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Gudenschwager-Basso EK, Frydman G, Weerakoon S, Andargachew H, Piltaver CM, Huckle WR. Morphological evaluation of the feline placenta correlates with gene expression of vascular growth factors and receptors†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:569-582. [PMID: 38092011 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental angiogenesis is critical for normal development. Angiogenic factors and their receptors are key regulators of this process. Dysregulated placental vascular development is associated with pregnancy complications. Despite their importance, vascular growth factor expression has not been thoroughly correlated with placental morphologic development across gestation in cats. We postulate that changes in placental vessel morphology can be appreciated as consequences of dynamic expression of angiogenic signaling agents. Here, we characterized changes in placental morphology alongside expression analysis of angiogenic factor splice variants and receptors throughout pregnancy in domestic shorthair cats. We observed increased vascular and lamellar density in the lamellar zone during mid-pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis localized the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) receptor KDR to endothelial cells of the maternal and fetal microvasculatures. PlGF and its principal receptor Flt-1 were localized to the trophoblasts and fetal vasculature. VEGF-A was found in trophoblast cells and associated with endothelial cells. We detected expression of two Plgf splice variants and four Vegf-a variants. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed upregulation of mRNAs encoding pan Vegf-a and all Vegf-a splice forms at gestational days 30-35. Vegf-A showed a marked relative increase in expression during mid-pregnancy, consistent with the pro-angiogenic changes seen in the lamellar zone at days 30-35. Flt-1 was upregulated during late pregnancy. Plgf variants showed stable expression during the first two-thirds of pregnancy, followed by a marked increase toward term. These findings revealed specific spatiotemporal expression patterns of VEGF-A family members consistent with pivotal roles during normal placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin K Gudenschwager-Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Galit Frydman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaneke Weerakoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hariyat Andargachew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cassandra M Piltaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - William R Huckle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Understanding the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on early skin development: Role of ciliogenesis inhibition and altered microtubule dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169702. [PMID: 38163615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of highly stable chemicals, widely used in everyday products, and widespread in the environment, even in pregnant women. While epidemiological studies have linked prenatal exposure to PFAS with atopic dermatitis in children, little is known about their toxic effects on skin development, especially during the embryonic stage. In this study, we utilized human embryonic stem cells to generate non-neural ectoderm (NNE) cells and exposed them to six PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid (PFBA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBS)) during the differentiation process to assess their toxicity to early skin development. Our results showed that PFOS altered the spindle-like morphology of NNE cells to a pebble-like morphology, and disrupted several NNE markers, including KRT16, SMYD1, and WISP1. The six PFAS had a high potential to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) by disrupting the expression levels of HED-relevant genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFOS treatment produced the highest number (1156) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the six PFAS, including the keratinocyte-related genes KRT6A, KRT17, KRT18, KRT24, KRT40, and KRT81. Additionally, we found that PFOS treatment disturbed several signaling pathways that are involved in regulating skin cell fate decisions and differentiation, including TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling pathways. Interestingly, we discovered that PFOS inhibited, by partially interfering with the expression of cytoskeleton-related genes, the ciliogenesis of NNE cells, which is crucial for the intercellular transduction of the above-mentioned signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests that PFAS can inhibit ciliogenesis and hamper the transduction of important signaling pathways, leading potential congenital skin diseases. It sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of early embryonic skin developmental toxicity and provides an explanation for the epidemiological data on PFAS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: We employed a model based on human embryonic stem cells to demonstrate that PFOS has the potential to elevate the risk of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This is achieved by targeting cilia, inhibiting ciliogenesis, and subsequently disrupting crucial signaling pathways like TGF-β, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and Hippo, during the early phases of embryonic skin development. Our study highlights the dangers and potential impacts of six PFAS pollutants on human skin development. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of closely considering PFHxA, PFBA, PFHxS, and PFBS, as they have shown the capacity to modify gene expression levels, albeit to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Creswell L, O’Gorman N, Palmer KR, da Silva Costa F, Rolnik DL. Perspectives on the Use of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in the Prediction and Diagnosis of Pre-Eclampsia: Recent Insights and Future Steps. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:255-271. [PMID: 36816456 PMCID: PMC9936876 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s368454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disease of pregnancy that is becoming increasingly recognized as a state of angiogenic imbalance characterized by low concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) and elevated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1). PlGF is a protein highly expressed by the placenta with vasculogenic and angiogenic properties, which has a central role in spiral artery remodeling and the development of a low-resistance placental capillary network. PlGF concentrations are significantly lower in women with preterm PE, and these reduced levels have been shown to precede the clinical onset of disease. Subsequently, the clinical utility of maternal serum PlGF has been extensively studied in singleton gestations from as early as 11 to 13 weeks' gestation, utilizing a validated multimarker prediction model, which performs superiorly to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines in the detection of preterm PE. There is extensive research highlighting the role of PlGF-based testing utilizing commercially available assays in accelerating the diagnosis of PE in symptomatic women over 20 weeks' gestation and predicting time-to-delivery, allowing individualized risk stratification and appropriate antenatal surveillance to be determined. "Real-world" data has shown that interpretation of PlGF-based test results can aid clinicians in improving maternal outcomes and a growing body of evidence has implied a role for sFlt-1/PlGF in the prognostication of adverse pregnancy and perinatal events. Subsequently, PlGF-based testing is increasingly being implemented into obstetric practice and is advocated by NICE. This literature review aims to provide healthcare professionals with an understanding of the role of angiogenic biomarkers in PE and discuss the evidence for PlGF-based screening and triage. Prospective studies are warranted to explore if its implementation significantly improves perinatal outcomes, explore the value of repeat PlGF testing, and its use in multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Creswell
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Correspondence: Lyndsay Creswell, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Cork Street, Dublin, D08XW7X, Ireland, Tel +44 7754235257, Email
| | - Neil O’Gorman
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Rebecca Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabricio da Silva Costa
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Lorber Rolnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lim GM, Cho GW, Ganesan CD, Choi JH, Ang MJ, Moon C, Jang CH. Enhancing the Effect of Placental Extract on the Regeneration of Crush Injured Facial Nerve. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:419-430. [PMID: 36631850 PMCID: PMC9841744 DOI: 10.5607/en22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration using placental extract (PE). This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical PE application on recovery after crush injury to the rat facial nerve using functional, electrophysiological, and morphological evaluations. The viability of the RSC96 Schwann cells treated with PE (0.5~4 mg/ml) increased significantly. Immunoblot test revealed that PE application enhanced the migration of RSC96 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PE increased the expression of neurotropic genes. The recovery from vibrissa fibrillation in the PE-treated group was superior to that in the control group. The threshold of action potential was also significantly lower in the PE group. Histopathological examination showed that crushed facial nerves treated with PE exhibited larger axons. The surrounding myelin sheaths were more distinct and thicker in the PE-treated group. Hence, PE may be considered a topical therapeutic agent for treating traumatic facial nerve paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Min Lim
- BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Gwang-Won Cho
- BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea,Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Chitra Devi Ganesan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Changjong Moon, TEL: 82-62-530-2838, e-mail:
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea,Chul Ho Jang, TEL: 82-62-220-6774, e-mail:
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Awobajo FO, Medobi EF, Abdul MW, Aminu BB, Ojimma CT, Dada OG. The effect of genistein on IGF-1, PlGF, sFLT-1 and fetoplacental development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 329:114122. [PMID: 36063867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which genistein, a phytoestrogen, affects fetoplacental development adversely are still poorly understood. It is reported that genistein ingestion modulates thyroid functions, leptin hormone, C-reactive protein, and thyroxin kinase activities. In this study, we evaluated changes in serum and placental insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) in pregnant rats exposed to genistein using ELISA. According to the treatments, Rats were divided into control, 2 mg genistein, and 4 mg genistein groups. Genistein groups were administered with the doses orally from gestational day (GD) one onwards until sacrifice, while the control group received an equal volume of distilled water the vehicle. At GD-12, GD-16, and GD-20, serum samples and placenta homogenates were prepared from maternal blood samples and the placenta and were analysed to determine the concentration of IGF-1, sFLT-1, and PIGF. Serum IGF-1 and PIGF were both increased in all genistein groups at GD-12 and GD-16, and at GD-20 in the 4 mg group. However, serum IGF-1and PIGF levels were decreased in the placenta from all genistein groups at GD-20. Placenta sFLT-1 levels increased at both GD-16 and GD-20 in genistein-treated rat serum. An initial decrease in placental sFLT-1 at GD-12 was followed by an increase at GD-16 and finally a decrease at GD-20 in all genistein-treated rats. The sFL-1/PlGF ratio in placenta samples of genistein-exposed rats was decreased at GD-16 and increased at GD-20, while the reverse was recorded in the serum sample at the same gestational periods. The fetoplacental growth disruption mechanism of genistein can be partly explained by its interference with placental growth factor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Awobajo
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - E F Medobi
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M W Abdul
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B B Aminu
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C T Ojimma
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O G Dada
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Takakura S, Enomoto N, Maki S, Ikeda T. Placental growth factor level is correlated with intrapartum fetal heart rate findings. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35300623 PMCID: PMC8932326 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Here, we tested the correlation between maternal placental growth factor (PlGF) and fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring findings. Methods We included 35 women with single pregnancies from 35 to 42 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized owing to onset of labor. Blood samples were collected at the start of labor. Intrapartum FHR monitoring parameters included total deceleration area, average deceleration area (mean deceleration area per 10 min), and five-tier classification level. Results Of the 35 women, 26 (74%) had vaginal delivery and 9 (26%) had cesarean section. After excluding 2 women who had cesarean section for arrest of labor, we analyzed 26 women who had vaginal delivery (VD group) and 7 who had cesarean section for fetal indications (CSF group). PlGF level was significantly higher in the VD group (157 ± 106 pg/ml) than in the CSF group (74 ± 62 pg/ml) (P = 0.03). There were no significant correlations between PlGF and total (r = -0.07) or average (r = -0.08) deceleration area. There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.42, P = 0.01) between PlGF and the percentage of level 3 or higher in the five-level classification. Conclusion PlGF was correlated with FHR monitoring findings and might be a promising biomarker of intrapartum fetal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Sho Takakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Naosuke Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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Mimura N, Nagamatsu T, Morita K, Taguchi A, Toya T, Kumasawa K, Iriyama T, Kawana K, Inoue N, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Suppression of human trophoblast syncytialization by human cytomegalovirus infection. Placenta 2021; 117:200-208. [PMID: 34933151 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental dysfunction triggers fetal growth restriction in congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Studies suggest that HCMV infection interferes with the differentiation of human trophoblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. This study investigated the impact of HCMV infection on gene transcriptomes in cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) associated with placental dysfunction. METHODS CTBs were isolated from human term placentas, and spontaneous syncytialization was observed in vitro. The transcriptome profiles were compared between CTB groups with and without HCMV infection by cap analysis gene expression sequencing. The effect of HCMV infection on trophoblast differentiation was evaluated by examining cell fusion status using immunocytochemical staining for desmoplakin and assessing the production of cell differentiation markers, including hCG, PlGF, and soluble Flt-1, using ELISA. RESULTS The expression of the genes categorized in the signaling pathways related to the cell cycle was significantly enhanced in CTBs with HCMV infection compared with uninfected CTBs. HCMV infection hindered the alteration of the gene expression profile associated with syncytialization. This suppressive effect under HCMV infection was concurrent with the reduction in hCG and PlGF secretion. Immunostaining for desmoplakin revealed that HCMV infection reduced the cell fusion of cultured CTBs. These findings imply that HCMV infection has a negative impact on syncytialization, which is indispensable for the maintenance of villous function. DISCUSSION HCMV infection interferes with gene expression profiles and functional differentiation of trophoblasts. Suppression of syncytialization may be a survival strategy for HCMV to expand infection and could be associated with placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Mimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Toya
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nihon University, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Involvement of Hdac3-mediated inhibition of microRNA cluster 17-92 in bronchopulmonary dysplasia development. Mol Med 2020; 26:99. [PMID: 33143661 PMCID: PMC7640435 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of newborns, has been paradoxically rising despite medical advances. Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) has been reported to be a crucial regulator in alveologenesis. Hence, this study aims to investigate the mechanism of Hdac3 in the abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD. Methods A hyperoxia-induced BPD model of was developed in newborn mice, and primary lung fibroblasts were isolated from adult mice. Hdac3 was knocked out in vivo and knocked down in vitro, while microRNA (miR)-17 was downregulated in vivo and in vitro to clarify their roles in abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization. Mechanistic investigations were performed on the interplay of Hdac3, miR-17-92 cluster, enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1), p65 and placental growth factor (Pgf). Results Hdac3 was involved in abnormal alveolarization and angiogenesis in BPD mice. Further, the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster in BPD mice was downregulated by Hdac3. miR-17 was found to target EZH1, and Hdac3 rescued the inhibited EZH1 expression by miR-17 in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, EZH1 augmented Pgf expression by recruiting p65 thus enhancing the progression of BPD. Hdac3 augmented the recruitment of p65 in the Pgf promoter region through the miR-17/EZH1 axis, thus enhancing the transcription and expression of Pgf, which elicited abnormal angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD mice. Conclusions Altogether, the present study revealed that Hdac3 activated the EZH1-p65-Pgf axis through inhibiting miR-17 in the miR-17-92 cluster, leading to accelerated abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD mice.
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NLRP7 plays a functional role in regulating BMP4 signaling during differentiation of patient-derived trophoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:658. [PMID: 32814763 PMCID: PMC7438493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Complete hydatidiform mole (HM) is a gestational trophoblastic disease resulting in hyperproliferation of trophoblast cells and absence of embryo development. Mutations in the maternal-effect gene NLRP7 are the major cause of familial recurrent complete HM. Here, we established an in vitro model of HM using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived trophoblasts harboring NLRP7 mutations. Using whole transcriptome profiling during trophoblast differentiation, we showed that impaired NLRP7 expression results in precocious downregulation of pluripotency factors, activation of trophoblast lineage markers, and promotes maturation of differentiated extraembryonic cell types such as syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, we found that these phenotypes are dependent on BMP4 signaling and BMP pathway inhibition corrected the excessive trophoblast differentiation of patient-derived iPSCs. Our human iPSC model of a genetic placental disease recapitulates aspects of trophoblast biology, highlights the broad utility of iPSC-derived trophoblasts for modeling human placental diseases and identifies NLRP7 as an essential modulator of key developmental cell fate regulators.
