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Tyne WP, Fletcher D, Stevinson C, Paine NJ. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress is associated with generalized self-efficacy and self-efficacy outcomes during adventure challenges. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14540. [PMID: 38361367 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor adventure challenges are commonly used to enhance self-efficacy, but the physiological mechanisms involved remain unexplored. Additionally, while studies have documented the influence of self-efficacy on stress management, general self-efficacy has yet to be fully understood in the context of cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR). This study investigated the influence of self-efficacy beliefs on CVR during acute psychological stress tasks. Additionally, it explored whether CVR serves as a novel mechanism underlying the outcomes of outdoor adventure challenges. As part of a wider randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 55) were invited to complete a laboratory session to assess CVR to an active (paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT)) and a passive (cold pressor test (CPT)) stress task. Randomized participants (n = 33) to the experimental condition also engaged in a high ropes challenge course after the laboratory session. It was found that greater self-reported self-efficacy was associated with larger CVR during the CPT and positively associated with perceived engagement and performance during the PASAT. Secondly, participants reporting positive change in self-efficacy post-intervention were associated with greater CVR and greater CVR was associated with higher ratings of intervention engagement and perceived challenge. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that greater efficacy beliefs may heighten CVR to passive acute psychological stressors. Habitual stress reactivity may represent a novel mechanism involved in outdoor and adventure-based interventions. Future research should continue to explore the impact of psychological variables on stress physiology and examine CVR as a potential mechanism in adventure experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Tyne
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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2
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Chu CH, Huang IL, Hillman CH, Chen NC, Yu J, Hung CS, Chen FT, Chang YK. The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and inhibitory control following acute stress: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2024:e14592. [PMID: 38682486 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Although the relationships among acute stress, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cognitive function have been examined, whether CRF is related to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control following acute stress remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the combined influence of acute stress and CRF on inhibitory control. Participants, aged 20-30 years, were stratified into the Higher-Fit (n = 31) and the Lower-Fit (n = 32) groups, and completed a Stroop task following the modified Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) in the stress condition and the sham-MAST in the non-stress condition, during which electroencephalography was recorded. Behavioral (i.e., response time and accuracy) and neuroelectric (N2 and P3b components of the event-related potential) outcomes of inhibitory control were obtained. While the Higher-Fit group demonstrated shorter response times and higher accuracy than the Lower-Fit group following both the MAST and the sham-MAST, they also exhibited selective benefits of acute stress on inhibitory control performance (i.e., decreased response times and diminished interference scores). CRF-dependent alterations in neuroelectric indices were also observed, with the Higher-Fit group displaying smaller N2 and greater P3b amplitudes than the Lower-Fit group following the sham-MAST, and increased N2 and attenuated P3b amplitudes following the MAST. Collectively, these findings not only confirm the positive relationship between CRF and inhibitory control but also provide novel insights into the potential influence of CRF on inhibitory control and associated neuroelectric activity following acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Heng Chu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Huang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nai-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sin Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Tzu Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Finseth TT, Smith B, Van Steenis AL, Glahn DC, Johnson M, Ruttle P, Shirtcliff BA, Shirtcliff EA. When virtual reality becomes psychoneuroendocrine reality: A stress(or) review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107061. [PMID: 38701607 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This review article was awarded the Dirk Hellhammer award from ISPNE in 2023. It explores the dynamic relationship between stressors and stress from a historical view as well as a vision towards the future of stress research via virtual reality (VR). We introduce the concept of a "syncytium," a permeable boundary that blurs the distinction between stress and stressor, in order to understand why the field of stress biology continues to inadequately measure stress alone as a proxy for the force of external stressors. Using Virtual Reality (VR) as an illustrative example to explicate the black box of stressors, we examine the distinction between 'immersion' and 'presence' as analogous terms for stressor and stress, respectively. We argue that the conventional psychological approaches to stress measurement and appraisal theory unfortunately fall short in quantifying the force of the stressor, leading to reverse causality fallacies. Further, the concept of affordances is introduced as an ecological or holistic tool to measure and design a stressor's force, bridging the gap between the external environment and an individual's physiological response to stress. Affordances also serve to ameliorate shortcomings in stress appraisal by integrating ecological interdependencies. By combining VR and psychobiological measures, this paper aims to unravel the complexity of the stressor-stress syncytium, highlighting the necessity of assessing both the internal and external facets to gain a holistic understanding of stress physiology and shift away from reverse causality reasoning. We find that the utility of VR extends beyond presence to include affordance-based measures of immersion, which can effectively model stressor force. Future research should prioritize the development of tools that can measure both immersion and presence, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of how external stressors interact with individual psychological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Smith
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - David C Glahn
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Paula Ruttle
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
