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Morales-Navas M, Perez-Fernandez C, Castaño-Castaño S, Sánchez-Gil A, Colomina MT, Leinekugel X, Sánchez-Santed F. Sociability: Comparing the Effect of Chlorpyrifos with Valproic Acid. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06263-z. [PMID: 38466473 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, exposures to organophosphate pesticide have been highlighted as a possible cause or aggravating factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined if Wistar rats prenatally exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in GD 12.5-15.5 could express similar behaviors to those exposed to valproic acid (VPA, 400 mg/kg) during the same administration window, which is an accepted animal model of autism. The 3-chambered test was employed to evaluate sociability and reaction to social novelty in two experiments, the first in adolescence and the second in adulthood. The results obtained in this study show that animals prenatally treated with CPF or VPA show a similar behavioral phenotype compared to the control group (CNT). In adolescence, the CPF animals showed a negative index in the reaction to social novelty, followed closely by the VPA, while both experimental groups showed a recovery in this aspect during adulthood. This study therefore provides evidence to suggest that prenatal exposure to CPF in rats could have similar effects on certain components of sociability to those seen in autistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Cristian Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sergio Castaño-Castaño
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Plaza de Feijoo, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranée (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy BP.13, CEDEX 09, 13273, Marseille, France
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center (CEINSA), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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López-Merino E, Cuartero MI, Esteban JA, Briz V. Perinatal exposure to pesticides alters synaptic plasticity signaling and induces behavioral deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2089-2111. [PMID: 35137321 PMCID: PMC10547633 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from animal and epidemiological studies indicates that perinatal exposure to pesticides cause developmental neurotoxicity and may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders such as autism and intellectual disability. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely elusive. This work was aimed at testing the hypothesis that developmental exposure to different classes of pesticides hijacks intracellular neuronal signaling contributing to synaptic and behavioral alterations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Low concentrations of organochlorine (dieldrin, endosulfan, and chlordane) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and its oxon metabolite) pesticides were chronically dosed ex vivo (organotypic rat hippocampal slices) or in vivo (perinatal exposure in rats), and then biochemical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and proteomic studies were performed. All the pesticides tested caused prolonged activation of MAPK/ERK pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, some of them impaired metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression (mGluR-LTD). In the case of the pesticide chlordane, the effect was attributed to chronic modulation of MAPK/ERK signaling. These synaptic alterations were reproduced following developmental in vivo exposure to chlordane and chlorpyrifos-oxon, and were also associated with prototypical behavioral phenotypes of NDD, including impaired motor development, increased anxiety, and social and memory deficits. Lastly, proteomic analysis revealed that these pesticides differentially regulate the expression of proteins in the hippocampus with pivotal roles in brain development and synaptic signaling, some of which are associated with NDD. Based on these results, we propose a novel mechanism of synaptic dysfunction, involving chronic overactivation of MAPK and impaired mGluR-LTD, shared by different pesticides which may have important implications for NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María I Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Esteban
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Briz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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He X, Tu Y, Song Y, Yang G, You M. The relationship between pesticide exposure during critical neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111902. [PMID: 34416252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides have been one of the most extensively used compounds throughout the world. The main sources of contamination for humans are dietary intake and occupational exposure. The impairments caused by agricultural pesticide exposure have been a significant global public health problem. Recent studies have shown that low-level agricultural pesticide exposure during the critical period of neurodevelopment (pregnancy and lactation) is closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, gut microbiota, neural dendrite morphology, synaptic function, and glial cells are targets for the effects of pesticides during nervous system development. In the present review, we summarize the associations between several highly used and frequently studied pesticides (e.g., glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, and avermectins) and ASD. We also discusse future epidemiological and toxicological research directions on the relationship between pesticides and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Ying Tu
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China.
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Heath, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China.
