1
|
Ali A, Saeed S, Hussain R, Afzal G, Siddique AB, Parveen G, Hasan M, Caprioli G. Synthesis and Characterization of Silica, Silver-Silica, and Zinc Oxide-Silica Nanoparticles for Evaluation of Blood Biochemistry, Oxidative Stress, and Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20900-20911. [PMID: 37332821 PMCID: PMC10269246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has received a lot of attention for detailed study on pharmacokinetics prior to clinical application. In this study, pure C-SiO2 (crystalline silica) NPs and SiO2 nanocomposites with silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by utilizing different synthesis routes such as sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques. The prepared NPs showed highly crystalline nature as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis where average crystallite sizes of 35, 16, and 57 nm for C-SiO2, Ag-SiO2, and ZnO-SiO2 NPs, respectively, were calculated. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups related to the chemicals and procedures used for sample preparation. Due to agglomeration of the prepared NPs, the scanning electron microscope images showed large particle sizes when compared to their crystalline sizes. The optical properties of the prepared NPs such as absorption were obtained with UV-Vis spectroscopy. For in vivo biological evaluation, albino rats, both male and female, kept in different groups were exposed to NPs with 500 μg/kg dose. Hematological, serum biochemistry, histo-architecture, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant parameters in liver tissues along with various biomarkers for the evaluation of erythrocytes were estimated. The results on hemato-biochemistry, histopathological ailments, and oxidative stress parameters exhibited 95% alteration in the liver and erythrocytes of C-SiO2 NPs-treated rats while 75 and 60% alteration in the liver tissues of rats due to exposure to Ag-SiO2 and ZnO-SiO2 NPs, respectively, when compared with the albino rats of the control (untreated) group. Therefore, the current study showed that the prepared NPs had adverse effects on the liver and erythrocytes causing hepatotoxicity in the albino rats in respective order C-SiO2 > Ag SiO2 > ZnO-SiO2. As the C-SiO2 NPs appeared to be the most toxic, it has been concluded that coating SiO2 on Ag and ZnO reduced their toxicological impact on albino rats. Consequently, it is suggested that Ag-SiO2 and ZnO-SiO2 NPs are more biocompatible than C-SiO2 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Ali
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saba Saeed
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Gulnaz Afzal
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Chemical & Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Baker Siddique
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gulnaz Parveen
- Department
of Botany, Faculty of Science, Women University
Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23430, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical & Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry
Interdisciplinary Project (CHip), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Promises and challenges for targeting the immunological players in the tumor micro-environment – Critical determinants for NP-based therapy. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
3
|
Cheimarios N, Pem B, Tsoumanis A, Ilić K, Vrček IV, Melagraki G, Bitounis D, Isigonis P, Dusinska M, Lynch I, Demokritou P, Afantitis A. An In Vitro Dosimetry Tool for the Numerical Transport Modeling of Engineered Nanomaterials Powered by the Enalos RiskGONE Cloud Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3935. [PMID: 36432221 PMCID: PMC9697428 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A freely available "in vitro dosimetry" web application is presented enabling users to predict the concentration of nanomaterials reaching the cell surface, and therefore available for attachment and internalization, from initial dispersion concentrations. The web application is based on the distorted grid (DG) model for the dispersion of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in culture medium used for in vitro cellular experiments, in accordance with previously published protocols for cellular dosimetry determination. A series of in vitro experiments for six different NPs, with Ag and Au cores, are performed to demonstrate the convenience of the web application for calculation of exposure concentrations of NPs. Our results show that the exposure concentrations at the cell surface can be more than 30 times higher compared to the nominal or dispersed concentrations, depending on the NPs' properties and their behavior in the cell culture medium. Therefore, the importance of calculating the exposure concentration at the bottom of the cell culture wells used for in vitro arrays, i.e., the particle concentration at the cell surface, is clearly presented, and the tool introduced here allows users easy access to such calculations. Widespread application of this web tool will increase the reliability of subsequent toxicity data, allowing improved correlation of the real exposure concentration with the observed toxicity, enabling the hazard potentials of different NPs to be compared on a more robust basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pem
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Panagiotis Isigonis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eckelt A, Wichmann F, Bayer F, Eckelt J, Groß J, Opatz T, Jurk K, Reinhardt C, Kiouptsi K. Ethyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-A Biocompatible Polymer Carrier in Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126432. [PMID: 35742876 PMCID: PMC9223706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocompatibility of carrier nanomaterials in blood is largely hampered by their activating or inhibiting role on the clotting system, which in many cases prevents safe intravascular application. Here, we characterized an aqueous colloidal ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) solution and tested its effect on ex vivo clot formation, platelet aggregation, and activation by thromboelastometry, aggregometry, and flow cytometry. We compared the impact of EHEC solution on platelet aggregation with biocompatible materials used in transfusion medicine (the plasma expanders gelatin polysuccinate and hydroxyethyl starch). We demonstrate that the EHEC solution, in contrast to commercial products exhibiting Newtonian flow behavior, resembles the shear-thinning behavior of human blood. Similar to established nanomaterials that are considered biocompatible when added to blood, the EHEC exposure of resting platelets in platelet-rich plasma does not enhance tissue thromboplastin- or ellagic acid-induced blood clotting, or platelet aggregation or activation, as measured by integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin exposure. Furthermore, the addition of EHEC solution to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated platelet-rich plasma does not affect the platelet aggregation induced by this agonist. Overall, our results suggest that EHEC may be suitable as a biocompatible carrier material in blood circulation and for applications in flow-dependent diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Eckelt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
- WEE Solve GmbH, Auf der Burg 6, 55130 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Franziska Wichmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
| | - John Eckelt
- WEE Solve GmbH, Auf der Burg 6, 55130 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (J.G.); (T.O.)
