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Nicholls DA, Vieira A. Physiotherapy, movement, and action. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:2520-2538. [PMID: 35854424 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2095954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Movement has always been central to physiotherapy practice and theory. But physiotherapists have largely focused on forms of human bodily movement governed by the neuro-mechanical body system in illness or injury. Many other forms of movement exist though, and we argue here that the exploration of these other movements might give physiotherapists new language, concepts, and tools, to guide its adaptation to forms of healthcare that are becoming increasingly complex, diverse, and inclusive. Drawing on Hannah Arendt's concept of vita activa (or "active life"), we examine how physiotherapists have traditionally captured and defined movement. Critiquing past practices for over-emphasizing what Arendt called labor, and work, we suggest that an approach governed by her concept of action, might offer physiotherapists a way to give movement greater significance. We explore what active life might mean for a revised approach to movement, and highlight examples of vita activa already emerging in physiotherapy. We close the paper by calling for a reevaluation of what movement means for the profession and its clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nicholls
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, New Zealand
| | - Adriane Vieira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Jardim Botânico, Brazil
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2
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Caston S, Greenfield B, Piemonte N, Jensen G. Turning toward suffering: Rethinking the patient- clinician relationship in physical therapy practice. Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37916508 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2272844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this professional theoretical article, the authors argue that patient care should be centered on connection and that authentically turning toward suffering necessitates an approach to care that transcends medicine's traditional focus on cure and physical restoration and differentiates between pathology and disability. The meaning of illness and suffering for those who have experienced life-changing injuries or illness is explored. Strategies for approaching the lifeworld of these individuals are discussed using the concepts of phenomenology and embodiment, rooted in the work of philosophers from the phenomenological tradition. The authors also propose an approach to patient care offering a case-based example based on postmodernist concepts that elevate connection, relationship, and interdependency above the traditional focus of restoring normality and physical independence for individuals with disabilities. Traditional assumptions about quality of life, illness, and disability are called into question by focusing on the fluidity of being and disability identity, which serves to destabilize static, binary conceptions of individuals as either healthy or ill, disabled, or able-bodied. A postmodern lens invites healthcare practitioners to envision themselves as part of an assemblage that may promote a more expansive view of the relationship between patient and healthcare practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Caston
- Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce Greenfield
- Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Piemonte
- Department of Medical Humanities, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gail Jensen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA
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3
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Egilson SÞ, Jónasdóttir SK. Drawing on critical disability and universal design perspectives within occupational therapy. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1102-1112. [PMID: 37347800 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2225755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical perspectives which focus on socio-political influences on occupation have gained increased attention within the occupational therapy profession. Critical disability studies (CDS) question prevailing assumptions about disability and how disabling ideologies and practices are perpetuated in society. Universal Design (UD) is a design approach that aims to operationalise issues of inclusion and justice. AIM To identify and discuss how the tenets of CDS and UD can contribute to occupational therapy practice and research. METHODS AND RESULTS Drawing on the writings of leading scholars within CDS, UD and occupational therapy, we demonstrate the intertwined barriers faced by disabled children, youth, and adults who have participated in our studies and provide ideas on how practice can be guided by the tenets of CDS and UD to promote social equity. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating CDS and UD perspectives in occupational therapy practice and research requires a change in mindset and ways of working. Occupational therapy knowledge needs to be expanded to scrutinise disabling hindrances hidden within social and structural spaces, and implemented in services. We recommend working with disability communities to raise awareness and combat disabling barriers at various level of society, as mandated by policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snæfríður Þóra Egilson
- Centre of Disability Studies, School of Social Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sigrún Kristín Jónasdóttir
- Department of Occupational therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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4
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Nicholls DA, Ahlsen B, Bjorbækmo W, Dahl-Michelsen T, Höppner H, Rajala AI, Richter R, Hansen LS, Sudmann T, Sviland R, Maric F. Critical physiotherapy: a ten-year retrospective. Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37688439 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2252524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Critical physiotherapy has been a rapidly expanding field over the last decade and could now justifiably be called a professional sub-discipline. In this paper we define three different but somewhat interconnected critical positions that have emerged over the last decade that share a critique of physiotherapy's historical approach to health and illness, while also diverging in the possibilities for new forms of practice and thinking. These three positions broadly align with three distinctive philosophies: approaches that emphasize lived experience, social theory, and a range of philosophies increasingly referred to as the "posts". In this paper we discuss the origins of these approaches, exploring the ways they critique contemporary physiotherapy thinking and practice. We offer an overview of the key principles of each approach and, for each in turn, suggest readings from key authors. We conclude each section by discussing the limits of these various approaches, but also indicate ways in which they might inform future thinking and practice. We end the paper by arguing that the various approaches that now fall under the rubric of critical physiotherapy represent some of the most exciting and opportune ways we might (re)think the future for the physiotherapy profession and the physical therapies more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nicholls
