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Anjum NF, Shanmugarajan D, Prashantha Kumar BR, Faizan S, Durai P, Raju RM, Javid S, Purohit MN. Novel Derivatives of Eugenol as a New Class of PPARγ Agonists in Treating Inflammation: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093899. [PMID: 37175309 PMCID: PMC10180488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to develop novel compounds from readily accessed natural products especially eugenol with potential biological activity. Eugenol, the principal chemical constituent of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) from the family Myrtaceae is renowned for its pharmacological properties, which include analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to reports, PPARγ regulates inflammatory reactions. The synthesized compounds were structurally analyzed using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Molecular docking was performed to analyze binding free energy and important amino acids involved in the interaction between synthesized derivatives and the target protein. The development of the structure-activity relationship is based on computational studies. Additionally, the stability of the best-docked protein-ligand complexes was assessed using molecular dynamic modeling. The in-vitro PPARγ competitive binding Lanthascreen TR-FRET assay was used to confirm the affinity of compounds to the target protein. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using an albumin denaturation assay and HRBC membrane stabilization at varying concentrations from 6.25 to 400 µM. In this background, with the aid of computational research, we were able to design six novel derivatives of eugenol synthesized, analyzed, and utilized TR-FRET competitive binding assay to screen them for their ability to bind PPARγ. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation through in vitro albumin denaturation and HRBC method revealed that 1f exhibits maximum inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation at 50% and 85% protection against HRBC lysis at 200 and 400 µM, respectively. Overall, we found novel derivatives of eugenol that could potentially reduce inflammation by PPARγ agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fathima Anjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Priya Durai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Ruby Mariam Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Saleem Javid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Madhusudan N Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
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De Anda-Cuéllar CE, Ruíz-Rodríguez S, Ortiz-Magdaleno M, Escobar-García DM, Pozos-Guillén A. Effect of 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) in the expression of genes involved in cellular cycle and apoptotic process in dental pulp fibroblasts. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:321-327. [PMID: 34843422 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2009027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the effect of eugenol on the cell morphology and expression of genes involved in the apoptotic process in human dental pulp fibroblasts (hDPFs) from deciduous teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS hDPFs were cultured with 4 concentrations of eugenol (0.06 nM, 0.6 nM, 6 nM, 12 nM) and compared with a control group. After a 72 h incubation period, the cytotoxic effect on cell morphology by optical microscopy and gene expression by RT-PCR were evaluated. RESULTS At 0.06 nM and 0.6 nM eugenol concentrations, vacuolisation of the cytoplasm was observed with atypical granulation of the hDPFs, and, at 6 nM and 12 nM cytoplasmic extensions disappeared almost completely. Casp-3, Casp-9, and telomerase genes were not expressed at the concentrations evaluated nor in the control group. The relative expression responses of Bcl-2 and TGF-β genes were overexpressed at the 4 concentrations. MAKP's 0.06 nM (p < .001), 0.6 nM (p < .05) and 12 nM (p < .05) and Cyclin 1 at 12 nM showed significant difference versus the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION Eugenol is capable of causing morphological changes in hDPFs in a dose-dependent manner, higher concentrations may promote overexpression of apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Socorro Ruíz-Rodríguez
- Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marine Ortiz-Magdaleno
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Study on the Mechanism of Acori Graminei Rhizoma in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:5418142. [PMID: 34977242 PMCID: PMC8720003 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5418142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. This study explored the curative effect and possible mechanism of Acori graminei rhizoma on Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, 8 active components of Acori graminei rhizoma were collected by consulting literature and using the TCMSP database, and 272 targets were screened using the PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Introduce it into the software of Cytoscape 3.7.2 and establish the graph of "drug-active ingredient-ingredient target." A total of 276 AD targets were obtained from OMIM, Gene Cards, and DisGeNET databases. Import the intersection targets of drugs and diseases into STRING database for enrichment analysis, and build PPI network in the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, whose core targets involve APP, AMPK, NOS3, etc. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed that there were 195 GO items and 30 AD-related pathways, including Alzheimer's disease pathway, serotonin synapse, estrogen signaling pathway, dopaminergic synapse, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to verify the binding ability between Acori graminei rhizoma and core genes. Our results predict that Acori graminei rhizoma can treat AD mainly by mediating Alzheimer's signal pathway, thus reducing the production of Aβ, inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, regulating neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of kinase to change the function of the receptor.