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10
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Drwal E, Rak A, Tworzydło W, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. “Real life” polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures modulate hCG, hPL and hPLGF levels and disrupt the physiological ratio of MMP-2 to MMP-9 and VEGF expression in human placenta cell lines. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Peng Y, Liu D, Diao Z, Wang Z, Ding H, Cai B, Hu Y, Zhao G, Zheng M. Down-regulation of B2R contributes to preeclampsia by inhibiting human trophoblast cell invasion and angiogenesis. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 21:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Wat JM, Hawrylyshyn K, Baczyk D, Greig IR, Kingdom JC. Effects of glycol-split low molecular weight heparin on placental, endothelial, and anti-inflammatory pathways relevant to preeclampsia. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:1082-1090. [PMID: 29860275 PMCID: PMC6297285 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is being investigated as a potential preventative therapy against preeclampsia. There is evidence suggesting that LMWH may prevent preeclampsia through anticoagulation-independent mechanisms. In this study, we compared the in vitro placental, endothelial, and anti-inflammatory effects of an LMWH (dalteparin) with a nonanticoagulant, glycol-split heparin derivative (gsHep). In contrast with dalteparin, gsHep did not interact with antithrombin III, possess significant anti-Factor Xa activity, or significantly prolong in vitro plasma clotting time. However, dalteparin and gsHep were otherwise mechanistically similar, both interacting with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and promoting release of the pro-angiogenic protein placental growth factor, but not the antiangiogenic sFlt1, from healthy placental villous explants. Placental explant media pretreated with dalteparin or gsHep significantly stimulated endothelial cell tube formation compared to untreated explants. Lastly, dalteparin and gsHep both significantly suppressed inflammation by inhibiting complement activation and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells that were activated using serum from preeclamptic women. Our data suggest that nonanticoagulant heparin derivatives may be utilized as a tool to distinguish the anticoagulation-independent mechanisms of LMWH, and provide insight into the role of anticoagulation in the prevention of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovian M Wat
- Research Centre for Women's and Infant's Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Hawrylyshyn
- Research Centre for Women's and Infant's Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dora Baczyk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infant's Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iain R Greig
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John C Kingdom
- Research Centre for Women's and Infant's Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Dunn L, Sherrell H, Bligh L, Alsolai A, Flatley C, Kumar S. Reference centiles for maternal placental growth factor levels at term from a low-risk population. Placenta 2019; 86:15-19. [PMID: 31494398 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental growth factor (PLGF) is a biomarker of placental function. The aim of this study was to define reference ranges for maternal PLGF levels in a normotensive cohort ≥36 + 0 weeks. METHOD Prospective observational data from Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane. PLGF levels were measured in women at ≥36 + 0 weeks with singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies. Women with hypertension and fetal growth restriction were excluded. PLGF (pg/mL) was assayed using DELFIA® Xpress (PerkinElmer Inc). The Generalised Additive Model for Location, Shape and Scale (GAMLSS) method was used for the calculation of gestational age-adjusted centiles. Data analysis was performed with Stata 13 (StataCorp, LLC) and R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). In all women, PLGF was measured within 2 weeks of delivery. RESULTS The study cohort comprised of 845 women (36 weeks n = 73, 37 weeks n = 230, 38 weeks n = 214, 39 weeks n = 172, 40 weeks n = 115, 41weeks n = 41). PLGF levels were negatively correlated with gestational age (r = -0.20, p < 0.001). Median PLGF levels dropped significantly from 36 weeks to 41 weeks (169.0 pg/mL to 96.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Gestational age specific maternal PLGF centiles were reported using fractional polynomial additive term and Box-Cox t distribution. PLGF did not perform adequately as a predictive test for adverse perinatal outcomes (AUC <0.6). DISCUSSION We have created gestational centile reference ranges for maternal PLGF from a normotensive cohort. These novel data suggest maternal PLGF levels decline ≥36 + 0 weeks. The utility of PLGF as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes at term, should be further investigated with clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Dunn
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Helen Sherrell
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Larissa Bligh
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Amal Alsolai
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Christopher Flatley
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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14
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Weckman AM, Ngai M, Wright J, McDonald CR, Kain KC. The Impact of Infection in Pregnancy on Placental Vascular Development and Adverse Birth Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1924. [PMID: 31507551 PMCID: PMC6713994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy fetal development is dependent on nutrient and oxygen transfer via the placenta. Optimal growth and function of placental vasculature is therefore essential to support in utero development. Vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels, and angiogenesis, the branching and remodeling of existing vasculature, mediate the development and maturation of placental villi, which form the materno-fetal interface. Several lines of evidence indicate that systemic maternal infection and consequent inflammation can disrupt placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The resulting alterations in placental hemodynamics impact fetal growth and contribute to poor birth outcomes including preterm delivery, small-for-gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, and low birth weight (LBW). Furthermore, pathways involved in maternal immune activation and placental vascularization parallel those involved in normal fetal development, notably neurovascular development. Therefore, immune-mediated disruption of angiogenic pathways at the materno-fetal interface may also have long-term neurological consequences for offspring. Here, we review current literature evaluating the influence of maternal infection and immune activation at the materno-fetal interface and the subsequent impact on placental vascular function and birth outcome. Immunomodulatory pathways, including chemokines and cytokines released in response to maternal infection, interact closely with the principal pathways regulating placental vascular development, including the angiopoietin-Tie-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) pathways. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how maternal infections impact placental and fetal development is critical to the design of effective interventions to promote placental growth and function and thereby reduce adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Weckman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Ngai
- SAR Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Wright
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe R McDonald
- SAR Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,SAR Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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N-Acetylcysteine Resolves Placental Inflammatory-Vasculopathic Changes in Mice Consuming a High-Fat Diet. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2246-2257. [PMID: 31430466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which poor maternal nutrition can affect the long-term health of offspring is poorly understood. In mice, we previously found that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) exposure results in reduced fetal growth regardless of maternal genotype. We tested our hypothesis that maternal HFD-induced inflammation contributes to metabolic disease susceptibility of the offspring via alterations in the placenta. The effect of maternal genotype, diet, and treatment with the anti-inflammatory compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on placental morphologic features was investigated. Placentas from wild-type dams maintained on a HFD but not those heterozygous (+/-) for Glut4 (Slc2a4) on the same diet had an increase in decidual inflammation and vasculopathy occurring together. NAC administration resulted in amelioration of HFD-induced decidual vasculopathy independent of offspring genotype and sex. Consistent with these morphologic improvements, placentas from HFD dams treated with NAC had decreased mRNA and immunostaining of IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, decreased mRNA of inflammatory genes, and increased mRNA of Vegfa. These results strongly suggest consumption of an HFD results in vascular changes in placenta reflected by alterations in expression of pivotal vascular developmental markers and inflammatory genes all of which are ameliorated by NAC. These placental changes play a key role in the increased programed metabolic disease of HFD-exposed offspring.
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16
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Li XC, Yin XJ, Hong W, Liu J, Jin F, Wang BY, Wang YM, Tian FJ. The orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 promotes trophoblast invasion at early pregnancy through paracrine placental growth factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1359-1373. [PMID: 31312859 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NR4A1 (NUR77) is an orphan nuclear receptor that has been implicated in both cell survival and apoptosis. However, the role of NUR77 in trophoblast function during early placenta development has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that NUR77 expression was significantly lower in the villi of the recurrent miscarriage (RM) group compared to that in the healthy controls (HCs) group. We used immunohistochemistry and found that NUR77 was highly expressed in human placental villi during early pregnancy, especially in syncytiotrophoblast (STB), and was expressed at a much lower level in STB from the RM group than in those from HC group. Western blotting data further confirmed that NUR77 was highly expressed in primary human term placental STB and the FSK-induced BeWo cell line. Moreover, antibody array screening and ELISA revealed that NUR77 promoted significant placental growth factor (PGF) expression during trophoblast fusion. Ectopic overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that PGF was a novel downstream target of NUR77, and serum PGF expression correlated positively with trophoblast NUR77 mRNA levels in HCs and RM patients. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis identified two NUR77 binding sites in the PGF promoter region, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with Western blotting analysis further verified that NUR77 bound directly to the PGF promoter region and promoted PGF expression. Furthermore, in a BeWo/HTR-8 co-culture system, FSK-induced BeWo-secreted PGF promoted HTR-8 cell migration and invasion, and an anti-PGF antibody reversed this effect. Collectively, these results indicated that NUR77 may play a key role in regulating trophoblast invasion at early pregnancy. KEY MESSAGES: NUR77 expression was significantly decreased in the syncytiotrophoblast of the recurrent miscarriage group compared to that in the healthy control group. NUR77 promoted PGF expression during trophoblast fusion. ChIP and western blotting experiments verified that NUR77 bound directly to the PGF promoter region and activated PGF expression in trophoblast. Trophoblast-derived PGF promoted HTR-8 cell migration and invasion in a cell co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Jie Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Current opinions on PlGF and sFlt-1 as reliable markers for preeclampsia. GINECOLOGIA.RO 2019. [DOI: 10.26416/gine.26.4.2019.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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18
