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Allegra A, Mirabile G, Caserta S, Stagno F, Russo S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Balance between ROS-Mediated Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38671909 PMCID: PMC11047441 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The balanced reciprocal translocation t (9; 22) (q34; q11) and the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produce p210 bcr-abl protein production with high tyrosine kinase activity, are characteristics of chronic myeloid leukemia, a myeloproliferative neoplasm. This aberrant protein affects several signaling pathways connected to both apoptosis and cell proliferation. It has been demonstrated that tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia acts by inducing oxidative stress and, depending on its level, can activate signaling pathways responsible for either apoptosis or survival in leukemic cells. Additionally, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation also mediate apoptosis through genomic activation. Furthermore, it was shown that oxidative stress has a role in both BCR-ABL-independent and BCR-ABL-dependent resistance pathways to tyrosine kinases, while patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were found to have a significantly reduced antioxidant level. The ideal environment for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is produced by a favorable oxidative status. We discuss the latest studies that aim to manipulate the redox system to alter the apoptosis of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
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RAGE Inhibitors for Targeted Therapy of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010266. [PMID: 36613714 PMCID: PMC9820344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed in the lung, and its expression increases proportionally at the site of inflammation. This receptor can bind a variety of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, adhesion molecules, complement components, advanced lipoxidation end products, lipopolysaccharides, and other molecules that mediate cellular responses related to acute and chronic inflammation. RAGE serves as an important node for the initiation and stimulation of cell stress and growth signaling mechanisms that promote carcinogenesis, tumor propagation, and metastatic potential. In this review, we discuss different aspects of RAGE and its prominent ligands implicated in cancer pathogenesis and describe current findings that provide insights into the significant role played by RAGE in cancer. Cancer development can be hindered by inhibiting the interaction of RAGE with its ligands, and this could provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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Critical Role of Aquaporins in Cancer: Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174182. [PMID: 36077720 PMCID: PMC9455074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaporins are proteins able to regulate the transfer of water and other small substances such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide across cellular membranes. AQPs provide for a huge variety of physiological phenomena; their alteration provokes several types of pathologies including cancer and hematological malignancies. Our review presents data revealing the possibility of employing aquaporins as biomarkers in patients with hematological malignancies and evaluates the possibility that interfering with the expression of aquaporins could represent an effective treatment for hematological malignancies. Abstract Aquaporins are transmembrane molecules regulating the transfer of water and other compounds such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. Their alteration has been reported in several conditions such as cancer. Tumor progression might be enhanced by aquaporins in modifying tumor angiogenesis, cell volume adaptation, proteases activity, cell–matrix adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, and acting on several signaling pathways facilitating cancer progression. Close connections have also been identified between the aquaporins and hematological malignancies. However, it is difficult to identify a unique action exerted by aquaporins in different hemopathies, and each aquaporin has specific effects that vary according to the class of aquaporin examined and to the different neoplastic cells. However, the expression of aquaporins is altered in cell cultures and in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in lymphoproliferative diseases and in multiple myeloma, and the different expression of aquaporins seems to be able to influence the efficacy of treatment and could have a prognostic significance, as greater expression of aquaporins is correlated to improved overall survival in leukemia patients. Finally, we assessed the possibility that modifying the aquaporin expression using aquaporin-targeting regulators, specific monoclonal antibodies, and even aquaporin gene transfer could represent an effective therapy of hematological malignancies.
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Targeting Redox Regulation as a Therapeutic Opportunity against Acute Leukemia: Pro-Oxidant Strategy or Antioxidant Approach? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091696. [PMID: 36139768 PMCID: PMC9495346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox adaptation is essential for human health, as the physiological quantities of non-radical reactive oxygen species operate as the main second messengers to regulate normal redox reactions by controlling several sensors. An abnormal increase reactive oxygen species, called oxidative stress, induces biological injury. For this reason, variations in oxidative stress continue to receive consideration as a possible approach to treat leukemic diseases. However, the intricacy of redox reactions and their effects might be a relevant obstacle; consequently, and alongside approaches aimed at increasing oxidative stress in neoplastic cells, antioxidant strategies have also been suggested for the same purpose. The present review focuses on the molecular processes of anomalous oxidative stress in acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias as well as on the oxidative stress-determined pathways implicated in leukemogenic development. Furthermore, we review the effect of chemotherapies on oxidative stress and the possibility that their pharmacological effects might be increased by modifying the intracellular redox equilibrium through a pro-oxidant approach or an antioxidant strategy. Finally, we evaluated the prospect of varying oxidative stress as an efficacious modality to destroy chemoresistant cells using new methodologies. Altering redox conditions may be advantageous for inhibiting genomic variability and the eradication of leukemic clones will promote the treatment of leukemic disease.
