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Umar M, Rehman Y, Ambreen S, Mumtaz SM, Shaququzzaman M, Alam MM, Ali R. Innovative approaches to Alzheimer's therapy: Harnessing the power of heterocycles, oxidative stress management, and nanomaterial drug delivery system. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102298. [PMID: 38604453 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex pathology involving amyloidogenic proteolysis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cholinergic deficits. Oxidative stress exacerbates AD progression through pathways like macromolecular peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metal ion redox potential alteration linked to amyloid-beta (Aβ). Despite limited approved medications, heterocyclic compounds have emerged as promising candidates in AD drug discovery. This review highlights recent advancements in synthetic heterocyclic compounds targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems to overcome challenges in AD treatment. Nanoparticles with heterocyclic scaffolds, like polysorbate 80-coated PLGA and Resveratrol-loaded nano-selenium, show improved brain transport and efficacy. Micellar CAPE and Melatonin-loaded nano-capsules exhibit enhanced antioxidant properties, while a tetra hydroacridine derivative (CHDA) combined with nano-radiogold particles demonstrates promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition without toxicity. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nanotechnology-driven drug delivery for optimizing the therapeutic outcomes of novel synthetic heterocyclic compounds in AD management. Furthermore, the inclusion of various promising heterocyclic compounds with detailed ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) data provides valuable insights for planning the development of novel drug delivery treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Yasir Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Subiya Ambreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sayed Md Mumtaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Shaququzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ruhi Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India.
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2
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R, Yancheva D. New Indole-3-Propionic Acid and 5-Methoxy-Indole Carboxylic Acid Derived Hydrazone Hybrids as Multifunctional Neuroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040977. [PMID: 37107353 PMCID: PMC10135567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the known neuroprotective properties of indole compounds and the promising potential of hydrazone derivatives, two series of aldehyde-heterocyclic hybrids combining those pharmacophores were synthesized as new multifunctional neuroprotectors. The obtained derivatives of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and 5-methoxy-indole carboxylic acid (5MICA) had good safety profiles: Hemolytic effects < 5% (200 μM) and IC50 > 150 µM were found in the majority of the SH-SY5Y and bEnd3 cell lines. The 2,3-dihydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and syringaldehyde derivatives of 5MICA exhibited the strongest neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat-brain synaptosomes. All the compounds suppressed the iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The hydroxyl derivatives were also the most active in terms of deoxyribose-degradation inhibition, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxy derivatives were able to decrease the superoxide-anion generation. Both series of compounds showed an increased inhibition of hMAO-B, with greater expression detected in the 5MICA hybrids. The in vitro BBB model with the bEnd3 cell line showed that some compounds increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer while maintaining the tight junctions. The combined results demonstrated that the derivatives of IPA and 5MICA showed strong neuroprotective, antioxidant, MAO-B inhibitory activity and could be considered as prospective multifunctional compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str.,1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Sağlık BN, Levent S, Osmaniye D, Evren AE, Karaduman AB, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Silico Approaches of Novel Indanone Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47378-47404. [PMID: 36570177 PMCID: PMC9774391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological, progressive illness that typically affects the elderly and is clinically distinguished by memory and cognitive decline. Due to a number of factors, including the absence of a radical treatment, an increase in the patient population over time, the high cost of care and treatment, and a significant decline in patients' quality of life, the importance of this disease has increased. These factors have all prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. The chemical structure of the donepezil molecule, the most popular and effective treatment response for AD, served as the basis for the design and synthesis of 42 novel indan-1-one derivatives in this study. Using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR as well as mass spectroscopic techniques, the compounds' structures were identified. Research on the compounds' antioxidant activities, cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme inhibition, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitory activities, β-amyloid plaque inhibition, and cytotoxicity impact was carried out. Inhibition of β-amyloid plaque aggregation; effective inhibition of AChE, BChE, and MAO-B enzymes; and significant antioxidant activity were all demonstrated by compounds D28-D30 and D37-D39. Because of their various actions, it was hypothesized that the related compounds may be useful in treating AD symptoms as well as providing palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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4
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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5