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Portelli M, Baron B. Clinical Presentation of Preeclampsia and the Diagnostic Value of Proteins and Their Methylation Products as Biomarkers in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Their Newborns. J Pregnancy 2018; 2018:2632637. [PMID: 30050697 PMCID: PMC6046127 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2632637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder which affects 1-10% of pregnant women worldwide. It is characterised by hypertension and proteinuria in the later stages of gestation and can lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Other than the delivery of the foetus and the removal of the placenta, to date there are no therapeutic approaches to treat or prevent PE. It is thus only possible to reduce PE-related mortality through early detection, careful monitoring, and treatment of the symptoms. For these reasons the search for noninvasive, blood-borne, or urinary biochemical markers that could be used for the screening, presymptomatic diagnosis, and prediction of the development of PE is of great urgency. So far, a number of biomarkers have been proposed for predicting PE, based on pathophysiological observations, but these have mostly proven to be unreliable and inconsistent between different studies. The clinical presentation of PE and data gathered for the biochemical markers placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble Feline McDonough Sarcoma- (fms-) like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and methyl-lysine is being reviewed with the aim of providing both a clinical and biochemical understanding of how these biomarkers might assist in the diagnosis of PE or indicate its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Portelli
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
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19
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Chiu YH, Yang MR, Wang LJ, Chen MH, Chang GD, Chen H. New insights into the regulation of placental growth factor gene expression by the transcription factors GCM1 and DLX3 in human placenta. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9801-9811. [PMID: 29743241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of placental growth factor (PGF) is closely associated with placental perfusion in early pregnancy. PGF is primarily expressed in placental trophoblasts, and its expression decreases in preeclampsia, associated with placental hypoxia. The transcription factors glial cells missing 1 (GCM1) and metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) have been implicated in the regulation of PGF gene expression through regulatory elements upstream and downstream of the PGF transcription start site, respectively. Here, we clarified the mechanism underlying placenta-specific PGF expression. We demonstrate that GCM1 up-regulates PGF expression through three downstream GCM1-binding sites (GBSs) but not a previously reported upstream GBS. Interestingly, we also found that these downstream GBSs also harbor metal-response elements for MTF1. Surprisingly, however, we observed that MTF1 is unlikely to regulate PGF expression in the placenta because knockdown or overexpression of GCM1, but not MTF1, dramatically decreased PGF expression or reversed the suppression of PGF expression under hypoxia, respectively. We also demonstrate that another transcription factor, Distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3), interacts with the DNA-binding domain and the first transactivation domain of GCM1 and that this interaction inhibits GCM1-mediated PGF expression. Moreover, the GCM1-DLX3 interaction interfered with CREB-binding protein-mediated GCM1 acetylation and activation. In summary, we have identified several GBSs in the PGF promoter that are highly responsive to GCM1, have demonstrated that MTF1 does not significantly regulate PGF expression in placental cells, and provide evidence that DLX3 inhibits GCM1-mediated PGF expression. Our findings revise the mechanism for GCM1- and DLX3-mediated regulation of PGF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ho Chiu
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Ming-Ren Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jie Wang
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan and
| | - Ming-Hon Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hungwen Chen
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan and .,Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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20
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Ohmaru-Nakanishi T, Asanoma K, Fujikawa M, Fujita Y, Yagi H, Onoyama I, Hidaka N, Sonoda K, Kato K. Fibrosis in Preeclamptic Placentas Is Associated with Stromal Fibroblasts Activated by the Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:683-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Nguyen QD, De Falco S, Behar-Cohen F, Lam WC, Li X, Reichhart N, Ricci F, Pluim J, Li WW. Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e1-e9. [PMID: 27874278 PMCID: PMC5811779 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis‐dependent pathologies in the eye and non‐ocular conditions. Animal studies using genetic modification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen‐induced retinopathy, laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role of PGF in pathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF‐specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases and macular oedema remain controversial. Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits both VEGF and PGF may provide superior outcomes in certain patients compared with treatment that inhibits only VEGF. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Laboratory; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-CNR; Naples Italy
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM U1138; UMR_S 1138; Research Center of Cordeliers; Paris Descartes University; UPMC University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Lausanne; Jules Gonin Hospital; Asylum Foundation for the Blind; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Wai-Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun-Yat Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Eye Clinic; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
| | - Federico Ricci
- UOSD Retinal Diseases Foundation PTV ‘Polyclinic Tor Vergata’; Rome Italy
| | | | - William W. Li
- The Angiogenesis Foundation; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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22
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Alahakoon TI, Zhang W, Arbuckle S, Zhang K, Lee V. Reduced angiogenic factor expression in intrauterine fetal growth restriction using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:861-872. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thushari I. Alahakoon
- The University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Westmead Institute for Maternal and Fetal Medicine; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Westmead Institute for Maternal and Fetal Medicine; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Anatomical Pathology; The Children's Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Westmead Institute for Maternal and Fetal Medicine; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Vincent Lee
- The University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Renal Medicine; Westmead Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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23
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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24
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Enhanced HIF2α expression during human trophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast suppresses transcription of placental growth factor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12455. [PMID: 28963486 PMCID: PMC5622029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF), abundantly produced from trophoblasts is involved in placental angiogenesis. The regulatory mechanism of its expression is poorly understood. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are centrally involved in the modulation of cellular function in response to low oxygen conditions. This study aimed to clarify HIF1α and HIF2α expression patterns during cytotrophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast and the impact of any changes on PlGF expression. HIF proteins were induced remarkably under low oxygen condition (2%). HIF1α expression decreased and HIF2α expression increased when syncytialization of cultured cytotrophoblasts is progressed. Those expression changes of HIF proteins in the process of in-vitro syncytialization was congruent with the immunohistochemical findings in preeclamptic placenta as well as uncomplicated placenta. Low oxygen condition was also associated with reduced PlGF production in syncytializing primary cells and BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated HIF2α knockdown in BeWo cells abrogated hypoxia-associated decreases in PlGF secretion; HIF1α silencing had no significant effect on PlGF secretion. In summary, HIF2α, rather than HIF1α, is most affected by reduced oxygen level during syncytialization and increases in HIF2α trigger a reduction of PlGF production. Our findings suggest new and important connections between HIF proteins and PlGF pathways in the regulation of placental angiogenesis.
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25
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Newell LF, Holtan SG, Yates JE, Pereira L, Tyner JW, Burd I, Bagby GC. PlGF enhances TLR-dependent inflammatory responses in human mononuclear phagocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28635072 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) peak during third trimester of pregnancy, a time when women are at increased risk of virus-induced morbidity. We hypothesized PlGF might contribute to an exaggerated inflammatory response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. METHOD OF STUDY Primary human adult and cord blood CD14+ cells were cultured in the presence of TLR ligands and/or PlGF. RESULTS PlGF significantly enhanced the magnitude and duration of TNF messenger RNA and protein production by TLR-7/8-activated monocytes, and increased subsequent production of TNF-independent inflammatory cytokines. This PlGF/TLR effect involved multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and was seen with the majority of TLR agonists. PlGF enhanced phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) in monocytes stimulated with the TLR-7/8 agonist R848, and IKK inhibition completely suppressed the PlGF effect. CONCLUSION PlGF enhances TLR-signaling upstream of IKK and contributes to an exaggerated pathologic pro-inflammatory state in response to activation of maternal and fetal mononuclear phagocytes by specific TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Newell
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jane E Yates
- Northwest Veterans Affairs Cancer Research Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leonardo Pereira
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Development, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grover C Bagby
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Northwest Veterans Affairs Cancer Research Center, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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DLX3 interacts with GCM1 and inhibits its transactivation-stimulating activity in a homeodomain-dependent manner in human trophoblast-derived cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2009. [PMID: 28515447 PMCID: PMC5435702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental transcription factors Distal-less 3 (DLX3) and Glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) have been shown to coordinate the specific regulation of PGF in human trophoblast cell lines. While both factors independently have a positive effect on PGF gene expression, when combined, DLX3 acts as an antagonist to GCM. Despite this understanding, potential mechanisms accounting for this regulatory interaction remain unexplored. We identify physical and functional interactions between specific domains of DLX3 and GCM1 in human trophoblast-derived cells by performing immunoprecipitation and mammalian one hybrid assays. Studies revealed that DLX3 binding reduced the transcriptional activity of GCM1, providing a mechanistic explanation of their functional antagonism in regulating PGF promoter activity. The DLX3 homeodomain (HD) was essential for DLX3-GCM1 interaction, and that the HD together with the DLX3 amino- or carboxyl-terminal domains was required for maximal inhibition of GCM1. Interestingly, a naturally occurring DLX3 mutant that disrupts the carboxyl-terminal domain leading to tricho-dento-osseous syndrome in humans displayed activities indistinguishable from wild type DLX3 in this system. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that DLX3 physically interacts with GCM1 and inhibits its transactivation activity, suggesting that DLX3 and GCM1 may form a complex to functionally regulate placental cell function through modulation of target gene expression.
