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Shusterman D. History of pollutant adjuvants in respiratory allergy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1374771. [PMID: 38533354 PMCID: PMC10964904 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1374771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Combined exposures to allergens and air pollutants emerged as a topic of concern in scientific circles by the 1980's, when it became clear that parallel increases in respiratory allergies and traffic-related air pollution had been occurring during the 20th century. Although historically there has been a tendency to treat exposure-related symptoms as either allergic or toxicologic in nature, cross-interactions have since been established between the two modalities. For example, exposure to selected air pollutants in concert with a given allergen can increase the likelihood that an individual will become sensitized to that allergen, strongly suggesting that the pollutant acted as an adjuvant. Although not a review of underlying mechanisms, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the potential significance of co-exposure to adjuvant chemicals in predicting allergic sensitization in the respiratory tract. The current discussion emphasizes the upper airway as a model for respiratory challenge studies, the results of which may be applicable-not only to allergic rhinitis-but also to conjunctivitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Shusterman
- Upper Airway Biology Laboratory, Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Peng WX, Yue X, Chen H, Ma NL, Quan Z, Yu Q, Wei Z, Guan R, Lam SS, Rinklebe J, Zhang D, Zhang B, Bolan N, Kirkham MB, Sonne C. A review of plants formaldehyde metabolism: Implications for hazardous emissions and phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129304. [PMID: 35739801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of hazardous formaldehyde (CH2O) in disinfections, adhesives and wood-based furniture leads to undesirable emissions to indoor environments. This is highly problematic as formaldehyde is a highly hazardous and toxic compound present in both liquid and gaseous form. The majority of gaseous and atmospheric formaldehyde derive from microbial and plant decomposition. However, plants also reversibly absorb formaldehyde released from for example indoor structural materials in such as furniture, thus offering beneficial phytoremediation properties. Here we provide the first comprehensive review of plant formaldehyde metabolism, physiology and remediation focusing on release and absorption including species-specific differences for maintaining indoor environmental air quality standards. Phytoremediation depends on rhizosphere, temperature, humidity and season and future indoor formaldehyde remediation therefore need to take these biological factors into account including the balance between emission and phytoremediation. This would pave the road for remediation of formaldehyde air pollution and improve planetary health through several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zhou Quan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Xiao J, Cheng P, Ma P, Wu Y, Feng F, Miao Y, Deng Q. Toxicological effects of traffic-related air pollution on the lungs: Evidence, biomarkers and intervention. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113570. [PMID: 35512471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have recently observed that exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with increased risk of various respiratory diseases. Major gaps in knowledge remain regarding the toxicological effects. OBJECTIVES We examined the toxicological effects of the gasoline exhaust particles (GEP), a paradigm of TRAP, in rats, with an objective to provide the evidence, obtain the biomarkers, and suggest effective intervention measure. METHODS We measured the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histological changes in the lung tissues, and the biomarkers so as to systematically examine the toxicological effects of GEPs at different dose levels (0.5, 2.5, 5 mg/kg BW). The intervention of vitamin E (VE), a natural antioxidant, on the toxicological effects was investigated. RESULTS The lung injury caused by GEP exposure was first indicated by the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Compared with the control group, GEP exposure significantly increased the airway resistances and decreased the lung compliance; the higher the dose of GEP, the more serious the lung injury. Lung injury was also revealed by the increase of inflammatory cells, including the lymphocytes and neutrophils, in the BAL fluid. With the increase of GEP dose, histological changes in the lung tissues were further observed: inflammatory cell infiltration increased and alveolar wall thickened. The toxicology of GEP was demonstrated by the increase of the biomarkers of the oxidative stress, the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the apoptosis cytokine. However, administration of VE was found to be effective in restoring airway injury. CONCLUSION The toxicological effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on rat lungs are supported by evidence and biomarkers, and vitamin E intervention is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xiao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 430081, China.