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Makuch E, Nowak A, Günther A, Pełech R, Kucharski Ł, Duchnik W, Klimowicz A. The Effect of Cream and Gel Vehicles on the Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Retention of a New Eugenol Derivative With Antioxidant Activity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658381. [PMID: 34248621 PMCID: PMC8267472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cream and gel vehicles containing clove water on skin permeability was compared for a new eugenol derivative (eugenyl dichloroacetate-EDChA) with antioxidant activity. In vitro permeation experiments were conducted in a Franz cell with porcine skin. The cumulative mass and skin accumulation of EDChA were investigated and compared. The antioxidative capacity of the studied vehicles was determined by using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical reduction method. The antioxidant activity (evaluated with DPPH, ABTS, and the Folin-Ciocalteu methods) of the fluid that penetrated through the pig skin and of the fluid obtained after the skin extraction, were also determined. For comparison, eugenol was also tested. The results of this work could contribute to the development of vehicles with antioxidant potential estimated after 24 h of conducting the experiment, which indicates long-term protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the deeper layers of the skin. The waste water from the clove buds steam distillation -contains several valuable biologically active compounds, and its use is environmentally friendly. We observed that gel vehicles were the best enhancer of skin permeation for both eugenol and its derivative. In most cases, -similar cumulative masses of eugenol and its ester were found in the acceptor fluid. The accumulation of EDChA was higher for cream vehicles in relation to the parent eugenol when applied onto the skin. The greatest amounts of eugenol were accumulated in the skin when these compounds were used in gel vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Makuch
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Günther
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Pełech
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Kim GR, Kim EN, Park KJ, Kim KH, Jeong GS. Inhibitory Effect of LGS and ODE Isolated from the Twigs of Syringa oblata subsp. dilatata on RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Macrophage Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061779. [PMID: 33810014 PMCID: PMC8004897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis, of which excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts can cause osteoporosis and various bone diseases. However, current osteoporosis treatments have many side effects, and research on new treatments that can replace these treatments is ongoing. Therefore, in this study, the roles of ligustroside (LGS) and oleoside dimethylester (ODE), a natural product-derived compound isolated from Syringa oblata subsp. dilatata as a novel, natural product-derived osteoporosis treatments were investigated. In the results of this study, LGS and ODE inhibited the differentiation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts without cytotoxicity, and down-regulated the activity of TRAP, a specific biomarker of osteoclasts. In addition, it inhibited bone resorption and actin ring formation, which are important functions and features of osteoclasts. Also, the effects of LGS and ODE on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways that play important roles in osteoclast differentiation were evaluated. In the results, LGS and ODE downregulated the phosphorylation of RANKL-induced MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR proteins in a concentration-dependent manner, translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was inhibited. As a result, the compounds LGS and ODE isolated from S. oblate subsp. dilatata effectively regulated the differentiation of RANKL-induced osteoclasts and inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility of LGS and ODE as new natural product treatments for bone diseases caused by excessive osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
| | - Kyoung Jin Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.K.); (G.-S.J.)
