1
|
Lemmer B. Signal Transduction and Chronopharmacology of Regulation of Circadian Cardiovascular Rhythms in Animal Models of Human Hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2017; 13:739-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
2
|
Grundt C, Meier K, Lemmer B. Gender Dependency of Circadian Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Profiles in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Effects of Beta‐Blockers. Chronobiol Int 2009; 23:813-29. [PMID: 16887750 DOI: 10.1080/07420520600827129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated (i) blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and their relation to urinary NOx and eNOS protein expression in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as (ii) gender-dependent cardiovascular effects of nebivolol (NEB) in comparison to metoprolol (MET) in SHR. BP and HR were measured telemetrically after a single intraperitoneal application of NEB or MET at 07.00 and 19.00 h in male rats and at 19.00 h in proestrus female rats. The two beta-blockers varied in time of decreasing BP and HR and also in duration. In males, MET decreased BP and HR for few hours exclusively when applied at the onset of the activity phase (i.e., at 19.00 h), while after its application at 07.00 h, BP and HR were unchanged. In females, MET also caused a short-lasting BP and HR reduction, with the effect being more pronounced than in males. In males, NEB at either dosing time decreased HR and BP to a greater extent than did MET. This effect was evident both during the activity and rest periods and persisted for at least five days. In females, NEB provoked a similar, but more pronounced, effect on BP and HR in comparison to males. These findings demonstrate that significant gender-dependent differences in the circadian profile of BP and HR exist. BP and urinary NOx as well as eNOS expression are inversely correlated, and the cardiovascular effects of NEB and MET vary, depending on the time of application as well as gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grundt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yegnanarayan R, Balwani JH. Circadian variations in high blood pressure lowering effects of clonidine and alpha methyl dopa. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291019409360307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Yegnanarayan
- a No. 12, Meghdoot, 173, Mukundnagar, Pune, 411 037, India
- b Dept. of Pharmacology , B.J.M.C. , Pune, 411001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemmer B, Scheidel B, Behne S. Chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodynamics of cardiovascular active drugs. Propranolol, organic nitrates, nifedipine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 618:166-81. [PMID: 2006786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb27245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Lemmer
- Center for Pharmacology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mattes A, Lemmer B. Effects of amlodipine on circadian rhythms in blood pressure, heart rate, and motility: a telemetric study in rats. Chronobiol Int 1991; 8:526-38. [PMID: 1839243 DOI: 10.3109/07420529109059188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In male Wistar rats [light(L): 07:00-19:00 h, dark(D): 19:00-07:00 h], the effects of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine (1, 3, 10 mg/kg i.p.) on blood pressure, heart rate, and motor activity were studied by telemetric monitoring. Amlodipine was injected either at 07:00 h or at 19:00 h. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were dose-dependently decreased with more pronounced effects in the dark span, ED50 values in D were about seven times lower than in L. In contrast, the dose-dependent increase in heart rate was more pronounced in L than in D. No significant effects of amlodipine were found on motor activity. The study gives evidence for a circadian phase-dependency in the cardiovascular effects amlodipine in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mattes
- Zentrum der Pharmakologie, J. W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and the hemodynamic effects (blood pressure, heart rate) of oral organic nitrates have been investigated in healthy subjects after oral single-dose application either in the morning or in the evening. Isosorbide-5-monitrate (IS-5-MN, 60 mg) was administered as an immediate-release tablet or as a slow-release formulation. Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN, 20 mg) was ingested as an immediate-release tablet. After administration of IS-5-MN as an immediate-release tablet, the drug was more rapidly absorbed in the morning (tmax of 0.9 h) than in the evening (tmax of 2.1 h). The rapid absorption led to more pronounced effects in the morning, at which time maximum drug concentrations occurred at the same time as peak effects were observed. After evening administration, however, peak effects were in advance of the maximum drug concentrations. No chronokinetics were observed after application of the slow-release formulation of IS-5-MN. In accordance with the results of the immediate-release formulation, peak effects of the slow-release preparation occurred significantly earlier than peak drug concentrations after evening than after morning dosing. ISDN bioavailability was higher after morning than after evening administration and hemodynamic effects were more pronounced in the evening than in the morning. These results show that daily variations in pharmacokinetics and/or hemodynamic effects can be observed with oral nitrates. In addition, galenic formulation can influence the time-specified pharmacokinetics of IS-5-MN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Scheidel