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von Haugwitz L, Wascher E, Larra MF. Triggered by your heart: Effects of cardioafferent traffic and stress on automatic responses in a Simon task. Psychophysiology 2024:e14572. [PMID: 38520130 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Variations in cardioafferent traffic are relayed to the brain via arterial baroreceptors and have been shown to modulate perceptual processing. However, less is known about the cognitive-behavioral consequences of these effects and their role during stress. Here, we investigated in how far automatic responses during the Simon task were modulated by exposure to a laboratory stressor and the different phases of the cardiac cycle. In this study, 30 participants performed three blocks of a combined horizontal and vertical Simon task, which is characterized by either sensorimotor or cognitive response conflicts, respectively. Before each block, subjects were exposed to both the cold pressor test (CPT) and a control condition according to a within-subjects design. Target stimuli were presented during either systole or diastole. Behavioral and EEG-correlates of task processing were assessed along with subjective, cardiovascular, and endocrine measures of stress. The stress induction was successful yielding significant increases in all these measures compared to control. Moreover, we found the expected Simon effects: in incompatible compared to compatible trials performance was decreased and LRP latency as well as anterior N2 area increased. Importantly, accuracy was improved in compatible but reduced in incompatible trials during systole vs. diastole but only in the horizontal Simon condition. Stress dampened N2 area, however, no interactions with cardiac cycle were evident. These results indicate a faciliatory effect of cardioafferent traffic on automated sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon von Haugwitz
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mauro F Larra
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Kisker J, Schöne B. Regular use of acupressure mats reduces perceived stress at subjective but not psychophysiological levels: Insights from a three-week relaxation training. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:338-355. [PMID: 37715543 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Acupressure mats are promoted as stress management tools for easy and effective self-application, promising reduced stress and increased well-being. However, the scientific evidence for these effects is based on few experimental studies and lacks the examination of acupressure mats as a solitary relaxation tool. Our study aimed to examine which changes in stress and well-being can be expected from the use of acupressure mats by healthy young people on the subjective and psychophysiological level. Unexperienced participants practiced relaxation for three weeks either with an acupressure mat or without any tools (active control group [CG]). As a results, subjective well-being and stress decreased, while sleep quality and concentration endurance increased across groups. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), pain threshold and pain tolerance did not change significantly from pre- to post-training measurements. Most importantly, no significant differences were found between groups, indicating that training with an acupressure mat yielded no superior effects compared with an active control condition in healthy young students. As a conclusion, taking time to relax has some but limited beneficial effects on the subjective levels independent of the specific method for healthy students. Potential beneficial effects of acupressure mats might be bound to specific impairments, such as tension pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kisker
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schöne
- Experimental Psychology I, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Zarnegar R, Vounta A, Li Q, Ghoreishizadeh SS. Nociception related biomolecules in the adult human saliva: A scoping review with additional quantitative focus on cortisol. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241237121. [PMID: 38385158 PMCID: PMC10916496 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241237121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nociception related salivary biomolecules can be useful patients who are not able to self-report pain. We present the existing evidence on this topic using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and a more focused analysis of cortisol change after cold pain induction using the direction of effect analysis combined with risk of bias analysis using ROBINS-I. Five data bases were searched systematically for articles on adults with acute pain secondary to disease, injury, or experimentally induced pain. Forty three articles met the inclusion criteria for the general review and 11 of these were included in the cortisol-cold pain analysis. Salivary melatonin, kallikreins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluable TNF-α receptor II, secretory IgA, testosterone, salivary α-amylase (sAA) and, most commonly, cortisol have been studied in relation to acute pain. There is greatest information about cortisol and sAA which both rise after cold pain when compared with other modalities. Where participants have been subjected to both pain and stress, stress is consistently a more reliable predictor of salivary biomarker change than pain. There remain considerable challenges in identifying biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice to guide the measurement of nociception and treatment of pain. Standardization of methodology and researchers' greater awareness of the factors that affect salivary biomolecule concentrations are needed to improve our understanding of this field towards creating a clinically relevant body of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxaneh Zarnegar
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Angeliki Vounta
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sara S Ghoreishizadeh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Drost L, Finke JB, Behrje A, Rebeck D, Domes G, Schächinger H. Optimal timing of oral metyrapone intake for the suppression of cold-pressor stress-induced cortisol release. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106328. [PMID: 37393800 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological manipulation of cortisol levels is instrumental in elucidating mechanisms underlying acute stress effects and for distinguishing the physiological and behavioral effects of cortisol from those of the adrenergic system. Administration (oral or IV) of hydrocortisone is a direct and efficient method to elevate cortisol, and thus, frequently used in psychobiological stress research. However, lowering of cortisol (i.e. blockade of stress cortisol) requires a more sophisticated approach, such as the administration of the corticostatic compound metyrapone (MET). However, there is insufficient knowledge about the temporal dynamics of MET for the blocking of stress-induced cortisol reactivity. Thus, the present study aimed to build up an experimental protocol suitable to suppress acute behavioral stress-induced cortisol secretion by MET. METHODS 50 healthy young men were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups. They received 750 mg oral MET either 30 (n = 9), 45 (n = 11), or 60 (n = 10) minutes before exposure to a combined cold pressor and mental arithmetic test (stress induction), or were subjected to two different control treatments (placebo 60 min before stress (n = 10) or MET 30 min before non-stressful warm-water condition (n = 10)). Salivary cortisol concentration, hemodynamics, and subjective ratings were assessed. RESULTS Suppression of cold stress-induced cortisol release was strongest when MET intake was scheduled 30 min prior to stress onset. Cardiovascular stress-responses and subjective ratings remained unaffected by MET. CONCLUSION In healthy young males, 750 mg of MET efficiently block cold stress-induced cortisol release when oral administration is scheduled 30 min prior to stress onset. This finding may guide future research in improving timing of suppression of stress-induced cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Drost
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany.
