1
|
Bini J. The historical progression of positron emission tomography research in neuroendocrinology. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101081. [PMID: 37423505 PMCID: PMC10530506 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of endocrine system actions in vivo in the human brain for several decades. PET radioligands have been developed to measure changes that are regulated by hormone action (e.g., glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, dopamine receptors) and actions within endocrine organs or glands such as steroids (e.g., glucocorticoids receptors), hormones (e.g., estrogen, insulin), and enzymes (e.g., aromatase). This systematic review is targeted to the neuroendocrinology community that may be interested in learning about positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for use in their research. Covering neuroendocrine PET research over the past half century, researchers and clinicians will be able to answer the question of where future research may benefit from the strengths of PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Igata N, Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Ide S, Kishi T, Abe O, Igata R, Katsuki A, Iwata N, Yoshimura R, Korogi Y. Voxel-based morphometric brain comparison between healthy subjects and major depressive disorder patients in Japanese with the s/s genotype of 5-HTTLPR. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638109 PMCID: PMC5479858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with s/s genotype of serotonin transporter gene-linked promotor region (5-HTTLPR), which appear with a high frequency in Japanese, exhibit more diagnosable depression in relation to stressful life events than those with the s/l or l/l genotype. We prospectively investigated the brain volume changes in first-episode and medication naïve major depression disorder patients (MDD) with the s/s genotype in Japanese. We assessed the differences between 27 MDD with the s/s genotype and 44 healthy subjects (HS) with the same genotype using a whole-brain voxel-by-voxel statistical analysis of MRI. Gray matter volume in a brain region with significant clusters obtained via voxel-based morphometry analysis were measured and, as an exploratory analysis, evaluated for relationships to the subcategory scores (core, sleep, activity, psychic, somatic anxiety, delusion) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). The brain volume in the left insula lobe was significantly smaller in the MDD than in the HS. The left insula lobe volume correlated negatively with the “psychic” score of HAM-D and the SRRS. In a Japanese population with the s/s genotype, we found an atrophy of the insula in the MDD, which might be associated with “psychic” symptom and stress events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Igata
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoru Ide
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Igata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamakawa K, Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Ohira H. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism modulates inflammatory cytokine responses during acute stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13852. [PMID: 26349674 PMCID: PMC4563370 DOI: 10.1038/srep13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are important mediators of various stress-related modulations of immune function. A major genetic factor determining inter-individual differences in stress reactivity is polymorphisms of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) transporter (5HTT) gene. A short (S) variant, compared with a long (L) variant, of the promoter region of the 5HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) has been related to emotional and stress hyper-reactivity. The present study examined whether the 5HTTLPR can modulate responses of inflammatory cytokines under acute stress. Nine Japanese male participants carrying two copies of the S alleles and nine Japanese males carrying S and L alleles underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Inflammatory cytokines, endocrine parameters, heart rate and subjective stress were measured before, during and after the task. The participants carrying the SS alleles, but not those carrying the SL alleles, showed a significant increase of IL-1β immediately after TSST. This hyper-reactivity to acute stress in individuals with the SS alleles was also observed in their heart rate and cortisol levels. These results suggest that the S allele of the 5HTTLPR is consistently associated with stress reactivity in multi-level stress-related biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yamakawa
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tokaigakuen University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tokiko Isowa
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohira
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Liu L, Li X, Song Y, Liu J. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) influences trait anxiety by modulating the functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula in Han Chinese males. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2732-42. [PMID: 25833281 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional polymorphism (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) in the promoter region of human serotonin transporter gene has been found to be associated with several dimensions of neuroticism and psychopathology, especially anxiety. However, the neural basis underlying the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety is less clear. Here, we explored how 5-HTTLPR influenced anxiety by modulating the spontaneous brain activities in Han Chinese. First, we found an association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety only in the male and not in the female population, where male S/S homozygotes had a significantly higher level of anxiety than male L allele carriers. Then, we examined how 5-HTTLPR influenced anxiety at both regional and network levels in the brain at rest. At the regional level, we found a significantly higher fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the amygdala in male S/S homozygotes relative to male L allele carriers. At the network level, male S/S homozygotes showed a weaker resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the amygdala and various regions, including the insula, Heschl's gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus, and a stronger RSFC between the amygdala and various regions, including the supramariginal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. However, at both levels, only was the amygdala-insula RSFC correlated with anxiety. Mediation analyses further revealed that the amygdala-insula RSFC mediated the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety. In short, our study provided the first empirical evidence that the amygdala-insula RSFC served as the neural basis underlying the association between 5-HTTLPR and anxiety, suggesting a potential neurogenetic susceptibility mechanism for anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,School of psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genetic variants in serotonin and corticosteroid systems modulate neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to intense stress. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Dobson SD, Brent LJN. On the evolution of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in primates. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:588. [PMID: 24312034 PMCID: PMC3832783 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some allelic variants of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) result in lower levels of expression of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4). These low-expressing (LE) alleles are associated with mental-health disorders in a minority of humans that carry them. Humans are not the only primates that exhibit this polymorphism; other species, including some monkeys, also have LE and high-expressing (HE) variants of 5-HTTLPR. We propose a behavioral genetic framework to explain the adaptive evolution of this polymorphism in primates, including humans. We hypothesize that both LE and HE alleles are maintained by balancing selection in species characterized by short-term fluctuations in social competition levels. More specifically, we propose that LE carriers benefit from their hypervigilant tendencies during periods of elevated competition, whereas HE homozygotes cope best when competition levels do not deviate from the norm. Thus, both alleles have long-term benefits when competition levels tend to vary substantially over relatively short timescales within a social group. We describe this hypothesis in detail and outline a series of predictions to test it. Some of these predictions are supported by findings in the current literature, while others remain areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Dobson