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Li S, Roberson MS. Dlx3 and GCM-1 functionally coordinate the regulation of placental growth factor in human trophoblast-derived cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2900-2914. [PMID: 27996093 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PGF) is abundantly expressed by trophoblast cells within human placentae and is important for trophoblast development and placental vascularization. Circulating maternal serum levels of PGF are dynamically upregulated across gestation in normal pregnancies, whereas low circulating levels and placental production of PGF have been implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and other gestational diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of regulating PGF expression in the human placenta remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that transcription factors Distal-less 3 (DLX3) and Glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) were both sufficient and required for PGF expression in human trophoblast-derived cells by overexpression and knockdown approaches. Surprisingly, while DLX3 and GCM1 were both positive regulators of PGF, co-overexpression of DLX3 and GCM1 led to an antagonist effect on PGF expression on the endogenous gene and a luciferase reporter. Further, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies identified a novel regulatory element on the PGF promoter mediating both DLX3- and GCM1-dependent PGF expression. This regulatory region was also found to be essential for the basal activity of the PGF promoter. Finally, Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed colocalization of DLX3 and GCM1 at the identified regulatory region on the PGF promoter. Taken together, our studies provide important insights into intrinsic regulation of human placental PGF expression through the functional coordination of DLX3 and GCM1, and are likely to further the understanding of pathogenesis of PGF dysregulation in preeclampsia and other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mark S Roberson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Placental Growth Factor Is Secreted by the Human Endometrium and Has Potential Important Functions during Embryo Development and Implantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163096. [PMID: 27711226 PMCID: PMC5053405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation requires synchronized dialogue between the receptive endometrium and activated blastocyst via locally produced soluble mediators. During the mid-secretory (MS) phase of the menstrual cycle, increased glandular secretion into the uterine lumen provides important mediators that modulate the endometrium and support the conceptus during implantation. Previously we demonstrated the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the human uterus, particularly with respect to embryo implantation. In the current study, proteomic analysis of human uterine lavage fluid identified the presence of placental growth factor (PlGF) a homolog of VEGF, that binds the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1). Analysis of immunostaining for PlGF in human endometrial tissue across the menstrual cycle (from both fertile and infertile women) revealed PlGF was predominantly localised to glandular and luminal epithelial cells, with staining in the decidualising stromal cells surrounding the maternal spiral arteries in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Immunoreactive PlGF was also detected in subpopulations of endometrial leukocytes. Functional studies demonstrated that culturing mouse embryos with recombinant human (rh)PlGF enhanced blastocyst cell number and outgrowth. Furthermore, treatment of human endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) with rhPlGF enhanced EEC adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PlGF is abundant in the human endometrium, and secreted into the uterine lumen where it mediates functional changes in cellular adhesion with important roles in implantation.
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Lecarpentier E, Atallah A, Guibourdenche J, Hebert-Schuster M, Vieillefosse S, Chissey A, Haddad B, Pidoux G, Evain-Brion D, Barakat A, Fournier T, Tsatsaris V. Fluid Shear Stress Promotes Placental Growth Factor Upregulation in Human Syncytiotrophoblast Through the cAMP-PKA Signaling Pathway. Hypertension 2016; 68:1438-1446. [PMID: 27698065 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the human syncytiotrophoblast and its biological functions have never been studied. During pregnancy, the syncytiotrophoblast is the main source of placental growth factor (PlGF), a proangiogenic factor involved in the placental angiogenesis and the vascular adaptation to pregnancy. The role of FSS in regulating PlGF expression in syncytiotrophoblasts is unknown. We investigated the impact of FSS on the production and secretion of the PlGF by the human syncytiotrophoblasts in primary cell culture. Laminar and continuous FSS (1 dyn cm-2) was applied to human syncytiotrophoblasts cultured in a parallel-plate flow chambers. Secreted levels of PlGF, sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosin kinase-1), and prostaglandin E2 were tested by immunologic assay. PlGF levels of mRNA and intracellular protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Intracellular cAMP levels were examined by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer cAMP accumulation assay. Production of cAMP and PlGF secretion was significantly increased in FSS conditions compared with static conditions. Western blot analysis of cell extracts exposed to FSS showed an increased phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates and cAMP response element-binding protein on serine 133. FSS-induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein and upregulation of PlGF were prevented by inhibition of protein kinase A with H89 (3 μmol/L). FSS also triggers intracellular calcium flux, which increases the synthesis and release of prostaglandin E2. The enhanced intracellular cAMP in FSS conditions was blocked by COX1/COX2 (cyclooxygenase) inhibitors, suggesting that the increase in prostaglandin E2 production could activate the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. FSS activates the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway leading to upregulation of PlGF in human syncytiotrophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lecarpentier
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.).
| | - Anthony Atallah
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Marylise Hebert-Schuster
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Sarah Vieillefosse
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Audrey Chissey
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Bassam Haddad
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Guillaume Pidoux
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Daniele Evain-Brion
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Abdul Barakat
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Thierry Fournier
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- From the INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., B.H., G.P., T.F., V.T.); PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (E.L., A.A., J.G., M.H.-S., S.V., A.C., T.F., V.T.); Port Royal Maternity, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (E.L., V.T.); DHU Risques et grossesse, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., T.F., V.T.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (E.L., J.G., D.E.-B., T.F., V.T.); Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France (A.B.); SDBA Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (M.H.-S.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, CRC CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, France (B.H.); Service d'hormonologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, France (J.G.); and INSERM, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.P.)
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Jayasena C, Abbara A, Comninos A, Narayanaswamy S, Gonzalez Maffe J, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Oldham J, Lee T, Sarang Z, Malik Z, Dhanjal M, Williamson C, Regan L, Bloom S, Dhillo W. Novel circulating placental markers prokineticin-1, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin and placental growth factor and association with late miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2681-2688. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Expression and Function of Placenta Growth Factor: Implications for Abnormal Placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Aoyama K, Endo T, Saito T, Izumi H, Asakura S, Mori M. Maternal and placental risk factors for light-for-gestational-age births. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:831-6. [PMID: 27006103 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for births of light-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. METHODS A survey was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sapporo Medical University Hospital in Sapporo, Japan from 2013 to 2014. LGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) are defined as having a birthweight below the 10th percentile and between the 10th percentile and 90th percentile for gestational age at birth in the population standard of gestational age, sex, and parity, respectively. An odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for LGA were calculated by analysis using the logistic regression model. RESULTS In total, 307 inpatients (94.2%) participated in the study out of 326 consecutive post-partum inpatients. Among them, 37 infants and 237 infants were classified into the LGA and AGA groups, respectively. As a result of multivariable analysis, prevalence of gestational hypertension (OR = 8.96, 95%CI 1.81-44.35) and the presence of placental infarction (OR = 9.65, 95%CI 1.76-53.01) were significantly associated with an increased risk of LGA. Placentas weighing 510-603 g and ≥604 g were significantly associated with reduced risk of LGA (OR = 0.04, 95%CI 0.01-0.29 and OR = 0.03, 95%CI 0.01-0.32, respectively), and higher placental weights were significantly observed in the trend for reduced LGA risk (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found that the prevalence of gestational hypertension, lower placental weight, and the presence of placental infarctions were all independently associated with the risk of LGA. Placental abnormalities may be etiologically important for LGA risk, though further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisako Izumi
- Department of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Asakura
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mori
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mizuuchi M, Cindrova-Davies T, Olovsson M, Charnock-Jones DS, Burton GJ, Yung HW. Placental endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively regulates transcription of placental growth factor via ATF4 and ATF6β: implications for the pathophysiology of human pregnancy complications. J Pathol 2016; 238:550-61. [PMID: 26648175 PMCID: PMC4784173 DOI: 10.1002/path.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low maternal circulating concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) are one of the hallmarks of human pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (PE). Currently, PlGF is used clinically with other biomarkers to screen for high‐risk cases, although the mechanisms underlying its regulation are largely unknown. Placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been found to be elevated in cases of FGR, and to an even greater extent in early‐onset PE complicated with FGR. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); attenuation of protein translation and a reduction in cell growth and proliferation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of these complications of pregnancy. In this study, we further identified that ER stress regulates release of PlGF. We first observed that down‐regulation of PlGF protein was associated with nuclear localization of ATF4, ATF6α and ATF6β in the syncytiotrophoblast of placentae from PE patients. Transcript analysis showed a decrease of PlGFmRNA, and an increase from genes encoding those UPR transcription factors in placentae from cases of early‐onset PE, but not of late‐onset (>34 weeks) PE, compared to term controls. Further investigations indicated a strong correlation between ATF4 and PlGFmRNA levels only (r = − 0.73, p < 0.05). These results could be recapitulated in trophoblast‐like cells exposed to chemical inducers of ER stress or hypoxia–reoxygenation. The stability of PlGF transcripts was unchanged. The use of small interfering RNA specific for transcription factors in the UPR pathways revealed that ATF4 and ATF6β, but not ATF6α, modulate PlGF transcription. To conclude, ATF4 and ATF6β act synergistically in the negative regulation of PlGFmRNA expression, resulting in reduced PlGF secretion by the trophoblast in response to stress. Therefore, these results further support the targeting of placental ER stress as a potential new therapeutic intervention for these pregnancy complications. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Mizuuchi
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
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Zucchini C, De Sanctis P, Facchini C, Di Donato N, Montanari G, Bertoldo V, Farina A, Curti A, Seracchioli R. Performance of Circulating Placental Growth Factor as A Screening Marker for Diagnosis of Ovarian Endometriosis: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:483-9. [PMID: 26985335 PMCID: PMC4793168 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to compare the circulating placental growth
factor (PlGF) concentration in women with and without endometrioma to verify the
performance of this marker to diagnose the disease. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, thirteen women with histological diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis were compared with women without endometriosis disease.