| | - Johannes B Finke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2a, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Andreas Behrje
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Dagmar Rebeck
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290 Trier, Germany
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Austelle CW, Sege CT, Kahn AT, Gregoski MJ, Taylor DL, McTeague LM, Short EB, Badran BW, George MS. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Early Increases in Heart Rate Associated With the Cold Pressor Test. Neuromodulation 2023:S1094-7159(23)00715-8. [PMID: 37642625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may be useful in treating disorders characterized by chronic parasympathetic disinhibition. Acute taVNS decreases resting heart rate in healthy individuals, but little is known regarding the effects of taVNS on the cardiac response to an acute stressor. To investigate effects on the acute stress response, we investigated how taVNS affected heart rate changes during a cold pressor test (CPT), a validated stress induction technique that reliably elicits a sympathetic stress response with marked increases in heart rate, anxiety, stress, and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 24 healthy adults (ten women, mean age = 29 years) to participate in this randomized, crossover, exploratory trial. Each subject completed two taVNS treatments (one active, one sham) paired with CPTs in the same session. Order of active versus sham stimulation was randomized. Heart rate, along with ratings of anxiety, stress, and pain, was collected before, during, and after each round of taVNS/sham + CPT. RESULTS In both stimulation conditions, heart rate was elevated from baseline in response to the CPT. Analyses also revealed a difference between active and sham taVNS during the first 40 seconds of the CPT (Δ heart rate [HR] = 12.75 ± 7.85 in the active condition; Δ HR = 16.09 ± 11.43 in the sham condition, p = 0.044). There were no significant differences in subjective ratings between active and sham taVNS. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized, sham-controlled study, taVNS attenuated initial increases in HR in response to the CPT. Future studies are needed to investigate the effects of various taVNS doses and parameters on the CPT, in addition to other forms of stress induction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT00113453.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher T Sege
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alex T Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mathew J Gregoski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Danielle L Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lisa M McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Edward Baron Short
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bashar W Badran
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Larra MF, Capellino S, Schwendich E, von Haugwitz L, Reinders J, Wascher E. Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:81-92. [PMID: 36917961 DOI: 10.1159/000529625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress' effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. METHODS We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. RESULTS We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNFα and IFNγ; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. DISCUSSION Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro F Larra
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Capellino
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Schwendich
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leon von Haugwitz
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Bullock T, MacLean MH, Santander T, Boone AP, Babenko V, Dundon NM, Stuber A, Jimmons L, Raymer J, Okafor GN, Miller MB, Giesbrecht B, Grafton ST. Habituation of the stress response multiplex to repeated cold pressor exposure. Front Physiol 2023; 13:752900. [PMID: 36703933 PMCID: PMC9871365 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.752900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans show remarkable habituation to aversive events as reflected by changes of both subjective report and objective measures of stress. Although much experimental human research focuses on the effects of stress, relatively little is known about the cascade of physiological and neural responses that contribute to stress habituation. The cold pressor test (CPT) is a common method for inducing acute stress in human participants in the laboratory; however, there are gaps in our understanding of the global state changes resulting from this stress-induction technique and how these responses change over multiple exposures. Here, we measure the stress response to repeated CPT exposures using an extensive suite of physiologic measures and state-of-the-art analysis techniques. In two separate sessions on different days, participants underwent five 90 s CPT exposures of both feet and five warm water control exposures, while electrocardiography (ECG), impedance cardiography, continuous blood pressure, pupillometry, scalp electroencephalography (EEG), salivary cortisol and self-reported pain assessments were recorded. A diverse array of adaptive responses are reported that vary in their temporal dynamics within each exposure as well as habituation across repeated exposures. During cold-water exposure there was a cascade of changes across several cardiovascular measures (elevated heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and reduced left ventricular ejection time (LVET), stroke volume (SV) and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF)). Increased pupil dilation was observed, as was increased power in low-frequency bands (delta and theta) across frontal EEG electrode sites. Several cardiovascular measures also habituated over repeated cold-water exposures (HR, MAP, CO, SV, LVET) as did pupil dilation and alpha frequency activity across the scalp. Anticipation of cold water induced stress effects in the time-period immediately prior to exposure, indexed by increased pupil size and cortical disinhibition in the alpha and beta frequency bands across central scalp sites. These results provide comprehensive insight into the evolution of a diverse array of stress responses to an acute noxious stressor, and how these responses adaptively contribute to stress habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bullock