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (J.G.); (T.O.)
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (J.G.); (T.O.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz Parter Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz Parter Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.E.); (F.W.); (F.B.); (K.J.); (C.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz Parter Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gutiérrez Rodelo C, Salinas RA, Armenta JaimeArmenta E, Armenta S, Galdámez-Martínez A, Castillo-Blum SE, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Nirmala Grace A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Gutiérrez Rodelo J, Christie G, Alsanie WF, Santana G, Thakur VK, Dutt A. Zinc associated nanomaterials and their intervention in emerging respiratory viruses: Journey to the field of biomedicine and biomaterials. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 457:214402. [PMID: 35095109 PMCID: PMC8788306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a severe public health risk worldwide, and the research contribution to tackle the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main targets among the scientific community. In this regard, experts from different fields have gathered to confront this catastrophic pandemic. This review illustrates how nanotechnology intervention could be valuable in solving this difficult situation, and the state of the art of Zn-based nanostructures are discussed in detail. For virus detection, learning from the experience of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, the potential use of Zn nanomaterials as suitable sensing platforms to recognize the S1 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Furthermore, a discussion about the antiviral mechanisms reported for ZnO nanostructures is included, which can help develop surface disinfectants and protective coatings. At the same time, the properties of Zn-based materials as supplements for reducing viral activity and the recovery of infected patients are illustrated. Within the scope of noble adjuvants to improve the immune response, the ZnO NPs properties as immunomodulators are explained, and potential prototypes of nanoengineered particles with metallic cations (like Zn2+) are suggested. Therefore, using Zn-associated nanomaterials from detection to disinfection, supplementation, and immunomodulation opens a wide area of opportunities to combat these emerging respiratory viruses. Finally, the attractive properties of these nanomaterials can be extrapolated to new clinical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Citlaly Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tlaxcala 72197, Mexico
| | - Erika Armenta JaimeArmenta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Silvia Armenta
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 3649 Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Andrés Galdámez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia E Castillo-Blum
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas y Dirección de Nutrición. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Juliana Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de SubZona No. 4, C.P. 80370, Navolato, Sinaloa, México
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Santana
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A A, X J, V A, P V M. L-Cysteine capped zinc oxide nanoparticles induced cellular response on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells using a conventional and organ-on-a-chip approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112300. [PMID: 34974288 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the well-characterized nanomaterials with multifaceted biomedical applications, including biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and pharmaceutical preparations. The high surface charge of ZnO NPs leads to the agglomeration of the particles. Therefore, surface coating with a suitable ligand can increase colloidal stability. In this present study, in-vitro responses of ZnO NPs capped with a sulfur-containing amino acid, L-cysteine (Cys-ZnO NPs), on A549 cells was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were carried out to confirm the capping of ZnO NPs with L-cysteine. Cytotoxic studies using A549 cells demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity in comparison with already reported pristine Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. The cellular uptake is confirmed by fluorescent cytometry. However, a higher concentration (160 µg/mL) of Cys-ZnO NPs led to apoptotic cell death marked by nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, actin filament condensation, lysosomal damage LDH leakage, intracellular ROS production, blebbing, upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression. Cys-ZnO NPs treatment was also carried out in cells cultured in a microfluidic lung-on-a-chip device under a physiologically relevant flow rate. The study concluded that the microfluidic-based lung-on-a-chip culture resulted in reduced cell death compared to the conventional condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arathi A
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph X
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Akhil V
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Mohanan P V
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DeLong RK, Swanson R, Niederwerder MC, Khanal P, Aryal S, Marasini R, Jaberi-Douraki M, Shakeri H, Mazloom R, Schneider S, Ensley S, Clarke LL, Woode RA, Young S, Rayamajhi S, Miesner T, Higginbotham ML, Lin Z, Shrestha T, Ghosh K, Glaspell G, Mathew EN. Zn-based physiometacomposite nanoparticles: distribution, tolerance, imaging, and antiviral and anticancer activity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1857-1872. [PMID: 34282923 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, tolerance, and anticancer and antiviral activity of Zn-based physiometacomposites (PMCs). Manganese, iron, nickel and cobalt-doped ZnO, ZnS or ZnSe were synthesized. Cell uptake, distribution into 3D culture and mice, and biochemical and chemotherapeutic activity were studied by fluorescence/bioluminescence, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, viability, antitumor and virus titer assays. Luminescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis showed that nanoparticle distribution was liver >spleen >kidney >lung >brain, without tissue or blood pathology. Photophysical characterization as ex vivo tissue probes and LL37 peptide, antisense oligomer or aptamer delivery targeting RAS/Ras binding domain (RBD) was investigated. Treatment at 25 μg/ml for 48 h showed ≥98-99% cell viability, 3D organoid uptake, 3-log inhibition of β-Galactosidase and porcine reproductive respiratory virus infection. Data support the preclinical development of PMCs for imaging and delivery targeting cancer and infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K DeLong
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Nanotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ryan Swanson
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Nanotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Megan C Niederwerder
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Pratiksha Khanal
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Ramesh Marasini