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas MR, Wara D, Saxton K, Truskier M, Chesney MA, Boyce WT. Family adversity and autonomic reactivity association with immune changes in HIV-affected school children. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:557-65. [PMID: 23766380 PMCID: PMC3830556 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31829807fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether primary school entry is associated with changes in immune system parameters in HIV-affected children. HIV-affected children are vulnerable to psychosocial stressors, regardless of their own HIV serological status. METHODS Data from 38 HIV-positive and 29 HIV-negative children born to seropositive women were obtained. Measures included family adversity questionnaires, autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, and enumerative and functional changes in peripheral blood immune parameters. RESULTS In comparison with children who were HIV-negative, children who were HIV-positive at baseline had fewer CD4(+) T lymphocytes (mean [M] = 916 versus 1206 cells/mm(3) × 10(3); F = 7.8, p = .007), more CD8(+) cells (M = 1046 versus 720 cells/mm(3) × 10(3); F = 7.98, p = .006), and diminished natural killer cell cytotoxicity (M = -0.29 versus 0.41; F = 8.87, p = .004). School entry was associated with changes in immune parameters, but HIV status was not associated with the magnitude of changes. Changes in immune parameters after school entry were associated with family stress and preschool entry ANS reactivity. Highly ANS reactive children had either the greatest increase in CD8(+) cells after school entry or the greatest decrease, depending on reported levels of family adversity (B = 215.35; t = 3.74, p < .001). Changes in functional immune assays were significantly associated with the interactions between HIV status and ANS reactivity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that autonomic reactivity is associated with increased immunological sensitivity to adverse or challenging social contexts among children affected by HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Thomas
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomoda A, Nishitani S, Matsuura N, Fujisawa TX, Kawatani J, Toyohisa D, Ono M, Shinohara K. No interaction between serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and adversity on depression among Japanese children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:134. [PMID: 23663729 PMCID: PMC3653806 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of gene × environment interactions (G × E) for depression is a crucial step in ascertaining the mechanisms underpinning the disorder. Earlier studies have indicated strong genetic influences and numerous environmental risk factors. In relation to childhood and adolescent depression, evidence is accumulating that the quality of the parental environment is associated with serotonin biology in children. We hypothesized that maternal depression is a crucial environmental risk factor associated with serotonin-regulating genes. METHODS This study was designed to ascertain the G × E interaction for diagnosis of depression in a Japanese pediatric sample. DNA samples from 55 pediatric patients with depression and 58 healthy schoolchildren were genotyped for the 5-HTT (2 short (S) alleles at the 5-HTT locus) promoter serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. We examined whether an adverse parental environment, operationalized as the mother's history of recurrent major depressive disorder, interacts with 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to predict patients' depression symptoms. RESULTS Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that maternal depression (adversity), gender, and FSIQ significantly affect the diagnosis of depression among children and adolescents. However, no main effect was found for adversity or genotype. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses using stepwise procedure have elicited some models with a good fit index, which also suggests no interaction between 5-HTTLPR and adversity on depression. CONCLUSIONS To assess G × E interaction, data obtained from children and adolescents who had been carefully diagnosed categorically and data from age-matched controls were analyzed using logistic regression. Despite an equivocal interaction effect, adversity and gender showed significant main effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Shota Nishitani
- Department of Neurobiology& Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical & Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsuura
- School of Education, Tokyo University and Graduate School of Social Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan,Department of Neurobiology& Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical & Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junko Kawatani
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Toyohisa
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mai Ono
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology& Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical & Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Ohira H. Association between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and subjective happiness level in Japanese adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2211-1522-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Mueller A, Strahler J, Armbruster D, Lesch KP, Brocke B, Kirschbaum C. Genetic contributions to acute autonomic stress responsiveness in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 83:302-8. [PMID: 22133998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
11
|
OHIRA HIDEKI. Modulation of stress reactivity in brain and body by serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism1. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2011.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
12
|
Homberg JR, Lesch KP. Looking on the bright side of serotonin transporter gene variation. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:513-9. [PMID: 21047622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates an association of the short (s), low-expressing variant of the repeat length polymorphism, serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), in the human serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT, SERT, SLC6A4) with anxiety-related traits and increased risk for depression in interaction with psychosocial adversity across the life span. However, genetically driven deficient serotonin transporter (5-HTT) function would not have been maintained throughout evolution if it only exerted negative effects without conveying any gain of function. Here, we review recent findings that humans and nonhuman primates carrying the s variant of the 5-HTTLPR outperform subjects carrying the long allele in an array of cognitive tasks and show increased social conformity. In addition, studies in 5-HTT knockout rodents are included that provide complementary insights in the beneficial effects of the 5-HTTLPR s-allele. We postulate that hypervigilance, mediated by hyperactivity in corticolimbic structures, may be the common denominator in the anxiety-related traits and (social) cognitive superiority of s-allele carriers and that environmental conditions determine whether a response will turn out to be negative (emotional) or positive (cognitive, in conformity with the social group). Taken together, these findings urge for a conceptual change in the current deficit-oriented connotation of the 5-HTTLPR variants. In fact, these factors may counterbalance or completely offset the negative consequences of the anxiety-related traits. This notion may not only explain the modest effect size of the 5-HTTLPR and inconsistent reports but may also lead to a more refined appreciation of allelic variation in 5-HTT function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|