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Osmaniye D, Alaşan R, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Novel thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives including piperazine ring: synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and molecular docking as selective MAO-A inhibitor. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 77:167-175. [PMID: 34674410 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MAO-A inhibitors are used in the treatment of depression. There are many studies showing that the thiazolyl-hydrazone structure is a pharmacophore structure for the MAO enzyme. In previous studies by our team, activity studies were carried out with thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives containing pyrrolidine, morpholine, and piperazine. All of them were displayed MAO-A selective inhibition profile. Additionally, derivatives containing piperazine ring were most active. For this purpose, thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives containing piperazine were synthesized, but this time an active group, formyl group, was added to the piperazine ring as a substituent. Based on this view, new thiazolyl-hydrazone compounds were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibitory activity by an in vitro fluorometric method. The structure of the compound was tried to be fully elucidated using 2D NMR technique. The compound including 2,4-dimethyl substituent (3i) were found to be the most effective agents in the series against MAO-A enzyme with the IC50 value of 0.080 ± 0.003 µM. The docking study of compound 3i revealed that there is a strong interaction between the active sites of hMAO-A and analyzed compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Alaşan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
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6
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Sever B, Türkeş C, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş. Novel metabolic enzyme inhibitors designed through the molecular hybridization of thiazole and pyrazoline scaffolds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100294. [PMID: 34569655 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New hybrid thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives (4a-k) were obtained through a facile and versatile synthetic procedure, and their inhibitory effects on the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I and II as well as on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were determined. All new thiazolyl-pyrazolines showed activity at nanomolar levels as hCA I, hCA II, and AChE inhibitors, with KI values in the range of 13.35-63.79, 7.01-115.80, and 17.89-48.05 nM, respectively. 1-[4-(4-Cyanophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-3-(4-piperidinophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (4f) and 1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-piperidinophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (4a) against hCAs and 1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-3-(4-piperidinophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (4d) and 1-[4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-3-(4-piperidinophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (4b) against AChE were identified as highly potent inhibitors, superior to the standard drugs, acetazolamide and tacrine, respectively. Compounds 4a-k were also evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the L929 mouse fibroblast (normal) cell line. Moreover, a comprehensive ligand-receptor interaction prediction was performed using the ADME-Tox, Glide XP, and MM-GBSA modules of the Schrödinger Small-Molecule Drug Discovery Suite to elucidate the potential binding modes of the new hybrid inhibitors against these metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mehlika D Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Araškov JB, Nikolić M, Armaković S, Armaković S, Rodić M, Višnjevac A, Padrón JM, Todorović TR, Filipović NR. Structural, antioxidant, antiproliferative and in‒silico study of pyridine-based hydrazonyl‒selenazoles and their sulphur isosteres. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Tok F, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Ilgın S, Kaplancıklı ZA, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Synthesis of new hydrazone derivatives and evaluation of their monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105038. [PMID: 34102520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic methods. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B). Compounds 2a, 2k, 4a and 4i showed significant inhibitory activity against MAO-A, with IC50 value in the range of 0.084-0.207 µM compared to reference drug moclobemide (IC50 value = 6.061 µM). These compounds (2a, 2k, 4a and 4i) were exposed to cytotoxicity tests to establish their preliminary toxicological profiles and were found to be non-cytotoxic. Moreover, the most effective compound 4i was evaluated using enzyme kinetics and docking studies to elucidate the plausible mechanisms of inhibition of MAO-A. According to enzyme kinetic studies, compound 4i was a reversible and competitive inhibitor with similar inhibition features as the substrates. Also, it was seen that this compound was settled down very properly at the active site of MAO-A enzyme by doing important interactions owing to the docking studies. Finally, ADME predictions were applied to estimate pharmacokinetic profiles of synthesized compounds. According to calculated ADME predictions, all parameters of the compounds were within the standard ranges in terms of "Rule of Five" and "Rule of Three" and it was detected that the synthesized compounds (2a-4i) have good and promising pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey; Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey; Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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9
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Sharma P, Singh M, Mathew B. An Update of Synthetic Approaches and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Various Classes of Human MAO‐B Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682 041 India
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10
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Mathew B, Carradori S, Guglielmi P, Uddin MS, Kim H. New Aspects of Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors: The Key Role of Halogens to Open the Golden Door. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:266-283. [PMID: 31965939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121165931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A large plethora of drugs and promising lead compounds contain halogens in their structures. The introduction of such moieties strongly modulates their physical-chemical features as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The most important outcome was shown to be the ability of these halogens to favourably influence the drug-target interaction and energetic stability within the active site by the establishment of halogen bonds. This review attempted to demonstrate the key role exerted by these versatile moieties when correctly located in an organic scaffold to display Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibition and selectivity towards the B isoform of this important enzyme. Human MAOs are well-recognized as therapeutic targets for mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and medicinal chemists were prompted to discover the structural requirements crucial to discriminate the slight differences between the active sits of the two isoforms (MAO-A and MAOB). The analysis of the structure-activity relationships of the most important scaffolds (hydrazothiazoles, coumarins, chromones, chalcones, pyrazolines) and the impact of halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) insertion on this biological activity and isozyme selectivity have been reported being a source of inspiration for the medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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11
