1
|
Alloferon-1 ameliorates acute inflammatory responses in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16689. [PMID: 36202869 PMCID: PMC9537184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloferon-1 have been proposed as an effective peptide to enhance antitumoral immunity, antiviral defense and anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 against acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Systemic pretreatment with alloferon-1 (22.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected mice showed a significant reduction in paw thickness and vascular permeability. Alloferon-1 prevented λ-carrageenan-evoked exudation and the neutrophil influx to the mouse pleura and the neutrophil migration into carrageenan-stimulated mouse air pouches based on the histopathological changes in the paw tissues. Administration of alloferon-1 also suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed paw tissues such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin-5 (IL-5), etc. detected by Luminex liquid chip. Collectively, the present study provides evidences for the marked anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 which might represent new therapeutic options for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bogoevski K, Woloszyk A, Blackwood K, Woodruff MA, Glatt V. Tissue Morphology and Antigenicity in Mouse and Rat Tibia: Comparing 12 Different Decalcification Conditions. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:545-561. [PMID: 31090479 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419850099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional bone decalcification is a time-consuming process and is therefore unsuitable for clinical applications and time-limited research projects. Consequently, we compared the effect of four different decalcification solutions applied at three different temperatures, and assessed the rate of decalcification and the implications on tissue morphology and antigenicity of mouse and rat tibiae. Bones were decalcified with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% formic acid, 5% hydrochloric acid, and 5% nitric acid at 4C, 25C, and 37C. Decalcification in both species was fastest in nitric acid at 37C and slowest in EDTA at 4C. Histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the conventional protocols of EDTA at 4C and 25C remain the best option regarding the quality of tissue preservation. Whereas formic acid at 4C is a good alternative saving about 90% of the decalcification time, hydrochloric and nitric acids should be avoided particularly in case of rat tibia. By contrast, due to their smaller size, mouse tibiae had shorter decalcification times and tolerated higher temperatures and exposure to acids much better. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that depending on the specific research question and sample size, alternative decalcification methods could be used to decrease the time of decalcification while maintaining histological accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofor Bogoevski
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Keith Blackwood
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Microwave-Assisted Tissue Preparation for Rapid Fixation, Decalcification, Antigen Retrieval, Cryosectioning, and Immunostaining. Int J Cell Biol 2016; 2016:7076910. [PMID: 27840640 PMCID: PMC5093272 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7076910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave irradiation of tissue during fixation and subsequent histochemical staining procedures significantly reduces the time required for incubation in fixation and staining solutions. Minimizing the incubation time in fixative reduces disruption of tissue morphology, and reducing the incubation time in staining solution or antibody solution decreases nonspecific labeling. Reduction of incubation time in staining solution also decreases the level of background noise. Microwave-assisted tissue preparation is applicable for tissue fixation, decalcification of bone tissues, treatment of adipose tissues, antigen retrieval, and other special staining of tissues. Microwave-assisted tissue fixation and staining are useful tools for histological analyses. This review describes the protocols using microwave irradiation for several essential procedures in histochemical studies, and these techniques are applicable to other protocols for tissue fixation and immunostaining in the field of cell biology.
Collapse
|
4
|
Imaizumi K, Taniguchi K, Ogawa Y. An evaluation of the effect of microwave irradiation on bone decalcification aimed to DNA extraction. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2013; 15:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Chu TW, Liu YG, Wang ZG, Zhu PF, Liu LDW. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expression during the process of fracture healing. Chin J Traumatol 2008; 11:161-4. [PMID: 18507946 DOI: 10.1016/s1008-1275(08)60034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression regularity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the process of fracture healing, and the type of VEGF receptor expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the fracture site. METHODS The fracture model was made in the middle part of left radius in 35 rabbits. The specimens from the fracture site were harvested at 8, 24, 72 hours and 1, 3, 5, 8 weeks, and then fixed, decalcified, and sectioned frozenly to detect the expression of VEGF and its receptor at the fracture site by in situ hybridization and immunochemical assays. RESULTS VEGF mRNA and VEGF expression was detected in many kinds of cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture. Flt1 receptor of VEGF was found in the vascular endothelial cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture, and strong expression of flk1 receptor was detected from 3 days to 3 weeks after fracture. CONCLUSIONS The expression of VEGF and flt1 receptor appears during the whole course of fracture healing, especially from 1 to 3 weeks. Flk1 receptor is highly expressed in a definite period after fracture. VEGF is proved to be involved in the vascular reconstruction and fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-wei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsuboi H, Udagawa N, Hashimoto J, Yoshikawa H, Takahashi N, Ochi T. Nurse-like cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis support the survival of osteoclast precursors via macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 52:3819-28. [PMID: 16320327 DOI: 10.1002/art.