here we describe long cylindrical bundles of IFs (IFBs) inside the cone inner segments (CIS) adjoining the cone plasma membrane, with these IFBs following along the cone lengthwise, and surrounding the cone at equal spacing one from the other. Double cones form a combined unit, wherein they are separated by their respective plasma membranes. Double cones thus have a common external ring of IFBs, surrounding both cone components. In the layer of cilia, the IFBs that continue into the cone outer segment (COS) follow on to the cone apical tip along the direction of incident light, with single IFs separating from the IFB, touching, and sometimes passing in-between the light-sensitive lamellae of the COS. These new data support our previous hypothesis on the quantum mechanism of light energy propagation through the vertebrate retina (Zueva et al., 2016, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zueva
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223, St-Petersburg, Russia
- Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oscar Resto
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
| | | | - Igor Khmelinskii
- University of the Algarve, FCT, DQF and CEOT, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
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Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Resto O, Inyushin M, Khmelinskii I, Makarov V. Quantum mechanism of light energy propagation through an avian retina. J Photochem Photobiol B 2019; 197:111543. [PMID: 31279896 PMCID: PMC6711473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account the ultrastructure of the Pied Flycatcher foveal retina reported earlier and the earlier reported properties of Müller cell (MC) intermediate filaments (IFs) isolated from vertebrate retina, we proposed a quantum mechanism (QM) of light energy transfer from the inner limiting membrane level to visual pigments in the photoreceptor cells. This mechanism involves electronic excitation energy transfer in a donor-acceptor system, with the IFs excited by photons acting as energy donors, and visual pigments in the photoreceptor cells acting as energy acceptors. It was shown earlier that IFs with diameter 10 nm and length 117 μm isolated from vertebrate eye retina demonstrate properties of light energy guide, where exciton propagates along such IFs from MC endfeet area to photoreceptor cell area. The energy is mostly transferred via the contact exchange quantum mechanism. Our estimates demonstrate that energy transfer efficiencies in such systems may exceed 80-90%. Thus, the presently developed quantum mechanism of light energy transfer in the inverted retina complements the generally accepted classic optical mechanism and the mechanism whereby Müller cells transmit light like optical fibers. The proposed QM of light energy transfer in the inverted retina explains the high image contrast achieved in photopic conditions by an avian eye, being probably also active in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zueva
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 St-Petersburg, Russia; Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova st., 5a, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oscar Resto
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
| | | | - Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQB and CEOT, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA.
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Khmelinskii I, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Inyushin M, Zueva L, Makarov V. Spectral selectivity model for light transmission by the intermediate filaments in Müller cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 173:282-290. [PMID: 28623820 PMCID: PMC5642305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Presently we continue our studies of the quantum mechanism of light energy transmission in the form of excitons by axisymmetric nanostructures with electrically conductive walls. Using our theoretical model, we analyzed the light energy transmission by biopolymers forming optical channels within retinal Müller cells. There are specialized intermediate filaments (IF) 10-18nm in diameter, built of electrically conductive polypeptides. Presently, we analyzed the spectral selectivity of these nanostructures. We found that their transmission spectrum depends on their diameter and wall thickness. We also considered the classical approach, comparing the results with those predicted by the quantum mechanism. We performed experimental measurements on model quantum waveguides, made of rectangular nanometer-thick chromium (Cr) tracks. The optical spectrum of such waveguides varied with their thickness. We compared the experimental absorption/transmission spectra with those predicted by our model, with good agreement between the two. We report that the observed spectra may be explained by the same mechanisms as operating in metal nanolayers. Both the models and the experiment show that Cr nanotracks have high light transmission efficiency in a narrow spectral range, with the spectral maximum dependent on the layer thickness. Therefore, a set of intermediate filaments with different geometries may provide light transmission over the entire visible spectrum with a very high (~90%) efficiency. Thus, we believe that high contrast and visual resolution in daylight are provided by the quantum mechanism of energy transfer in the form of excitons, whereas the ultimate retinal sensitivity of the night vision is provided by the classical mechanism of photons transmitted by the Müller cell light-guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQF and CIQA, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova st., 5a, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lidia Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA.