- School of Clinical Sciences, A-12, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Birgitte Ahlsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Bjorbækmo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Dahl-Michelsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Höppner
- Interprofessional Health Care, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Ilona Rajala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Robert Richter
- Hochschule Furtwangen, Studienzentrum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louise Søgaard Hansen
- Department for People and Technology, Centre for Health Promotion Research, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tobba Sudmann
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Sviland
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Filip Maric
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Kayes NM, Papadimitriou C. Reflecting on challenges and opportunities for the practice of person-centred rehabilitation. Clin Rehabil 2023:2692155231152970. [PMID: 36726297 DOI: 10.1177/02692155231152970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) reflect on challenges to the practice of person-centred rehabilitation; and (2) propose opportunities for the development of person-centred rehabilitation. CHALLENGES Person-centred practice has received widespread endorsement across healthcare settings and is understood to be an important, positive approach in rehabilitation. However, the rhetoric of this approach does not always translate meaningfully into practice. Emphasis on patient choice, patient involvement in decision making, and increasing patient capacity for self-management have become a proxy for person-centred rehabilitation in lieu of a more fundamental shift in practice and healthcare structures. System (e.g. biomedical orientation), organisational (e.g. key performance indicators) and professional (e.g. identity as expert) factors compete with person-centred rehabilitation. OPPORTUNITIES Four key recommendations for the development of person-centred rehabilitation are proposed including to: (1) develop a principles-based approach to person-centred rehabilitation; (2) move away from the dichotomy of person-centred (or not) rehabilitation; (3) build person-centred cultures of care in rehabilitation; and (4) learn from diverse perspectives of person-centred rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Fixed assumptions about what constitutes person-centred rehabilitation may limit our ability to respond to the needs of persons and families. Embedding person-centred ways of working is challenging due to the competing drivers and interests of healthcare systems and organisations. A principles-based approach, enabled by person-centred cultures of care, may achieve the aspirations of person-centred rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Kayes
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, 1410Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Dhillon S, Stroinska M, Moll S, Solomon P. Texts influencing the accommodation process of students with disabilities in professional rehabilitation programs: an analysis of discourse. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:176-184. [PMID: 34927519 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2017027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Students with disabilities have lower enrollment and higher attrition than their non-disabled peers. They identify negative attitudes from educators in their accommodation experiences within professional programs, such as occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Educators in these accredited programs must address a myriad of requirements through curriculum delivery. The documents or "texts" containing program requirements include discourses or dominant understandings of reality. The purpose of this study is to identify these discourses and the resulting positions of educators, to better understand the tensions in accommodating students with disabilities. METHODS A critical discourse analysis study was conducted. Key informants and inclusion criteria led to the collection of 9 texts, which were subsequently analyzed using Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional conception of discourse. RESULTS Three discourses were identified. "Rights and responsibilities" was the most salient discourse, followed by "normative assumptions" and then "inclusion and equity." The associated educator positions are "navigator," "gatekeeper" and "advocate," respectively. CONCLUSIONS The discourses and resulting educator positions are varied and in conflict with one another. There is a potential for change in the social practices related to accommodating students with disabilities. However, these changes need to be conscious and deliberate to ensure inclusivity within the occupational therapy and physiotherapy professions.Implications for RehabilitationCritical discourse analysis is a methodology that can raise awareness of implicit assumptions embedded in texts that reflect and potentially perpetuate inequities and power imbalances.Conflicting discourses in the accommodation process provide a valuable opportunity for educators to critically reflect on personal and professional values and beliefs.Critical reflection on unconscious bias while writing policies and practices could ensure a more diverse pool of applicants for professional programs, thereby enriching rehabilitation professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaminder Dhillon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Magda Stroinska
- Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sandra Moll
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Patricia Solomon
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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7
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The Lived Experience of Interdependence: Support Worker Relationships and Implications for Wider Rehabilitation. BRAIN IMPAIR 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2021.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Engaging in a meaningful life where one can exercise autonomy has been proposed as a key aim of rehabilitation. Influenced by a neoliberal worldview, this has traditionally been characterised by a pursuit towards individual functional independence in which one completes tasks and activities unassisted. However for many persons, individual functional independence may not be a realistic, prioritised or beneficial goal. Many individuals must learn to work with support workers to exercise choice and control. Such relationships extend beyond a transactional nature and involve many subtle characteristics. In this article, I draw on my lived experience of partnering with support workers to illustrate the complexity of such relationships and how they can enable interdependence to serve as a vehicle to self-determination. I finish with some ideas about what rehabilitation can do to recognise the important role human connections play in facilitating interdependence. Understanding the nature of these relationships is necessary to provide services which value interdependence, supporting people to pursue a meaningful life following impairment.