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Health Promoting Effect of Phyllanthus emblica and Azadiractha indica against Advanced Glycation End Products Formation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is linked with inflammation, diabetic complications, and advanced glycation end products formation. Intake of flavonoid-rich foods has been reported to have a beneficial effect on human health. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic potential of Phyllanthusemblica and Azadiractha indica against glycation and other oxidative stress-induced complications such as inflammation using in vitro study. Ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit pulp and dried leaf of Azadiractha indica were prepared to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-glycating potentials. In a DPPH assay, the EC50 value of extract of P. emblica and A. indica was found to be 1532.36 ± 0.17 and 1380.61 ± 0.27 µg/mL, respectively. The FRAP value of P. emblica and A. indica extract was 86.6 and 32.12 µg ascorbic acid/100 mg dry weight of the extract. The maximum percentage of H2O2 scavenging activity was 71.30% and 67.38%, respectively. Extracts of P. emblica and A. indica showed maximum inhibition of heat-induced BSA denaturation by 62.42% and 53.00%, heat-induced denaturation of egg albumin, by 50.84%% and 44.31%, and heat-induced hemolysis by 54.44% and 50.21%. Both extracts (600 µg/mL) significantly reduced the browning, structural changes, aggregation, and AGEs formation. Our biophysical studies confirmed the AGEs formation was inhibiting the potential of extracts. Thus, our findings confirm that these extracts are a rich source of antioxidants and may be utilized to prevent the oxidative stress-induced destruction of biomolecules, glycation, and in the therapy of a variety of health problems, including inflammation. Further, a combination of extracts of P. emblica and A. indica may be extremely useful in preventing and treating health problems.
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Irrera N, Bitto A, Sant’Antonio E, Lauro R, Musolino C, Allegra A. Pros and Cons of the Cannabinoid System in Cancer: Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133866. [PMID: 34202812 PMCID: PMC8270322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a composite cell-signaling system that allows endogenous cannabinoid ligands to control cell functions through the interaction with cannabinoid receptors. Modifications of the ECS might contribute to the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancers. However, the use of these compounds as antitumor agents remains debatable. Pre-clinical experimental studies have shown that cannabinoids (CBs) might be effective for the treatment of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Specifically, CBs may activate programmed cell death mechanisms, thus blocking cancer cell growth, and may modulate both autophagy and angiogenesis. Therefore, CBs may have significant anti-tumor effects in hematologic diseases and may synergistically act with chemotherapeutic agents, possibly also reducing chemoresistance. Moreover, targeting ECS might be considered as a novel approach for the management of graft versus host disease, thus reducing some symptoms such as anorexia, cachexia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and neuropathic pain. The aim of the present review is to collect the state of the art of CBs effects on hematological tumors, thus focusing on the essential topics that might be useful before moving into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | | | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390902212364
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Antiproliferative Effects of St. John's Wort, Its Derivatives, and Other Hypericum Species in Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010146. [PMID: 33375664 PMCID: PMC7795730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum is a widely present plant, and extracts of its leaves, flowers, and aerial elements have been employed for many years as therapeutic cures for depression, skin wounds, and respiratory and inflammatory disorders. Hypericum also displays an ample variety of other biological actions, such as hypotensive, analgesic, anti-infective, anti-oxidant, and spasmolytic abilities. However, recent investigations highlighted that this species could be advantageous for the cure of other pathological situations, such as trigeminal neuralgia, as well as in the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), its derivatives, and other Hypericum species in hematologic malignancies. Hypericum induces apoptosis in both myeloid and lymphoid cells. Other Hypericum targets include matrix metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which are mediators of cell migration and angiogenesis. Hypericum also downregulates the expression of proteins that are involved in the resistance of leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, Hypericum and its derivatives appear to have photodynamic effects and are candidates for applications in tumor photodynamic therapy. Although the in vitro studies appear promising, controlled in vivo studies are necessary before we can hypothesize the introduction of Hypericum and its derivatives into clinical practice for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:159-183. [PMID: 33704184 PMCID: PMC7816176 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised that OVs’ antineoplastic actions were mainly due to their ability to contaminate, proliferate and destroy tumour cells and the immediate destructive effect on cells was believed to be the single mechanism of action of OVs’ action. Instead, it has been established that oncolytic viruses operate via a multiplicity of systems, including mutation of tumour milieu and a composite change of the activity of immune effectors. Oncolytic viruses redesign the tumour environment towards an antitumour milieu. The aim of our work is to evaluate the findings present in the literature about the use of OVs in the cure of haematological neoplastic pathologies such as multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Further experimentations are essential to recognize the most efficient virus or treatment combinations for specific haematological diseases, and the combinations able to induce the strongest immune response.