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Ma Y, Deng L, Ma P, Wu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Deng Q. In vivo respiratory toxicology of cooking oil fumes: Evidence, mechanisms and prevention. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123455. [PMID: 32683156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cooking is an essential part of people's daily life, cooking oil fumes (COF) has been recognized as one of the major indoor air pollutant. Mounting epidemiological evidence has indicated that COF exposure is significantly associated with an increased risk of various health effects including lung cancer, but toxicological studies are very limited. OBJECTIVES We conduct a systematic study to provide toxicological evidence of COF exposure on the lungs, to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and to suggest intervention measures to mitigate this toxicity. METHODS A total 96 female rats were randomly divided into control groups, COF exposure groups (0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg) and vitamin E protection groups, receiving appropriate treatment for 30 days. First we measured airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) followed by a lung histological analysis to investigate the toxicological effects of COF. We next analyzed the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and finally we investigated the protective effects of vitamin E against the toxicity of COF. RESULTS AHR measurement indicated that the airway resistance increased with the COF dose and the lung histological assay showed narrowing of the airway lumen, which provided evidence of the toxicological effects of COF. The biomarkers of oxidative stress (ROS and MDA), pro-inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (NF-κB and Caspase-3) were all significantly increased with COF dose. We observed that above toxicological effects and biomarker levels induced by COF were significantly ameliorated after administration of VE. CONCLUSION The toxicity of cooking oil fumes on the lungs is clear from the evidence and mechanism, and can be ameliorated by vitamin E. We suggested that oxidative stress may be primarily responsible for the observed cooking oil fumes-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Linjing Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Qihong Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Cui H, Huang J, Lu M, Zhang Q, Qin W, Zhao Y, Lu X, Zhang J, Xi Z, Li R. Antagonistic effect of vitamin E on nAl 2O 3-induced exacerbation of Th2 and Th17-mediated allergic asthma via oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1519-1531. [PMID: 31277021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some basic research has shown that nanomaterials can aggravate allergic asthma. However, its potential mechanism is insufficient. Based on the research that alumina nanopowder (nAl2O3) has been reported to cause lung tissue damage, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between nAl2O3 and allergic asthma as well as its molecular mechanism. In this study, Balb/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to construct the allergic asthma model while intratracheally administered 0.5, 5 or 50 mg kg-1·day-1 nAl2O3 for 3 weeks. It was observed that exposure to nAl2O3 exacerbated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling, and inflammation cell infiltration, leading to lung function damage in mice. Results revealed that nAl2O3 could increase ROS levels and decrease GSH levels in lung tissue, promote the increases of the T-IgE, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, stimulate the overexpression of transcription factors GATA-3 and RORγt, decrease the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 and increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-17A, resulting in the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 immune responses. In addition, antioxidant Vitamin E (Vit E) could alleviate asthma-like symptoms through blocking oxidative stress. The study displayed that exposure of nAl2O3 deteriorated allergic asthma through promoting the imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Manman Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xianxian Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiting Zhang