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- 1DATA Consortium, & Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Heman Shakeri
- 1DATA Consortium, & Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Reza Mazloom
- 1DATA Consortium, & Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steve Ensley
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lane L Clarke
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rowena A Woode
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sarah Young
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Tracy Miesner
- Comparative Medicine Group, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mary L Higginbotham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Institute for Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66061, USA
| | - Tej Shrestha
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Nanotechnology Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kartik Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Astronomy & Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Garry Glaspell
- US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research & Development Center, Alexandria, VA 22315, USA
| | - Elza N Mathew
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petersen EJ, Sharma M, Clippinger AJ, Gordon J, Katz A, Laux P, Leibrock LB, Luch A, Matheson J, Stucki AO, Tentschert J, Bierkandt FS. Use of Cause-and-Effect Analysis to Optimize the Reliability of In Vitro Inhalation Toxicity Measurements Using an Air-Liquid Interface. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1370-1385. [PMID: 34097823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro inhalation toxicology methods are increasingly being used for research and regulatory purposes. Although the opportunity for increased human relevance of in vitro inhalation methods compared to in vivo tests has been established and discussed, how to systematically account for variability and maximize the reliability of these in vitro methods, especially for assays that use cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI), has received less attention. One tool that has been used to evaluate the robustness of in vitro test methods is cause-and-effect (C&E) analysis, a conceptual approach to analyze key sources of potential variability in a test method. These sources of variability can then be evaluated using robustness testing and potentially incorporated into in-process control measurements in the assay protocol. There are many differences among in vitro inhalation test methods including the use of different types of biological test systems, exposure platforms/conditions, substances tested, and end points, which represent a major challenge for use in regulatory testing. In this manuscript, we describe how C&E analysis can be applied using a modular approach based on the idea that shared components of different test methods (e.g., the same exposure system is used) have similar sources of variability even though other components may differ. C&E analyses of different in vitro inhalation methods revealed a common set of recommended exposure systems and biological in-process control measurements. The approach described here, when applied in conjunction with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) criteria, should help improve the inter- and intralaboratory agreement of in vitro inhalation test results, leading to increased confidence in these methods for regulatory and research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John Gordon
- United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Aaron Katz
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars B Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Matheson
- United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5 Research Place, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Andreas O Stucki
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., 70499 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank S Bierkandt
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leibrock LB, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Katz A, Toman B, Petersen EJ, Bierkandt FS, Singh AV, Laux P, Luch A. Parametric Optimization of an Air-Liquid Interface System for Flow-Through Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles: Assessing Dosimetry and Intracellular Uptake of CeO 2 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2369. [PMID: 33260672 PMCID: PMC7760223 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) systems have been widely used in recent years to investigate the inhalation toxicity of many gaseous compounds, chemicals, and nanomaterials and represent an emerging and promising in vitro method to supplement in vivo studies. ALI exposure reflects the physiological conditions of the deep lung more closely to subacute in vivo inhalation scenarios compared to submerged exposure. The comparability of the toxicological results obtained from in vivo and in vitro inhalation data is still challenging. The robustness of ALI exposure scenarios is not yet well understood, but critical for the potential standardization of these methods. We report a cause-and-effect (C&E) analysis of a flow through ALI exposure system. The influence of five different instrumental and physiological parameters affecting cell viability and exposure parameters of a human lung cell line in vitro (exposure duration, relative humidity, temperature, CO2 concentration and flow rate) was investigated. After exposing lung epithelia cells to a CeO2 nanoparticle (NP) aerosol, intracellular CeO2 concentrations reached values similar to those found in a recent subacute rat inhalation study in vivo. This is the first study showing that the NP concentration reached in vitro using a flow through ALI system were the same as those in an in vivo study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Leibrock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Aaron Katz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Blaza Toman
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaitherburg, MD 20899-8311, USA;
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaitherburg, MD 20899-8311, USA;
| | - Frank S. Bierkandt
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (H.J.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (F.S.B.); (A.V.S.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muhammad Q, Jang Y, Kang SH, Moon J, Kim WJ, Park H. Modulation of immune responses with nanoparticles and reduction of their immunotoxicity. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1490-1501. [PMID: 31994542 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01643k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Particles with a size range of 1-100 nm used in various fields of life sciences are called nanoparticles (NPs). Currently, nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in biomedical research, industries and in almost all types of modern technology. The growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine urge scientists to analyze the impact of NPs on human body tissues and the immune system. Easy surface modifications of the NPs enable the modulation of the immune system either by evading the immune system to prevent allergic reactions or by enhancing the immunogenic response. In this review, we discussed the various possible theories and practical implications reported to date for the applications of nanotechnology in immunostimulation and immunosuppression for favorable immune response, such as vaccine delivery and cancer treatments. In the last part of this paper, we also discussed the biocompatibility and unfavorable immunotoxicity of NPs and methods for lowering their toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Muhammad