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Rodríguez-García A, García-Vicente R, Morales ML, Ortiz-Ruiz A, Martínez-López J, Linares M. Protein Carbonylation and Lipid Peroxidation in Hematological Malignancies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1212. [PMID: 33271863 PMCID: PMC7761105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different mechanisms involved in oxidative stress, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation are both important modifications associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. Hematopoietic cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, as the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and associated lipid peroxidation suppress self-renewal and induce DNA damage and genomic instability, which can trigger malignancy. A richer understanding of the clinical effects of oxidative stress might improve the prognosis of these diseases and inform therapeutic strategies. The most common protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation compounds, including hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products, have been investigated for their potential effect on hematopoietic cells in several studies. In this review, we focus on the most important protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in hematological malignancies, their role in disease development, and potential treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodríguez-García
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Roberto García-Vicente
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - María Luz Morales
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Medicine School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (R.G.-V.); (M.L.M.); (A.O.-R.); (J.M.-L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Allegra AG, Mannino F, Innao V, Musolino C, Allegra A. Radioprotective Agents and Enhancers Factors. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Induced Radiotherapy Damages in Hematological Malignancies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111116. [PMID: 33198328 PMCID: PMC7696711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of a wide range of hematologic malignancies. It is well known that the post-irradiation damages both in the bone marrow and in other organs are the main causes of post-irradiation morbidity and mortality. Tumor control without producing extensive damage to the surrounding normal cells, through the use of radioprotectors, is of special clinical relevance in radiotherapy. An increasing amount of data is helping to clarify the role of oxidative stress in toxicity and therapy response. Radioprotective agents are substances that moderate the oxidative effects of radiation on healthy normal tissues while preserving the sensitivity to radiation damage in tumor cells. As well as the substances capable of carrying out a protective action against the oxidative damage caused by radiotherapy, other substances have been identified as possible enhancers of the radiotherapy and cytotoxic activity via an oxidative effect. The purpose of this review was to examine the data in the literature on the possible use of old and new substances to increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in hematological diseases and to reduce the harmful effects of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2364
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Synergic Crosstalk between Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Genomic Alterations in BCR-ABL-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111037. [PMID: 33114087 PMCID: PMC7690801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have recently been revealed to be related to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. It has been proposed that MPNs represent a human inflammation model for tumor advancement, in which long-lasting inflammation serves as the driving element from early tumor stage (over polycythemia vera) to the later myelofibrotic cancer stage. It has been theorized that the starting event for acquired stem cell alteration may occur after a chronic inflammation stimulus with consequent myelopoietic drive, producing a genetic stem cell insult. When this occurs, the clone itself constantly produces inflammatory components in the bone marrow; these elements further cause clonal expansion. In BCR-ABL1-negative MPNs, the driver mutations include JAK 2, MPL, and CALR. Transcriptomic studies of hematopoietic stem cells from subjects with driver mutations have demonstrated the upregulation of inflammation-related genes capable of provoking the development of an inflammatory state. The possibility of acting on the inflammatory state as a therapeutic approach in MPNs appears promising, in which an intervention operating on the pathways that control the synthesis of cytokines and oxidative stress could be effective in reducing the possibility of leukemic progression and onset of complications.
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Oxidative Stress and Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancers: Mechanisms, Challenges and Promising Developments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050448. [PMID: 32455998 PMCID: PMC7278813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most pervasive environmental interactions with humans. Chronic ultraviolet irradiation increases the danger of skin carcinogenesis. Probably, oxidative stress is the most important mechanism by which ultraviolet radiation implements its damaging effects on normal cells. However, notwithstanding the data referring to the negative effects exerted by light radiation and oxidative stress on carcinogenesis, both factors are used in the treatment of skin cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the administration of a photosensitiser, which undergoes excitation after suitable irradiation emitted from a light source and generates reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress causes a condition in which cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, are oxidised and injured. Antitumor effects result from the combination of direct tumour cell photodamage, the destruction of tumour vasculature and the activation of an immune response. In this review, we report the data present in literature dealing with the main signalling molecular pathways modified by oxidative stress after photodynamic therapy to target skin cancer cells. Moreover, we describe the progress made in the design of anti-skin cancer photosensitisers, and the new possibilities of increasing the efficacy of PDT via the use of molecules capable of developing a synergistic antineoplastic action.