- Institute of Nano-science and Nano-technology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, No.1, Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Kang J, Duan J, Song J, Luo C, Liu H, Li B, Yang X, Yu W, Chen M. Exposure to a combination of formaldehyde and DINP aggravated asthma-like pathology through oxidative stress and NF-κB activation. Toxicology 2018; 404-405:49-58. [PMID: 29758289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies indicate a positive association between exposure to formaldehyde or phthalates and allergic asthma. However, nothing is yet known about the effects of exposure to formaldehyde and phthalates together, nor the role of each on allergic asthma. Here, we investigated the effects of a combined exposure to formaldehyde and diisononyl phthalate (DINP) on asthma-like pathology in mice, and determined the underlying mechanisms implicated in NF-κB and ROS. Mice were exposed to formaldehyde and/or DINP and sensitization with OVA. The results showed that exposure to 1.0 mg/m3 formaldehyde or 20 mg/kg·d DINP slightly aggravated the airway wall remodeling, promoted the production of IgE and IgG1, and induced the occurrence of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, these pathological responses and AHR were greatly exacerbated by the combined exposure to formaldehyde and DINP. Administering melatonin to block oxidative stress, alleviated the pathological responses and AHR induced by formaldehyde and DINP, and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB and the secretion of TSLP. Blocking NF-κB with Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinimicin, inhibited the elevation of TSLP expression and Th2/Th17 cytokine secretion, and effectively alleviated the allergic asthma-like symptoms. The results suggested that exposure to both formaldehyde and DINP aggravated hypersensitivity asthma symptoms by promoting oxidative stress and activating NF-κB. These findings expand our understanding of how formaldehyde and DINP exposure affect the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Song J, Yang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li R. Responses to Comments on "Differential Health Effects of Constant and Intermittent Exposure to Formaldehyde in Mice: Implications for Building Ventilation Strategies". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3322-3324. [PMID: 29473741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Respiratory Symptoms due to Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and MDF Dust in a MDF Furniture Factory in Eastern Thailand. Adv Prev Med 2016; 2016:3705824. [PMID: 28119784 PMCID: PMC5227115 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3705824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate factors associated with respiratory symptoms in workers in a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) furniture factory in Eastern Thailand. Data were collected from 439 employees exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust using questionnaire and personal sampler (Institute of Occupational Medicine; IOM). The average concentration of formaldehyde from MDF dust was 2.62 ppm (SD 367), whereas the average concentration of MDF dust itself was 7.67 mg/m3 (SD 3.63). Atopic allergic history was a factor associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among the workers exposed to formaldehyde and were associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms among those exposed to MDF dust. Exposure to MDF dust at high level (>5 mg/m3) was associated with respiratory irritation symptoms and allergic symptoms. Excluding allergic workers from the study population produced the same kind of results in the analysis as in all workers. The symptoms were associated with the high concentrations of formaldehyde and MDF dust in this factory. If the concentration of MDF dust was >5 mg/m3, the risk of irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system increased. The respiratory health of the employees with atopic allergic history exposed to formaldehyde and MDF dust should be monitored closely.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the recent literature on the relation between chronic workplace irritant exposures and asthma, focusing on exposures of low to moderate levels. We discuss results from epidemiological surveys, potential biological mechanisms, and needs for further research. These aspects are largely illustrated by studies on exposure to cleaning products. RECENT FINDINGS Recent results from nine population-based and workplace-based epidemiological studies, mostly cross-sectional, found an increased risk of both new-onset and work-exacerbated asthma among participants exposed to moderate level of irritants and/or cleaning products. SUMMARY Evidence of a causal effect of chronic workplace irritant exposure in new-onset asthma remains limited, mainly because of a lack of longitudinal studies and the difficulty to evaluate irritant exposures. However, recent epidemiological studies strengthen the evidence of an effect of chronic exposure to irritants in work-related asthma. The underlying mechanism remains unknown but may be related to oxidative stress, neurogenic inflammation and dual irritant and adjuvant effects. However, disentangling chronic irritant effects from either acute irritant-induced asthma or immunological low molecular weight agent-induced asthma is difficult for some agents. Further research is needed to improve assessment of irritant exposures and identify biomarkers.
