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Shoukat S, Zia MA, Uzair M, Alsubki RA, Sajid K, Shoukat S, Attia KA, Fiaz S, Ali S, Kimiko I, Ali GM. Synergistic neuroprotection by phytocompounds of Bacopa monnieri in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7967-7979. [PMID: 37535247 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people around the globe are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). This crippling condition has no treatment despite intensive studies. Some phytocompounds have been shown to protect against Alzheimer's in recent studies. METHODS Thus, this work aimed to examine Bacopa monnieri phytocompounds' synergistic effects on neurodegeneration, antioxidant activity, and cognition in the scopolamine-induced AD mice model. The toxicity study of two phytocompounds: quercetin and bacopaside X revealed an LD50 of more than 2000 mg/kg since no deaths occurred. RESULTS The neuroprotection experiment consists of 6 groups i.e., control (saline), scopolamine (1 mg/kg), donepezil (5 mg/kg), Q (25 mg/kg), BX (20 mg/kg), and Q + BX (25 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg). Visual behavioral assessment using the Morris water maze showed that animals in the diseased model group (scopolamine) moved more slowly toward the platform and exhibited greater thigmotaxis behavior than the treatment and control groups. Likewise, the concentration of biochemical NO, GSH, and MDA improved in treatment groups concerning the diseased group. mRNA levels of different marker genes including ChAT, IL-1α, IL-1 β, TNF α, tau, and β secretase (BACE1) improved in treatment groups with respect to the disease group. CONCLUSION Both bacopaside X and quercetin synergistically have shown promising results in neuroprotection. Therefore, it is suggested that Q and BX may work synergistically due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Shoukat
- Department of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, Affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam University, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amir Zia
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Roua A Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaynat Sajid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shoukat
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Itoh Kimiko
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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Das K, Muthukumar A, Almuqbil M, Imran M, Rabaan AA, Halwani MA, Garout M, Alsaleh AA, Alissa M, Alwashmi ASS, Alshehri AA, Alsayyah A, Bhavani K, Mittal S, Gayathri R, Alomar NF, Rabbani SI, Basheeruddin Asdaq SM. Nephroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia roots against vancomycin-induced renal toxicity in experimental animals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1107435. [PMID: 36755952 PMCID: PMC9900101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to investigate the possible nephroprotective effect of an ethanolic root extract of Polyalthia Longifolia (PL) on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity using curative and protective models. Vancomycin (150 mg/kg, intravenous) was given to healthy Wistar albino rats in the curative model before the start of treatment, whereas the protective group received vancomycin at the conclusion of the 10-day treatment procedure. Animals were divided into six groups for both models; group I served as the normal control, while groups II, III, IV, V, and VI were kept as toxic control, standard (selenium, 6 mg/kg), LDPL (low dose of PL 200 mg/kg), HDPL (high dose of PL 400 mg/kg), and HDPL + selenium (interactive) groups, respectively. Renal biomarkers [(uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum proteins], and blood electrolyte levels were measured for all tested groups. When compared to the vancomycin group, the HDPL significantly (p < 0.01) showed greater effectiveness in lowering the BUN, potassium, and calcium levels. Additionally, in the curative model, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the blood levels of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, potassium, and calcium in the animals who received the combination of selenium and HDPL. Both LDPL and HDPL did not provide any distinguishable effect in the protective model, but groups that received HDPL with selenium did provide detectable protection by significantly lowering their levels of uric acid, BUN, serum potassium, and total serum protein in comparison to the vancomycin control group. These findings indicate that, whether administered before or after renal damage is induced, the Polyalthia longifolia root extract provided only modest protection to nephrons, which require selenium support to prevent vancomycin-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Das
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India
| | - A. Muthukumar
- Central Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India,*Correspondence: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, /; A. Muthukumar,
| | - Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Healthcare for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Swati Mittal
- Central Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, /; A. Muthukumar,