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Allegra A, Innao V, Basile G, Pugliese M, Allegra AG, Pulvirenti N, Musolino C. Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment in hematological patients: current understanding of chemobrain in hematology. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:393-404. [PMID: 32129131 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1738213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive impairment caused by chemotherapies, a condition known as chemobrain, is a possible side effect that affects alertness, learning, memory, and concentration.Areas covered: Chemobrain has been principally investigated as a possible side-effect among cancer patients. However, numerous drugs used to treat hematological malignancies can determine the appearance of chemobrain. In this review, we have examined some commonly used drugs for the treatment of hematological malignancies which are known to have a deleterious action on cognitive functions.Numerous mechanisms have been suggested, comprising the direct neurotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, cytokine-provoked damage, histone modifications, immune alteration, and the action of chemotherapeutic on trophic factors and structural proteins of brain cells.Expert commentary: Cognitive dysfunction provoked by the treatment of hematological diseases is an actual challenge in clinical practice. Actually, there are no totally efficient and innocuous treatments for this syndrome. It is important that further investigations specify the existence of predictors and gravity factors to pre- and post-therapy cognitive change and identify the influence of tumor treatments on the cognitive alterations in long-term, cancer survivors. Moreover, future studies are needed to analyze the interactions between genetic risk, amyloid accumulation, intrinsic brain networks, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Unit and School of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Pugliese
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolina Pulvirenti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 90100, Messina, Italy
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Khan MS, Tabrez S, Al-Okail MS, Shaik GM, Bhat SA, Rehman TM, Husain FM, AlAjmi MF. Non-enzymatic glycation of protein induces cancer cell proliferation and its inhibition by quercetin: Spectroscopic, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:777-786. [PMID: 31960772 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1715838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a potent glycating agent which reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These chemically stable AGEs crosslink with proteins and could lead to amyloid formation that has the role in several diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In this piece of work, glycation-induced conformational changes in HSA were observed with quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by 73.8% (41 nm red shift) and loss of hydrophobicity of HSA. CD spectroscopy result reaffirmed secondary structure changes in HSA. Moreover, MG-induced changes in HSA, proceeds to amyloid structure as characterized by an increase in thioflavin (ThT) fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of HSA aggregates. Quercetin was found to inhibit both AGEs production and amyloid formation. Viability of MCF-7 cells was found to be increased with AGEs treatment, illustrating proliferation of cancer cells. Wound healing assay also revealed increased proliferation and migration of cells in the presence of AGEs. Additionally, molecular docking analyses were performed to demonstrate interactions involved in the stabilization of HSA-quercetin complex. The binding affinities of quercetin were found to be (K d = 105 M -1) much higher compared with MG (K d = 102 M -1). From this study, it is quite clear that quercetin reverses the effect of MG by sterically inhibiting the interaction between HSA and MG. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Al-Okail
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, SP College of Sciences, Cluster University of Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India
| | - Tabish M Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Agriculture, Collage of Agriculture, Riyadh, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Harakeh S, Kalamegam G, Pushparaj PN, Al-Hejin A, Alfadul SM, Al Amri T, Barnawi S, Al Sadoun H, Mirza AA, Azhar E. Chemokines and their association with body mass index among healthy Saudis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:6-11. [PMID: 31889810 PMCID: PMC6933256 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disorder that is associated with body mass index (BMI) of greater or equal to 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is increasing at an alarming rate and is expected to reach 41% in men and up to 78% in women by 2022. Since chemokines are associated with involuntary weight loss, the objective of this study was to elucidate their association with BMI among Saudis. A questionnaire was used to collect information about diet, health conditions, and demographics from 15 men and 16 women who participated in the study. BMI was calculated based on clinical measurements and participants were classified according to their BMI category as: normal, underweight, overweight, or obese. Serum samples were collected for a multiplex assay using the Human Chemokine Magnetic 30-plex panel. The serum concentration of either the monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) or the CXC-motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL-9) was significantly increased in obese men (P = 0.0194) and women (P = 0.043) as compared to underweight men and women, respectively. However, the serum levels of other chemokines were not significantly different among the groups. We found that MIG levels are differentially regulated in serum, based on individuals' BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N. Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Hejin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman M. Alfadul
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al Amri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine-Rabigh Branch, KAU, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Barnawi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Mirza
- Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Cannavò SP, Riso G, Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress involvement in psoriasis: a systematic review. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:829-840. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1648800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serafinella Patrizia Cannavò
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Riso
- School and Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Messina Unit, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Pace E, Innao V, Di Salvo E, Ferraro M, Casciaro M, Spatari G, Tartarisco G, Allegra AG, Gangemi S. Evaluation of the AGE/sRAGE Axis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030055. [PMID: 30836666 PMCID: PMC6466542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycative stress influences tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advanced glycation end products/soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE/sRAGE) axis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Blood samples were taken from 19 patients affected by MM and from 16 sex-matched and age-matched healthy subjects. AGE and sRAGE axis were dosed in patients with MM and matched with controls. AGEs were measured by spectrofluorimetric methods. Blood samples for the determination of sRAGE were analyzed by ELISA. AGE levels were significantly reduced in patients with respect to controls. Instead, sRAGE was significantly elevated in patients affected by MM compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we showed that there was a statistically significant difference in sRAGE according to the heavy and light chain. IgA lambda had significantly higher sRAGE values than IgA kappa, IgG kappa, and IgG Lambda MM patients. From our data emerges the role of the sRAGE/AGE axis in MM. Since AGE is a positive regulator of the activity of RAGE, circulating sRAGE concentrations may reflect RAGE expression and may be raised in parallel with serum AGE concentrations as a counter-system against AGE-caused tissue damage. Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE could therefore become potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental, Morphological and Functional Investigations, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Del Giacco SR, Firinu D, Minciullo PL, Barca MP, Manconi PE, Tartarisco G, Cristani M, Saija A, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress markers in patients with hereditary angioedema. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:92-98. [PMID: 30697258 PMCID: PMC6348350 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.66160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary angioedema due to C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) or with normal C1-INH is characterized by recurrent swellings due to uncontrolled production of vasoactive mediators, among which bradykinin (BK) is crucial. Through the binding and activation of the two human BK-receptors, kinins may have dual beneficial and deleterious effects in vascular and inflammation physiopathology by inducing oxidative stress. We aimed to assess the serum concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in patients affected by HAE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples were collected to measure the serum concentrations of AGEs and AOPPs by spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods in patients affected by C1-INH-HAE and FXII-HAE during the remission state. RESULTS We showed that the circulating levels of AOPPs observed on control group (0.94 (0.36) nmol/mg) were significantly lower than those observed on the C1-INH-HAE group (1.68 (0.47) nmol/mg; p = 0.002) and FXII-HAE (1.50 (0.27) nmol/mg; p = 0.001). Moreover, the circulating levels of AGEs were significantly higher in C1-INH-HAE group (211.58 (151.05) AU/g; p = 0.02) than the FXII group (141.48 (89.59) AU/g), thus demonstrating a state of heightened oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our observations show additional underlying events involved in HAE and are of central importance for further investigations of differences in bradykinin receptors signaling among the two disease subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences “M. Aresu”, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Barca
- Department of Medical Sciences “M. Aresu”, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Manconi
- Department of Medical Sciences “M. Aresu”, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR) – Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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D'Arena G, Seneca E, Migliaccio I, De Feo V, Giudice A, La Rocca F, Capunzo M, Calapai G, Festa A, Caraglia M, Musto P, Iorio EL, Ruggieri V. Oxidative stress in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: still a matter of debate. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:867-875. [PMID: 30234409 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1509317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence showing a strong correlation between carcinogenesis of several types of human tumors, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and oxidative stress (OS). The mechanisms by which OS may promote cancer pathogenesis have not been completely deciphered yet and, in CLL, as in other neoplasms, whether OS is a primary cause or simply a downstream effect of the disease is still an open question. It has been demonstrated that, in CLL, OS concomitantly results from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mainly ascribable to CLL cells mitochondrial activity, and impaired antioxidant defenses. Interestingly, OS evaluation in CLL patients, at diagnosis, seems to have a prognostic significance, thus getting new insights in the biological comprehension of the disease with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- a Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture , Italy
| | - Elisa Seneca
- a Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture , Italy
| | - Ilaria Migliaccio
- a Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture , Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- b Pharmacology Department , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- c Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale , Napoli , Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- d Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero in Vulture , Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- e Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- f Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Agostino Festa
- g Department of Biochimics, Biophysics and General Pathology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- g Department of Biochimics, Biophysics and General Pathology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- h Scientific Direction, IRCCS-CROB , Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture , Italy
| | | | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- d Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero in Vulture , Italy
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Lee KJ, Yoo JW, Kim YK, Choi JH, Ha TY, Gil M. Advanced glycation end products promote triple negative breast cancer cells via ERK and NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2195-2201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abdul-Maksoud RS, Elsayed WS, Elsayed RS. The influence of glyoxalase 1 gene polymorphism on its expression at different stages of breast cancer in Egyptian women. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:799-807. [PMID: 29321821 PMCID: PMC5755725 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the association of GLO1 C332C gene polymorphism with breast cancer risk at different stages of the disease and to investigate the effect of this gene polymorphism on its mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Methods GLO1 C332C gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 100 healthy controls and 200 patients with breast cancer (100 patients with stage I & II and 100 patients with stage III & IV). GLO1 mRNA expression was measured by real time PCR. Serum GLO1 enzyme activity was measured colorimetrically. Results GLO1 A allele was associated with increased risk of breast cancer [OR (95%CI)= 2.8(1.9-4.1), P < 0.001]. Its frequency was significantly higher among advanced stages of breast cancer compared with localized tumors (OR (95%CI)= 1.9(1.3-2.9), p < 0.001). GLO1 mRNA expression and enzyme activity were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to controls and they were much higher in the advanced stages of the disease (P < 0.001). Carriers of AA genotype showed higher GLO1 expression and enzyme activity compared with carriers of CC genotype. Conclusion GLO1 C332C SNP was associated with overexpression of GLO1 mRNA and higher enzyme activity in breast cancer patients suggesting its role in the development of breast cancer and its progression from localized to advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walid Sh Elsayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Elsayed
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Curcumin ameliorates the in vitro efficacy of carfilzomib in human multiple myeloma U266 cells targeting p53 and NF-κB pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:186-194. [PMID: 29223572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant B-cell neoplasm with accumulation of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow. Pharmacological therapy improves response frequency even if with various associated toxicities. Herein, we investigated if combination of curcumin with carfilzomib (CFZ) can induce a better cytotoxic effect on in vitro cultured U266 cells. Cell viability data showed that curcumin significantly ameliorates CFZ cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, curcumin alone did not affect proteasome at the tested dose, confirming the involvement of different mechanisms in the observed effects. U266 cells exposure to curcumin or CFZ increased reactive species (RS) levels, although their production did not appear further potentiated following drugs combination. Interestingly, NF-κB nuclear accumulation was reduced by treatment with CFZ or curcumin, and was more deeply decreased in cells treated with CFZ-curcumin combinations, very likely due to the different mechanisms through which they target NF-κB. Our results confirmed the induction of p53/p21 axis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in anticancer activities of both drugs, an effect more pronounced for the CFZ-curcumin tested combinations. Furthermore, curcumin addition enhanced CFZ proapoptotic effect. These findings evidence that curcumin can ameliorate CFZ efficacy, and lead us to hypothesize that this effect might be useful to optimize CFZ therapy in MM patients.