- Zentrallaboratorium Deutscher Apotheker, Eschborn, F.R.G
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langner B, Lemmer B. Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral propranolol in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33:619-24. [PMID: 3366165 DOI: 10.1007/bf00542498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Four subjects were synchronized with activity from 07 to 23 h and were given a single oral dose of 80 mg racemic propranolol at fixed times (08, 14, 20 and 02 h) at weekly intervals. ANOVA revealed significant circadian changes in the peak propranolol concentration (Cmax), with a maximum at 08 h and a minimum at 02 h after drug intake; tmax was not dependent on the circadian phase. The elimination half-life varied significantly with the time of day, being shortest at 08 h (3.3 h) and longest at 20 h (4.9 h). The stereospecificity of the propranolol pharmacokinetics was not dependent on the time of drug intake. No circadian variation was found in the maximum decrease in heart rate, but the time to peak effect was dependent on the time of drug intake; tmax was 2.3 h at 08 h and 7.0 h at 02 h. Thus, the time to peak drug concentration did not coincide with the time to peak effect on heart rate at different times of day. Circadian changes were also found in the systolic blood pressure and in the double product. The results show a significant daily variation in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of propranolol. However, chronokinetics cannot explain the circadian changes in the effects of the drug. It is concluded that circadian variation in sympathetic tone and vascular reactivity is mainly responsible for the circadian changes in the effects of propranolol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Langner
- Center of Pharmacology, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Most knowledge of medications has been derived from single- and multiple-dose investigations in which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phenomena have been evaluated following one, usually, daytime drug administration. Chronopharmacologic studies involving the evaluation of such phenomena after each of several different clock-hour treatments during the day- and nighttime reveal that biological rhythmic processes, such as those of 24 hr, can profoundly affect the kinetics and effects of various medications. Several new concepts have arisen based on findings from chronopharmacologic investigations, such as chronokinetics, chronesthesy and chronergy. These are defined and discussed herein using illustrative examples. A major goal of chronopharmacologic research is to devise chronotherapeutic interventions. Chronotherapeutics is the optimization of drug effects and/or minimization of toxicity by timing medications with regard to biological rhythms. Chronotherapeutics takes into account predictable administration-time-dependent variation in the pharmacokinetics of drugs as well as the susceptibility of target tissues due to temporal organization of physiochemical processes and functions of the body as circadian and other rhythms. The unequally divided and once-daily theophylline treatment schedules for the clinical management of nocturnal asthma, which are discussed in this issue, represent steps toward a chronotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lemmer
- Zentrum der Pharmakologie, J.W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, F.R.G
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lemmer B, Winkler H, Ohm T, Fink M. Chronopharmacokinetics of beta-receptor blocking drugs of different lipophilicity (propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol, atenolol) in plasma and tissues after single and multiple dosing in the rat. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1985; 330:42-9. [PMID: 2864639 DOI: 10.1007/bf00586708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Comparative pharmacokinetic studies with the beta-receptor blocking drugs propranolol, metoprolol, sotalol and atenolol, differing greatly in lipophilicity, and their main route of elimination were performed in light-dark-synchronized rats after equimolar single (6 mumoles/kg) or multiple (6 X 6 mumoles/kg) drug application. Drug concentrations were determined in plasma and various target organs of the drugs, e.g. heart, muscle, lung and brain, after drug application in the light period (L) and dark period (D), respectively. After single drug administration pharmacokinetic parameters of all drugs depended on the L and D conditions. Elimination half-lives in plasma and organs were shorter during D than during L. No L-D-differences were found in initial drug concentrations of the hydrophilic drugs sotalol and atenolol. In contrast, C0-values of the lipophilic propranolol in highly perfused organs (muscle, lung, brain) and of metoprolol in muscle tissue were significantly higher in D than in L. No obvious temporal dependency was found in other pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, plasma clearance, Vd beta) with the exception in Vd beta of propranolol. Due to the different physico-chemical properties of the compounds inter-drug-differences in pharmacokinetic parameters including drug accumulation into lung and brain tissue were observed. Multiple drug dosing abolished the circadian-phase-dependency in the elimination half-lives of the drugs due to an increase in D. Only for the highly lipophilic propranolol half-lives in highly perfused organs were still shorter in D than in L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
10
|