PlGF plasma levels of endometriotic patients and controls were investigated using a fluorescence immunoassay technique. Results PlGF showed a direct correlation with body mass index (BMI) only in the
control group (P=0.013). After adjustment for BMI values, PlGF median value in
endometriosis group (14.7 pg/mL) resulted higher than in control group (13.8 pg/
mL, P=0.004). Conclusion PlGF is a promising peripheral blood marker that can discriminate between
patients with and without ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola De Sanctis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Facchini
- Pelvic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadine Di Donato
- Pelvic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Montanari
- Pelvic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertoldo
- Pelvic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery DIMEC, Division of Prenatal Medicine, St. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Curti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery DIMEC, Division of Prenatal Medicine, St. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Pelvic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Li Y, Gao R, Liu X, Chen X, Liao X, Geng Y, Ding Y, Wang Y, He J. Folate Deficiency Could Restrain Decidual Angiogenesis in Pregnant Mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:6425-45. [PMID: 26247969 PMCID: PMC4555123 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of birth defects induced by folate deficiency was focused on mainly in fetal development. Little is known about the effect of folate deficiency on the maternal uterus, especially on decidual angiogenesis after implantation which establishes vessel networks to support embryo development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of folate deficiency on decidual angiogenesis. Serum folate levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. The status of decidual angiogenesis was examined by cluster designation 34 (CD34) immunohistochemistry and the expression of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PLGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were also tested. Serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), and estradiol (E2) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The folate-deficient mice had a lower folate level and a higher Hcy level. Folate deficiency restrained decidual angiogenesis with significant abnormalities in vascular density and the enlargement and elongation of the vascular sinus. It also showed a reduction in the expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR2, and PLGF. In addition, the serum levels of P4, E2, LH, and PRL were reduced in folate-deficient mice, and the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) were abnormal. These results indicated that folate deficiency could impaire decidual angiogenesis and it may be related to the vasculotoxic properties of Hcy and the imbalance of the reproductive hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xinggui Liao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Yliniemi A, Makikallio K, Korpimaki T, Kouru H, Marttala J, Ryynanen M. Combination of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PlGF, sTNFR1, and Maternal Characteristics in Prediction of Early-onset Preeclampsia. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2015; 9:13-20. [PMID: 26106266 PMCID: PMC4469033 DOI: 10.4137/cmrh.s21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of first-trimester markers-pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), free human chorionic gonadotropin β (fhCGβ), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) together with maternal characteristics (MC) for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE). METHODS During 2005-2010, the abovementioned biomarkers were analyzed with logistic regression analysis in 64 EOPE and 752 control subjects to determine whether these biomarkers separately and in combination with MC would predict development of EOPE. RESULTS PAPPA, fhCGβ, and PlGF levels were lower, whereas AFP and sTNFR1 levels were higher in mothers with EOPE compared to controls. The combination of all markers with MC (age, weight, and smoking status) detected 48% of the mothers with EOPE, with a 10% false-positive rate (FPR). CONCLUSIONS First-trimester maternal serum levels of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PlGF, and sTNFR1, together with MC, are predictive of development of subsequent EOPE. These markers, along with MC, form a suitable panel for predicting EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yliniemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaarin Makikallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Jaana Marttala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. ; Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Markku Ryynanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Byrne TJ. A "cure" for preeclampsia: Improving neonatal outcomes by overcoming excess fetal placental vascular resistance. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:311-9. [PMID: 26105573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
From a broad perspective there are only three arterial systems that respond to relative hypoxia with vasoconstriction. They are the placental, the pulmonic and the renal vascular beds. The renal system's adaptation to hypoxia is markedly different from the other two circulatory beds and will not be further considered here. Regional vasoconstriction is adaptive in the placenta and lung because it redirects red blood cells from areas of relative hypoxia to more oxygenated areas thereby maximizing oxygen uptake for a given cardiac output. The fetal placental and pulmonary vascular systems are unique because their smooth muscle cells have a unique and possibly identical potassium channel that responds to hypoxia by closing, thereby depolarizing the cell membrane allowing calcium ion influx and muscle contraction. It may be that a variety of initial causes of temporary or local placental hypoxia initiate a cascade of first fetal placental then maternal vasoconstriction and endothelial activation leading to the clinical syndrome we call preeclampsia. The response cascades seen in preeclampsia, which for purposes of this article I will abbreviate as (PECL), after development of widespread vasoconstriction, will also be seen to be identical or at least parallel in pulmonary hypertension (PAH). This means that some or all of the pharmacotherapies presently used, tested or considered in early PAH may also have a therapeutic effect in PECL by reducing fetal placental arterial resistance thereby increasing fetal placental flow. This would allow increased oxygen and other nutrient uptake and possibly increased fetal cardiac output in the face of reduced fetal cardiac work. This may allow a delay in delivery in which fetuses grow and are better oxygenated in preterm PECL, improving neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Byrne
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Harlem Hospital, 506 Lenox Avenue, New York, NY 10037, USA.
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Chinese herbal medicine for miscarriage affects decidual micro-environment and fetal growth. Placenta 2015; 36:559-66. [PMID: 25771406 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrauterine growth restriction complicates 5-10% of pregnancies. This study aims to test the hypothesis that Chinese herbal formula, JLFC01, affects pregnancy and fetal development by modulating the pro-inflammatory decidual micro-environment. METHODS Human decidua from gestational age-matched elective terminations or incomplete/missed abortion was immunostained using anti-CD68 + anti-CD86 or anti-CD163 antibodies. qRT-PCR and Luminex assay measured the effects of JLFC01 on IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced cytokine expression in first trimester decidual cells and on an established spontaneous abortion/intrauterine growth restriction (SA/IUGR)-prone mouse placentae. The effect of JLFC01 on human endometrial endothelial cell angiogenesis was evaluated by average area, length and numbers of branching points of tube formation. Food intake, litter size, fetal weight, placental weight and resorption rate were recorded in SA/IUGR-prone mouse treated with JLFC01. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry assessed the expression of mouse placental IGF-I and IGF-IR. RESULTS In spontaneous abortion, numbers of decidual macrophages expressing CD86 and CD163 are increased and decreased, respectively. JLFC01 reduces IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced GM-CSF, M-CSF, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), CCL5 and IL-8 production in first trimester decidual cells. JLFC01 suppresses the activity of IL-1β- or TNF-α-treated first trimester decidual cells in enhancing macrophage-inhibited angiogenesis. In SA/IUGR-prone mice, JLFC01 increases maternal food intake, litter size, fetal and placental weight, and reduces fetal resorption rate. JLFC01 induces IGF-I and IGF-IR expression and inhibits M-CSF, CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CCL3 and G-CSF expression in the placentae. DISCUSSION JLFC01 improves gestation by inhibiting decidual inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis and promoting fetal growth.
