1
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Geng X, Li S, Li J, Qi R, Zhong L, Yu H. MDMA targets miR-124/MEKK3 via MALAT1 to promote Parkinson's disease progression. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8889-8899. [PMID: 37688681 PMCID: PMC10635915 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disease that is usually caused by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons and the formation of Lewy vesicles. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been reported to cause damage to human substantia nigra neurons and an increased risk of PD, but the exact molecular mechanisms need further investigation. METHODS MPTP- and MPP+-induced PD cells and animal models were treated with Nissl staining to assess neuronal damage in the substantia nigra (SN) area; immunohistochemistry to detect TH expression in the SN; TUNEL staining to detect apoptosis in the SN area; Western blotting to detect the inflammatory factors NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3); Griess assay for NO; RT‒qPCR for metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and miR-124 expression; Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8. Dual luciferase reporter genes were used to verify targeting relationships. RESULTS MDMA promoted MALAT1 expression, and knockdown of MALAT1 alleviated the MDMA-induced inhibition of SH-SY5Y cell proliferation, inflammation, NO release, SN neuronal injury, and TH expression inhibition. Both inhibition of miR-124 and overexpression of MEKK3 reversed the neuroprotective effects exhibited by knockdown of MALAT1. CONCLUSION MDMA promotes MALAT1 expression and inhibits the targeted downregulation of MEKK3 by miR-124, resulting in upregulation of the expression of MEKK3 and finally jointly promoting PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Renli Qi
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hualin Yu
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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2
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Ozkizilcik A, Sharma A, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired delivery of antibodies to tau and neuronal nitric oxide synthase together with cerebrolysin attenuates traumatic brain injury induced exacerbation of brain pathology in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:83-121. [PMID: 37783564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Concussive head injury (CHI) is one of the major risk factors for developing Parkinson's disease in later life of military personnel affecting lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances. Till date no suitable therapies are available to attenuate CHI or PD induced brain pathology. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents are highly warranted using nanomedicine in enhancing the quality of life of veterans or service members of US military. Since PD or CHI induces oxidative stress and perturbs neurotrophic factors regulation associated with phosphorylated tau (p-tau) deposition, a possibility exists that nanodelivery of agents that could enhance neurotrophic factors balance and attenuate oxidative stress could be neuroprotective in nature. In this review, nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments together with monoclonal antibodies to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with p-tau antibodies was examined in PD following CHI in model experiments. Our results suggest that combined administration of nanowired antibodies to nNOS and p-tau together with cerebrolysin significantly attenuated CHI induced exacerbation of PD brain pathology. This combined treatment also has beneficial effects in CHI or PD alone, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Ozkizilcik
- Dept. Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United Staes
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Albany str, Boston MA, United States
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Shi J, Xia C, Tian Q, Zeng X, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Untargeted metabolomics based on LC–MS to elucidate the mechanism underlying nitrite degradation by Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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5
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Clarke BE, Gil RS, Yip J, Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Regional differences in the inflammatory and heat shock response in glia: implications for ALS. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:857-870. [PMID: 31168740 PMCID: PMC6717175 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferential neuronal vulnerability is characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is well established that glia play a critical role in ALS, but it is unknown whether regional differences in the ability of glia to support motor neurons contribute to the specific pattern of neuronal degeneration. In this study, using primary mixed glial cultures from different mouse CNS regions (spinal cord and cortex), we examined whether regional differences exist in key glial pathways that contribute to, or protect against, motor neuron degeneration. Specifically, we examined the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway and the cytoprotective heat shock response (HSR). Glial cultures were treated with pro-inflammatory stimuli, tumour necrosis factor-ɑ/lipopolysaccharide or heat stressed to stimulate the inflammatory and HSR respectively. We found that spinal cord glia expressed more iNOS and produced more NO compared to cortical glia in response to inflammatory stimuli. Intriguingly, we found that expression of ALS-causing SOD1G93A did not elevate the levels of NO in spinal cord glia. However, activation of the stress-responsive HSR was attenuated in SOD1G93A cultures, with a reduced Hsp70 induction in response to stressful stimuli. Exposure of spinal cord glia to heat shock in combination with inflammatory stimuli reduced the activation of the inflammatory response. The results of this study suggest that impaired heat shock response in SOD1G93A glia may contribute to the exacerbated inflammatory reactions observed in ALS mice. Graphical abstract Mixed primary glial cultures were established from cortical and spinal cord regions of wild-type mice and mice expressing ALS-causing mutant human SOD1 and the inflammatory and heat shock responses were investigated in these cultures. In the absence of stress, all cultures appeared to have similar cellular composition, levels of inflammatory mediators and similar expression level of heat shock proteins. When stimulated, spinal cord glia were more reactive and activated the inflammatory pathway more readily than cortical glia; this response was similar in wild-type and SOD1G93A glial cultures. Although the heat shock response was similar in spinal cord and cortical glial, in SOD1G93A expressing glia from both the spinal cord and cortex, the induction of heat shock response was diminished. This impaired heat shock response in SOD1G93A glia may therefore contribute to the exacerbated inflammatory reactions observed in ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Jing Yip
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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6