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Firdous SM, Ahmed SN, Hossain SM, Ganguli S, Fayed MAA. Polyalthia longifolia: phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal importance, nutritive value, and pharmacological activities review. Med Chem Res. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mostafa NM, Edmond MP, El-Shazly M, Fahmy HA, Sherif NH, Singab ANB. Phytoconstituents and renoprotective effect of Polyalthia longifolia leaves extract on radiation-induced nephritis in rats via TGF- β/smad pathway. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4187-4192. [PMID: 34491152 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1961252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Renoprotectors are highly demanded due to environmental nephrotoxic factors. P. longifolia leaves extract alleviating effect was assessed in nephritic-induced rats by whole body shot dose of γ-radiation. Many biomarkers were detected using several assays. Renohistopathological examinations were performed. Moreover, the extract phytoconstituents were identified using spectroscopic analysis. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of some compounds was examined using histamine release assay. Post-irradiation treatment with the extract significantly ameliorated all elevated biomarker levels. Creatinine and urea were adjusted, TGF-β/Smad signaling was suppressed causing down-regulation to microRNA-21. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and kidney injury molecule-1 were normalized in comparison with the γ-irradiated group. The renohistopathological analysis was consistent with the biochemical study. Phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of two diterpenoids (γ-methoxybutenolide clerodane diterpene and 16(R/S)-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-2-one), aporphine alkaloid (anonaine) and flavonol (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside). The latter two showed moderate anti-histaminic activities. Our results indicated that P. longifolia reduced oxidative stress and nephropathy in rats due to its anti-inflammatory principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Mostafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martina P Edmond
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noheir H Sherif
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nahda University, BeniSuef, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen YC, Chia YC, Huang BM. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia Species: Potential and Implication on Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, and Chemoprevention Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175369. [PMID: 34500802 PMCID: PMC8433920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen tree distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia species have been used long term as indigenous medicine to treat certain diseases, including fever, diabetes, infection, digestive disease, etc. Recent studies have demonstrated that not only crude extracts but also the isolated pure compounds exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, etc. It is known that the initiation of cancer usually takes several years and is related to unhealthy lifestyle, as well as dietary and environmental factors, such as stress, toxins and smoking. In fact, natural or synthetic substances have been used as cancer chemoprevention to delay, impede, or even stop cancer growing. This review is an attempt to collect current available phytochemicals from Polyalthia species, which exhibit anti-cancer potentials for chemoprevention purposes, providing directions for further research on the interesting agents and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, TaJen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-06-2353535 (ext. 5337); Fax: +886-06-2093007
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Edmond MP, Mostafa NM, El-Shazly M, Singab ANB. Two clerodane diterpenes isolated from Polyalthia longifolia leaves: comparative structural features, anti-histaminic and anti- Helicobacter pylori activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5282-5286. [PMID: 32363939 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical studies of methylene chloride soluble fraction from the 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of Polyalthia longifolia (leaves) resulted in the isolation of two known clerodane diterpenes, namely: 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-16,15-olide (1) and (4→2)-abeo-16-hydroxy-cleroda-2,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide-3-al (2). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-histaminic and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. Compound 1 was more potent than 2 with IC50 29.7 μg/mL and 189.2 μg/mL in the anti-histaminic assay and MIC equals to 31.25 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL in the anti-H. pylori assay, as compared with diclofenac (IC50 = 17.9 μg/mL) and clarithromycin (MIC = 1.95 μg/mL), respectively. The differences in their structures, as well as their activity results, indicated important characteristic features necessary for activity. It was suggested that the decalin moiety in 1 was important for both activities. On the other hand, the (4→2)-abeo migration in 2 reduced both activities. The potent activities of 1 suggest its potential application as an anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina P Edmond
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hussain SS, Rafi K, Faizi S, Razzak ZA, Simjee SU. A novel, semi-synthetic diterpenoid 16(R and S)-phenylamino-cleroda-3,13(14), Z-dien-15,16 olide (PGEA-AN) inhibits the growth and cell survival of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by modulating P53 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:105-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liu C, Lee WC, Huang BM, Chia YC, Chen YC, Chen YC. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3, 13-dien-15, 16-olide inhibits the proliferation and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through Akt, mTOR, and MEK-ERK pathways in human renal carcinoma cells. Phytomedicine 2017; 36:95-107. [PMID: 29157834 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well known that it cannot be treated with traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD), isolated from Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. f. var. pendula had been reported to display significant efficacy against cancer cell lines. PURPOSE To determine the anti-tumour activities of CD in two clear cell type RCC (ccRCC) cell lines (A-498 and 786-O). In addition, the underlying mechanisms were also examined. METHODS The cell viabilities of CD-treated ccRCC cells were examined by MTT assay. The apoptotic features were confirmed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate was used to check reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were determined by using fluorescent dyes, rhodamine 123 and 5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). Proapoptotic, anti-apoptotic proteins and intracellular signaling molecules involved in CD-induced apoptosis were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS CD inhibited both 786-O and A-498 cell proliferation and induced a series apoptotic characteristics expressions, ROS accumulation, caspase-3 activation as well as poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in both ccRCC cells. Additionally, CD caused MMP reduction and cytochrome c release from mitochondria as well as inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins, including B cell lymphoma 2 and heat shock protein 70. Mechanically, we address that CD suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via induction of FOXO3a as well as decreased phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, MEK/ERK and their downstream molecules, cMyc and hypoxia inducible factor 2α expression in a concentration- and time-dependent trend. CONCLUSION CD caused cell death through ROS overproduction and induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in ccRCC cells that accompanied with multiple oncogenic signals inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center and Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ta-Jen University, Ping Tung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Khan AK, Ahmed A, Hussain M, Khan IA, Ali SA, Farooq AD, Faizi S. Antibiofilm potential of 16-oxo-cleroda-3, 13(14) E-diene-15 oic acid and its five new γ-amino γ-lactone derivatives against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:480-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pariyani R, Ismail IS, Azam AA, Abas F, Shaari K, Sulaiman MR. Phytochemical Screening and Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Java Tea Leaf Extracts. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:742420. [PMID: 26819955 DOI: 10.1155/2015/742420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The term Java tea refers to the decoction of Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth (Lamiaceae) leaves, which are widely consumed by the people in Europe and South East Asian countries. The OS leaves are known for their use in traditional medicinal systems as a prophylactic and curative agent for urinary stone, diabetes, and hypertension and also as a diuretic agent. The present study was aimed at evaluating its possible toxicity. Herein, the major phytochemical constituents of microwave dried OS leaf, which is the common drying process for tea sachets in the market, were also identified. The acute oral toxicity test of aqueous, 50% aqueous ethanolic, and ethanolic extracts of OS was performed at a dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight of Sprague-Dawley rats. During the 14-day study, the animals were observed for any mortality, behavioral, motor-neuronal abnormalities, body weight, and feed-water consumption pattern. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters to assess the kidney and liver functions were carried out, along with the histological analysis of these organs. It was found that all microwave dried OS leaf extracts did not cause any toxic effects or mortality at the administered dose. No abnormality was noticed in all selected parameters in rats of both sexes as compared with their respective control groups. Thus, the possible oral lethal dose for microwave dried Java tea leaves is more than 5000 mg/Kg body weight.
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Gbedema SY, Bayor MT, Annan K, Wright CW. Clerodane diterpenes from Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn) Thw. var. pendula: Potential antimalarial agents for drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 169:176-182. [PMID: 25914039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance is a major public health challenge in sub-Sahara Africa. Many people are now resorting to the use of herbs in managing malaria due to the increasing treatment failures with the conventional drugs. In this study the ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn) Thw. var. pendula, a variety fondly used in folklore medicine in Ghana was investigated for potential antimalarial drug development. METHOD The ethanolic extract of P. longifolia (Sonn) Thw. var. pendula stem bark was screened against the multidrug resistant, K1 strain of P. falciparum by the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay and a good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 22.04± 4.23µg/ml) was observed which led to further chromatographic analysis in search for actives. RESULTS Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract yielded; three clerodane diterpenes [16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide (1), 16-oxocleroda-3,13E-dien-15-oic acid (2) and 3,16-dihydroxycleroda-4(18),13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (3)], a steroid [beta-stigmasterol (4)] and two alkaloids [darienine (5) and stepholidine (6)]. While compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibited weak antiplasmodial activity (IC50 22-105µg/ml), the clerodane diterpenes exhibited significantly potent (p<0.005) blood schizonticidal activity (IC50: 3-6µg/ml). This is the first report of the antiplasmodial activity of compounds 2 and 3. In combination assay with chloroquine, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 antagonized the antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine while 4 and 6 demonstrated a synergistic action. CONCLUSION The potent antiplasmodial activity of the extract of P. longifolia (Sonn) Thw. var. pendula and compounds therein strongly suggests its usefulness as an antimalarial agent and supports its inclusion or exploitation in formulations of herbal remedies for malaria in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y Gbedema