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Zou XZ, Feng AS, Liao YZ, Xu XY, Wen HY, You A, Mei M, Li Y. Pyridine hydrazyl thiazole metal complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure, antibacterial and antitumor activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Safaa I. Elewa, Mansour E, Nassar IF, Mekawey AAI. Synthesis of Some New Pyrazoline-Based Thiazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Activities. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Turan G, Osmaniye D, Sağlik BN, Çevik UA, Levent S, Çavuşoğlu BK, Özkay ÜD, Özkay Y, Kaplancikli ZA. Synthesis and monoamine oxidase A/B inhibitory evaluation of new benzothiazole-thiazolylhydrazine derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1722667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Turan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancikli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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14
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Multifunctional quinoxaline-hydrazone derivatives with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidases inhibitory activities as potential agents against Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Dorababu A. Critical evaluation of current Alzheimer's drug discovery (2018-19) & futuristic Alzheimer drug model approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103299. [PMID: 31586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease responsible for death of millions of people worldwide is a progressive clinical disorder which causes neurons to degenerate and ultimately die. It is one of the common causes of dementia wherein a person's incapability to independently think, behave and decline in social skills can be quoted as major symptoms. However the early signs include the simple non-clinical symptoms such as forgetting recent events and conversations. Onset of these symptoms leads to worsened conditions wherein the AD patient suffers severe memory impairment and eventually becomes unable to work out everyday tasks. Even though there is no complete cure for AD, rigorous research has been going on to reduce the progress of AD. Currently, a very few clinical drugs are prevailing for AD treatment. So this is the need of hour to design, develop and discovery of novel anti-AD drugs. The main factors for the cause of AD according to scientific research reveals structural changes in brain proteins such as beta amyloid, tau proteins into plaques and tangles respectively. The abnormal proteins distort the neurons. Despite the high potencies of the synthesized molecules; they could not get on the clinical tests up to human usage. In this review article, the recent research carried out with respect to inhibition of AChE, BuChE, NO, BACE1, MAOs, Aβ, H3R, DAPK, CSF1R, 5-HT4R, PDE, σ1R and GSK-3β is compiled and organized. The summary is focused mainly on cholinesterases, Aβ, BACE1 and MAOs classes of potential inhibitors. The review also covers structure activity relationship of most potent compounds of each class of inhibitors alongside redesign and remodeling of the most significant inhibitors in order to expect cutting edge inhibitory properties towards AD. Alongside the molecular docking studies of the some final compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, Ammazzalorso A, Secci D. Novel approaches to the discovery of selective human monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: is there room for improvement? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:995-1035. [PMID: 31268358 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1637415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for the treatment of early motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. They can, based on their chemical structure and mechanism of inhibition, be categorized into reversible and irreversible agents. Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive update on the development state of selective MAO-B inhibitors describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and Medicinal chemistry strategies as well as the related shortcomings over the past five years. Expert opinion: Researchers have explored and implemented new and old chemical scaffolds achieving high inhibitory potencies and isoform selectivity. Most of them were characterized and proposed as multitarget agents able to act at different levels (including AChE inhibition, H3R or A2AR antagonism, antioxidant and chelating properties, Aβ1-42 aggregation reduction) in the network of aetiologies of neurodegenerative disorders. These results can also be used to avoid 'cheese-reaction' effects and the occurrence of serotonergic syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | | | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
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17
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In vitro and in silico evaluation of new thiazole compounds as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Secci D, Carradori S, Petzer A, Guglielmi P, D'Ascenzio M, Chimenti P, Bagetta D, Alcaro S, Zengin G, Petzer JP, Ortuso F. 4-(3-Nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-ylhydrazone derivatives as antioxidants and selective hMAO-B inhibitors: synthesis, biological activity and computational analysis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:597-612. [PMID: 30727777 PMCID: PMC6366404 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1571272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 4-(3-nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-ylhydrazone derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated to assess their inhibitory effect on the human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) A and B isoforms. Different (un)substituted (hetero)aromatic substituents were linked to N1 of the hydrazone in order to establish robust structure–activity relationships. The results of the biological testing demonstrated that the presence of the hydrazothiazole nucleus bearing at C4 a phenyl ring functionalised at the meta position with a nitro group represents an important pharmacophoric feature to obtain selective and reversible human MAO-B inhibition for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the most potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors were evaluated in silico as potential cholinesterase (AChE/BuChE) inhibitors and in vitro for antioxidant activities. The results obtained from molecular modelling studies provided insight into the multiple interactions and structural requirements for the reported MAO inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Secci