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8
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Gibson BE, Fadyl JK, Terry G, Waterworth K, Mosleh D, Kayes NM. A posthuman decentring of person-centred care. HEALTH SOCIOLOGY REVIEW : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEALTH SECTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2021; 30:292-307. [PMID: 34506255 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1975555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine person-centred care through a Deleuzian posthuman lens with the aim of exploring what becomes possible when the concepts of both person and care are de-centred. We do so through a consideration of the sets of relations that produce 'the client' in health care contexts. Our analysis maps particular entangled material-semiotic forces producing 'M/michael', a young man with a diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, within a rehabilitation clinic. Drawing on Deleuzian notions of assemblage, affect, and becoming we explore 'person-care' as an active production that dynamically enacts persons-as-clients through clinical arrangements. Persons are thus reconceptualised in terms of locally produced subject positions and their care relations, rather than pre-existing beings who can be 'centred' within health services. Paradoxically, by de-centring persons and care, we work to conjure ways to strengthen the aspirations of person centredness to humanise health practices. In doing so, we consider different possibilities for re-imagining clinical work and contribute to debates regarding how healthcare conceptualises and addresses disability, health, and wellbeing. We suggest that such posthuman analyses can open up new ways of understanding and re/forming healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Gibson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto and Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna K Fadyl
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Terry
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Waterworth
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Donya Mosleh
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola M Kayes
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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9
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Gorman-Badar D. Particularizing an Internal Morality of Physical Therapy. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6145898. [PMID: 33611599 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
While the American Physical Therapy Association has upheld a code of ethics since 1935, the philosophical underpinnings of physical therapist practice have yet to be robustly explicated. Theoretical work in the field of philosophy of medicine can be engaged to study physical therapist practice. Modifying the phenomenological and teleological framework of Edmund Pellegrino, a physician and prominent bioethicist, the purpose of this theoretical paper is to particularize Pellegrino's philosophy of medicine to construct an internal morality of physical therapy. Acknowledging that the internal morality of health care professions is founded in the relationship between a patient and a health care professional, this paper analyzes the nature and telos, or end, of physical therapy through 3 phenomena of physical therapy-the fact of disability, the act of profession, and the act of physical therapy. This paper claims that, rather than medicine's clinical truth of a good treatment decision, physical therapy's clinical truth is a good process that capacitates patients. This relational approach to an internal morality robustly underpins a philosophy and ethics of physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Gorman-Badar
- St. Louis University - Center for Health Care Ethics, St Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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10
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Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity among University Students with Physical Disability-A Qualitative Study in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020464. [PMID: 33435527 PMCID: PMC7826548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper qualitatively examines environmental factors operating as barriers and/or facilitators to participation in physical activity (PA) of people with physical disabilities. Interview data were collected from 27 Spanish university students through the innovative method of two-on-one interviews. Thereafter, data were subject to a flexible thematic analysis. Three themes were constructed: associations; PA practice spaces; and nonhumans. Concepts from different theories were used to generate meaningful interpretations around each theme. Drawing on our results, we offer several reflections and directions. Two key messages can be highlighted. First, environmental barriers and facilitators are context dependent and thus do not precede the circumstances in which they emerge. Second, Spanish universities should work harder to become relevant PA promoting environments for students with physical disability. The knowledge generated in this study is expected to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of programs promoting PA among Spanish university students with physical disability.