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Marcel T Bayor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Annan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Colin W Wright
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
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Morales G, Paredes A, Olivares A, Bravo J. Acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Lampaya medicinalis Phil in rats. Biol Res 2014; 47:6. [PMID: 25027298 PMCID: PMC4193980 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Algesia and inflammation are related with several pathological conditions. It is known that many drugs available for the treatment of these problems cause unwanted side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) widely used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile against rheumatism, arthritis and body joints pain. Results Oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) at the highest dose of 3000 mg/ Kg body weight resulted in no mortalities or evidence of significant behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed normal architecture and no significant adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, heart, lung or ovaries and testicles. The results suggest that the oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from Lampaya medicinalis did not produce any toxic effect in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in dose – response relationship, at test doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/Kg body weight. Maximum inhibition (61.98 ± 2.69%) was noted at 300 mg/Kg after 2 h of drug treatment carrageenan induced paw edema, whereas indomethacin produced 47.90 ± 1.16% of inhibition. The inhibitory values of edema at 3 h postcarrageenan were 31.04±0.75%, 40.51 ± 2.36%, 48.97 ± 1.14% and 56.87 ± 0.41% for 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg of extract respectively. Indomethacin (10 mg/Kg) gave a percentage inhibition of 49.44 ± 1.44. HAE (300 and 150 mg/kg) induced an anti-inflammatory effect greater than (or comparable) with the effect of indomethacin from 2nd to 4th hours of the experiment. Conclusions Our results reveal for first time that compounds contained in the hydroalcoholic extract of Lampaya medicinalis Phil exert anti-inflammatory effect and the oral administration is safe and non toxic up to dose level 3000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory activity may be associated with the presence of flavonoids. These findings also justify the traditional use of the plant for treating pain.
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Bak MJ, Kim KB, Jun M, Jeong WS. Safety of red ginseng oil for single oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Ginseng Res 2013; 38:78-81. [PMID: 24558315 PMCID: PMC3915330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The single oral administration of red ginseng oil (5000 mg/kg) to Sprague–Dawley rats induced no changes in behavioral patterns, clinical signs, and body weight, and hepatotoxicity parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for 14 d. Therefore, these results suggest that the red ginseng oil is safe and nontoxic acutely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Bak
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-An, Korea
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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Jothy SL, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of the Genotoxic Potential against H2O2-Radical-Mediated DNA Damage and Acute Oral Toxicity of Standardized Extract of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:925380. [PMID: 23878610 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used in medicoculturally diverse countries around the world, where it is a part of a time-honoured tradition that is respected even today. Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract has been previously reported as an efficient antioxidant in vitro. Hence, the genotoxic effects of P. longifolia leaf were investigated by using plasmid relation, comet, and Allium cepa assay. In the presence of ∙OH radicals, the DNA in supercoil was start nicked into open circular form, which is the product of the single-stranded cleavage of supercoil DNA and quantified as fragmented separate bands on agarose gel in plasmid relation assay. In the plasmid relation and comet assay, the P. longifolia leaf extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects against H2O2-mediated DNA damage. A dose-dependent increase of chromosome aberrations was also observed in the Allium cepa assay. The abnormalities scored were stickiness, c-mitosis, bridges, and vagrant chromosomes. Micronucleated cells were also observed at the interphase. The results of Allium cepa assay confirmed that the methanol extracts of P. longifolia exerted no significant genotoxic or mitodepressive effects at 100 μg/mL. Thus, this study demonstrated that P. longifolia leaf extract has a beneficial effect against oxidative DNA damage. This experiment is the first report for the protective effect of P. longifolia on DNA damage-induced by hydroxyl radicals. Additionally in acute oral toxicity study, female rats were treated at 5000 mg/kg body weight of P. longifolia leaf extract and observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. P. longifolia leaf extract did not produce any treatment-related toxic effects in rats.
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