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonwoo Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Hyuk Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - James Moon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Canta M, Cauda V. The investigation of the parameters affecting the ZnO nanoparticle cytotoxicity behaviour: a tutorial review. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6157-6174. [PMID: 33079078 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years the research about zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their related toxicity has shown a boom. ZnO NPs show cytotoxicity for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and many studies demonstrated their selective toxicity towards cancer cells. However, with the increasing number of publications, it is observed an increase in the discrepancies obtained between the various results. Soon the scientific community understood that the ZnO NC toxicity behaviour is affected by many factors, related not only to the ZnO NPs themselves, but also to the experimental conditions used. Many recent reviews discussed these parameters by reporting experimental evidence and tried to assess the general statements about the ZnO NP cytotoxicity. This information is extremely useful for the evaluation of which type of ZnO NPs is more or less suitable for a specific study or application. However, despite that, a deep comprehension of the ZnO NP behaviour in relation to the different experimental conditions is still lacking. Actually, a full understanding of the reasons behind the NP behaviour is essential to better assess their biological activity and in particular their therapeutic application, avoiding undesired effects both in the experimental and clinical contexts. This tutorial review aims to be an experimental and practical guide for scientists that faced with the use of ZnO NPs for biomedical applications and, in particular, for their therapeutic purposes. The driving idea is to not simply summarize the results reported in the literature, but to provide instruments for a deep comprehension of the mechanisms affecting the ZnO NP cytotoxicity and behavior. This review also aims to point out the critical experimental parameters to be considered when working with these NPs, as well as the main related risks and limitations that scientists have to face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qu X, Yang H, Yu Z, Jia B, Qiao H, Zheng Y, Dai K. Serum zinc levels and multiple health outcomes: Implications for zinc-based biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:410-422. [PMID: 32258830 PMCID: PMC7114479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-based biomaterials, including biodegradable metal, nanoparticles, and coatings used in medical implants release zinc ions that may increase the whole-body and serum zinc concentrations. The impact of serum zinc concentrations on major health outcomes can provide insights for device design and clinical transformation of zinc-based biomaterials. METHODS This nationally representative cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014) including 3607 participants. Using unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, two-piecewise linear regression model with a smoothing function and threshold level analysis, we evaluated the associations between elevated serum zinc levels and major health outcomes. RESULTS Elevated serum zinc levels were significantly associated with an increase in total spine and total femur bone mineral density (BMD). Every 10 μg/dL increase was associated with a 1.12-fold increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) and 1.23-fold and 1.29-fold increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), in participants with serum zinc levels ≥ 100 μg/dL. It had no significant linear or nonlinear associations with risk of fractures, congestive heart failure, heart attack, thyroid disease, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia and cancer. CONCLUSION Serum zinc levels are significantly associated with increased BMD in the total spine and total femur, and risk of DM, and CVD/CHD among participants with serum zinc levels ≥100 μg/dL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Böhmert L, Voß L, Stock V, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Sieg H. Isolation methods for particle protein corona complexes from protein-rich matrices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:563-582. [PMID: 36133244 PMCID: PMC9417621 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles become rapidly encased by a protein layer when they are in contact with biological fluids. This protein shell is called a corona. The composition of the corona has a strong influence on the surface properties of the nanoparticles. It can affect their cellular interactions, uptake and signaling properties. For this reason, protein coronae are investigated frequently as an important part of particle characterization. Main body of the abstract: The protein corona can be analyzed by different methods, which have their individual advantages and challenges. The separation techniques to isolate corona-bound particles from the surrounding matrices include centrifugation, magnetism and chromatographic methods. Different organic matrices, such as blood, blood serum, plasma or different complex protein mixtures, are used and the approaches vary in parameters such as time, concentration and temperature. Depending on the investigated particle type, the choice of separation method can be crucial for the subsequent results. In addition, it is important to include suitable controls to avoid misinterpretation and false-positive or false-negative results, thus allowing the achievement of a valuable protein corona analysis result. Conclusion: Protein corona studies are an important part of particle characterization in biological matrices. This review gives a comparative overview about separation techniques, experimental parameters and challenges which occur during the investigation of the protein coronae of different particle types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Linn Voß
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Food Safety Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany +49 (30) 18412-25800