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Zhu Y, Li J, Wu Z, Lu Y, You H, Li R, Li B, Yang X, Duan L. Acute exposure of ozone induced pulmonary injury and the protective role of vitamin E through the Nrf2 pathway in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:268-277. [PMID: 30090343 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the lower atmosphere is generally derived from various sources of human activity. It has become a major air pollutant in China and has been shown to adversely affect the health of humans and animals. We undertook a study to ascertain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury in mice and tried to demonstrate the protective mechanism of vitamin E. In this study, mice were exposed to clean air and three different concentrations of ozone. Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde) and Th cytokines in the lung, serum IgE, as well as histopathological examination and the airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) test were used to reflect inflammation and damage to the lungs of ozone-exposed mice. We then chose an effective concentration of ozone and combined treatment with vitamin E (VE) to explore the underlying mechanism of ozone-induced lung damage. The results of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers (total-immunoglobulin (Ig) E and Th cytokines) as well as histopathological examination and AHR assessment supported the notion that high doses of ozone (>0.5 ppm) could induce inflammation and lung injury in mice and that this induction was counteracted by concurrent administration of VE. The elimination of oxidative stress, the reduced Th2 responses and Ig production, and the relief of lung damage were proposed to explain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury. We also showed that VE, an antioxidant that enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and up-regulated the antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO1, could decrease the levels of oxidative stress and alleviate ozone-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Jinquan Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954.,Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Yu Lu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Huihui You
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Rui Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Liju Duan
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,College of Public Health , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-18768869690
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Hao M, Lin J, Shu J, Zhang X, Luo Q, Pan L, Guo J. Clarithromycin might attenuate the airway inflammation of smoke-exposed asthmatic mice via affecting HDAC2. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1189-97. [PMID: 26380735 PMCID: PMC4522485 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.05.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke has been proved to be one of the most dangerous ingredients leading to the unsatisfying treatment response of asthmatics to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy. Macrolides, a class of antibiotics, possess the traits of immunomodulation and anti-inflammation besides antimicrobial activity. Given that studies on the efficacy of macrolides on the refractory asthma patient have diverting conclusions, this article was carried on to investigate the effects of macrolide on the airway inflammation of smoke-exposed asthmatic mice. METHODS BALB/c mice were chosen to be the subjects of this study. They were raised to establish asthma model (OVA group); and one asthma group were exposed to the smoke (SEA group), one asthma group were treat with clarithromycin (CAM group) after smoke exposure. Control group mice were used as parallel comparison. Total inspiratory resistance (RL), expiratory resistance of the lung (Re) and lung compliance (Cdyn) were the main index to evaluate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The histopathological change was studied to assess lung tissue inflammation. Cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also tested to represent airway inflammation. IL-4 and CXCL1 in BALF and serum were also used to evaluate the airway inflammation. Histone deacelytase2 (HDAC2) activity of lung tissues was measure by assay kit. HDAC2 expression in the lung tissue had been detected by western blot. RESULTS Re, RL and Cdyn were monitored to represent airway responsiveness. All of the three indicators in SEA group were significantly different from control group, while clarithromycin improved airway responsiveness and the three indicator were statistically significant (P<0.01). Histopathology observation had showed massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in both OVA group and SEA group, while inflammation infiltration attenuated in CAM group. Total cell counts in SEA group was much higher than that in CAM group (P=0.019), so were neutrophils (P=0.022) and eosinophils (P=0.042); while macrophages in SEA group decreased when compared to CAM group (P=0.026), IL-4 and CXCL1 level in CAM group were significantly decreased in comparison to those in SEA group (P=0.031, P=0.017). HDAC2 activity in SEA group decreased significantly when compared to control group (P=0.010); while HDAC2 activity in CAM group was improved and significantly better than that in SEA group (P=0.038). The expression of HADC2 in CAM group improved significantly when compared to that in SEA group (P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Clarithromycin could improve AHR and attenuate airway inflammation in smoke exposed asthmatic mice which may involve HDAC2. Macrolides might have the potential to serve as the adjunctive treatment to some refractory asthmatics who are smokers or passive smokers.