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Involvement of new oxidative stress markers in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:448-452. [PMID: 29507559 PMCID: PMC5831279 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.71110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is a result of an imbalance between endogenous production of free reactive oxygen species and reduced effectiveness of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are compounds formed by transformation of macromolecules, including proteins which can serve as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in several diseases. Aim To investigate the role of AGEs and AOPPs as new markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Material and methods Advanced glycation end products and AOPP levels were determined in the sera of 85 patients with CSU and 64 healthy controls, using spectrofluorimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Results Advanced oxidation protein products levels in patients were statistically higher than those in controls. These levels were not affected by the presence of positive autologous serum test results or autologous plasma test results. No statistically significant differences were found between AGE levels in patients and controls. Conclusions Formation of AGEs and AOPPs may be accelerated in immunological and allergic disorders. Depending on the sites evaluated, the presence or absence of oxidative stress in chronic urticaria is controversial. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the possible involvement of AOPPs in CSU. The different behaviour observed for these two biomarkers is very likely due to the activation of specific related biochemical pathways associated with the condition under study.
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D'Arena G, Vitale C, Perbellini O, Coscia M, La Rocca F, Ruggieri V, Visco C, Di Minno NMD, Innocenti I, Pizza V, Deaglio S, Di Minno G, Giudice A, Calapai G, Musto P, Laurenti L, Iorio EL. Prognostic relevance of oxidative stress measurement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Eur J Haematol 2017. [PMID: 28646624 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic significance of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant defence status measurement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). METHODS d-ROMs test and BAP test were evaluated at diagnosis of 165 patients with CLL and correlated with clinical-biological features and prognosis. RESULTS An increased oxidative damage (d-ROMs test) and a reduced antioxidant potential (BAP test) were found in CLL patients than normal controls (P<.0001). CLL patients with higher d-ROMs values had higher number of circulating white blood cells and lymphocytes, and higher values of β2 -microglobulin. Higher d-ROMs values were found in female (P=.0003), in patients with unmutated IgVH (P=.04), unfavourable cytogenetics (P=.002) and more advanced clinical stage (P=.002). Higher BAP test values were found in patients expressing CD49d (P=.01) and with more advanced clinical stage (P=.004). At a median follow-up of 48 months, CLL patients with d-ROMs ≥418 CARR U were found to have a shorter time to first treatment (TFT) (P=.0002), and a reduced survival (P=.006) than others. CLL patients with BAP test values ≥2155 μmol/L had a shorter TFT (P=.008) and a shorter survival (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS OS can affect CLL patients by concomitantly increasing reactive oxygen metabolites production and decreasing antioxidant defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Carlo Visco
- Hematology Unit, "S. Bortolo" Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Matteo Dario Di Minno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, "Federico II" University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Idanna Innocenti
- Hematology Department, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pizza
- Neurophisiopathology Unit, "S. Luca" Hospital, Vallo della Lucania, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders, "Federico II" University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Department, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Roma, Italy
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wu L, Meng J, Lin N, Yang D, Li M, Ding W, Tong X, Su Q. Advanced glycation end products promote ChREBP expression and cell proliferation in liver cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7456. [PMID: 28816938 PMCID: PMC5571675 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism by which advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promote cell proliferation in liver cancer cells.We treated liver cancer HepG2 cells with 200 mg/L AGEs or bovine serum albumin (BSA) and assayed for cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We performed real-time PCR and Western blot analysis for RNA and protein levels of carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in AGEs- or BSA-treated HepG2 cells. We analyzed the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells treated with AGEs or BSA.We found that increased S-phase cell percentage and decreased apoptosis contributed to AGEs-induced liver cancer cell proliferation. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that AGEs stimulated RNA and protein levels of ChREBP, a transcription factor promoting glycolysis and maintaining cell proliferation in liver cancer cells. Intriguingly, the level of ROS was higher in AGEs-treated liver cancer cells. Treating liver cancer cells with antioxidant N-acetyl cystein (NAC) partly blocked AGEs-induced ChREBP expression and cell proliferation.Our results suggest that the AGEs-ROS-ChREBP pathway plays a critical role in promoting ChREBP expression and liver cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital
| | - Dianqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - WenJin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital
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Gangemi S, Minciullo PL, Magliacane D, Saitta S, Loffredo S, Saija A, Cristani M, Marone G, Triggiani M. Oxidative stress markers are increased in patients with mastocytosis. Allergy 2015; 70:436-42. [PMID: 25630934 DOI: 10.1111/all.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis is characterized by clonal proliferation of mast cells limited to the skin (cutaneous mastocytosis: CM and mastocytosis in the skin: MIS) and/or involving internal organs (systemic mastocytosis: SM). Oxidative stress occurring in various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders causes molecular damage with the production of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We evaluated these markers of oxidative stress in patients with CM/MIS and SM and correlated their levels with the presence of symptoms related to mast cell activation. METHODS Serum levels of AOPPs and AGEs in 34 patients with mastocytosis (23 CM/MIS and 11 SM) and 27 healthy controls were measured by spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Serum tryptase levels were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Serum AOPPs, but not AGEs, were significantly higher in patients with mastocytosis as compared to healthy controls. While serum tryptase levels were higher in patients with SM as compared to those with CM/MIS, there was no difference in AOPP and AGE concentrations between these two groups of patients. Patients with recurrent mediator-related symptoms had lower AOPPs and AGEs as compared to patients without symptoms. AOPPs and AGEs were inversely correlated with the severity of symptoms, and in patients with symptoms, AOPPs correlated with tryptase levels. DISCUSSION Our data show that mastocytosis is associated with a state of increased oxidative stress that, in patients with mediator-related symptoms, correlates with mast cell burden as assessed by tryptase. Patients with symptoms presumably have an adaptive response resulting in lower blood levels of AOPPs and AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology; IFC CNR; Messina Unit; Messina Italy