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carll AP, Salatini R, Pirela SV, Wang Y, Xie Z, Lorkiewicz P, Naeem N, Qian Y, Castranova V, Godleski JJ, Demokritou P. Inhalation of printer-emitted particles impairs cardiac conduction, hemodynamics, and autonomic regulation and induces arrhythmia and electrical remodeling in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 31996220 PMCID: PMC6990551 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using engineered nanomaterial-based toners, laser printers generate aerosols with alarming levels of nanoparticles that bear high bioactivity and potential health risks. Yet, the cardiac impacts of printer-emitted particles (PEPs) are unknown. Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) promotes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and ultra-fine particulates (< 0.1 μm aerodynamic diameter) may bear toxicity unique from larger particles. Toxicological studies suggest that PM impairs left ventricular (LV) performance; however, such investigations have heretofore required animal restraint, anesthesia, or ex vivo preparations that can confound physiologic endpoints and/or prohibit LV mechanical assessments during exposure. To assess the acute and chronic effects of PEPs on cardiac physiology, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PEPs (21 days, 5 h/day) while monitoring LV pressure (LVP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) via conscious telemetry, analyzing LVP and heart rate variability (HRV) in four-day increments from exposure days 1 to 21, as well as ECG and baroreflex sensitivity. At 2, 35, and 70 days after PEPs exposure ceased, rats received stress tests. RESULTS On day 21 of exposure, PEPs significantly (P < 0.05 vs. Air) increased LV end systolic pressure (LVESP, + 18 mmHg) and rate-pressure-product (+ 19%), and decreased HRV indicating sympathetic dominance (root means squared of successive differences [RMSSD], - 21%). Overall, PEPs decreased LV ejection time (- 9%), relaxation time (- 3%), tau (- 5%), RMSSD (- 21%), and P-wave duration (- 9%). PEPs increased QTc interval (+ 5%) and low:high frequency HRV (+ 24%; all P < 0.05 vs. Air), while tending to decrease baroreflex sensitivity and contractility index (- 15% and - 3%, P < 0.10 vs. Air). Relative to Air, at both 2 and 35 days after PEPs, ventricular arrhythmias increased, and at 70 days post-exposure LVESP increased. PEPs impaired ventricular repolarization at 2 and 35 days post-exposure, but only during stress tests. At 72 days post-exposure, PEPs increased urinary dopamine 5-fold and protein expression of ventricular repolarizing channels, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and Kv7.1, by 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest exposure to PEPs increases cardiovascular risk by augmenting sympathetic influence, impairing ventricular performance and repolarization, and inducing hypertension and arrhythmia. PEPs may present significant health risks through adverse cardiovascular effects, especially in occupational settings, among susceptible individuals, and with long-term exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Carll
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Renata Salatini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra V. Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Nazratan Naeem
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - John J. Godleski
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology. Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Room 1310, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao X, Zhang T, DeLoid GM, Gaffrey MJ, Weitz KK, Thrall BD, Qian WJ, Demokritou P. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cellular proteome impacts of food-grade TiO 2 (E171) using simulated gastrointestinal digestions and a tri-culture small intestinal epithelial model. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:10.1016/j.impact.2019.100202. [PMID: 32133427 PMCID: PMC7055729 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2019.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are widely used in the food industry; however, regulations for ENMs in food are still in the early stages of development due to insufficient health data. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and changes to the proteomic profile in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model after exposure to digested food models containing the ubiquitous engineered particulate food additive, TiO2 (E171) with an average size around 110 nm. TiO2 at 0.75% or 1.5% (w/w) concentrations in either a fasting food model (FFM) or a standardized food model (SFM) based on American diet were digested using an in vitro oral-gastric-small intestinal simulator, and the resulting digestas were applied to a small intestinal epithelium tri-culture cellular model. Effects on cell layer integrity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress were assessed. In order to explore the impact on cellular processes beyond basic cytotoxicity, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analyses of control and exposed tri-culture cells was performed. TiO2 in FFM, but not in SFM, produced significant, dose-dependent cytotoxicity (24%, p<0.001), and at the higher dose caused significant oxidative stress (1.24-fold, p<0.01), indicative of a food matrix effect. No significant perturbations of the cellular proteome were observed with TiO2 in either FFM or SFM food models. However, proteins involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis were up-regulated by digestas from SFM compared to those from FFM, indicative of a food matrix effect on the cellular proteome. Interestingly, the differences in profiles between the two food models was more pronounced in the presence of TiO2. Together, these results indicate that TiO2 in a fasting diet may be slightly cytotoxic, and that ingested TiO2 does not significantly alter the epithelial proteome, whereas the food matrix alone can have a dramatic effect on the proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K. Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian D. Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- corresponding authors Philip Demokritou, , Wei-Jun Qian,
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- corresponding authors Philip Demokritou, , Wei-Jun Qian,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leibrock L, Wagener S, Singh AV, Laux P, Luch A. Nanoparticle induced barrier function assessment at liquid-liquid and air-liquid interface in novel human lung epithelia cell lines. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:1016-1027. [PMID: 32153768 PMCID: PMC7021197 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the most relevant entry point for nanoparticles (NPs) into the human body. To date, toxicity testing of nanomaterials in respect to oral, dermal and inhalative application is mainly based on animal experiments. The development of alternative test methods is the subject of current research. In vitro models can help to investigate mechanistic aspects, as e.g. cellular uptake or genotoxicity and might help to reduce in vivo testing. Lung cell lines are proper in vitro tools to assess NP toxicity. In respect to this, various cell models have been developed during the recent years, but often lack in a proper intact barrier function. However, besides other important in vivo criteria which are still missing like e.g. circulation, this is one basic prerequisite to come closer to the in vivo situation in certain mechanistic aspects such as particle translocation which is an important task for risk assessment of nanomaterials. Novel developed in vitro models may help to investigate the translocation of nanomaterials from the lung. We investigated the barrier function of the recently developed human lung cell lines CI-hAELVi and CI-huAEC. The cells were further exposed to CeO2 NPs and ZnO NPs, and their suitability as in vitro models for toxicological investigations was proven. The obtained data were compared with data generated with the A549 cell line. Measurement of transepithelial resistance and immunohistochemical examination of tight junctions confirmed the formation of a functional barrier for both cell lines for submerged and air-liquid cultivation. For particle exposure, hAELVi and huAEC cells showed comparable results to A549 cells without losing the barrier function. CeO2 NP exposure revealed no toxicity for all cell lines. In contrast, ZnO NPs was toxic for all cell lines at a concentration between 10-50 μg ml-1. Due to the comparable results to A549 cells CI-hAELVi and CI-huAEC offer new opportunities to investigate nanoparticle cell interactions more realistic than recent 2D cell models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Leibrock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Sandra Wagener