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11
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Edwards B, Cameron D, King G, McPherson AC. The potential impact of experiencing social inclusion in recreation for children with and without disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:3469-3478. [PMID: 33406926 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1865465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inclusive recreation programs can have individual and community impacts for children with and without disabilities. However, studies that explore the impact of such programs on children's attitudes are mixed. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of children with and without disabilities on the individual impact of an inclusive recreation program. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study adopted a generic qualitative methodology. Interviews were conducted with participants between the ages of eight and 18 enrolled in the same program and each participant was interviewed twice. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze results. RESULTS 17 participants were recruited for this study, which included nine children without disabilities (CWODs) and eight children with disabilities (CWDs). This study revealed five themes: a) CWODs have limited exposure to people with disabilities; b) CWODs and CWDs' hopes of change; c) CWODs learned how to interact with people with disabilities; d) CWODs reported greater perceived similarity in functional ability and hobbies/interests between themselves and CWDs, and; e) CWODs become more comfortable being around people with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS This study helps broaden understandings of how inclusive experiences in recreation settings impact children with and without disability.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONChildren without disabilities can develop more positive attitudes toward children with disabilities in affective and cognitive domains after participating in an inclusive recreation program.Incorporating inclusive language into program design and implementation may promote positive attitudes toward diversity in recreation settings.Children without disabilities would benefit from more opportunities to interact with children with disabilities in unstructured, inclusive or integrated recreation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brydne Edwards
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Debra Cameron
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gillian King
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Thille P, Abrams T, Gibson BE. Enacting objects and subjects in a children's rehabilitation clinic: Default and shifting ontological politics of muscular dystrophy care. Health (London) 2020; 26:495-511. [PMID: 33135493 DOI: 10.1177/1363459320969783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In health care clinics, problems are constructed through interactions, a choreography of human and non-human actors together enacting matters of concern. Studying the ways in which a body, person, family, or environment is objectified for clinical purposes opens discussion about advantages and disadvantages of different objectification practices, and exploration of creative ways to handle the diversity and tensions that exist. In this analysis, we explored objectifications in a Canadian neuromuscular clinic with young people with muscular dystrophy. This involved a close examination of clinical objectification practices across a series of 27 observed appointments. We identified the routinised clinical assessments, and argue these embed a default orientation to how to intervene in people's lives. In this setting, the routine focused on meeting demands of daily activities while protecting the at-risk-body, and working toward an abstract sense of an independent future for the person/body with muscular dystrophy. But the default could be disrupted; through our analysis of the routine and disruptions, we highlight how contesting visions for the present and future were consequential in ways that might be more than what is anticipated within rehabilitation practice.
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13
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McClure J, Leah C. Is independence enough? Rehabilitation should include autonomy and social engagement to achieve quality of life. Clin Rehabil 2020; 35:3-12. [PMID: 32959679 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520954344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This discussion paper argues that holding independence as the central goal for rehabilitation has limitations that hinder successful outcomes. It shows why autonomy and social engagement should also serve as goals of rehabilitation, in order to achieve quality of life and effective functioning. METHODS The paper reviews problems arising from the over-emphasis on independence in rehabilitation. Although independence is a valuable goal on some tasks, it is sometimes not possible or desirable and is best complimented by autonomy and social engagement. Autonomy recognises that enacting some goals requires the support of other people. Autonomy is thus linked to social engagement (connectivity) in the workplace and personal relationships. The paper applies this framework to motor and cognitive disabilities. RESULTS The inclusion of autonomy and social engagement as goals for rehabilitation addresses the limitations of independence and can serve the unifying aim of enhancing the person's quality of life. These goals apply equally to motor disabilities and the cognitive and behavioural effects of injuries which affect personal and work relationships. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation is likely to be more effective if it aims at a combination of independence, autonomy and social engagement, in service of the goal of a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McClure
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caspian Leah
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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14