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Morris G, Maes M, Berk M, Puri BK. Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop? Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:385-415. [PMID: 30758706 PMCID: PMC6428797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of the development and progression of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis), the aetiology of which is currently unknown, is put forward, starting with a consideration of the post-infection role of damage-associated molecular patterns and the development of chronic inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress in genetically predisposed individuals. The consequences are detailed, including the role of increased intestinal permeability and the translocation of commensal antigens into the circulation, and the development of dysautonomia, neuroinflammation, and neurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities. Increasing levels of such stress and the switch to immune and metabolic downregulation are detailed next in relation to the advent of hypernitrosylation, impaired mitochondrial performance, immune suppression, cellular hibernation, endotoxin tolerance and sirtuin 1 activation. The role of chronic stress and the development of endotoxin tolerance via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation and the characteristics of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and T cells, including regulatory T cells, in endotoxin tolerance are detailed next. Finally, it is shown how the immune and metabolic abnormalities of chronic fatigue syndrome can be explained by endotoxin tolerance, thus completing the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
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7
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Carroll CB, Wyse RKH. Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:545-568. [PMID: 29036837 PMCID: PMC5676977 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many now believe the holy grail for the next stage of therapeutic advance surrounds the development of disease-modifying approaches aimed at intercepting the year-on-year neurodegenerative decline experienced by most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on recommendations of an international committee of experts who are currently bringing multiple, potentially disease-modifying, PD therapeutics into long-term neuroprotective PD trials, a clinical trial involving 198 patients is underway to determine whether Simvastatin provides protection against chronic neurodegeneration. Statins are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, and act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. It is also known that statins serve as ligands for PPARα, a known arbiter for mitochondrial size and number. Statins possess multiple cholesterol-independent biochemical mechanisms of action, many of which offer neuroprotective potential (suppression of proinflammatory molecules & microglial activation, stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation, modulation of adaptive immunity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors). We describe the biochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical credentials that continue to underpin the rationale for taking Simvastatin into a disease-modifying trial in PD patients. While unrelated to the Simvastatin trial (because this conducted in patients who already have PD), we discuss conflicting epidemiological studies which variously suggest that statin use for cardiovascular prophylaxis may increase or decrease risk of developing PD. Finally, since so few disease-modifying PD trials have ever been launched (compared to those of symptomatic therapies), we discuss the rationale of the trial structure we have adopted, decisions made, and lessons learnt so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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8
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Chen YH, Huang EYK, Kuo TT, Miller J, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ. Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Dopaminergic Transmission. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1156-1168. [PMID: 28933212 PMCID: PMC5657731 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain trauma is often associated with severe morbidity and is a major public health concern. Even when injury is mild and no obvious anatomic disruption is seen, many individuals suffer disabling neuropsychological impairments such as memory loss, mood dysfunction, substance abuse, and adjustment disorder. These changes may be related to subtle disruption of neural circuits as well as functional changes at the neurotransmitter level. In particular, there is considerable evidence that dopamine (DA) physiology in the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways might be impaired after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Alterations in DA levels can lead to oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction, and DA plays an important role in central nervous system inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of DA pathways may offer benefits for both neuronal survival and functional outcome after TBI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of DA pathology in acute TBI and the potential impact of therapies that target these systems for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Yuan-Hao Chen, Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 4F, No. 325, 2nd Sec., Cheng-Kung Road, Nei-Hu District, Taipei City, 114 Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Joshi N, Singh S. Updates on immunity and inflammation in Parkinson disease pathology. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:379-390. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center; San Francisco California
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
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10
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Liu B, Lv C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Sun J, Cheng X, Mao W, Ma Y, Li S. Effects of eldepryl on glial cell proliferation and activation in the substantia nigra and striatum in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Res 2017; 39:459-467. [PMID: 28276259 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1297911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chaonan Lv
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaohua Cheng
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenjing Mao
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shiying Li
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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11
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Chakraborty J, Basso V, Ziviani E. Post translational modification of Parkin. Biol Direct 2017; 12:6. [PMID: 28222786 PMCID: PMC5319146 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin are associated to a rare form of familiar autosomal recessive Parkinsonism. Despite decades of research on the Parkin protein, whose structure has been recently solved, little is known about the specific signalling pathways that lead to Parkin activation. Parkin activity spans from mitochondria quality control to tumor suppression and stress protection; it is thus tempting to hypothesize that the broad impact of Parkin on cellular physiology might be the result of different post translational modifications that can be controlled by balanced opposing events. Sequence alignment of Parkin from different species indicates high homology between domains across Parkin orthologs and identifies highly conserved amino acid residues that, if modified, impinge on Parkin functions. In this review, we summarize findings on post translational modifications that have been shown to affect Parkin activity and stability. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Prof. Dr. Konstanze F. Winklhofer and by Prof. Thomas Simmen. Both reviewers have been nominated by Professor Luca Pellegrini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Basso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto IRCCS San Camillo, Lido di Venezia, Venezia,, Italy.