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Tom Bullock,
| | - Mary H. MacLean
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Santander
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Alexander P. Boone
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Viktoriya Babenko
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Neil M. Dundon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alexander Stuber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Liann Jimmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Raymer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Gold N. Okafor
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Barry Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Scott T. Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States,Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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11
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Chauntry AJ, Bishop NC, Hamer M, Paine NJ. Frequently Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Light Body-Weighted Resistance Activity Alters Psychobiological Responses to Acute Psychological Stress: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:301-312. [PMID: 36005837 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uninterrupted prolonged sitting and exaggerated psychobiological reactivity to acute psychological stress are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity acutely lowers CVD risk markers under resting conditions. PURPOSE To examine whether frequent interruptions to prolonged sitting with body-weighted resistance activity can acutely lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) and other cardiovascular (CV), inflammatory, and cortisol (secondary outcomes) responses to acute psychological stress. METHODS This randomized crossover trial included 17 sedentary participants (9 men; mean ± SD age; 24.0 ± 0.5 years) who completed two conditions: (i) interrupting 4 hr of sitting with 4 min of light body-weighted resistance activity every 30-min (BREAK), and (ii) 4 hr of uninterrupted sitting (SIT). Following the BREAK and SIT intervention windows, CV, inflammatory, and cortisol markers were measured at rest, during stress tasks (8-min Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT] and 3-min cold pressor [CP]), and 45-min recovery periods. RESULTS There were main effects of time for CV parameters (SBP, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance [all p < .001]), inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and cortisol (p < .05) in response to stress. Time-by-condition interaction effects revealed that in the BREAK-condition there was lower SBP during immediate recovery from the CP (mean {95% confidence interval [CI]}: 127.2 [121.3, 133.4] vs 133.4 [125.5, 141.7] mmHg; p = .020), higher concentrations of plasma IL-6 45-min post-PASAT (2.70 [1.97, 3.70] vs 1.71 [1.32, 2.22] pg/mL; p = .010), and larger (nonsignificant) salivary cortisol concentrations 8-min post-CP (6.29 [4.60, 8.58] vs 3.97 [3.16, 4.99] nmol/L; p = .079). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent bouts of light intensity body-weighted resistance activity alters psychobiological responses to acute psychological stress. Further research should explore the longer-term implications for CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden J Chauntry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- The Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
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12
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Stress effects on the top-down control of visuospatial attention: Evidence from cue-dependent alpha oscillations. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:722-735. [PMID: 35378719 PMCID: PMC9293795 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stress is assumed to inhibit the top-down control of attention and to facilitate bottom-up processing. Evidence from human experiments, however, remains scarce. Previous studies have addressed how stress affects the interplay of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. A key open question is in how far such effects can actually be attributed to a stress-induced modulation of top-down attention control. We sought to isolate top-down from bottom-up effects by assessing stress effects on anticipatory changes in alpha oscillations that precede stimulus processing. Participants performed in a cued target detection task in which a cue prompted them to covertly shift their attention to left or right screen positions, 20 min after being exposed to the bilateral feet cold pressor test or a warm water control procedure. The stressor led to a substantial increase in cortisol, peaking 20 min post stressor, along with rises in heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective ratings of stress and arousal. As expected, cued attention deployment led to higher alpha power over posterior electrodes contralateral versus ipsilateral to the attended hemifield during the cue-target interval. Importantly, this purely endogenous effect was potentiated by stress, however, significant differences were restricted to the middle of the cue-target interval and thus temporally separated from the appearance of the target. These results indicate that stress does not impair top-down attentional control per se but may introduce a qualitative change modulating the way attention is deployed to meet action goals.