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Monforte J, Smith B, Pérez-Samaniego V. 'It's not a part of me, but it is what it is': the struggle of becoming en-wheeled after spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:2447-2453. [PMID: 31868028 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1702725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many people who experience spinal cord injury become long-term wheelchair users. This article addresses the process of becoming en-wheeled through the case example of a disabled man called Patrick. DESIGN An intrinsic case study informed by posthumanist developments was used. Within this design, Patrick and his manual wheelchair were the entangled participants of the inquiry. METHODS Interviews and fieldwork observation with Patrick were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using the posthumanist notion of 'assemblages'. RESULTS The results illuminate Patrick's struggle of negotiating a new embodied selfhood that includes the wheelchair. Patrick engaged in ableist rehabilitation after spinal cord injury to recuperate the capacity to walk and break his connection with the wheelchair. After extensive treatment of his body, he reluctantly assumed his cyborg or posthuman condition. CONCLUSION The analysis and discussion resulted in a theoretical frame that presents the notions of humanist and posthumanist enwheelment as two directions of a continuum. The paper offers a useful tool for understanding and addressing enwheelment plus other cyborgification processes. We advocate for its acceptance into the disability studies and rehabilitation practice repertoire.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONEnwheelment -the process of becoming one with the wheelchair - is relevant to people after SCI (or other impairments).The notions of humanist and posthumanist enwheelment are developed and presented as two ends of a continuum.Rehabilitation workers should be mindful of the complexities of cyborgification to avoid ableism and help people flourishing within and beyond recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Monforte
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Brett Smith
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Víctor Pérez-Samaniego
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Facultat de Ciències de l'Activitat Física i l'Esport, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Svendby R, Romsland GI, Moen K. The language of percentages: ranking bodies, shaping realities, and limiting opportunities. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:382-388. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1390789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rannveig Svendby
- Centre for Gender Research and Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kåre Moen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Gibson BE, King G, Teachman G, Mistry B, Hamdani Y. Assembling activity/setting participation with disabled young people. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2017; 39:497-512. [PMID: 27868201 PMCID: PMC5434907 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation research investigating activity participation has been largely conducted in a realist tradition that under-theorises the relationship between persons, technologies, and socio-material places. In this Canadian study we used a post-critical approach to explore activity/setting participation with 19 young people aged 14 to 23 years with complex communication and/or mobility impairments. Methods included integrated photo-elicitation, interviews, and participant observations of community-based activities. We present our results using the conceptual lens of assemblages to surface how different combinations of bodies, social meanings, and technologies enabled or constrained particular activities. Assemblages were analysed in terms of how they organised what was possible and practical for participants and their families in different contexts. The results illuminate how young people negotiated activity needs and desires in particular 'spacings' each with its own material, temporal, and social constraints and affordances. The focus on assemblages provides a dynamic analysis of how dis/abilities are enacted in and across geotemporal spaces, and avoids a reductive focus on evaluating the accessibility of static environmental features. In doing so the study reveals possible 'lines of flight' for healthcare, rehabilitation, and social care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Gibson
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of Toronto and Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Gillian King
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Gail Teachman
- Centre for Research on Children and FamiliesMcGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Bhavnita Mistry
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Yani Hamdani
- Health Care Access Research and Developmental Disabilities and Underserved Populations ProgramCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
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Seven-Step Framework for Critical Analysis and Its Application in the Field of Physical Therapy. Phys Ther 2017; 97:249-257. [PMID: 28204711 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Critical analysis (or the ability to recognize taken-for-granted assumptions and their effects) is a skill that requires teaching and practice. The purpose of this article is to introduce a framework for critically analyzing assumptions within physical therapy and illustrate its utility through application to 2 examples: a physical therapy clinic logo and an outcome measure for health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This 7-step framework for critical analysis was created for a pilot project to develop reflexivity among senior physical therapist students and further developed through an iterative process of reflecting on its utility for advancing the field of physical therapy. The 7-step framework is an iterative process involving a cascade of 7 steps: (1) name the specific aspect of practice being analyzed, (2) identify the intended purposes of this aspect of practice, (3) uncover the assumptions that support these intended purposes, (4) identify who benefits, (5) identify who is disadvantaged, (6) link these specific ideas to society-level patterns, and (7) conceive of alternatives that mitigate actual or potential harms. It is emphasized that being theoretically critical does not equate to being negative. Rather, the word “critical” is used in the sense of thinking deeply and carefully about the intended and unintended consequences of actions (including common professional practices, ways of speaking, and visual representations) in order to reflect on and mature the field of physical therapy. The purpose of critical analysis is to invite and promote dialogue that assists physical therapist clinicians, researchers, and students to arrive at new insights about the impacts of their day-to-day actions.