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Simfia I, Schiavi J, McNamara LM. Alterations in osteocyte mediated osteoclastogenesis during estrogen deficiency and under ROCK-II inhibition: An in vitro study using a novel postmenopausal multicellular niche model. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112005. [PMID: 32330507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to derive an enhanced understanding of the complex intracellular interactions that drive bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. We applied an in-vitro multicellular niche to recapitulate cell-cell signalling between osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts to investigate (1) how estrogen-deficient and mechanically loaded osteocytes regulate osteoclastogenesis and (2) whether ROCK-II inhibition affects these mechanobiological responses. We report that mechanically stimulated and estrogen-deficient osteocytes upregulated RANKL/OPG and M-CSF gene expression, when compared to those treated with 10 nM estradiol. Osteoclast precursors (RAW 264.7) cultured within this niche underwent significant reduction in osteoclastogenic gene expression (CTSK), and there was an increasing trend in the area covered by TRAP+ osteoclasts (24% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.06). Most interestingly, upon treatment with the ROCK-II inhibitor, RANKL/OPG and M-CSF gene expression by estrogen-deficient osteocytes were downregulated. Yet, this inhibition of the pro-osteoclastogenic factors by osteocytes did not ultimately reduce the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. Indeed, TRAP and CTSK gene expressions in osteoclast precursors were upregulated, and there was an increased trend for osteoclast area (30.4% vs. 24%, p = 0.07), which may have been influenced by static osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) that were included in the niche. We conclude that ROCK-II inhibition can attenuate bone loss driven by osteocytes during estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Simfia
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Schiavi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Biomechanics Research Centre, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Eugenol prevents fMLF-induced superoxide anion production in human neutrophils by inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling pathway and p47phox phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18540. [PMID: 31811262 PMCID: PMC6898361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is a polyphenol extracted from Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. It is known to have anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective properties as well as a potent anti-oxidant activity due the presence of its phenolic group. In this study, we examined the effects of eugenol on neutrophil superoxide production, a key process involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Superoxide anion generationin human neutrophils was measured by cytochrome c reduction assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the phosphorylation of, p47phox, MAPKinases (p38 and ERK1/2), MEK1/2 and Raf, key proteins involved in the activation of NADPH oxidase. Pretreatment of neutrophils by increasing concentrations (2.5 µg/mL–20 µg/mL) of eugenol for 30 min, inhibited significantly (p < 0.001) superoxide anion generation induced by the chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) with an IC50 of 5 µg/mL. Phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated O2− production was affected only at the highest eugenol concentration (20 µg/mL). Results showed that eugenol decreased the phosphorylation of p47phox onSer-345 and Ser-328, the translocation of p47phox to the membranesand the phosphorylation of Raf, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that eugenol inhibits the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils via the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2/p47phox-phosphorylation pathway.
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Kim EN, Kim YG, Lee JH, Min BS, Jeong GS. 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2948-2959. [PMID: 31478281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The balance between the osteoblasts and the osteoclasts is important for the maintenance of the skeleton of the human body. The osteoclasts absorb bone after differentiated into polymorphonuclear cells by the fusion of monocytes/macrophages. We have found that 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone (THF), a compound from the heartwood of Dalbergia Odorifera inhibits receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophage. THF significantly inhibited the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase signaling pathway without affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and AKT signaling. Moreover, THF inhibited the expression of c-Fos, nuclear factor-activated T cells cytoplasm 1, cathepsin K, and c-src by RANKL. We used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss model in mice. Consequently, bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular number's reduction was recovered in THF-treated mice, and trabecular separation's augmentation was also attenuated by THF administration. In summary, THF inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by MAPK signaling pathway and inhibits bone resorption by destroying the actin ring in mature osteoclasts. THF also prevented LPS-induced bone loss in a mice model. Thus, THF may be useful in the treatment of bone diseases associated with excessive osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Li M, Li F, Wang T, Zhao L, Shi Y. Fabrication of carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel containing β-cyclodextrin–eugenol inclusion complexes for promoting diabetic wound healing. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:851-863. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219873254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Shin JY, Che DN, Cho BO, Kang HJ, Kim J, Jang SI. Commiphora myrrha inhibits itch-associated histamine and IL-31 production in stimulated mast cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1914-1920. [PMID: 31410154 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh) is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which are utilized for the treatment of oral ulcers, gingivitis, sinusitis, glomerulonephritis, brucellosis and a variety of skin disorders. The current study aimed to assess whether myrrh modulates itch-associated interleukin (IL)-31 cytokine production and histamine release in stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). To realize this, molecular biology techniques including real-time quantitiative PCR, western blotting and ELISA were employed. The results indicated that Myrrh successfully suppressed phorbol myristate acetate and calcium ionophore-stimulated mRNA expression, and reduced the production of IL-31 in HMC-1 cells. In addition, myrrh served as a suppressor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and NF-κB activation, indicating its mechanism in the prevention of HMC-1 cell IL-31 production. Myrrh also prevented the release of histamine in HMC-1 cells. Whilst the present study awaits in vivo support, the pharmacological actions of myrrh provide new indications as to its potential applicability for itch treatment, which cannot be treated with histamine receptor blockers alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Shin