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Makarov V, Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Khmelinskii I, Inyushin M. Quantum mechanism of light transmission by the intermediate filaments in some specialized optically transparent cells. Neurophotonics 2017; 4:011005. [PMID: 27570792 PMCID: PMC4985621 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Some very transparent cells in the optical tract of vertebrates, such as the lens fiber cells, possess certain types of specialized intermediate filaments (IFs) that have essential significance for their transparency. The exact mechanism describing why the IFs are so important for transparency is unknown. Recently, transparency was described also in the retinal Müller cells (MCs). We report that the main processes of the MCs contain bundles of long specialized IFs, each about 10 nm in diameter; most likely, these filaments are the channels providing light transmission to the photoreceptor cells in mammalian and avian retinas. We interpret the transmission of light in such channels using the notions of quantum confinement, describing energy transport in structures with electroconductive walls and diameter much smaller than the wavelength of the respective photons. Model calculations produce photon transmission efficiency in such channels exceeding 0.8, in optimized geometry. We infer that protein molecules make up the channels, proposing a qualitative mechanism of light transmission by such structures. The developed model may be used to describe light transmission by the IFs in any transparent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Physics, Rio Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan 00931-3343, Puerto Rico
| | - Lidia Zueva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Butlerova Street 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, Centro de Investigação em Química do Algarve (CIQA), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bayamón 00960-6032, Puerto Rico
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Makarov V, Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Khmelinskii I, Inyushin M. Errata: Quantum mechanism of light transmission by the intermediate filaments in some specialized optically transparent cells. Neurophotonics 2017; 4:019801. [PMID: 27660802 PMCID: PMC5020596 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.019801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.NPh.4.1.011005.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico , Department of Physics, Rio Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan 00931-3343, Puerto Rico
| | - Lidia Zueva
- Russian Academy of Sciences , Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov State University , Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Russian Academy of Sciences , Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Butlerova Street 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve , Centro de Investigação em Química do Algarve (CIQA), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bayamón 00960-6032, Puerto Rico
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Zueva L, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Makarov V, Khmelinskii I, Inyushin M. Foveolar Müller Cells of the Pied Flycatcher: Morphology and Distribution of Intermediate Filaments Regarding Cell Transparency. Microsc Microanal 2016; 22:379-386. [PMID: 26926795 PMCID: PMC4940978 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specialized intermediate filaments (IFs) have critical importance for the clearness and uncommon transparency of vertebrate lens fiber cells, although the physical mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Recently, an unusual low-scattering light transport was also described in retinal Müller cells. Exploring the function of IFs in Müller cells, we have studied the morphology and distribution pattern of IFs and other cytoskeletal filaments inside the Müller cell main processes in the foveolar part of the avian (pied flycatcher) retina. We found that some IFs surrounded by globular nanoparticles (that we suggest are crystallines) are present in almost every part of the Müller cells that span the retina, including the microvilli. Unlike IFs implicated in the mechanical architecture of the cell, these IFs are not connected to any specific cellular membranes. Instead, they are organized into bundles, passing inside the cell from the endfeet to the photoreceptor, following the geometry of the processes, and repeatedly circumventing numerous obstacles. We believe that the presently reported data effectively confirm that the model of nanooptical channels built of the IFs may provide a viable explanation of Müller cell transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St-Petersburg, Russia,
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, 119992, Moscow, Russia,
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Physics, San Juan, PR 00931, USA,
| | - Igor Khmelinskii
- University of the Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Faro 8005-139, Algarve, Portugal,
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Central University of the Caribbean, Department of Physiology, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA,
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Zueva L, Makarov V, Zayas-Santiago A, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Savvinov A, Eaton M, Skatchkov S, Inyushin M. Müller Cell Alignment in Bird Fovea: Possible Role in Vision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:85-91. [DOI: 10.1166/jnsne.2014.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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