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhdanov VP. Global diffusion limitations during the initial phase of the formation of a protein corona around nanoparticles. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:173-181. [PMID: 30895408 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, I illustrate analytically how the global diffusion limitations can influence the first phase of the protein-corona formation at nanoparticles under conditions of intravascular injection. In particular, the concentrations of proteins near the boundaries of the injection region are shown to be comparable with those far from the region. In contrast, the concentrations of proteins inside the injection region may be dramatically smaller than those outside, and the ratio of these two concentrations for proteins of different size may be much higher, by a few orders of magnitude, for smaller proteins. These differences in the spatial distribution of proteins are expected to play a key role in the Vroman effect at the onset of the protein-corona formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Section of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sohal IS, O'Fallon KS, Gaines P, Demokritou P, Bello D. Ingested engineered nanomaterials: state of science in nanotoxicity testing and future research needs. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:29. [PMID: 29970114 PMCID: PMC6029122 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are used extensively in food products to fulfill a number of roles, including enhancement of color and texture, for nutritional fortification, enhanced bioavailability, improved barrier properties of packaging, and enhanced food preservation. Safety assessment of ingested engineered nanomaterials (iENM) has gained interest in the nanotoxicology community in recent years. A variety of test systems and approaches have been used for such evaluations, with in vitro monoculture cell models being the most common test systems, owing to their low cost and ease-of-use. The goal of this review is to systematically assess the current state of science in toxicological testing of iENM, with particular emphasis on model test systems, their physiological relevance, methodological strengths and challenges, realistic doses (ranges and rates), and then to identify future research needs and priorities based on these assessments. METHODS Extensive searches were conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed literature on safety assessment of iENM over the last decade, using keywords such as "nanoparticle", "food", "toxicity", and combinations thereof. Relevant literature was assessed based on a set of criteria that included the relevance of nanomaterials tested; ENM physicochemical and morphological characterization; dispersion and dosimetry in an in vitro system; dose ranges employed, the rationale and dose realism; dissolution behavior of iENM; endpoints tested, and the main findings of each study. Observations were entered into an excel spreadsheet, transferred to Origin, from where summary statistics were calculated to assess patterns, trends, and research gaps. RESULTS A total of 650 peer-reviewed publications were identified from 2007 to 2017, of which 39 were deemed relevant. Only 21% of the studies used food grade nanomaterials for testing; adequate physicochemical and morphological characterization was performed in 53% of the studies. All in vitro studies lacked dosimetry and 60% of them did not provide a rationale for the doses tested and their relevance. Only 12% of the studies attempted to consider the dissolution kinetics of nanomaterials. Moreover, only 1 study attempted to prepare and characterize standardized nanoparticle dispersions. CONCLUSION We identified 5 clusters of factors deemed relevant to nanotoxicology of food-grade iENM: (i) using food-grade nanomaterials for toxicity testing; (ii) performing comprehensive physicochemical and morphological characterization of iENM in the dry state, (iii) establishing standard NP dispersions and their characterization in cell culture medium, (iv) employing realistic dose ranges and standardized in vitro dosimetry models, and (v) investigating dissolution kinetics and biotransformation behavior of iENM in synthetic media representative of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract fluids, including analyses in a fasted state and in the presence of a food matrix. We discussed how these factors, when not considered thoughtfully, could influence the results and generalizability of in vitro and in vivo testing. We conclude with a set of recommendations to guide future iENM toxicity studies and to develop/adopt more relevant in vitro model systems representative of in vivo animal and human iENM exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikjot Singh Sohal
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
| | - Kevin S O'Fallon
- Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Peter Gaines
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and the Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and the Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan 110-S, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beltran-Huarac J, Zhang Z, Pyrgiotakis G, DeLoid G, Vaze N, Hussain SM, Demokritou P. Development of reference metal and metal oxide engineered nanomaterials for nanotoxicology research using high throughput and precision flame spray synthesis approaches. NANOIMPACT 2018; 10:26-37. [PMID: 30035243 PMCID: PMC6051426 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to develop and characterize reference metal and metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) of high purity and tunable intrinsic properties suitable for nanotoxicology research. Here a high throughput (volume) and precision flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) approach coupled with state-of-the-art characterization techniques are utilized to generate such reference ENMs. The lab-based and industrially relevant FSP system, termed as Versatile Engineered Nanomaterials Generation System (VENGES), synthesizes the metals and metal oxides, at high throughput manner with controlled properties, such as primary particle size, aggregate diameter, shape, crystallinity, stoichiometry and surface chemistry. A nanopanel of nine reference ENMs (silica, silver, silver supported on silica, alumina, ceria and iron oxide) was synthesized and characterized using combined electron microscopy, advanced spectroscopic techniques and physical analyses (e.g., BET, XRD, TEM, pycnometry, XPS, ICP-MS and FTIR). ENMs show a high degree of chemical purity and stoichiometry, and low content of carbon residuals, and are sterile and free of bacteria and endotoxins. Further, their colloidal properties and their implication in in-vitro dosimetry have been also investigated in both environmental and test biological media. The suitability of reference ENMs and protocols developed in this study brings forth new arenas to generate reliable and reproducible toxicological data in an effort to reduce conflicting and contradicting inter-laboratory data on relative toxic effects of ENMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saber M. Hussain