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13
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Dikshit MB. Cardiovascular Responses to Commonly Used Tests in and Outside of the Laboratory Settings. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSeveral tests are available for assessing cardiovascular response to various interventions which may be given in the laboratory, or outside of it in the field. The tests are meant to excite or deactivate cardiovascular and other sensory receptors which signal the central mechanisms. They have been found useful in generating data to study cardiovascular effects on subjects exposed to specialized physical training (e.g., athletes), in the evaluation of people engaged in special occupations such as pilots, astronauts, and other military personnel, and in training undergraduate and postgraduate students. If the response does not fit into the physiological norm, it may reflect a temporary aberration, or a more serious defect in the cardiovascular control mechanism because of disease. Interpretation of data generated may vary between various operators/observers. Here, an attempt has been made to bring out responses of the cardiovascular system to the commonly used tests, and their applicability in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan B. Dikshit
- Formerly Department of Physiology and Clinical Physiology, College of Medicine and Sultan Qaboos Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Formerly Department of Physiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Zhang H, Huang H, Zheng P, Feng R, Wang X, Huang F, Ma M, Tian Y, Zhang G. The alleviative effect of thyroid hormone on cold stress-induced apotosis via HSP70 and mitochondrial apoptosis signal pathway in bovine Sertoli cells. Cryobiology 2021; 105:63-70. [PMID: 34863702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone was involved in gene expression and functional regulation in various signal pathways. Cold stress can increase triiodothyronine (T3) level in the blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of T3 on HSP70 expression and apoptosis in Sertoli cells (SCs) under cold stress in vitro culture at 26 °C, and provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of bulls in cold areas. SCs were treated with different cold stress duration and different T3 concentrations for pre-screening. HSP70 inhibitor was added later, and the apoptotic rate was measured using flow cytometry. The expression of HSP70 and the main genes of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were determined by means of real-time PCR and western-blot, respectively. The localization of HSP70 was assessed by immunofluorescence. The results showed that cold stress (26 °C, 6 h) played an inductive role in SCs apoptotic rate (P < 0.01) and the transfer of HSP70 into the nucleus. 100 nM T3 further promoted HSP70 expression and its transfer into the nucleus, which significantly inhibited the expression of vital genes (cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3) in mitochondrial pathway (P < 0.05). Subsequently, higher survival and lower apoptotic rates of SCs (P < 0.01) were observed. When T3 and HSP70 inhibitor were added together, the expression of cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were inhibited (P < 0.05), and then the declining apoptotic rate increased again (P < 0.01). In conclusion, T3 can regulate HSP70 expression and translocation to mediate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to inhibit SCs apoptosis induced by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Singh T, Domes G, Frings C. The influence of stress on distractor-response bindings. Stress 2021; 24:795-804. [PMID: 34060422 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1920919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli and responses that occur in close temporal contiguity are bound to each other and stored in short-term episodic traces or event files. A repetition of any of the features within an event file results in the retrieval of the entire event file and can influence responding. Along with task-relevant features, event files also contain task-irrelevant features, which are also bound to responses - distractor-response binding. In the present study, the distractor-response binding effect was examined under stress. Stress was induced via a Cold Pressor Test (CPT) and was manipulated between subjects. Distractor-response binding effects were measures at pre- and post-intervention. The CPT produced reliable effects on cortisol measurements and subjective ratings, however, no difference in the distractor-response binding effects between the groups was observed. Results are discussed against the background of the inconsistent results in the literature with respect to stimulus-response binding and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Singh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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16
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Dolfen N, Veldman MP, Gann MA, von Leupoldt A, Puts NAJ, Edden RAE, Mikkelsen M, Swinnen S, Schwabe L, Albouy G, King BR. A role for GABA in the modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems under stress. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1033. [PMID: 34475515 PMCID: PMC8413374 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that stress modulates the competitive interaction between the hippocampus and striatum, two structures known to be critically involved in motor sequence learning. These earlier investigations, however, have largely focused on blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses. No study to date has examined the link between stress, motor learning and levels of striatal and hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This knowledge gap is surprising given the known role of GABA in neuroplasticity subserving learning and memory. The current study thus examined: a) the effects of motor learning and stress on striatal and hippocampal GABA levels; and b) how learning- and stress-induced changes in GABA relate to the neural correlates of learning. To do so, fifty-three healthy young adults were exposed to a stressful or non-stressful control intervention before motor sequence learning. Striatal and hippocampal GABA levels were assessed at baseline and post-intervention/learning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Regression analyses indicated that stress modulated the link between striatal GABA levels and functional plasticity in both the hippocampus and striatum during learning as measured with fMRI. This study provides evidence for a role of GABA in the stress-induced modulation of striatal and hippocampal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dolfen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Menno P Veldman
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mareike A Gann
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephan Swinnen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Bradley R King
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Finke JB, Zhang X, Plein D, Schilling TM, Schächinger H, Larra MF. Combining mental and physical stress: Synergy or interference? Physiol Behav 2021; 233:113365. [PMID: 33600808 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both cognitive stressors (such as mental arithmetic tasks) and physical stressors (such as the cold pressor test, CP) are among the most widely employed tools in acute stress research, and there is growing evidence for a high degree of stimulus-response specificity, rather than uniformity, in the human stress response. However, little is known about potential synergistic or interfering effects during concurrent administration. While cognitive tasks have been hypothesized to attenuate pain perception during CP, they are also thought to enhance physiological reactivity. Conversely, physical stress might interfere with effective stress induction by cognitive challenges. To address these questions, 56 participants underwent either the CP (3-min ice-water immersion of feet) or a warm-water control condition. In half of the sample, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) was performed simultaneously (fully crossed interventions). Salivary cortisol, cardiovascular parameters, and subjective ratings as well as voice pitch (F0) were assessed. Results show that cortisol responses, self-reported pain and subjective arousal were mainly driven by cold exposure, which also led to increased F0. The PASAT incrementally enhanced cardiovascular reactions, but did not affect pain ratings nor cortisol responses to the CP. However, intra-individual concordance between elevated blood pressure and other reactivity measures was enhanced by PASAT administration during the CP. Importantly, performance decrements in the mental-arithmetic task were not associated with diminished stress responses. In conclusion, our results speak against any strong interference when administering cognitive and painful physical stressors simultaneously, pointing rather to specific additive effects, particularly regarding cardiovascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Finke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Debora Plein
- Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Thomas M Schilling
- Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Institute of Psychobiology, Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Mauro F Larra
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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18
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Dolfen N, King BR, Schwabe L, Gann MA, Veldman MP, von Leupoldt A, Swinnen SP, Albouy G. Stress Modulates the Balance between Hippocampal and Motor Networks during Motor Memory Processing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1365-1382. [PMID: 33106842 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional interaction between hippocampo- and striato-cortical regions during motor sequence learning is essential to trigger optimal memory consolidation. Based on previous evidence from other memory domains that stress alters the balance between these systems, we investigated whether exposure to stress prior to motor learning modulates motor memory processes. Seventy-two healthy young individuals were exposed to a stressful or nonstressful control intervention prior to training on a motor sequence learning task in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Consolidation was assessed with an MRI retest after a sleep episode. Behavioral results indicate that stress prior to learning did not influence motor performance. At the neural level, stress induced both a larger recruitment of sensorimotor regions and a greater disengagement of hippocampo-cortical networks during training. Brain-behavior regression analyses showed that while this stress-induced shift from (hippocampo-)fronto-parietal to motor networks was beneficial for initial performance, it was detrimental for consolidation. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that stress modulates the neural networks recruited during motor memory processing and therefore effectively unify concepts and mechanisms from diverse memory fields. Critically, our findings suggest that intersubject variability in brain responses to stress determines the impact of stress on motor learning and subsequent consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dolfen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B R King
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Gann
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M P Veldman
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A von Leupoldt
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S P Swinnen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Albouy
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Mertens MGCAM, Hermans L, Crombez G, Goudman L, Calders P, Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M. Comparison of five conditioned pain modulation paradigms and influencing personal factors in healthy adults. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:243-256. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel GCAM Mertens
- Research Group MOVANT Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Pain in Motion research group http://www.paininmotion.be/ Belgium
| | - Linda Hermans
- Pain in Motion research group http://www.paininmotion.be/ Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Departments of Physiotherapy and Human Physiology Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Ixelles Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Brussels Jette Belgium
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jessica Van Oosterwijck
- Research Group MOVANT Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Pain in Motion research group http://www.paininmotion.be/ Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Research Group MOVANT Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Pain in Motion research group http://www.paininmotion.be/ Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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20
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Disentangling sensorimotor and cognitive cardioafferent effects: A cardiac-cycle-time study on spatial stimulus-response compatibility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4059. [PMID: 32132629 PMCID: PMC7055319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac-cycle-time effects are attributed to variations in baroreceptor (BR) activity and have been shown to impinge on subcortical as well as cortical processes. However, cognitive and sensorimotor processes mediating voluntary responses seem to be differentially affected. We sought to disentangle cardiac-cycle-time effects on subcortical and cortical levels as well as sensorimotor and cognitive processes within a spatial stimulus-response-compatibility paradigm employing startling stimuli of different modalities. Air-puffs and white noise-bursts were presented unilaterally during either cardiac systole or diastole while bilateral startle EMG responses were recorded. Modality, laterality and cardiac-cycle-time were randomly varied within-subjects. Cognitive and sensorimotor stimulus-response-compatibility was orthogonally varied between-subjects: Participants (N = 80) responded to the stimuli via left/right button-push made with either the contra- or ipsilateral hand (sensorimotor compatibility) on either the ipsi- or contralateral button (cognitive compatibility). We found that sensorimotor compatible reactions were speeded during systole whereas sensorimotor incompatible ones were prolonged. This effect was independent of cognitive compatibility and restricted to auditory stimuli. Startle was inhibited during systole irrespective of modality or compatibility. Our results demonstrate how differential cardiac-cycle-time effects influence performance in conflict tasks and further suggest that stimulus-response-compatibility paradigms offer a viable method to uncover the complex interactions underlying behavioral BR effects.
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21
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Washio T, Watanabe H, Ogoh S. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in anterior and posterior cerebral circulation during cold pressor test. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:1. [PMID: 32039699 PMCID: PMC6987085 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in the posterior circulation differs from that of the anterior circulation during a cold pressor test (CPT) and is accompanied by elevations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and sympathetic nervous activity (SNA). To test this, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA and PCA) were measured at three different conditions: control, early phase of the CPT, and the late phase of the CPT. The dCA was examined using a thigh cuff occlusion and release technique. The MCA and PCA blood velocities were unchanged at CPT compared with the control conditions despite an elevation in the ABP. The dCA in both the MCA and PCA remained unaltered at CPT. These findings suggest that CPT-induced elevations in the ABP and SNA did not cause changes in the CBF regulation in the posterior circulation compared with the anterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.