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 55069, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ok Cho
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 55069, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, ATO Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, ATO Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 55069, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, ATO Q&A Co., Ltd., Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54840, Republic of Korea
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Shao S, Fu F, Wang Z, Song F, Li C, Wu ZX, Ding J, Li K, Xiao Y, Su Y, Lin X, Yuan G, Zhao J, Liu Q, Xu J. Diosmetin inhibits osteoclast formation and differentiation and prevents LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12701-12713. [PMID: 30515812 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteolytic bone diseases are closely linked to the over-activation of osteoclasts and enhancement of bone resorption. It has become a major health issue in orthopedic practice worldwide. Inhibition of osteoclasts is proposed to be the main treatment for osteolytic disorders. Diosmetin (DIO) is a natural flavonoid with properties of antioxidant, anti-infection, and antishock. The effect of DIO on osteoclast differentiation is poorly understood. In this study project, we found that DIO could inhibit osteoclastic formation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of the osteoclast differentiation marker genes, cathepsin K, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), Acp5, Ctr, Atp6v0d2, and Mmp9 were also decreased by the treatment of DIO. In addition, DIO attenuated the formation of actin ring and the ability of bone resorption. Further, the western blotting showed that DIO inhibits the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway induced by RANKL, accompanied by the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-Fos expression. We also found that DIO could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by RANKL. In vivo, the study revealed that DIO can significantly reduce LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. Collectively, our study shows that DIO can inhibit osteoclast formation and activation, and could serve as a potential therapeutic drug for osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Shao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fangsheng Fu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fangming Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuo-Xing Wu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxing Ding
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiji Su
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Activation of PPARs Modulates Signalling Pathways and Expression of Regulatory Genes in Osteoclasts Derived from Human CD14+ Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071798. [PMID: 30979019 PMCID: PMC6479901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the sole bone resorbing cell in the body and their over activity is key in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoclastogenesis is mediated by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) signalling pathways. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by targeting RANKL signalling. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors, with three known isoforms (PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ), that are known to bind UFAs and are expressed in osteoclasts. In this study, we aimed to determine how different families of UFAs activate PPARs and how PPAR activation influences osteoclast signalling. Human CD14+ monocytes were seeded into cluster plates with RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the presence of PPAR agonists or different types of UFAs. All the PPAR agonists were shown to upregulate the activity of their respective receptors. Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased PPAR-α to a greater extent than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), which favoured PPAR-β/δ activation. All PPAR agonists inhibited osteoclastogenesis. The activation of RANKL signalling pathways and expression of key osteoclast genes were downregulated by PPAR agonists. This study reveals that PPAR activation can inhibit osteoclastogenesis through modulation of RANKL signalling.
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Cui Z, Liu Z, Zeng J, Chen L, Wu Q, Mo J, Zhang G, Song L, Xu W, Zhang S, Guo X. Eugenol inhibits non‐small cell lung cancer by repressing expression of NF‐κB‐regulated TRIM59. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1562-1569. [PMID: 30932261 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Cui
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Junxiang Zeng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of PathologyXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentKongJiang Hospital, YangPu District Shanghai China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- Clinical Medical DepartmentZheJiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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14
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Kasonga AE, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Free fatty acid receptor 4-β-arrestin 2 pathway mediates the effects of different classes of unsaturated fatty acids in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Karelia D, Gilhooley PJ, Shakibaei M, Aggarwal BB. Dietary nutraceuticals as backbone for bone health. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1633-1648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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An Overview on the Anti-inflammatory Potential and Antioxidant Profile of Eugenol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3957262. [PMID: 30425782 PMCID: PMC6217746 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3957262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive compounds found in foods and medicinal plants are attractive molecules for the development of new drugs with action against several diseases, such as those associated with inflammatory processes, which are commonly related to oxidative stress. Many of these compounds have an appreciable inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and may contribute in a preventive way to improve the quality of life through the use of a diet rich in these compounds. Eugenol is a natural compound that has several pharmacological activities, action on the redox status, and applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Considering the importance of this compound, the present review discusses its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, demonstrating its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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17