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of nurse-like cells (NLCs) obtained from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in bone loss during progressive synovial expansion. METHODS CD14+ monocytes were cocultured with NLCs for 4 weeks and collected as NLC-supported CD14+ (NCD14+) monocytes. To determine their ability to differentiate into osteoclasts, NCD14+ monocytes were further cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) together with RANKL or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). NCD14+ monocytes were also cocultured with SaOS-4/3 cells, which were shown to support osteoclastogenesis in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). CD14+ monocytes were cocultured with SaOS-4/3 cells to elucidate how SaOS-4/3 cells and NLCs supported CD14+ monocytes for a long period. Synovial expansion adjacent to bone in RA patients was examined immunohistochemically to detect osteoclast precursors such as NCD14+ monocytes. RESULTS NLCs supported the survival of CD14+ monocytes for 4 weeks. NCD14+ as well as CD14+ monocytes differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF together with RANKL or TNFalpha. NCD14+ monocytes also differentiated into osteoclasts in PTH-treated cocultures with SaOS-4/3 cells. SaOS-4/3 cells supported the survival of CD14+ monocytes for 4 weeks in the presence, but not absence, of PTH. Treatment of SaOS-4/3 cells with PTH up-regulated the expression of M-CSF messenger RNA. Neutralizing antibodies against M-CSF inhibited the NLC-supported survival of CD14+ monocytes. CD68+ monocytes and M-CSF+ fibroblast-like synoviocytes were colocalized in regions adjacent to the destroyed bone of RA patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NLCs are involved in RA-induced bone destruction by maintaining osteoclast precursors via production of M-CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tsuboi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ekuni D, Firth JD, Putnins EE. RNA integrity and in situ RT-PCR in dento-alveolar tissues after microwave accelerated demineralisation. Arch Oral Biol 2005; 51:164-9. [PMID: 16098949 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structural organization of oral soft tissue and its relationship with highly calcified teeth are difficult to preserve unless tissues are decalcified, paraffin embedded and subsequently sectioned. However, enamel decalcification time and its negative impact on RNA integrity makes it difficult to effectively analyse in situ gene expression. This study examined the impact of microwave-enhanced decalcification on processing time, RNA integrity and detection of in situ mRNA expression in hard and soft tissue for cell type specific markers of Keratinocyte growth factor receptor, Scleraxis and Osteonectin. DESIGN Maxillas and mandibles were obtained from three male Wistar strain rats. Right side tissues were decalcified using a microwave plus 10% EDTA solution (M+) while left side tissues were decalcified in 10% EDTA solution alone (M-). RESULTS Microwave use reduced decalcification time by up to 50% and had no significant impact on morphology, RNA quality and in situ detection of gene expression relative to the M-group. CONCLUSIONS In situ RT-PCR gene expression of microwave decalcified paraffin-embedded oral tissues is an effective technique to localize in situ gene expression while maintaining excellent soft and hard tissue architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miyaji T, Nakase T, Iwasaki M, Kuriyama K, Tamai N, Higuchi C, Myoui A, Tomita T, Yoshikawa H. Expression and distribution of transcripts for sonic hedgehog in the early phase of fracture repair. Histochem Cell Biol 2003; 119:233-7. [PMID: 12649738 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-003-0501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Localization and expression of mRNAs for sonic hedgehog (Shh) at a fracture site in the early phase postfracture were investigated by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A closed fracture was made in the midshaft of the right tibia of 5-week-old ICR mice, and fractured sites were harvested prefracture (day 0) and on days 2 and 12. In situ hybridization revealed that transcripts for Shh were not detected on day 0, but they were detected in proliferating callus-forming cells in the periosteum and the surrounding tissue, and in the medullary cavity prior to apparent new cartilage and bone formation. Gli 1 (a signaling mediator for Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein-4 transcripts were colocalized with those for Shh transcripts on day 2. The RT-PCR showed that Shh mRNA was detected in the PCR product from day 2, but not from days 0 and 12. These findings are the first description about the activation of Shh gene in the early postfracture reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Miyaji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2, Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsuboi H, Matsui Y, Hayashida K, Yamane S, Maeda-Tanimura M, Nampei A, Hashimoto J, Suzuki R, Yoshikawa H, Ochi T. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells in rheumatoid synovium may induce the destruction of articular cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:196-203. [PMID: 12594102 PMCID: PMC1754448 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells in the destruction of articular cartilage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The presence of TRAP positive cells in the synovial tissue of patients with RA was examined by enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Expression of mRNAs for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and northern blot analysis. Production of MMPs by mononuclear and multinucleated TRAP positive cells was examined by immunocytochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of conditioned medium, and immunohistochemistry of human RA synovial tissue. In addition, a cartilage degradation assay was performed by incubation of (35)S prelabelled cartilage discs with TRAP positive cells. RESULTS TRAP positive mononuclear cells and multinucleated cells were found in proliferating synovial tissue adjacent to the bone-cartilage interface in patients with RA. Expression of MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-9 (gelatinase B), MMP-12 (macrophage metalloelastase), and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) mRNA was detected in TRAP positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells by both RT-PCR and northern blot analysis. Immunocytochemistry for these MMPs showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were produced by both TRAP positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells, whereas MMP-12 and MMP-14 were produced by TRAP positive multinucleated cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected in the conditioned medium of TRAP positive mononuclear cells. TRAP positive mononuclear cells also induced the release of (35)S from prelabelled cartilage discs. CONCLUSION This study suggests that TRAP positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells located in the synovium at the cartilage-synovial interface produce MMP-2 and MMP-9, and may have an important role in articular cartilage destruction in patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuboi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ariga K, Yonenobu K, Nakase T, Kaneko M, Okuda S, Uchiyama Y, Yoshikawa H. Localization of cathepsins D, K, and L in degenerated human intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:2666-72. [PMID: 11740352 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112150-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Localization of cathepsins D, K, and L in degenerated intervertebral discs was examined by immunohistochemistry. OBJECTIVES To determine the involvement of cathepsins in the pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration by monitoring the immunolocalization of cathepsins in degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Cathepsins D, K, and L are enzymes that contribute to the matrix destruction seen in the articular cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, little is known about the contribution of these cathepsins to intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections of degenerated intervertebral disc tissue collected at the time of surgery (13 discs from 12 patients) were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for cathepsins D, K, and L. For further characterization of the stained cells, immunohistochemical detection of CD68 and TRAP staining were performed. RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed obvious signs of degeneration in all sections. Cathepsins D and L were immunolocalized in disc fibrochondrocytes at various sites exhibiting degeneration. Cathepsins K were found in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, in particular near the cleft within the cartilaginous endplate. However, few cells were positive for these cathepsins in anulus fibrosus that maintained the lamellar structure of collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS Marked expression of cathepsins D and L was observed at the site of degeneration. Cathepsins D and K localized in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells existed at the cleft between the cartilaginous endplate and vertebral body. The site-specific localization of these cathepsins suggests the association of these proteinases with endplate separation and disorganization of the anulus fibrosus in degenerative spinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ariga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaneko M, Tomita T, Nakase T, Ohsawa Y, Seki H, Takeuchi E, Takano H, Shi K, Takahi K, Kominami E, Uchiyama Y, Yoshikawa H, Ochi T. Expression of proteinases and inflammatory cytokines in subchondral bone regions in the destructive joint of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:247-55. [PMID: 11285370 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously described abnormalities in the bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but were able to shed little light on the pathogenic roles of inflammatory cytokines and proteinases in joint destruction in the subchondral region in RA. This is the first report to describe the co-localization of cytokines and proteinases in this area. METHODS Decalcified paraffin-embedded sections from 10 patients with RA and five patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were examined for the immunolocalization of cathepsins B, K and L and the localization of messenger RNAs for interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The cells were double-stained with anti-CD68 or anti-prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PH) antibody. RESULTS An immunohistochemical study confirmed the expression of cathepsins B and L by CD68-positive mononuclear cells at the sites of significant cartilage and bone erosion from the subchondral region in all RA specimens. Osteoclast-like cells showed intense staining for cathepsin K and MMP-9. Osteoblast-like cells strongly expressed MMP-9. Analysis of serial sections revealed that expression of the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha genes occurred near that of the cathepsins and MMP-9 in the subchondral region. CONCLUSION We conclude that inflammatory cytokines and tissue-damaging proteinases play important roles in joint destruction in the subchondral region in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Keithley EM, Truong T, Chandronait B, Billings PB. Immunohistochemistry and microwave decalcification of human temporal bones. Hear Res 2000; 148:192-6. [PMID: 10978836 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(00)00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Processing of human temporal bones is a long, expensive process and the resulting celloidin sections are difficult to use for immunohistochemistry. We tested the ability of immunohistochemical assays to work in human temporal bones that were decalcified using a microwave oven. Tissue was trimmed to an approximate cube (1.5-2 cm/side) containing only the cochlea and immersed in fresh EDTA with paraformaldehyde every 6 h. This sized block required 190-400 h to decalcify. The decalcified tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Sections were immunoassayed with anti-cytochrome c oxidase, anti-neurofilament or anti-peripherin. All three antibodies labeled the appropriate structures. This procedure may stimulate advancement in the understanding of human inner ear pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Keithley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0666, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|