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Buonsante VA, Muilerman H, Santos T, Robinson C, Tweedale AC. Risk assessment's insensitive toxicity testing may cause it to fail. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:139-147. [PMID: 25262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk assessment of chemicals and other agents must be accurate to protect health. We analyse the determinants of a sensitive chronic toxicity study, risk assessment's most important test. Manufacturers originally generate data on the properties of a molecule, and if government approval is needed to market it, laws globally require toxicity data to be generated using Test Guidelines (TG), i.e. test methods of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), or their equivalent. TGs have advantages, but they test close-to-poisonous doses for chronic exposures and have other insensitivities, such as not testing disease latency. This and the fact that academic investigators will not be constrained by such artificial methods, created a de facto total ban of academia's diverse and sensitive toxicity tests from most risk assessment. OBJECTIVE To start and sustain a dialogue between regulatory agencies and academic scientists (secondarily, industry and NGOs) whose goals would be to (1) agree on the determinants of accurate toxicity tests and (2) implement them (via the OECD). DISCUSSION We analyse the quality of the data produced by these incompatible paradigms: regulatory and academic toxicology; analyse the criteria used to designate data quality in risk assessment; and discuss accurate chronic toxicity test methods. CONCLUSION There are abundant modern experimental methods (and rigorous epidemiology), and an existing systematic review system, to at long last allow academia's toxicity studies to be used in most risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Muilerman
- Pesticide Action Network Europe, 1 Rue de la Pépinière, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tatiana Santos
- European Environmental Bureau, 34 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Claire Robinson
- Earth Open Source, 145-157 St. John Street, London EC1V 4PY, UK.
| | - Anthony C Tweedale
- R.I.S.K. Consultancy, c/o EEB, 34 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Application of vitamin E to antagonize SWCNTs-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4275. [PMID: 24589727 PMCID: PMC3940970 DOI: 10.1038/srep04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggravating effects of zero-dimensional, particle-shaped nanomaterials on allergic asthma have been previously investigated, but similar possible effects of one-dimensional shaped nanomaterials have not been reported. More importantly, there are no available means to counteract the adverse nanomaterial effects to allow for their safe use. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rat asthma model was established to investigate whether single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aggravate allergic asthma. The results showed that SWCNTs in rats exacerbated OVA-induced allergic asthma and that this exacerbation was counteracted by concurrent administration vitamin E. A mechanism involving the elimination of reactive oxygen species, downregulation of Th2 responses, reduced Ig production, and the relief of allergic asthma symptoms was proposed to explain the antagonistic effects of vitamin E. This work could provide a universal strategy to effectively protect people with allergic asthma from SWCNTs or similar nanomaterial-induced aggravating effects.
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Wang W, Yan Y, Li CW, Xia HM, Chao SS, Wang DY, Wang ZP. Live human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) on chip for in vitro testing of gaseous formaldehyde toxicity via airway delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:677-80. [PMID: 24356185 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell models based on human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs) are developed to obtain functional ciliated cells on modified Transwell inserts. The live hNECs are integrated into microfluidic platforms to mimic the 3D features of the human upper airway for in vitro testing of gaseous formaldehyde toxicity via airway delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.
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15
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McFadden J, Basketter D, Dearman R, Puangpet P, Kimber I. The hapten-atopy hypothesis III: the potential role of airborne chemicals. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:45-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.P. McFadden
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College; St Thomas’ Hospital; London SE1 7EH U.K
| | | | - R.J. Dearman
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
| | | | - I. Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester U.K
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16