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Liu SY, Huang CH, Shieh JC, Lee TL. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira ethanol extracts prevents human liver-derived HepG2 cell death from oxidation stress by induction of ghrelin gene expression. J Biosci 2018; 42:439-448. [PMID: 29358557 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes patients associated with liver disease carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Cinnamon has been reported to reduce fructose-induced oxidative stress in the rat liver. However, the mechanism by which cinnamon protects the liver in a high-saccharide environment remains to be investigated. HepG2 cells were cultured with 30 mM D-ribose to mimic the high-oxidative-stress environment, typical of a liver in a diabetic patient. Three different chemical types of C. osmophloeum ethanol extracts (CEEs) were added in HepG2 culture media and the administration of all three CEEs protected HepG2 cells from D-ribose damage and increased cell survival by approximately 20 percent. Exclusively, the transcript variant 1 of the ghrelin gene, but not variant 3, was 2-3 times induced by the addition of these CEEs. Moreover, the mRNAs of ghrelin processing enzyme, furin, and mboat4 were detected in HepG2 cells. The ghrelin hormones in the culture media were increased 4-9 times by the addition of CEEs. The protective effects of ghrelin on HepG2 cells in D-ribose environment were further confirmed by recombinant ghrelin transfection. We conclude that the CEEs induce ghrelin gene expression and protect HepG2 cells from D-ribose-induced oxidative damage through ghrelin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Liu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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18
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A novel approach for correction of crosstalk effects in pathway analysis and its application in osteoporosis research. Sci Rep 2018; 8:668. [PMID: 29330445 PMCID: PMC5766601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolic disease and peripheral blood monocytes represent a major systemic cell type for bone metabolism. To identify the key dysfunctional pathways in osteoporosis, we performed pathway analyses on microarray data of monocytes from subjects with extremely high/low hip bone mineral density. We first performed a traditional pathway analysis for which different pathways were treated as independent. However, genes overlap among pathways will lead to “crosstalk” phenomenon, which may lead to false positive/negative results. Therefore, we applied correction techniques including a novel approach that considers the correlation among genes to adjust the crosstalk effects in the analysis. In traditional analysis, 10 pathways were found to be significantly associated with BMD variation. After correction for crosstalk effects, three of them remained significant. Moreover, the MAPK signaling pathway, which has been shown to be important for osteoclastogenesis, became significant only after the correction for crosstalk effects. We also identified a new module mainly consisting of genes present in mitochondria to be significant. In summary, we describe a novel method to correct the crosstalk effect in pathway analysis and found five key independent pathways involved in BMD regulation, which may provide a better understanding of biological functional networks in osteoporosis.
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19
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Moosa S, Kasonga AE, Deepak V, Marais S, Magoshi IB, Bester MJ, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Rooibos tea extracts inhibit osteoclast formation and activity through the attenuation of NF-κB activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Food Funct 2018; 9:3301-3312. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fermented rooibos extract has more potent inhibitory effect on osteoclasts than unfermented rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaakirah Moosa
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Abe E. Kasonga
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | - Sumari Marais
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
| | | | - Megan J. Bester
- Department of Anatomy
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- South Africa
- Associate of the Institute for Food
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition
- Massey Institute for Food Science and Technology
- Massey University
- New Zealand
- Associate of the Institute for Food
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Pretoria
- Arcadia 0007
- South Africa
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20
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Abuohashish HM, Khairy DA, Abdelsalam MM, Alsayyah A, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. In-vivo assessment of the osteo-protective effects of eugenol in alveolar bone tissues. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1303-1310. [PMID: 29156519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency following menopausal provokes alveolar bone loss, remodeling and inflammation. Eugenol is a phenolic compound with wide dental applications and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the potential protective role of eugenol against alveolar bone deformities was investigated in an ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model. Two doses of eugenol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d) were administered to OVX animals for 12 weeks. In Serum, markers of bone metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines were estimated using ELISA. Alveolar bone morphometry was analyzed using high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT). Bone histological analysis (H&E stain) was also performed. Alveolar bone expression of osteoclastogenesis modulating factors, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (RANKL) and inflammatory mediators, were measured using immunohistochemistry. Eugenol failed to correct elevated body weights and uterine atrophy in OVX rats. The significant elevation of bone metabolic markers and inflammatory cytokines in OVX animals were markedly improved by eugenol treatment, particularly the higher dose. Eugenol treatment considerably attenuated morphometric trabecular alterations of the alveolar bone and improved alveolar resorption and gingival infiltration. Alveolar bone of OVX animals showed augmented expression of RANKL, OPG and inflammatory cytokines, which were corrected by eugenol treatment. Alveolar bone loss and remodeling associated with estrogen insufficiency was ameliorated by eugenol owing to its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting an extra dental impact for eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina A Khairy