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Glucose, insulin, and oxygen interplay in placental hypervascularisation in diabetes mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:145846. [PMID: 25258707 PMCID: PMC4167234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The placental vasculature rapidly expands during the course of pregnancy in order to sustain the growing needs of the fetus. Angiogenesis and vascular growth are stimulated and regulated by a variety of growth factors expressed in the placenta or present in the fetal circulation. Like in tumors, hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis because of its ability to stimulate expression of various proangiogenic factors. Chronic fetal hypoxia is often found in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes as a result of fetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia. Both are associated with altered levels of hormones, growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines, which may act in a proangiogenic manner and, hence, affect placental angiogenesis and vascular development. Indeed, the placenta in diabetes is characterized by hypervascularisation, demonstrating high placental plasticity in response to diabetic metabolic derangements. This review describes the major regulators of placental angiogenesis and how the diabetic environment in utero alters their expression. In the light of hypervascularized diabetic placenta, the focus was placed on proangiogenic factors.
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Kang MC, Park SJ, Kim HJ, Lee J, Yu DH, Bae KB, Ji YR, Park SJ, Jeong J, Jang WY, Kim JH, Choi MS, Lee DS, Lee HS, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim MO, Park G, Choo YS, Cho JY, Ryoo ZY. Gestational loss and growth restriction by angiogenic defects in placental growth factor transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2276-82. [PMID: 25147341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an important biological process during development, reproduction, and in immune responses. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of vascular endothelial growth factor that is critical for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing PlGF in specifically T cells using the human CD2-promoter to investigate the effects of PlGF overexpression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Transgenic mice were difficult to obtain owing to high lethality; for this reason, we investigated why gestational loss occurred in these transgenic mice. Here, we report that placenta detachment and inhibition of angiogenesis occurred in PlGF transgenic mice during the gestational period. Moreover, even when transgenic mice were born, their growth was restricted. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, PlGF overexpression prevents angiogenesis by inhibiting Braf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, and downregulation of HIF-1α in the mouse placenta. Furthermore, it affected regulatory T cells, which are important for maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Seo Jin Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hei Jung Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jinhee Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Dong Hoon Yu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Ki Beom Bae
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Young Rae Ji
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Si Jun Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jain Jeong
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Woo Young Jang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jung-Hak Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Yeon Sik Choo
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.).
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Arroyo J, Price M, Straszewski-Chavez S, Torry RJ, Mor G, Torry DS. XIAP protein is induced by placenta growth factor (PLGF) and decreased during preeclampsia in trophoblast cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:263-73. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.927540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ribatti D. The discovery of angiogenic growth factors: the contribution of Italian scientists. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:8. [PMID: 24690161 PMCID: PMC3974417 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated, under both physiological and pathological conditions, by numerous “non-classic” pro-angiogenic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF), and “non-classic” pro-angiogenic factors, including granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO). In the context of the most important discoveries in this field, this review article summarizes the important role played by the Italian scientists in the course of the last twenty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico - Piazza G, Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Cağlar M, Yavuzcan A, Göksu M, Alkan Bulbul G, Sıtkı Isenlik B, Ustün Y, Aydin S, Kumru S. Decorin: a possible marker for fetal growth restriction. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:141-4. [PMID: 24256371 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.860125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare decorin (DCN) levels between pregnancies complicated by idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) and uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship between DCN levels and clinical parameters. The study population consisted of two groups: control group consisted of 13 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Study group consisted of 14 singleton pregnancies complicated by idiopathic FGR who were admitted to the hospital for delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal and fetal DCN levels were measured. Color Doppler flow assessments were performed. Relationship between DCN levels and clinical parameters was determined. Maternal DCN serum levels were significantly higher in complicated pregnancies by idiopathic FGR (p = 0.01). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between maternal DCN serum levels and neonatal birth weight (r = -0.0506; p = 0.007). There was a significant correlation between umbilical artery (UA) DCN levels and UA S/D ratio (r = 0.512; p = 0.006) and UA RI (r = 0.405; p = 0.036). The risk of high DCN maternal serum levels (>7986.6 pg/mL) in pregnancy complicated by FGR was 8.25 times higher (RR = 8.25; 95% CI, 1.4-46.8). The results of our study showed that the presence of increased DCN levels in women with FGR could contribute to pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Cağlar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce , Turkey
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Borbely AU, Sandri S, Fernandes IR, Prado KM, Cardoso EC, Correa-Silva S, Albuquerque R, Knöfler M, Beltrão-Braga P, Campa A, Bevilacqua E. The term basal plate of the human placenta as a source of functional extravillous trophoblast cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24467708 PMCID: PMC3909387 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells are of pivotal importance in human embryo implantation and homeostasis of the maternal fetal interface. Invasion of the endometrium by EVT contributes to placental anchorage, spiral artery remodeling, immunological defense, tolerogenic responses, and several collaborative cross talks involved in establishing and maintaining a successful pregnancy. We report here an improved protocol for the isolation of fully differentiated EVT cells from the basal plate of the human term placenta. METHODS The basal plate was carefully dissected from the villous tissue and the amniochorion membrane prior to enzymatic digestion. Term basal EVT cells were isolated using a 30 and 60% Percoll gradient. A panel of markers and characteristics of the isolated cells were used to confirm the specificity and efficiency of the method so that their potential as an investigative tool for placental research could be ascertained. RESULTS Isolated cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin-7 (CK-7), placental growth factor, placental alkaline phosphatase, human leukocyte antigen G1 (HLA-G1), and α1 and α5 integrins, similarly to the EVT markers from first trimester placental villi. Around 95% of the isolated cells labeled positively for CK-7 and 82% for HLA-G1. No significant change in viability was observed during 48 h of EVT culture as indicated by propidium iodide incorporation and trypan blue test exclusion. Genes for metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP9 (positive regulators of trophoblast invasiveness) were expressed up to 48 h of culturing, as also the gelatinolytic activity of the isolated cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, which inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of first-trimester EVT cells, also reduced invasion of isolated term EVT cells in transwell assays, whereas epidermal growth factor was a positive modulator. CONCLUSIONS Term basal plate may be a viable source of functional EVT cells that is an alternative to villous explant-derived EVT cells and cell lines. Isolated term EVT cells may be particularly useful in investigation of the role of trophoblast cells in pathological gestations, in which the precise regulation and interactive ability of extravillous trophoblast has been impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre U Borbely
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Isabella R Fernandes
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Karen M Prado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Cardoso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Correa-Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Patricia Beltrão-Braga
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Ramma W, Ahmed A. Therapeutic potential of statins and the induction of heme oxygenase-1 in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 101-102:153-160. [PMID: 24503248 PMCID: PMC4003533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (Hmox) is an endogenous system that offers protection against placental cytotoxic damage associated with preeclampsia. The Hmox1/carbon monoxide (CO) pathway inhibits soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble Endoglin (sEng). More importantly, statins induce Hmox1 and suppress the release of sFlt-1 and sEng; thus, statins and Hmox1 activators are potential novel therapeutic agents for treating preeclampsia. The contribution of the Hmox system to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia has been further indicated by the incidence of preeclampsia being reduced by a third in smokers, who had reduced levels of circulating sFlt-1. Interestingly, preeclamptic women exhale less CO compared with women with healthy pregnancies. Hmox1 is reduced prior to the increase in sFlt-1 as Hmox1 mRNA expression in the trophoblast is decreased in the first trimester in women who go on to develop preeclampsia. Induction of Hmox1 or exposure to CO or bilirubin has been shown to inhibit the release of sFlt-1 and sEng in animal models of preeclampsia. The functional benefit of statins and Hmox1 induction in women with preeclampsia is valid not only because they inhibit sFlt-1 release, but also because statins and Hmox1 are associated with anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. The StAmP trial is the first randomized control trial (RCT) evaluating the use of pravastatin to ameliorate severe preeclampsia. This proof-of-concept study will pave the way for future global RCT, the success of which will greatly contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG4 and MDG5) and offering an affordable and easily accessible therapy for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Ramma