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12
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Engskog MKR, Ersson L, Haglöf J, Arvidsson T, Pettersson C, Brittebo E. β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) perturbs alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathways in human neuroblastoma cells as determined by metabolic profiling. Amino Acids 2017; 49:905-919. [PMID: 28161796 PMCID: PMC5383692 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that induces long-term cognitive deficits, as well as an increased neurodegeneration and intracellular fibril formation in the hippocampus of adult rodents following short-time neonatal exposure and in vervet monkey brain following long-term exposure. It has also been proposed to be involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease in humans. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic effects not related to excitotoxicity or oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of BMAA (50, 250, 1000 µM) for 24 h on cells differentiated with retinoic acid were studied. Samples were analyzed using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy to detect altered intracellular polar metabolites. The analysis performed, followed by multivariate pattern recognition techniques, revealed significant perturbations in protein biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism pathways and citrate cycle. Of specific interest were the BMAA-induced alterations in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and as well as alterations in various neurotransmitters/neuromodulators such as GABA and taurine. The results indicate that BMAA can interfere with metabolic pathways involved in neurotransmission in human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael K R Engskog
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lisa Ersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Product Agency, Box 26, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 42, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Brittebo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Irwin MH, Moos WH, Faller DV, Steliou K, Pinkert CA. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:109-23. [PMID: 26899010 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research In this review, we discuss epigenetic-driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant-histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard-to-treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109-123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,SRI Biosciences, A Division of SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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14
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Szijártó IA, Gorina YV, Lopatina OL, Gertsog GE, Filipovic MR, Gollasch M. H2S- and NO-Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Amyloid Vasculopathy: Synergism or Antagonism? Front Physiol 2015; 6:361. [PMID: 26696896 PMCID: PMC4675996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's type of neurodegeneration dramatically affects H2S and NO synthesis and interactions in the brain, which results in dysregulated vasomotor function, brain tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, development of perivascular inflammation, promotion of Aβ deposition, and impairment of neurogenesis/angiogenesis. H2S- and NO-signaling pathways have been described to offer protection against Alzheimer's amyloid vasculopathy and neurodegeneration. This review describes recent developments of the increasing relevance of H2S and NO in Alzheimer's disease (AD). More studies are however needed to fully determine their potential use as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's and other forms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - István A. Szijártó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E. Gertsog
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
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15
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Wilson C, González-Billault C. Regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by redox signaling and oxidative stress: implications for neuronal development and trafficking. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:381. [PMID: 26483635 PMCID: PMC4588006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper balance between chemical reduction and oxidation (known as redox balance) is essential for normal cellular physiology. Deregulation in the production of oxidative species leads to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and aberrant post-translational modification of proteins, which in most cases induces injury, cell death and disease. However, physiological concentrations of oxidative species are necessary to support important cell functions, such as chemotaxis, hormone synthesis, immune response, cytoskeletal remodeling, Ca2+ homeostasis and others. Recent evidence suggests that redox balance regulates actin and microtubule dynamics in both physiological and pathological contexts. Microtubules and actin microfilaments contain certain amino acid residues that are susceptible to oxidation, which reduces the ability of microtubules to polymerize and causes severing of actin microfilaments in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In contrast, inhibited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., due to NOXs) leads to aberrant actin polymerization, decreases neurite outgrowth and affects the normal development and polarization of neurons. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence suggesting that both general and specific enzymatic sources of redox species exert diverse effects on cytoskeletal dynamics. Considering the intimate relationship between cytoskeletal dynamics and trafficking, we also discuss the potential effects of redox balance on intracellular transport via regulation of the components of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton as well as cytoskeleton-associated proteins, which may directly impact localization of proteins and vesicles across the soma, dendrites and axon of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Wilson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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