| | - P. L. Minciullo
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - D. Magliacane
- Division of Immunopathology and Respiratory Disease; Battipaglia Hospital; Salerno Italy
| | - S. Saitta
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - S. Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - A. Saija
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - M. Cristani
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - G. Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - M. Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
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Advanced glycation endproducts increase proliferation, migration and invasion of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:429-41. [PMID: 25514746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients have increased likelihood of developing breast cancer. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) underlie the pathogenesis of diabetic complications but their impact on breast cancer cells is not understood. This study aims to determine the effects of methylglyoxal-derived bovine serum albumin AGEs (MG-BSA-AGEs) on the invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. By performing cell counting, using wound-healing assay, invasion assay and zymography analysis, we found that MG-BSA-AGEs increased MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration and invasion through Matrigel™ associated with an enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activities, in a dose-dependent manner. Using Western blot and flow cytometry analyses, we demonstrated that MG-BSA-AGEs increased expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and phosphorylation of key signaling protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. Furthermore, in MG-BSA-AGE-treated cells, phospho-protein micro-array analysis revealed enhancement of phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein 70 serine S6 kinase beta 1 (p70S6K1), which is known to be involved in protein synthesis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, which are involved in cell survival. Blockade of MG-BSA-AGE/RAGE interactions using a neutralizing anti-RAGE antibody inhibited MG-BSA-AGE-induced MDA-MB-231 cell processes, including the activation of signaling pathways. Throughout the study, non-modified BSA had a negligible effect. In conclusion, AGEs might contribute to breast cancer development and progression partially through the regulation of MMP-9 activity and RAGE signal activation. The up-regulation of RAGE and the concomitant increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1 induced by AGEs may represent promising targets for drug therapy to treat diabetic patients with breast cancer.
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Gangemi S, Allegra A, Sciarrone P, Russo S, Cristani M, Gerace D, Saitta S, Alonci A, Musolino C. Effect of therapeutic plasma exchange on plasma levels of oxidative biomarkers in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Haematol 2014; 94:368-73. [PMID: 24813235 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of endothelial damage in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) syndrome has been the subject of much speculation in the recent past. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and carbonyl groups (CG) as markers of oxidative stress in plasma of a patient with TTP during the course of the disease until recovery and to evaluate the effect of plasmapheresis (PE) on these biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of plasma analysis of the patient, and 23 healthy subjects served as controls. In the patient with TTP, AOPP, AGE, and CG analysis was performed before and after each PE at the days +1 (Tα), +2, +4, +6, +10, +9, and +17 after the last plasmapheresis (Tω). RESULTS Plasma concentrations of AOPPs were increased in the acute phase of TTP, and at Tα, the patient had AOPPs levels higher than 99°‰ of controls. AOPPs decreased in the recovery phase, and at Tω, their values were between 84° and 85°‰ of controls. No significant difference was found in AOPP levels before and after each PE. No significant differences for AGEs or CG concentrations were found at Tα with respect to the control group, while only a trend was observed for reduction of plasma AGEs after each plasmapheresis. CONCLUSION Our data seem to confirm the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a critical component of the pathogenesis of TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Expèerimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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Imbesi S, Musolino C, Allegra A, Saija A, Morabito F, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress in oncohematologic diseases: an update. Expert Rev Hematol 2013; 6:317-25. [PMID: 23782085 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increased risk of cancer in various organs has been related to oxidative stress and several studies have revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. A variety of transcription factors may be activated in consequence of oxidative stress, leading to the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules and anti-inflammatory molecules. In this review, the data related to the action of oxidative stress on the onset of various oncohematologic diseases are summarized, thus bringing together some of the latest information available on the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in cancer. The authors evaluate the most recent publications on this topic, and, in particular, show the newest evidence of a relationship between oxidative stress and hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases. A separate section is devoted to the implications of a change of oxidative stress in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Finally, particular attention is given to the new markers of oxidative stress, such as carbonyl groups, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products and S-nitrosylated proteins, which