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- b Department of Pharmacy , "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Anél Petzer
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Melissa D'Ascenzio
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Donatella Bagetta
- d Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- d Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- e Department of Biology, Science Faculty , Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- d Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
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19
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1603-1706. [PMID: 30604512 DOI: 10.1002/med.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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20
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Temel HE, Altintop MD, Özdemir A. Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Series of Thiazolyl-pyrazoline Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:333-338. [PMID: 32454678 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In recent years, the design of anticholinesterase agents based on molecular hybridization of pharmacologically active scaffolds has attracted a great deal of interest in medicinal chemistry. For this purpose, we aimed to design and synthesize anticholinesterase agents based on the molecular hybridization of thiazole and pyrazoline scaffolds. Materials and Methods New thiazolyl-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized via the ring closure reaction of 3-(2-furyl)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-thiocarbamoyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole with 2-bromo-1-arylethanone derivatives. The compounds were investigated for their inhibitory effects on AChE and BuChE using a modification of Ellman's spectrophotometric method. As a part of this study, the compliance of the compounds to Lipinski's rule of five was evaluated. The physicochemical parameters (log P, TPSA, nrotb, molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, molecular volume) were calculated using Molinspiration software. Results 2-[5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-furyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazole was found to be the most effective AChE inhibitor (38.5±2.85%), whereas 2-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-furyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole was found as the most potent BuChE inhibitor (43.02±2.71%) in this series. These compounds only violated one parameter of Lipinski's rule of five. On the basis of Lipinski's rule, they were expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. Conclusion In the view of this study, the structural modification of the identified compounds is on-going for the generation of new cholinesterase inhibitors with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halide Edip Temel
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altintop
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
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21
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Carradori S, Ortuso F, Petzer A, Bagetta D, De Monte C, Secci D, De Vita D, Guglielmi P, Zengin G, Aktumsek A, Alcaro S, Petzer JP. Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel multi-target inhibitors as potential anti-Parkinson agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1543-1552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Can NÖ, Osmaniye D, Levent S, Sağlık BN, Korkut B, Atlı Ö, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis and biological assessment of new thiazolylhydrazine derivatives as selective and reversible h MAO-A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Tripathi RKP, M Sasi V, Gupta SK, Krishnamurthy S, Ayyannan SR. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones as dual inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase: effect of the size of aryl binding site. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 33:37-57. [PMID: 29098902 PMCID: PMC6009888 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1389920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones were designed, synthesised and investigated for MAO and ChE inhibition properties. Most of the compounds showed preferential inhibition towards MAO-B. Compound 4, (1-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethylidene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide) emerged as lead candidate (IC50 = 0.212 µM, SI = 331.04) against MAO-B; whereas compounds 21 1-(5-Bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide (IC50 = 0.264 µM) and 17 1-((4-Chlorophenyl) (phenyl)methylene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide (IC50 = 0.024 µM) emerged as lead AChE and BuChE inhibitors respectively; with activity of compound 21 almost equivalent to tacrine. Kinetic studies indicated that compound 4 exhibited competitive and reversible MAO-B inhibition while compounds 21 and 17 showed mixed-type of AChE and BuChE inhibition respectively. Docking studies revealed that these compounds were well-accommodated within MAO-B and ChE active sites through stable hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions. This study revealed the requirement of small heteroaryl ring at amino terminal of semicarbazone template for preferential inhibition and selectivity towards MAO-B. Our results suggest that 5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones could be further exploited for its multi-targeted role in development of anti-neurodegenerative agents. [Formula: see text] A library of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones (4-21) was designed, synthesised and evaluated for in vitro MAO and ChE inhibitory activity. Compounds 4, 21 and 17 (shown) have emerged as lead MAO-B (IC50:0.212 µM, competitive and reversible), AChE (IC50:0.264 µM, mixed and reversible) and BuChE (IC50:0.024 µM, mixed and reversible) inhibitor respectively. SAR studies disclosed several structural aspects significant for potency and selectivity and indicated the role of size of aryl binding site in potency and selectivity towards MAO-B. Antioxidant activity and neurotoxicity screening results further suggested their multifunctional potential for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati K P Tripathi