Wellstein A, Palm D, Pitschner HF, Belz GG. Receptor binding of propranolol is the missing link between plasma concentration kinetics and the effect-time course in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 29:131-47. [PMID: 3000793 DOI: 10.1007/bf00547412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 6 healthy volunteers, the correlation between beta-adrenoceptor binding, the time course of the effect and plasma concentration kinetics was investigated from 0 to 48 h after a single oral dose of propranolol 240 mg. First, the in vitro beta-adrenoceptor interaction of propranolol was investigated. Propranolol inhibited beta-adrenoceptor binding to rat parotid (beta 1) and reticulocyte (beta 2) membranes in the presence of pooled human plasma with a Ki of about 8 ng/ml plasma. After oral administration of 240 mg propranolol, concentration kinetics in plasma could be described by a Bateman function with a fictive concentration at time 0 of 275 ng/ml plasma, and a mean elimination half-life of 3.5 h. Using the concentration kinetics of propranolol in plasma together with its in vitro beta-adrenoceptor binding characteristics in the presence of placebo plasma from each individual, the time course of antagonism against beta-adrenoceptor mediated effects was predicted. The latter was in agreement with the time course of propranolol-induced inhibition of tachycardia due to orthostasis. After bicycle ergometry, however, the time course of inhibition of tachycardia was shorter than was predicted. Plasma sampled at various times after propranolol administration inhibited beta-adrenoceptor binding of the radioligand 3H-CGP 12177 to rat reticulocyte membranes in a fashion reflecting the time course of inhibition of exercise tachycardia observed in the volunteers. A direct, linear relation was shown between the in vitro inhibition of beta-adrenoceptor binding by the plasma samples withdrawn after propranolol administration and the inhibition of exercise tachycardia observed in parallel. The results show that the concentrations of antagonist present in plasma are representative of the concentrations in the effect compartment. Deep compartments of drug distribution appear irrelevant to the effects of the drugs. The relation between the plasma concentration of propranolol and the reduction in heart rate at various levels of physical effort shows no significant inhibition at rest and increasing IC50-values from orthostasis to 2 min and to 4 min of ergometry. IC50-values after orthostasis are in the range of the Ki-values from in vitro receptor binding studies, whereas the IC50-values after exercise are shifted 2- to 3-fold to the right relative to the Ki-values. This finding is in agreement with increased beta-adrenoceptor stimulation with increasing effort (release of endogenous noradrenaline), which shifts the antagonist concentration-effect curve to the right.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
|
11
|
Lang PH, Bissinger H, Lemmer B. Circadian rhythm and seasonal variations in basal cAMP content of rat heart ventricles. Chronobiol Int 1985; 2:41-5. [PMID: 2452707 DOI: 10.3109/07420528509055540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP content in rat heart ventricles was studied at 3-hr intervals during 24hr at different times of the year. A significant circadian rhythm in cAMP content was found. Time of the year reproducibly influenced the 24-hr mean, the amplitude as well as the peak value in cAMP in relation to circadian time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Lang
- Center of Pharmacology, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemmer B, Ohm T, Winkler H. Determination of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug sotalol in plasma and tissues of the rat by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 309:187-92. [PMID: 6480766 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
13
|
Winkler H, Lemmer B. Determination of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug bupranolol in plasma and tissues of the rat by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 309:193-7. [PMID: 6480767 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
14
|
Lemmer B, Lang PH. Circadian-phase-dependency in [3H]-dihydroalprenolol binding to rat heart ventricular membranes. Chronobiol Int 1984; 1:217-23. [PMID: 6100995 DOI: 10.3109/07420528409063898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Binding studies with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist ligand [3H]-dihydroalprenolol ([3H]-DHA, spec. act, 90-102 Ci/mmol) were performed with ventricular membranes L-D-synchronized (L:0.7-19 hr, D:-07 hr) male rats, sacrificed either at 08 hr or at 20 hr. Saturation experiments with crude or washed and preincubated membranes revealed two affinity states of specific [3H]-DHA binding which were abolished after addition of the guanine nucleotide Gpp(NH)p. In crude membranes the apparent Bmax-value at 20 hr was about 40% higher than at 08 hr, in washed and preincubated membranes the nocturnal increase in the apparent Bmax-value was not observed. Pretreatment of rats with isoprenaline (50 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased and catecholamine depletion (reserpine plus inhibition of tyrosine-hydroxylase) increased Bmax-values in crude membranes. The circadian-stage-dependent and the drug-induced effects on the apparent number of beta-adrenoceptors are assumed to be due to circadian or drug-induced variations in the turnover of cardiac noradrenaline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lemmer
- Center of Pharmacology, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M., Federal Republic of Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|