are certainly more stable, reliable, cheaper and more easily identifiable than those already used in clinical practice. New approaches that aim to evaluate subcellular and microenvironment redox potential may be useful in developing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Imbesi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School & Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Trougakos IP, Sesti F, Tsakiri E, Gorgoulis VG. Non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications and proteostasis network deregulation in carcinogenesis. J Proteomics 2013; 92:274-98. [PMID: 23500136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organisms are constantly challenged by stressors and thus the maintenance of biomolecules functionality is essential for the assurance of cellular homeostasis. Proteins carry out the vast majority of cellular functions by mostly participating in multimeric protein assemblies that operate as protein machines. Cells have evolved a complex proteome quality control network for the rescue, when possible, or the degradation of damaged polypeptides. Nevertheless, despite these proteostasis ensuring mechanisms, new protein synthesis, and the replication-mediated dilution of proteome damage in mitotic cells, the gradual accumulation of stressors during aging (or due to lifestyle) results in increasingly damaged proteome. Non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications mostly arise by unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or high glucose levels and may cause disruption of proteostasis as they can alter protein function. This outcome may then increase genomic instability due to reduced fidelity in processes like DNA replication or repair. Herein, we present a synopsis of the major non-enzymatic post-translation protein modifications and of the proteostasis network deregulation in carcinogenesis. We propose that activation of the proteostasis ensuring mechanisms in premalignant cells has tumor-preventive effects, whereas considering that over-activation of these mechanisms represents a hallmark of advanced tumors, their inhibition provides a strategy for the development of anti-tumor therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:86-94. [PMID: 23298962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835cb4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bengmark S. Gut microbiota, immune development and function. Pharmacol Res 2012; 69:87-113. [PMID: 22989504 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of Westerners is significantly reduced in comparison to rural individuals living a similar lifestyle to our Paleolithic forefathers but also to that of other free-living primates such as the chimpanzee. The great majority of ingredients in the industrially produced foods consumed in the West are absorbed in the upper part of small intestine and thus of limited benefit to the microbiota. Lack of proper nutrition for microbiota is a major factor under-pinning dysfunctional microbiota, dysbiosis, chronically elevated inflammation, and the production and leakage of endotoxins through the various tissue barriers. Furthermore, the over-comsumption of insulinogenic foods and proteotoxins, such as advanced glycation and lipoxidation molecules, gluten and zein, and a reduced intake of fruit and vegetables, are key factors behind the commonly observed elevated inflammation and the endemic of obesity and chronic diseases, factors which are also likely to be detrimental to microbiota. As a consequence of this lifestyle and the associated eating habits, most barriers, including the gut, the airways, the skin, the oral cavity, the vagina, the placenta, the blood-brain barrier, etc., are increasingly permeable. Attempts to recondition these barriers through the use of so called 'probiotics', normally applied to the gut, are rarely successful, and sometimes fail, as they are usually applied as adjunctive treatments, e.g. in parallel with heavy pharmaceutical treatment, not rarely consisting in antibiotics and chemotherapy. It is increasingly observed that the majority of pharmaceutical drugs, even those believed to have minimal adverse effects, such as proton pump inhibitors and anti-hypertensives, in fact adversely affect immune development and functions and are most likely also deleterious to microbiota. Equally, it appears that probiotic treatment is not compatible with pharmacological treatments. Eco-biological treatments, with plant-derived substances, or phytochemicals, e.g. curcumin and resveratrol, and pre-, pro- and syn-biotics offers similar effects as use of biologicals, although milder but also free from adverse effects. Such treatments should be tried as alternative therapies; mainly, to begin with, for disease prevention but also in early cases of chronic diseases. Pharmaceutical treatment has, thus far, failed to inhibit the tsunami of endemic diseases spreading around the world, and no new tools are in sight. Dramatic alterations, in direction of a paleolithic-like lifestyle and food habits, seem to be the only alternatives with the potential to control the present escalating crisis. The present review focuses on human studies, especially those of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Bengmark
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 4th floor, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, United Kingdom.
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Musolino C, Allegra A, Saija A, Alonci A, Russo S, Spatari G, Penna G, Gerace D, Cristani M, David A, Saitta S, Gangemi S. Changes in advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end products, and s-nitrosylated proteins, in patients affected by polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1439-43. [PMID: 22850610 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress has a clear pro tumoral effect in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPDs). In this study, we analyzed oxidative stress in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Design and methods We analyzed serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) degradation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and protein nitrosylation in ET and PV patients. We also evaluated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, an acute phase protein isolated in human neutrophils, the activation status of platelets and leukocytes, and the JAK2 (V617F) mutation status. RESULTS AOPPs and s-nitrosylated proteins were significantly higher in PV and ET subjects as compared to healthy volunteers, while AGEs were higher in ET subjects with respect to controls. Moreover, in PV patients we found a correlation between s-nitrosylated proteins and Hb value. In ET patients AGEs were significantly higher in patients with thrombosis compared with those without thrombotic events. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that oxidative stress could play a role in the physiopathology of MPDs and in the onset of myeloproliferative associated thrombotic risk.
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