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Smart E, Edwards B, Kingsnorth S, Sheffe S, Curran CJ, Pinto M, Crossman S, King G. Creating an inclusive leisure space: strategies used to engage children with and without disabilities in the arts-mediated program Spiral Garden. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 40:199-207. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1250122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Smart
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brydne Edwards
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna Kingsnorth
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Participation and Inclusion, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Sheffe
- Participation and Inclusion, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Curran
- Participation and Inclusion, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhu Pinto
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Crossman
- Participation and Inclusion, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian King
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Participation and Inclusion, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nicholls DA, Atkinson K, Bjorbækmo WS, Gibson BE, Latchem J, Olesen J, Ralls J, Setchell J. Connectivity: An emerging concept for physiotherapy practice. Physiother Theory Pract 2016; 32:159-70. [DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Lid IM, Solvang PK. (Dis)ability and the experience of accessibility in the urban environment. ALTER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alter.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Abrams T, Gibson BE. Putting Gino's lesson to work: Actor-network theory, enacted humanity, and rehabilitation. Health (London) 2016; 21:425-440. [PMID: 26830933 DOI: 10.1177/1363459315628039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article argues that rehabilitation enacts a particular understanding of "the human" throughout therapeutic assessment and treatment. Following Michel Callon and Vololona Rabeharisoa's "Gino's Lesson on Humanity," we suggest that this is not simply a top-down process, but is cultivated in the application and response to biomedical frameworks of human ability, competence, and responsibility. The emergence of the human is at once a materially contingent, moral, and interpersonal process. We begin the article by outlining the basics of the actor-network theory that underpins "Gino's Lesson on Humanity." Next, we elucidate its central thesis regarding how disabled personhood emerges through actor-network interactions. Section "Learning Gino's lesson" draws on two autobiographical examples, examining the emergence of humanity through rehabilitation, particularly assessment measures and the responses to them. We conclude by thinking about how rehabilitation and actor-network theory might take this lesson on humanity seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara E Gibson
- University of Toronto, Canada.,Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To respond to growing calls for a theoretical unpacking of Universal Design (UD), a disparate movement cohering around attempts to design spaces and technologies that seek to allow use by all people (to the fullest extent possible). The on-going embedding of UD into architectural practice and pedagogy represents an opportune juncture at which to draw learning from other distinct-but-related transformatory architectural movements. METHODS Sociological-theoretical commentary. RESULTS UD has to date, and necessarily, been dominated by the practice contexts from which it emerged. Appealing as a short-hand for description of "designing-for-all", in most cases UD has come to stand in as a term to signal a general intent in this direction and as an umbrella term for the range of technical design resources that have been developed under these auspices. There remains a fundamental ambivalence vis-à-vis the question of users' power/capacity to influence decision-making in the design process in UD; technically-oriented typologies of bodies predominate in influential UD architectural accounts. CONCLUSIONS UD represents rich technical and pedagogical resources for those architects committed to transforming the existing built environment so as to be less hostile to a wide range of users. However, within UD, unpacking the social role of the professional architect vis-à-vis a variety of publics is an important, but hitherto underdeveloped, challenge; issues concerning professional-citizen power relations continue to animate parallel architectural politics, and UD can both contribute and draw much from these on-going explorations. Implications for Rehabilitation Universal Design (UD) architecture shares a close affinity with rehabilitation practice, with the creation of built environments that allow use by individuals with a wide range of capacities a priority for both. While an effective communicative "bridge" between professions, UD's deployment typically leaves unspoken the capacity of users to meaningfully affect decision-making in the design process. UD architecture has much to draw from, and contribute to, parallel movements in "participatory architectural design"; debates therein have illuminated much about the social practices underpinning designing for difference. UD could engage more fully with questions relating to the social and political role of the architect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jones
- Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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