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Wu Y, You H, Ma P, Li L, Yuan Y, Li J, Ye X, Liu X, Yao H, Chen R, Lai K, Yang X. Role of transient receptor potential ion channels and evoked levels of neuropeptides in a formaldehyde-induced model of asthma in BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62827. [PMID: 23671638 PMCID: PMC3650028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by the hyper-responsiveness, remodeling and inflammation of airways. Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant that can cause asthma in people experiencing long-term exposure. The irritant effect and adjuvant effect are the two possible pathways of formaldehyde promoted asthma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To explore the neural mechanisms and adjuvant effect of formaldehyde, 48 Balb/c mice in six experimental groups were exposed to (a) vehicle control; (b) ovalbumin; (c) formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)); (d) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)); (e) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3))+HC-030031 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonist); (f) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3))+ capsazepine (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist). Experiments were conducted after 4 weeks of combined exposure and 1-week challenge with aerosolized ovalbumin. Airway hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary tissue damage, eosinophil infiltration, and increased levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin E, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in lung tissues were found in the ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)) group compared with the values seen in ovalbumin -only immunized mice. Except for interleukin-1β levels, other changes in the levels of biomarker could be inhibited by HC-030031 and capsazepine. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Formaldehyde might be a key risk factor for the rise in asthma cases. Transient receptor potential ion channels and neuropeptides have important roles in formaldehyde promoted-asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Li J, Li L, Liu X, Li R, Yang X. Single-wall carbon nanotube-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in rats and a postulated mechanism of action. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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18
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Guo J, Han B, Qin L, Li B, You H, Yang J, Liu D, Wei C, Nanberg E, Bornehag CG, Yang X. Pulmonary toxicity and adjuvant effect of di-(2-exylhexyl) phthalate in ovalbumin-immunized BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39008. [PMID: 22701742 PMCID: PMC3373502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease, which is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, variable airflow obstruction and inflammation in the airways. The majority of asthma is allergic asthma, which is a disease caused by type I hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. Exposures to a number of environmental chemicals are suspected to lead to asthma, one such pollutant is di-(2-ethylheyl) phthalate (DEHP). DEHP is a manufactured chemical that is commonly added in plastic products to make them flexible. Epidemiological studies have revealed a positive association between DEHP exposure and asthma prevalence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study was aimed to determine the underlying role of DEHP exposure in airway reactivity, especially when combined with allergen exposure. The biomarkers include pulmonary histopathology, airway hyperresponsiveness (lung function), IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ and eosinophils. Healthy balb/c mice were randomly divided into eight exposure groups (n = 8 each): (1) saline control, (2) 30 µg/(kg•d) DEHP, (3) 300 µg/(kg•d) DEHP, (4) 3000 µg/(kg•d) DEHP, and (5) ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized group, (6) OVA-combined with 30 µg/(kg•d) DEHP, (7) OVA-combined with 300 µg/(kg•d) DEHP, and (8) OVA-combined with 3000 µg/(kg•d) DEHP. Experimental tests were conducted after 52-day DEHP exposure and subsequently one week of challenge with aerosolized OVA. The principal findings include: (1) Strong postive associations exist between OVA-combined DEHP exposure and serum total IgE (T-IgE), as well as histological findings. These positive associations show a dose-dependent low dose sensitive effect of DEHP. (2) IL-4, eosinophil recruitment and lung function are also indicators for adjuvant effect of DEHP. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that except the significant changes of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers (T-IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ and eosinophils), the pulmonary histological (histopathological examination) and physiological (lung function) data also support that DEHP may promote and aggravate allergic asthma by adjuvant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longjuan Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Jiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Eewa Nanberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Public Health Sciences, Department of Health and Environment, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-GB)
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-GB)
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Liu D, Zheng Y, Li B, Yao H, Li R, Zhang Y, Yang X. Adjuvant effects of gaseous formaldehyde on the hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in a mouse asthma model immunized by ovalbumin. J Immunotoxicol 2011; 8:305-14. [PMID: 21854218 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.600738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease, which is characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness, airflow obstruction, and airway inflammation. Exposure to a number of chemicals including formaldehyde (FA) can lead to asthma. This study aimed to explore the underlying role of FA exposure in occupational asthma, especially when it is combined with allergen exposure. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6/group): (1) saline control; (2) ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized (OVA(imm)) only; (3) 0.5 mg FA/m(3) exposure; (4) OVA(imm) + 0.5 mg FA/m(3); (5) 3.0 mg FA/m(3) FA exposure; and, (6) OVA(imm) + 3.0 mg FA/m(3). These low and high exposure FA levels were adopted from current (0.5 mg/m(3)) and original (3.0 mg/m(3)) Chinese Occupational Threshold Limit Values. Experiments were conducted after 3 week of combined exposure and a 1-week challenge with aerosolized OVA. Airway hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary tissue damage, eosinophil infiltration, and increased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 levels in lung tissues were found in the OVA + 3.0 mg FA/m(3) hosts as compared to values seen in the OVA-immunized only mice. The results here suggest to us that FA exposure can induce and aggravate asthma in Balb/c mice when it is combined with OVA immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan City, China