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Islam SS, Al-Sharif I, Sultan A, Al-Mazrou A, Remmal A, Aboussekhra A. Eugenol potentiates cisplatin anti-cancer activity through inhibition of ALDH-positive breast cancer stem cells and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:333-346. [PMID: 29073729 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast tumors are very aggressive and contain relatively high proportion of cancer stem cells, and are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin. To overcome these limitations, we combined eugenol, a natural polyphenolic molecule, with cisplatin to normalize cisplatin mediated toxicity and potential drug resistance. Interestingly, the combination treatment provided significantly greater cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects as compared to treatment with eugenol or cisplatin alone on several triple-negative breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adding eugenol to cisplatin potentiated the inhibition of breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting ALDH enzyme activity and ALDH-positive tumor initiating cells. We provide also clear evidence that eugenol potentiates cisplatin inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Indeed, the binding of NF-κB to its cognate binding sites present in the promoters of IL-6 and IL-8 was dramatically reduced, which led to potent down-regulation of the IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines upon combination treatment relative to the single agents. Similar effects were observed on proliferation, inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness markers in tumor xenografts. These results provide strong preclinical justification for combining cisplatin with eugenol as therapeutic approach for triple-negative breast cancers through targeting the resistant ALDH-positive cells and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Islam
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtehaj Al-Sharif
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Sultan
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amer Al-Mazrou
- Stem Cell Therapy Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnane Remmal
- Faculté des Sciences Fès, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Atlas, Fès, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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van Heerden B, Kasonga A, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Palmitoleic Acid Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signalling Pathways. Nutrients 2017; 9:E441. [PMID: 28452958 PMCID: PMC5452171 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for the breakdown or resorption of bone during bone remodelling. Studies have shown that certain fatty acids (FAs) can increase bone formation, reduce bone loss, and influence total bone mass. Palmitoleic acid (PLA) is a 16-carbon, monounsaturated FA that has shown anti-inflammatory properties similar to other FAs. The effects of PLA in bone remain unexplored. Here we investigated the effects of PLA on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. PLA decreased the number of large, multinucleated tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclasts and furthermore, suppressed the osteolytic capability of these osteoclasts. This was accompanied by a decrease in expression of resorption markers (Trap, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), cathepsin K (Ctsk)). PLA further decreased the expression of genes involved in the formation and function of osteoclasts. Additionally, PLA inhibited NF-κB activity and the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, PLA induced apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. This study reveals that PLA inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 murine macrophages through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. This may indicate that PLA has potential as a therapeutic for bone diseases characterized by excessive osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abe Kasonga
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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23
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Deepak V, Wang B, Koot D, Kasonga A, Stander XX, Coetzee M, Stander A. In silico design and bioevaluation of selective benzotriazepine BRD4 inhibitors with potent antiosteoclastogenic activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:97-111. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | | | - Dwayne Koot
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Abe Kasonga
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Xiao Xing Stander
- Department of General Surgery; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
- Institute for Food; Nutrition and Well-being; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
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24
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Geraniol attenuates osteoclast differentiation by suppressingNF-kB activity and expression of osteoclastogenic genes. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Rantlha M, Sagar T, Kruger MC, Coetzee M, Deepak V. Ellagic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:79-87. [PMID: 27384064 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone undergoes continuous remodeling by a coupled action between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. During osteoporosis, osteoclast activity is often elevated leading to increased bone destruction. Hence, osteoclasts are deemed as potential therapeutic targets to alleviate bone loss. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on osteoclast formation and function have not yet been examined. Here, we explored the effects of EA on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 murine macrophages (in vitro) and human CD14+monocytes (ex vivo). EA dose-dependently attenuated RANKL-induced TRAP+ osteoclast formation in osteoclast progenitors with maximal inhibition seen at 1 µM concentration without cytotoxicity. Moreover, owing to perturbed osteoclastogenesis, EA disrupted actin ring formation and bone resorptive function of osteoclasts. Analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that EA suppressed the phosphorylation and activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathway which subsequently impaired the RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. Taken together, these novel results indicate that EA alleviates osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the p38 signaling pathway downstream of RANKL and exerts inhibitory effects on bone resorption and actin ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Rantlha
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Travers Sagar
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
- Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
- Biomechanics Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Abstract
The active components in cloves are eugenol and isoeugenol. Eugenol has recently become a focus of interest because of its potential role in alleviating and preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, inflammatory reactions, and other conditions. The radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of eugenol have been shown to modulate chronic diseases in vitro and in vivo, but in humans, the therapeutic use of eugenol still remains to be explored. Based on a review of the recent literature, the antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities of eugenol and its related compounds are discussed in relation to experimentally determined antioxidant activity (stoichiometric factor n and inhibition rate constant) and theoretical parameters [phenolic O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP according to Koopman's theorem), and electrophilicity (ω)], calculated using a density functional theory method. Dimers of eugenol and its related compounds showed large antioxidant activities and high ω values and also exerted efficient anti-inflammatory activities. Eugenol appears to possess multiple antioxidant activities (dimerization, recycling, and chelating effect) in one molecule, thus having the potential to alleviate and prevent chronic diseases.