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22
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No effect of cold pressor test-induced arousal on attentional benefits and costs in an endogenous spatial orienting paradigm. Neuropsychologia 2019; 135:107250. [PMID: 31682926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that arousal can influence hemispatial bias, suggesting that changes in arousal affect the neural networks involved in spatial attention control. The goal of the present study was to measure the effects of increased arousal on endogenous attentional orienting. We used a Spatial Orienting Paradigm to quantify attentional benefits and costs as measures of attentional orienting and re-orienting responses and exposed participants (N = 25; Experiment 1) to a bilateral feet Cold Pressor Test (CPT) to manipulate arousal. Increases in subjective distress ratings and blood pressure confirmed the effect of CPT on arousal. Although no overall effects of CPT on reaction times in the Spatial Orienting Paradigm were detected, an exploratory analysis of sex-specific effects revealed a left-lateralised decrease in benefits and increase in costs after CPT exposure in the male subsample (N = 11). To confirm these preliminary results, we repeated the experiment in a larger sample (N = 29, all male), but found no effect of CPT on orienting, with moderate to strong evidence in favour of a model excluding all (interaction) effects of CPT exposure (all BFIncl < 0.3). Instead, our replicated results indicate that voluntary orienting is unaffected by CPT-induced increases of arousal. In the light of previous studies, and keeping in mind the interpretative challenges of null results, we discuss how and why our findings may be specific to endogenous as opposed to exogenous orienting and how arousal could possibly lead to the previously established effects on visuospatial bias without simultaneously affecting orienting and the underlying attention control networks.
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Bachmann P, Finke JB, Rebeck D, Zhang X, Larra MF, Koch KP, Turner JD, Schächinger H. Test-retest reproducibility of a combined physical and cognitive stressor. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Igoshin AV, Gunbin KV, Yudin NS, Voevoda MI. Searching for Signatures of Cold Climate Adaptation in TRPM8 Gene in Populations of East Asian Ancestry. Front Genet 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31507633 PMCID: PMC6716346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal of Homo sapiens across the globe during the last 200,000 years was accompanied by adaptation to local climatic conditions, with severe winter temperatures being probably one of the most significant selective forces. The TRPM8 gene codes for a cold-sensing ion channel, and adaptation to low temperatures is the major determinant of its molecular evolution. Here, our aim was to search for signatures of cold climate adaptation in TRPM8 gene using a combined data set of 19 populations of East Asian ancestry from the 1000 Genomes Project and Human Genome Diversity Project. As a result, out of a total of 60 markers under study, none showed significant association with the average winter temperatures at the locations of the studied populations considering the multiple testing thresholds. This might suggest that the principal mode of TRPM8 evolution may be different from widespread models, where adaptive alleles are additive, dominant or recessive, at least in populations with the predominant East Asian component. For example, evolution by means of selectively preferable epistatic interactions among amino acids may have taken place. Despite the lack of strong signals of association, however, a very promising single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found. The SNP rs7577262 is considered the best candidate based on its allelic correlations with winter temperatures, signatures of selective sweep and physiological evidences. The second top SNP, rs17862920, may participate in adaptation as well. Additionally, to assist in interpreting the nominal associations, the other markers reached, we performed SNP prioritization based on functional evidences found in literature and on evolutionary conservativeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Igoshin
- Sector of the Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Gunbin
- Center of Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Center for Mitochondrial Functional Genomics, Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Nikolay S. Yudin
- V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Livestock Molecular Genetics and Breeding, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Voevoda
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Glucocorticoid response to stress induction prior to learning is negatively related to subsequent motor memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 158:32-41. [PMID: 30639727 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal activity during early motor sequence learning is critical to trigger subsequent sleep-related consolidation processes. Based on previous evidence that stress-induced cortisol release modulates hippocampal activity, the current study investigates whether exposure to stress prior to motor sequence learning influences the ensuing learning and overnight consolidation process. Seventy-four healthy young adults were exposed to a stressor (i.e., the socially evaluated cold pressor test, SECPT) or a control procedure before initial training on a bimanual motor sequence learning task. Participants were retested on the motor task 24 h (including a night of sleep) after training to assess memory consolidation. Our results indicate that the SECPT, as compared to the control condition, induced significant physiological stress responses as evidenced by increased heart rate and blood pressure as well as elevated salivary cortisol concentrations. Cortisol concentration in the stress group reached peak levels immediately before and stayed significantly elevated for the full duration of initial motor learning before returning to baseline during the consolidation period. Stress induction prior to learning did not, on average, influence initial performance nor subsequent motor memory consolidation as indicated by similar overnight gains in performance in both groups. However, higher levels of stress-induced cortisol prior to training were correlated to smaller overnight gains in performance speed. These results indicate that the glucocorticoid response to a stressful encounter experienced prior to hippocampal-mediated motor learning is negatively related to subsequent memory consolidation processes.