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Vishnu M Sasi
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Sukesh K Gupta
- b Neurotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- b Neurotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Senthil R Ayyannan
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
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24
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Shkoor M, Al-Abade A, Aleteiwib I, Al-Talib M, Tashtoush H. Unusual product from the acid-catalyzed one-pot, multicomponent reaction of thiocarbohydrazide, aldehydes, and phenacyl bromides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1332225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Shkoor
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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25
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Can ÖD, Osmaniye D, Demir Özkay Ü, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Ilgın S, Baysal M, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. MAO enzymes inhibitory activity of new benzimidazole derivatives including hydrazone and propargyl side chains. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Ocheretniuk A, Kobzar O, Mischenko I, Vovk A. N-Phenacylthiazolium Salts as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv5i2p1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is considered as a promising approach for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrated that 5-substituted N-phenacylthiazolium derivatives are capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Some of the new thiazolium-based inhibitiors showed more than 10-fold selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase. Kinetic experiments and molecular docking were performed for understanding the inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Ocheretniuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kobzar
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Iryna Mischenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Andriy Vovk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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27
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ATLI Ö, ÖZKAY Y. Synthesis and MAO inhibitory activity of novel thiazole-hydrazones. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1612-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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28
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Bonnett SA, Ollinger J, Chandrasekera S, Florio S, O’Malley T, Files M, Jee JA, Ahn J, Casey A, Ovechkina Y, Roberts D, Korkegian A, Parish T. A Target-Based Whole Cell Screen Approach To Identify Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signal Peptidase. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:893-902. [PMID: 27642770 PMCID: PMC5215716 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The general secretion (Sec) pathway is a conserved essential pathway in bacteria and is the primary route of protein export across the cytoplasmic membrane. During protein export, the signal peptidase LepB catalyzes the cleavage of the signal peptide and subsequent release of mature proteins into the extracellular space. We developed a target-based whole cell assay to screen for potential inhibitors of LepB, the sole signal peptidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a strain engineered to underexpress LepB (LepB-UE). We screened 72,000 compounds against both the Lep-UE and wild-type (wt) strains. We identified the phenylhydrazone (PHY) series as having higher activity against the LepB-UE strain. We conducted a limited structure-activity relationship determination around a representative PHY compound with differential activity (MICs of 3.0 μM against the LepB-UE strain and 18 μM against the wt); several analogues were less potent against the LepB overexpressing strain. A number of chemical modifications around the hydrazone moiety resulted in improved potency. Inhibition of LepB activity was observed for a number of compounds in a biochemical assay using cell membrane fraction derived from M. tuberculosis. Compounds did not increase cell permeability, dissipate membrane potential, or inhibit an unrelated mycobacterial enzyme, suggesting a specific mode of action related to the LepB secretory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilah A. Bonnett
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Susantha Chandrasekera
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Stephanie Florio
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Theresa O’Malley
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Megan Files
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jo-Ann Jee
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - James Ahn
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Allen Casey
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - David Roberts
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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29
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De Vita D, Pandolfi F, Ornano L, Feroci M, Chiarotto I, Sileno I, Pepi F, Costi R, Di Santo R, Scipione L. New N,N-dimethylcarbamate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase: design synthesis and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:106-113. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1220377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Vita
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Luigi Ornano
- Department Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Department Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Ilaria Sileno
- Department Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Federico Pepi
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Scipione
- Department Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole-Derived Hydrazones as MAO Inhibitors: Role of the Methylene Spacer Group. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1551-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rati K. P. Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India), Fax
| | - Senthil R. Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India), Fax
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