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27
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Deepak V, Kruger MC, Joubert A, Coetzee M. Piperine alleviates osteoclast formation through the p38/c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling axis. Biofactors 2015; 41:403-13. [PMID: 26627060 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Increased bone fracture is one of the health risk factors in patients with bone loss related disorders such as osteoporosis and breast cancer metastasis to bone. Over activity of osteoclasts leads to uncoupling of bone remodeling favoring bone loss over bone formation. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) triggers the differentiation pathway leading to multinucleated osteoclast formation. Modulation of RANKL or its downstream signaling pathways involved in osteoclast formation is of significant interest in the development of anti-resorptive agents. In this study, the effects of piperine, an alkaloid present in Piper nigrum L. on osteoclast formation was investigated. Piperine inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclast formation in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and human CD14+ monocytes induced by RANKL and breast cancer cells. Piperine attenuated the p38-mitogen activated protein kinase pathway activation, while the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or NF-κβ pathways downstream of RANKL remained unaffected. Concomitantly, expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the key transcription factors involved in osteoclastogenesis were remarkably inhibited by piperine. Furthermore, piperine disrupted the actin ring structure and bone resorption, a characteristic hallmark of osteoclasts. Collectively, these results suggested that piperine inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the p38/NFATc1/c-Fos signaling axis..
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annie Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-Being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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28
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Commercial Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) Tea Extract Inhibits Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages-An in vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13779-93. [PMID: 26516894 PMCID: PMC4661614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybush tea, a sweet tasting caffeine-free tea that is indigenous to South Africa, is rich in bioactive compounds that may have beneficial health effects. Bone remodeling is a physiological process that involves the synthesis of bone matrix by osteoblasts and resorption of bone by osteoclasts. When resorption exceeds formation, bone remodeling can be disrupted resulting in bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from hematopoietic precursors of monocytic lineage. These precursors fuse and differentiate into mature osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), produced by osteoblasts. In this study, the in vitro effects of an aqueous extract of fermented honeybush tea were examined on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. We found that commercial honeybush tea extract inhibited osteoclast formation and TRAP activity which was accompanied by reduced bone resorption and disruption of characteristic cytoskeletal elements of mature osteoclasts without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, honeybush tea extract decreased expression of key osteoclast specific genes, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K. This study demonstrates for the first time that honeybush tea may have potential anti-osteoclastogenic effects and therefore should be further explored for its beneficial effects on bone.
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Kasonga AE, Deepak V, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid suppress osteoclast formation and activity in human CD14+ monocytes, in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125145. [PMID: 25867515 PMCID: PMC4395026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An unbalanced diet can have adverse effects on health. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) have been the focus of research owing to their necessity of inclusion in a healthy diet. However, the effects of LCPUFAs on human osteoclast formation and function have not been explored before. A human CD14+ monocyte differentiation model was used to elucidate the effects of an ω-3 LCPUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and an ω-6 LCPUFA, arachidonic acid (AA), on osteoclast formation and activity. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and stimulated with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand to generate osteoclasts. Data from this study revealed that both the LCPUFAs decreased osteoclast formation potential of CD14+ monocytes in a dose-dependent manner when treated at an early stage of differentiation. Moreover, when exposed at a late stage of osteoclast differentiation AA and DHA impaired the bone resorptive potential of mature osteoclasts without affecting osteoclast numbers. AA and DHA abrogated vitronectin receptor expression in differentiating as well as mature osteoclasts. In contrast, the degree of inhibition for calcitonin receptor expression varied between the LCPUFAs with only AA causing inhibition during osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, AA and DHA down regulated the expression of key osteoclast-specific genes in differentiating as well as mature osteoclasts. This study demonstrates for the first time that LCPUFAs can modulate osteoclast formation and function in a human primary osteoclast cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abe E. Kasonga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition and Associate of the Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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