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, England, United Kingdom
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George EM, Granger JP. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:557-566. [PMID: 21170149 DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, characterized by new-onset gestational hypertension and proteinuria, is a common and serious complication of pregnancy. Evidence from both animal and human studies has implicated placental ischemia and hypoxia as a central causative factor in the etiology of the disorder. The ischemic placenta in turn initiates a cascade of secondary effector mechanisms, including altered proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factor balance, increase in maternal oxidative stress and endothelial and immunological dysfunction. The full elucidation of these mechanisms will hopefully lead to a more complete understanding of the etiology of preeclampsia and lead to successful therapeutic intervention through the targeted disruption of new and novel pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Giordano G, Febbraro A, Venditti M, Campidoglio S, Olivieri N, Raieta K, Parcesepe P, Imbriani GC, Remo A, Pancione M. Targeting angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment in metastatic colorectal cancer: role of aflibercept. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:526178. [PMID: 25136356 PMCID: PMC4130202 DOI: 10.1155/2014/526178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, we have progressively observed an improvement in therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment with a progressive prolongation of survival. mCRC prognosis still remains poor with low percentage of 5-year survival. Targeted agents have improved results obtained with standard chemotherapy. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer growth, proliferation, and metastasization and it has been investigated as a potential target for mCRC treatment. Accordingly, novel antiangiogenic targeted agents bevacizumab, regorafenib, and aflibercept have been approved for mCRC treatment as the result of several phase III randomized trials. The development of a tumor permissive microenvironment via the aberrant expression by tumor cells of paracrine factors alters the tumor-stroma interactions inducing an expansion of proangiogenic signals. Recently, the VELOUR study showed that addition of aflibercept to FOLFIRI regimen as a second-line therapy for mCRC improved significantly OS, PFS, and RR. This molecule represents a valid second-line therapeutic option and its peculiar ability to interfere with placental growth factor (PlGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) axis makes it effective in targeting angiogenesis, inflammatory cells and in overcoming resistances to anti-angiogenic first-line treatment. Here, we discuss about Aflibercept peculiar ability to interfere with tumor microenvironment and angiogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Giordano
- 1Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù Fatebenefratelli, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- *Guido Giordano: and
| | - Antonio Febbraro
- 1Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù Fatebenefratelli, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Michele Venditti
- 1Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù Fatebenefratelli, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Campidoglio
- 1Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù Fatebenefratelli, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzio Olivieri
- 2Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Katia Raieta
- 3Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Pietro Parcesepe
- 4Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Pathology, “G.B. Rossi” Hospital, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giusy Carmen Imbriani
- 5Fifth Division of General Surgery and Special Surgical Techniques, Second University of Studies of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- 6Department of Pathology, “Mater Salutis” Hospital, 37045 Legnago, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- 3Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- *Massimo Pancione:
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Myatt L, Clifton RG, Roberts JM, Spong CY, Wapner RJ, Thorp JM, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Sciscione A, Tolosa JE, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Anderson GD. Can changes in angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy predict development of pre-eclampsia in a low-risk nulliparous patient population? BJOG 2013; 120:1183-91. [PMID: 23331974 PMCID: PMC4104359 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if change in maternal angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters predicts pre-eclampsia in low-risk nulliparous women. DESIGN A nested case-control study of change in maternal plasma soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and placenta growth factor (PlGF). We studied 158 pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and 468 normotensive nonproteinuric controls. SETTING A multicentre study in 16 academic medical centres in the USA. POPULATION Low-risk nulliparous women. METHODS Luminex assays for PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng performed on maternal EDTA plasma collected at 9-12, 15-18 and 23-26 weeks of gestation. Rate of change of analyte between first and either early or late second trimester was calculated with and without adjustment for baseline clinical characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng. RESULTS Rates of change of PlGF, sEng and sFlt-1 between first and either early or late second trimesters were significantly different in women who developed pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia or early-onset pre-eclampsia compared with women who remained normotensive. Inclusion of clinical characteristics (race, body mass index and blood pressure at entry) increased sensitivity for detecting severe and particularly early-onset pre-eclampsia but not pre-eclampsia overall. Receiver operating characteristics curves for change from first to early second trimester in sEng, PlGF and sFlt-1 with clinical characteristics had areas under the curve of 0.88, 0.84 and 0.86, respectively, and for early-onset pre-eclampsia with sensitivities of 88% (95% CI 64-99), 77% (95% CI 50-93) and 77% (95% CI 50-93) for 80% specificity, respectively. Similar results were seen in the change from first to late second trimester. CONCLUSION Change in angiogenic biomarkers between first and early second trimester combined with clinical characteristics has strong utility for predicting early-onset pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - RG Clifton
- The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC
| | - JM Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - CY Spong
- the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - JM Thorp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - BM Mercer
- Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - SM Ramin
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - JE Tolosa
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - G Saade
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - GD Anderson
- University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, TX
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Cui XB, Guo X, Chen SY. Response gene to complement 32 deficiency causes impaired placental angiogenesis in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:632-9. [PMID: 23695833 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this study are to determine the role of response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) in the placental angiogenesis during pregnancy and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS RGC-32-deficient (RGC32(-/-)) mice were generated from C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells with deletion of exon 2 and 3 of the RGC-32 gene. Most of the RGC32(-/-) mice can survive. However, their body sizes were much smaller compared with their wild-type littermates when they were born. By examining the embryo development and placentas at 16.5 days post-coitum, we found that RGC32(-/-) embryos and foetal placentas were significantly smaller than the wild-type. Further analysis showed that the labyrinth zone of RGC32(-/-) placenta was smaller with defective angiogenesis. Mechanistically, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were significantly down-regulated in RGC32(-/-) placentas, suggesting that VEGFR2 and PlGF may mediate RGC-32 function in placental angiogenesis. Indeed, knockdown of RGC-32 by shRNA inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation while blocking VEGFR2 expression. RGC-32 appeared to regulate VEGFR2 expression via activation of NF-kB. Moreover, RGC-32 regulated trophoblasts proliferation via control of PlGF expression. CONCLUSION Absence of RGC-32 caused foetal growth restriction through interrupting the placental angiogenesis, which was due to the decrease in VEGFR2 expression through the NF-kB-dependent pathway in endothelial cells and PlGF expression in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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Semczuk M, Borczynska A, Bialas M, Rozwadowska N, Semczuk-Sikora A, Malcher A, Kurpisz M. Expression of genes coding for proangiogenic factors and their receptors in human placenta complicated by preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:133-8. [PMID: 23719118 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of genes coding for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) as well as their receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2/KDR) in the placentae of patients with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Tissue samples were collected from placentae of women with PE (n=31) and IUGR syndrome (n=25) as well as of healthy control women (n=31). Total RNA was extracted and purified, mRNA reversely transcribed, and amplified using real-time PCR. Expression of the examined genes was normalized to β-actin. Higher levels of PlGF (p<0.001) and Flt-1 (p<0.05) transcription were found in PE placentae compared to normal ones. A positive correlation between PlGF and Flt-1 expression was revealed in the PE patients. In conclusion, the presented data indicate the upregulation of both PlGF and Flt-1 in placentae of women with PE, which could be induced by a pathological process possibly due to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Semczuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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