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4
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Morales-Navas M, Castaño-Castaño S, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Gil A, Teresa Colomina M, Leinekugel X, Sánchez-Santed F. Similarities between the Effects of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos and Valproic Acid on Ultrasonic Vocalization in Infant Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176376. [PMID: 32882988 PMCID: PMC7504564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in pups has become established as a good tool for evaluating behaviors related to communication deficits and emotional states observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure leads to impairments and social behavior deficits associated with autism, with the effects of VPA being considered as a reliable animal model of ASD. Some studies also suggest that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) could enhance autistic-like behaviors. Methods: In order to explore these similarities, in the present study we tested whether prenatal exposure to CPF at GD12.5–14.5 produces effects that are comparable to those produced by prenatal VPA exposure at GD12.5 in infant Wistar rats. Using Deep Squeek software, we evaluated total number of USVs, latency to the first call, mean call duration, principal frequency peak, high frequency peak, and type of calls. Results: Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that exposure to both CPF and VPA leads to a significantly smaller number of calls along with a longer latency to produce the first call. No significant effects were found for the remaining dependent variables. Conclusions: These results suggest that prenatal exposure to CPF could produce certain behaviors that are reminiscent of those observed in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-N.); (F.S.-S.); Tel.: +34-950-214631 (F.S.-S)
| | - Sergio Castaño-Castaño
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Calle Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - María Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranée (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy BP.13, CEDEX 09, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-N.); (F.S.-S.); Tel.: +34-950-214631 (F.S.-S)
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5
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Gestational exposures to organophosphorus insecticides: From acute poisoning to developmental neurotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108271. [PMID: 32814088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For over three-quarters of a century, organophosphorus (OP) insecticides have been ubiquitously used in agricultural, residential, and commercial settings and in public health programs to mitigate insect-borne diseases. Their broad-spectrum insecticidal effectiveness is accounted for by the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that catalyzes acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis, in the nervous system of insects. However, because AChE is evolutionarily conserved, OP insecticides are also toxic to mammals, including humans, and acute OP intoxication remains a major public health concern in countries where OP insecticide usage is poorly regulated. Environmental exposures to OP levels that are generally too low to cause marked inhibition of AChE and to trigger acute signs of intoxication, on the other hand, represent an insidious public health issue worldwide. Gestational exposures to OP insecticides are particularly concerning because of the exquisite sensitivity of the developing brain to these insecticides. The present article overviews and discusses: (i) the health effects and therapeutic management of acute OP poisoning during pregnancy, (ii) epidemiological studies examining associations between environmental OP exposures during gestation and health outcomes of offspring, (iii) preclinical evidence that OP insecticides are developmental neurotoxicants, and (iv) potential mechanisms underlying the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Understanding how gestational exposures to different levels of OP insecticides affect pregnancy and childhood development is critical to guiding implementation of preventive measures and direct research aimed at identifying effective therapeutic interventions that can limit the negative impact of these exposures on public health.
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Saxena R, Babadi M, Namvarhaghighi H, Roullet FI. Role of environmental factors and epigenetics in autism spectrum disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 173:35-60. [PMID: 32711816 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder thought to be caused by predisposing high-risk genes that may be altered during the early development by environmental factors. The impact of maternal challenges during pregnancy on the prevalence of ASD has been widely studied in clinical and animal studies. Here, we review some clinical and pre-clinical evidence that links environmental factors (i.e., infection, air pollution, pesticides, valproic acid and folic acid) and the risk of ASD. Additionally, certain prenatal environmental challenges such as the valproate and folate prenatal exposures allow us to study mechanisms possibly linked to the etiology of ASD, for instance the epigenetic processes. These mechanistic pathways are also presented and discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheeni Saxena
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melika Babadi
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Florence I Roullet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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7
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Silva MH. Effects of low‐dose chlorpyrifos on neurobehavior and potential mechanisms: A review of studies in rodents, zebrafish, and
Caenorhabditis elegans. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:445-479. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn H. Silva
- Retired from a career in regulatory toxicology and risk assessment
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8
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Pallotta MM, Ronca R, Carotenuto R, Porreca I, Turano M, Ambrosino C, Capriglione T. Specific Effects of Chronic Dietary Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on Brain Gene Expression-A Mouse Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112467. [PMID: 29156651 PMCID: PMC5713433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide used to control pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In mammals, maternal exposure to CPF has been reported to induce cerebral cortex thinning, alteration of long-term brain cognitive function, and Parkinson-like symptoms, but the mechanisms of these processes are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the alterations induced in the brains of mice chronically exposed to CPF by dietary intake. For our purpose, we analysed F1 offspring (sacrificed at 3 and 8 months) of Mus musculus, treated in utero and postnatally with 3 different doses of CPF (0.1-1-10 mg/kg/day). Using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays, we evaluated the alterations in the expression of 84 genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In the brains of exposed mice, we evidenced a clear dose–response relationship for AChE inhibition and alterations of gene expression. Some of the genes that were steadily down-regulated, such as Pink1, Park 2, Sv2b, Gabbr2, Sept5 and Atxn2, were directly related to Parkinson’s onset. Our experimental results shed light on the possibility that long-term CPF exposure may exert membrane signalling alterations which make brain cells more susceptible to develop neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michela Pallotta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Ronca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Mimmo Turano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Teresa Capriglione
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Shelton JF, Hertz-Picciotto I. Neurodevelopmental disorders and agricultural pesticide exposures: Shelton and Hertz-Picciotto respond. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A79-A80. [PMID: 25830318 PMCID: PMC4384207 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409124r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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10
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Burns CJ, Cohen SZ, Lunchick C. Neurodevelopmental disorders and agricultural pesticide exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A79. [PMID: 25831272 PMCID: PMC4384206 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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