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Airman Systems Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sade H, Lellouche JP. Preparation and Characterization of WS₂@SiO₂ and WS₂@PANI Core-Shell Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E156. [PMID: 29534426 PMCID: PMC5869647 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two tungsten disulfide (WS₂)-based core-shell nanocomposites were fabricated using readily available reagents and simple procedures. The surface was pre-treated with a surfactant couple in a layer-by-layer approach, enabling good dispersion of the WS₂ nanostructures in aqueous media and providing a template for the polymerization of a silica (SiO₂) shell. After a Stöber-like reaction, a conformal silica coating was achieved. Inspired by the resulting nanocomposite, a second one was prepared by reacting the surfactant-modified WS₂ nanostructures with aniline and an oxidizing agent in an aqueous medium. Here too, a conformal coating of polyaniline (PANI) was obtained, giving a WS₂@PANI nanocomposite. Both nanocomposites were analyzed by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and FTIR, verifying the core-shell structure and the character of shells. The silica shell was amorphous and mesoporous and the surface area of the composite increases with shell thickness. Polyaniline shells slightly differ in their morphologies dependent on the acid used in the polymerization process and are amorphous like the silica shell. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the WS₂@PANI nanocomposite showed variation between bulk PANI and the PANI shell. These two nanocomposites have great potential to expand the use of transition metals dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for new applications in different fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Sade
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
In-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) in nanomedicine: Is protein corona the missing link? Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:889-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Pirela SV, Martin J, Bello D, Demokritou P. Nanoparticle exposures from nano-enabled toner-based printing equipment and human health: state of science and future research needs. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:678-704. [PMID: 28524743 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1318354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toner formulations used by laser printers (LP) and photocopiers (PC), collectively called "toner-based printing equipment" (TPE), are nano-enabled products (NEP) because they contain several engineered nanomaterials (ENM) that improve toner performance. It has been shown that during consumer use (printing), these ENM are released in the air, together with other semi-volatile organic nanoparticles, and newly formed gaseous co-pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC). The aim of this review is to detail and analyze physico-chemical and morphological (PCM), as well as the toxicological properties of particulate matter (PM) emissions from TPE. The review covers evolution of science since the early 2000, when this printing technology first became a subject of public interest, as well as the lagging regulatory framework around it. Important studies that have significantly changed our understanding of these exposures are also highlighted. The review continues with a critical appraisal of the most up-to-date cellular, animal and human toxicological evidence on the potential adverse human health effects of PM emitted from TPE. We highlight several limitations of existing studies, including (i) use of high and often unrealistic doses in vitro or in vivo; (ii) unrealistically high-dose rates in intratracheal instillation studies; (iii) improper use of toners as surrogate for emitted nanoparticles; (iv) lack of or inadequate PCM characterization of exposures; and (v) lack of dosimetry considerations in in vitro studies. Presently, there is compelling evidence that the PM0.1 from TPE are biologically active and capable of inducing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, respiratory tract inflammation in vivo (in rats) and in humans, several endpoints of cellular injury in monocultures and co-cultures, including moderate epigenetic modifications in vitro. In humans, limited epidemiological studies report typically 2-3 times higher prevalence of chronic cough, wheezing, nasal blockage, excessive sputum production, breathing difficulties, and shortness of breath, in copier operators relative to controls. Such symptoms can be exacerbated during chronic exposures, and in individuals susceptible to inhaled pollutants. Thus respiratory, immunological, cardiovascular, and other disorders may be developed following such exposures; however, further toxicological and larger scale molecular epidemiological studies must be done to fully understand the mechanism of action of these TPE emitted nanoparticles. Major research gaps have also been identified. Among them, a methodical risk assessment based on "real world" exposures rather than on the toner particles alone needs to be performed to provide the much-needed data to establish regulatory guidelines protective of individuals exposed to TPE emissions at both the occupational and consumer level. Industry-wide molecular epidemiology as well as mechanistic animal and human studies are also urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vanessa Pirela
- a Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John Martin
- b Department of Public Health , UMass Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- a Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Public Health , UMass Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- a Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thiruppathi R, Mishra S, Ganapathy M, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B. Nanoparticle Functionalization and Its Potentials for Molecular Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600279. [PMID: 28331783 PMCID: PMC5357986 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization enhances the properties and characteristics of nanoparticles through surface modification, and enables them to play a major role in the field of medicine. In molecular imaging, quality functional images are required with proper differentiation which can be seen with high contrast to obtain viable information. This review article discusses how functionalization enhances molecular imaging and enables multimodal imaging by which images with combination of functions particular to each modality can be obtained. This also explains how nanoparticles interacting at molecular level, when functionalized with molecules can target the cells of interest or substances with high specificity, reducing background signal and allowing simultaneous therapies to be carried out while imaging. Functionalization allows imaging for a prolonged period and enables to track the cells over a period of time. Recent researches and progress in functionalizing the nanoparticles to specifically enhance bioimaging with different modalities and their applications are reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Thiruppathi
