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Quessada J, Cuccuini W, Saultier P, Loosveld M, Harrison CJ, Lafage-Pochitaloff M. Cytogenetics of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review of the Current Knowledge. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:924. [PMID: 34204358 PMCID: PMC8233729 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is a rare and heterogeneous disease in relation to morphology, immunophenotyping, germline and somatic cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities. Over recent decades, outcomes have greatly improved, although survival rates remain around 70% and the relapse rate is high, at around 30%. Cytogenetics is an important factor for diagnosis and indication of prognosis. The main cytogenetic abnormalities are referenced in the current WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia, where there is an indication for risk-adapted therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of cytogenetics in pediatric AML, describing well-known WHO entities, as well as new subgroups and germline mutations with therapeutic implications. We describe the main chromosomal abnormalities, their frequency according to age and AML subtypes, and their prognostic relevance within current therapeutic protocols. We focus on de novo AML and on cytogenetic diagnosis, including the practical difficulties encountered, based on the most recent hematological and cytogenetic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Quessada
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Timone Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Wendy Cuccuini
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75010 Paris, France;
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Paul Saultier
- APHM, La Timone Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Loosveld
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France;
- Hematology Laboratory, Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Hematological Cytogenetics Laboratory, Timone Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
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Labrador J, Luño E, Vellenga E, Brunet S, González-Campos J, Chillón MC, Holowiecka A, Esteve J, Bergua J, González-Sanmiguel JD, Gil C, Tormo M, Salamero O, Manso F, Fernández I, de laSerna J, Moreno MJ, Pérez-Encinas M, Krsnik I, Ribera JM, Cervera J, Calasanz MJ, Boluda B, Sobas M, Lowenberg B, Sanz MA, Montesinos P. Clinical significance of complex karyotype at diagnosis in pediatric and adult patients with de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with ATRA and chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1146-1155. [PMID: 30526152 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1522438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) do not affect the prognosis of patients with t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the role of a complex karyotype (CK) is yet to be clarified. We aimed to investigate the relationship of CK with relapse incidence in 1559 consecutive APL patients enrolled in three consecutive trials. Treatment consisted of AIDA induction followed by risk-adapted consolidation. A CK (CK) was defined as the presence of ≥2 ACA, and a very CK (CK+) as ≥3 ACA. Eighty-nine patients (8%) had a CK, of whom 41 (4%) had CK+. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in patients with CK was 18%, and 12% in those with <2 ACA (p=.09). Among patients with CK+, the 5-year CIR was 27% vs 12% (p=.003), retaining the statistical significance in multivariate analysis. This study shows an increased risk of relapse among APL patients with CK + treated with ATRA plus chemotherapy front-line regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Luño
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Edo Vellenga
- c University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Salut Brunet
- d Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Maria C Chillón
- f University Hospital of Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,g CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aleksandra Holowiecka
- h Department of Haematology and BMT , Silesian Medical University , Katowice , Poland
| | | | - Juan Bergua
- j Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara , Cáceres , Spain
| | | | - Cristina Gil
- l Hospital General de Alicante , Alicante , Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- m Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Olga Salamero
- n Hospital Universitario Vall d´Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- u ICO-Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jose Cervera
- v Hematology Department , Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Calasanz
- g CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,w CIMA Lab Diagnostics , Pamplona , Spain.,x University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Blanca Boluda
- g CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,v Hematology Department , Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marta Sobas
- y Department of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bob Lowenberg
- z Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Sanz
- g CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,v Hematology Department , Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia , Spain.,aa Department of Medicine , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Pau Montesinos
- g CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,v Hematology Department , Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia , Spain
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Molecular Profiling: A Case of ZBTB16-RARA Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Case Rep Hematol 2017; 2017:7657393. [PMID: 28529810 PMCID: PMC5424191 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7657393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several variant RARA translocations have been reported in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) of which the t(11;17)(q23;q21), which results in a ZBTB16-RARA fusion, is the most widely identified and is largely resistant to therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The clinical course together with the cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a case of ATRA-unresponsive ZBTB16-RARA APL is described. Additional mutations potentially cooperating with the translocation fusion product in leukemogenesis have been hitherto unreported in ZBTB16-RARA APL and were sought by application of a next-generation sequencing approach to detect those recurrently found in myeloid malignancies. This technique identified a solitary, low level mutation in the CEBPA gene. Molecular profiling of additional mutations may provide a platform to individualise therapeutic management in patients with this rare form of APL.
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