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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-induced B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Mimicking the Recurrence of EBV-associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:e44-e46. [PMID: 29324572 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 23-month-old male infant with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder, which mimicked the recurrence of EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Chemotherapy with dexamethasone, etoposide, and cyclosporine resolved fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. However, on day 81 of illness, the patient developed similar symptoms. Plasma EBV-DNA levels markedly increased again, but no T-cell clonality was observed. B cells were identified to be infected with EBV. He was successfully treated with rituximab, dexamethasone and etoposide. When recurrence of EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is suspected, performing tests to identify the infected cells will enable accurate understanding of the clinical condition, resulting in proper treatments.
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Daroontum T, Kohno K, Eladl AE, Satou A, Sakakibara A, Matsukage S, Yakushiji N, Ya-In C, Nakamura S, Asano N, Kato S. Comparison of Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer associated with treated lymphoma or methotrexate in Japan. Histopathology 2018; 72:1115-1127. [PMID: 29314151 DOI: 10.1111/his.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to compare treated lymphoma-associated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) and methotrexate (MTX)-associated EBVMCU. METHODS AND RESULTS Of a series of 15 Japanese patients (11 women, four men; median age 74 years, range 35-84 years), seven received MTX for the treatment of autoimmune disease and eight developed EBVMCU after treatment of malignant lymphoma [diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 4) without EBV association, adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (n = 2), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n = 1), and follicular lymphoma (n = 1)]. Ulcers were observed in the oral cavity (n = 11), gastrointestinal tract (n = 2), and skin (n = 2). All were histologically characterised by a mixture of EBV-positive large B-cell proliferation and Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like cells on a polymorphous background. A total of 46% (6/13) had monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, but none had clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Spontaneous regression occurred in 13 of 15 cases (87%); the other two cases (13%) achieved complete remission after treatment. Of two patients in the treated lymphoma-associated subgroup, one developed multiple new ulcerative lesions on previously unaffected skin, and the other had a relapse of EBVMCU in the oral cavity. No significant clinicopathological differences were found between the subgroups. Notably, none of the patients died from EBVMCU. However, the treated lymphoma-associated subgroup had lower overall survival (P = 0.004) and a shorter follow-up period (P = 0.003) than the MTX-associated subgroup, owing to death from non-associated causes. CONCLUSIONS Treated lymphoma-associated EBVMCU, which is an indolent and self-limited condition, must be recognised to avoid misdiagnosing it as a relapse of malignant lymphoma during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerada Daroontum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kei Kohno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Eladl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakate, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakakibara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Matsukage
- Department of Pathology and Division of Dermatology, Uwajima City Hospital, Uwajima, Japan
| | - Naoki Yakushiji
- Department of Pathology and Division of Dermatology, Uwajima City Hospital, Uwajima, Japan
| | - Charin Ya-In
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoko Asano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagano Prefectural Suzaka Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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Yoshino T, Nakamura S, Suzumiya J, Niitsu N, Ohshima K, Tsuchiyama J, Shinagawa K, Tanimoto M, Sadahira Y, Harada M, Kikuchi M, Akagi T. Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is associated with a poor outcome of nasal-type natural killer-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2002; 118:482-7. [PMID: 12139736 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nasal and nasal-type natural killer (NK) lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathological entity mostly associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Cases that have widespread lesions are resistant to ordinary anti-cancer therapy and take a highly aggressive course. To date, there are no available data on the relationships between the localization, clinical outcome and expression of adhesion molecules in such cases. We examined the expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) in 52 cases of NK-cell lymphoma. CLA was highly expressed in cutaneous cases. Also, the CLA+ group (n=29) had a much worse prognosis than the CLA- group (n=23), regardless of the primary site or clinical staging. Univariate analysis identified some significant prognostic factors, and multivariate analysis of these factors showed that the expression of CLA was an independent prognostic indicator. In conclusion, the present findings established that CLA is an independent and important prognostic factor in patients with NK-cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/radiotherapy
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Nose Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Nose Neoplasms/immunology
- Nose Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Prognosis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Kumagawa M, Suzumiya J, Ohshima K, Kanda M, Tamura K, Kikuchi M. Splenic lymphoproliferative disorders in human T lymphotropic virus type-I endemic area of japan: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of 27 cases. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:593-605. [PMID: 11378577 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary splenic involvement in lymphoid neoplasms is rare and the clinicopathologic features of splenic lymphoma are not well described compared to nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Here we characterized splenic lymphomas in an human T lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) endemic area of Japan. To assess the pattern of splenic involvement and evaluate prognosis, we reviewed 27 specimens consisting of 26 splenectomies and one necropsy, which were classified using REAL classification. Cases were divided into primary splenic lymphoma in 11 patients and secondary in 16 patients. The incidence of primary splenic lymphoma was 0.3% (11 of approximately 4,000 malignant lymphomas). Primary splenic lymphomas included 7 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL), 2 follicular lymphomas (FL), and 1 each of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Secondary splenic lymphomas included 6 DLBL, 4 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 2 FL, 2 Hodgkin's disease (HD), 1 each of hairy cell leukemia and ALCL. Gross examination showed two patterns of splenic involvement; solid type (formation of large nodular mass, n=16) and disseminated type (multiple nodules with diffuse infiltration but no large nodular formation, n=10). The type could not be determined in one case. Most solid types were DLBL or FL, while MCL was of the disseminated type. Immunohistochemistry showed all but each 2 cases of ALCL and HD were of B lineage. Follow-up of 26 patients indicated that all but one patient with primary lymphoma were still alive (range, 1-89 months) and 8 of 15 patients with secondary lymphomas died due to the progression of malignant lymphoma; the survival rate at 2 years was 50% in these patients. No elevation of anti-HTLV-I antibody was found. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) showed no reactivity of lymphoma cells, although a few small lymphocytes were positive for EBV. Hepatitis C virus was observed in 6 of 20 (30%) patients examined and 4 of 11 (36%) cases of primary splenic lymphoma. Our findings indicate that patients with primary splenic lymphoma have a favorable prognosis after splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumagawa
- First Department of Pathology; School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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