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Hengesch X, Elwenspoek MMC, Schaan VK, Larra MF, Finke JB, Zhang X, Bachmann P, Turner JD, Vögele C, Muller CP, Schächinger H. Blunted endocrine response to a combined physical-cognitive stressor in adults with early life adversity. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:137-144. [PMID: 29859639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The negative health effects of early life adversity (ELA) continue long into adulthood. Changes in the physiological response to psychosocial stressors have been proposed to mediate this effect. However, many previous studies have come to contradicting conclusions as to whether ELA induces a long-term increase or decrease in stress reactivity. Therefore, we tested the association of ELA exposure and adult stress reactivity in a sample of early life adoptees and controls. Two previously validated stressful elements (bilateral feet CPT and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT)) were combined in an extended Cold Pressor Test (CPT). This test was performed on 22 participants who had experienced severe ELA (separation from biological parents, institutionalization, and adoption in early childhood), and in 22 age-matched control participants. A prior history of ELA was associated with blunted reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Cohen´s d = 0.680). Cardiovascular reactivity remained unchanged, and affective reactivity (self-report ratings) were increased in participants exposed to ELA compared to the control group (range Cohen´s d: 0.642-0.879). Our results suggest that the activity of the HPA axis reactivity was inhibited in ELA participants. Importantly, cardiovascular stress responsiveness was not affected by ELA. This separation of the HPA axis and cardiovascular stress responses may best be explained by ELA selectively enhancing central feedback-sensitivity to glucocorticoids, but preserving cardiovascular/ autonomic stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Hengesch
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany.
| | - Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Immunology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, D-54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Violetta K Schaan
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval Maison des Sciences Humaines 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mauro F Larra
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Johannes B Finke
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Petra Bachmann
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval Maison des Sciences Humaines 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, D-54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany
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Emotional stress regulation: The role of relative frontal alpha asymmetry in shaping the stress response. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:231-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bachmann P, Zhang X, Larra MF, Rebeck D, Schönbein K, Koch KP, Schächinger H. Validation of an automated bilateral feet cold pressor test. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 124:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tymko MM, Kerstens TP, Wildfong KW, Ainslie PN. Cerebrovascular response to the cold pressor test - the critical role of carbon dioxide. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1647-1660. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
| | | | - Kevin W. Wildfong
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
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Weckesser LJ, Enge S, Riedel P, Kirschbaum C, Miller R. NMDA receptor modulation by dextromethorphan and acute stress selectively alters electroencephalographic indicators of partial report processing. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1042-1053. [PMID: 28739134 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proceeding from a biophysical network model, the present study hypothesized that glutamatergic neurotransmission across the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) plays a key role in visual perception and its modulation by acute stress. To investigate these hypotheses, behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) indicators of partial report task processing were assessed in twenty-four healthy young men who randomly received a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist (0.8 mg/kg dextromethorphan, DXM) or a placebo, and concurrently accomplished a stress-induction (MAST) or control protocol in three consecutive sessions. Saliva samples served to quantify cortisol responses to the MAST, whereas a passive auditory oddball paradigm was implemented to verify the impact of DXM on the EEG-derived mismatch negativity component (MMN). DXM administration significantly increased MMN amplitudes but not salivary cortisol concentrations. By contrast, concurrent MAST exposure significantly reduced MMN latencies but also increased cortisol concentrations. With regard to EEG indicators, DXM administration reduced visually "evoked" (30Hz to 50Hz) and "induced" occipital gamma-band activity (70Hz to 100Hz), which was partly compensated by additional MAST exposure. However, neither the interventions nor EEG activity were significantly associated with behavioral partial report sensitivities. In summary, the present data suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission across the NMDAR is only one among many determinants of intact visual perception. Accordingly, therapeutic doses of DXM and their inhibitory modulation by stress probably yield more pronounced electroencephalographic as compared with behavioural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Weckesser
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sören Enge
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, MSB Medical School Berlin, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Norrbrand L, Kölegård R, Keramidas ME, Mekjavic IB, Eiken O. No association between hand and foot temperature responses during local cold stress and rewarming. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1141-1153. [PMID: 28421275 PMCID: PMC5427170 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to examine whether associations exist between temperature responses in the fingers vs. toes and hand vs. foot during local cold-water immersion and rewarming phases. Methods Seventy healthy subjects (58 males, 12 females) immersed their right hand or right foot, respectively, in 8 °C water for 30 min (CWI phase), followed by a 15-min spontaneous rewarming (RW) in 25 °C air temperature. Results Temperature was lower in the toes than the fingers during the baseline phase (27.8 ± 3.0 vs. 33.9 ± 2.5 °C, p < 0.001), parts of the CWI phase (min 20–30: 8.8 ± 0.7 vs. 9.7 ± 1.4 °C, p < 0.001), and during the RW phase (peak temperature: 22.5 ± 5.1 vs. 32.7 ± 3.6 °C, p < 0.001). Cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) was more common in the fingers than in the toes (p < 0.001). Within the first 10 min of CWI, 61% of the subjects exhibited a CIVD response in the fingers, while only 6% of the subjects had a CIVD response in the toes. There was a large variability of temperature responses both within and between extremities, and there was a weak correlation between finger- and toe temperature both during the CWI (r = 0.21, p = 0.08) and the RW phases (r = 0.26, p = 0.03). Conclusions Results suggest that there is generally a lower temperature in the toes than the fingers after a short time of local cold exposure and that the thermal responses of the fingers/hands are not readily transferable to the toes/foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Norrbrand
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Berzelius väg 13, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Roger Kölegård
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Berzelius väg 13, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michail E Keramidas
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Berzelius väg 13, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Berzelius väg 13, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
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