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University59 Nanyang Drive636921Singapore
- Center for BiotechnologyAlagappa College of TechnologyAnna UniversitySardar Patel RoadChennaiTamil Nadu600025India
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University59 Nanyang Drive636921Singapore
| | - Mathangi Ganapathy
- Center for BiotechnologyAlagappa College of TechnologyAnna UniversitySardar Patel RoadChennaiTamil Nadu600025India
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University59 Nanyang Drive636921Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University59 Nanyang Drive636921Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Q, Li X, Cheng S, Gu Y, Chen G, Shen Y, Xie Y, Cao Y. Combined effects of low levels of palmitate on toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to THP-1 macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:103-109. [PMID: 27770658 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently proposed that the interaction between food components and nanoparticles (NPs) should be considered when evaluating the toxicity of NPs. In the present study, we used THP-1 differentiated macrophages as a model for immune cells and investigated the combined toxicity of low levels of palmitate (PA; 10 or 50μM) and ZnO NPs. The results showed that PA especially at 50μM changed the size, Zeta potential and UV-vis spectra of ZnO NPs, indicating a possible coating effect. Up to 32μg/mL ZnO NPs did not significantly affect mitochondrial activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) or release of interleukin 6 (IL-6), but significantly impaired lysosomal function as assessed by neutral red uptake assay and acridine orange staining. The presence of 50μM PA, but not 10μM PA, further promoted the toxic effects of ZnO NPs to lysosomes but did not significantly affect other endpoints. In addition, ZnO NPs dose-dependently increased intracellular Zn ions in THP-1 macrophages, which was not significantly affected by PA. Taken together, the results of the present study showed a combined toxicity of low levels of PA and ZnO NPs especially to lysosomes in THP-1 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Xiyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Gui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yuexin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McClements DJ, DeLoid G, Pyrgiotakis G, Shatkin JA, Xiao H, Demokritou P. The Role of the Food Matrix and Gastrointestinal Tract in the assessment of biological properties of ingested engineered nanomaterials (iENMs): State of the science and knowledge gaps. NANOIMPACT 2016; 3-4:47-57. [PMID: 29568810 PMCID: PMC5860850 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many foods contain appreciable levels of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) (diameter < 100 nm) that may be either intentionally or unintentionally added. These ENMs vary considerably in their compositions, dimensions, morphologies, physicochemical properties, and biological responses. From a toxicological point of view, it is often convenient to classify ingested ENMs (iENMs) as being either inorganic (such as TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, or Ag) or organic (such as lipid, protein, or carbohydrate), since the former tend to be indigestible and the latter are generally digestible. At present there is a relatively poor understanding of how different types of iENMs behave within the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and how the food matrix and biopolymers transform their physico-chemical properties and influence their gastrointestinal fate. This lack of knowledge confounds an understanding of their potential harmful effects on human health. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of the GIT fate of iENMs, and to highlight gaps where further research is urgently needed in assessing potential risks and toxicological implications of iENMs. In particular, a strong emphasis is given to the development of standardized screening methods that can be used to rapidly and accurately assess the toxicological properties of iENMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- corresponding authors: David Julian McClements, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ; Tel: 413 545 1019. Philip Demokritou, Center for Nanotechnology an nanotoxicology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston MA 02115, , Tel 617 432-3481, Web: www.hsph.harvard.edu/nano
| | - Glen DeLoid
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- corresponding authors: David Julian McClements, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ; Tel: 413 545 1019. Philip Demokritou, Center for Nanotechnology an nanotoxicology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston MA 02115, , Tel 617 432-3481, Web: www.hsph.harvard.edu/nano
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
DeLoid G, Casella B, Pirela S, Filoramo R, Pyrgiotakis G, Demokritou P, Kobzik L. Effects of engineered nanomaterial exposure on macrophage innate immune function. NANOIMPACT 2016; 2:70-81. [PMID: 29568809 PMCID: PMC5860825 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) means increased human exposures. Potential adverse effects include those on the immune system, ranging from direct toxicity to impairment of defenses against environmental pathogens and toxins. Effects on lung macrophages may be especially prominent, because they serve to clear foreign materials like ENMs and bacterial pathogens. We investigated the effects of 4 hour exposures over a range of concentrations, of a panel of industry-relevant ENMs, including SiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, CeO2, TiO2, and an Ag/SiO2 composite, on human THP-1 macrophages. Effects on phagocytosis of latex beads, and phagocytosis and killing of Francisella tularensis (FT), as well as viability, oxidative stress and mitochondrial integrity, were measured by automated scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis. Results revealed some notable patterns: 1) Phagocytosis of unopsonized beads was increased, whereas that of opsonized beads was decreased, by all ENMs, with the exception of ZnO, which reduced both opsonized and unopsonized uptake; 2) Uptake of opsonized and unopsonized FT was either impaired or unaffected by all ENMs, with the exception of CeO2, which increased phagocytosis of unopsonized FT; 3) Macrophage killing of FT tended to improve with all ENMs; and 4) Viability was unaffected immediately following exposures with all ENMs tested, but was significantly decreased 24 hours after exposures to Ag/SiO2 and ZnO ENMs. The results reveal a complex landscape of ENM effects on macrophage host defenses, including both enhanced and reduced capacities, and underscore the importance of robust hazard assessment, including immunotoxicity assessment, of ENMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- corresponding author: Glen M. DeLoid,
| | - Beatriz Casella
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rose Filoramo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|