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20
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Han B, Guo J, Abrahaley T, Qin L, Wang L, Zheng Y, Li B, Liu D, Yao H, Yang J, Li C, Xi Z, Yang X. Adverse effect of nano-silicon dioxide on lung function of rats with or without ovalbumin immunization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17236. [PMID: 21359146 PMCID: PMC3040772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great advances of nanomaterials have brought out broad important applications, but their possible nanotoxicity and risks have not been fully understood. It is confirmed that exposure of environmental particulate matter (PM), especially ultrafine PM, are responsible for many lung function impairment and exacerbation of pre-existing lung diseases. However, the adverse effect of nanoparticles on allergic asthma is seldom investigated and the mechanism remains undefined. For the first time, this work investigates the relationship between allergic asthma and nanosized silicon dioxide (nano-SiO₂). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ovalbumin (OVA)-treated and saline-treated control rats were daily intratracheally administered 0.1 ml of 0, 40 and 80 µg/ml nano-SiO₂ solutions, respectively for 30 days. Increased nano-SiO₂ exposure results in adverse changes on inspiratory and expiratory resistance (Ri and Re), but shows insignificant effect on rat lung dynamic compliance (Cldyn). Lung histological observation reveals obvious airway remodeling in 80 µg/ml nano-SiO₂-introduced saline and OVA groups, but the latter is worse. Additionally, increased nano-SiO₂ exposure also leads to more severe inflammation. With increasing nano-SiO₂ exposure, IL-4 in lung homogenate increases and IFN-γ shows a reverse but insignificant change. Moreover, at a same nano-SiO₂ exposure concentration, OVA-treated rats exhibit higher (significant) IL-4 and lower (not significant) IFN-γ compared with the saline-treated rats. The percentages of eosinophil display an unexpected result, in which higher exposure results lower eosinophil percentages. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This was a preliminary study which for the first time involved the effect of nano-SiO₂ to OVA induced rat asthma model. The results suggested that intratracheal administration of nano-SiO₂ could lead to the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the airway remolding with or without OVA immunization. This occurrence may be due to the Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance accelerated by the nano-SiO₂ through increasing the tissue IL-4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tesfamariam Abrahaley
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longjuan Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuduo Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanchao Yao
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwen Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changming Li
- Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institutes of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (ZX)
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (ZX)
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Wolkoff P, Nielsen GD. Non-cancer effects of formaldehyde and relevance for setting an indoor air guideline. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:788-799. [PMID: 20557934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable recent focus and concern about formaldehyde (FA). We have reviewed the literature on FA with focus on chemosensory perception in the airways and lung effects in indoor environments. Concentrations of FA, both personal and stationary, are on average in the order of 0.05 mg/m(3) or less in Europe and North America with the exception of new housing or buildings with extensive wooden surfaces, where the concentration may exceed 0.1 mg/m(3). With the eye the most sensitive organ, subjective irritation is reported at 0.3-0.5 mg/m(3), which is somewhat higher than reported odour thresholds. Objective effects in the eyes and airways occur around 0.6-1 mg/m(3). Dose-response relationships between FA and lung function effects have not been found in controlled human exposure studies below 1 mg/m(3), and epidemiological associations between FA concentrations and exacerbation of asthma in children and adults are encumbered by complex exposures. Neither experimental nor epidemiological studies point to major differences in susceptibility to FA among children, elderly, and asthmatics. People with personal trait of negative affectivity may report more symptoms. An air quality guideline of 0.1 mg/m(3) (0.08 ppm) is considered protective against both acute and chronic sensory irritation in the airways in the general population assuming a log normal distribution of nasal sensory irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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