1
|
Zeng X, Wang Z, Yu L, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang C. Zinc Supplementation Reduces Testicular Cell Apoptosis in Mice and Improves Spermatogenic Dysfunction Caused by Marginal Zinc Deficiency. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1656-1668. [PMID: 37515670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the human body and plays an important role in growth, development, and male reproductive functions. Marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) is common in the human population and can cause spermatogenic dysfunction in males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate methods to improve spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD and to further explore its mechanism of action. A total of 75 4-week-old male SPF ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, MZD, MZD + ZnY2, MZD + ZnY4, and MZD + ZnY8, 15 mice per group). The dietary Zn content was 30 mg/kg in the control group and 10 mg/kg in the other groups. From low to high, the Zn supplementation doses administered to the three groups were 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg·bw. After 35 days, the zinc content, sperm quality, activity of spermatogenic enzymes, oxidative stress level, and apoptosis level of the testes in mice were determined. The results showed that MZD decreased the level of Zn in the serum, sperm quality, and activity of spermatogenic enzymes in mice. After Zn supplementation, the Zn level in the serum increased, sperm quality was significantly improved, and spermatogenic enzyme activity was restored. In addition, MZD reduced the content of antioxidants (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), metallothionein (MT), and glutathione (GSH) and promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production. The apoptosis index of the testis also increased significantly in the MZD group. After Zn supplementation, the level of oxidative stress decreased, and the apoptosis index in the testis was reduced. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and Bcl-2/BCL2-associated X (Bax) in the control group decreased in testicular cells, and their expression was restored after Zn supplementation. The results of this study indicated that Zn supplementation can reduce the level of oxidative stress and increase the ability of testicular cells to resist apoptosis, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saouli A, Adjroud O, Ncir M, Bachir A, El Feki A. Attenuating effects of selenium and zinc against hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative stress, hormonal instability, and placenta damage in preimplanted rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60050-60079. [PMID: 37017835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As a toxic metal, hexavalent chromium (CrVI) has effects on both the reproductive and endocrine systems. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) against the toxicity of chromium on the placenta in pregnant Wistar albino rats. Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and four treated groups, receiving subcutaneously (s.c) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg body weight (bw)) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg bw), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg bw), or both of them simultaneously. Plasma steroid hormones, placenta histoarchitecture, oxidative stress profile, and developmental parameters were investigated. These results showed that K2Cr2O7 exposure induced a significant increase in the levels of both plasma estradiol (E2) and placenta malondialdehyde (MDA), the number of fetal resorptions, and percent of post-implantation loss. On the other hand, K2Cr2O7 significantly reduced developmental parameters, maternal body and placenta weight, and plasma progesterone (P) and chorionic gonadotropin hormone (β HCG) levels. However, K2Cr2O7 significantly decreased the placenta activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH). These changes have been reinforced by histopathological evaluation of the placenta. Se and/or ZnCl2 supplementation provoked a significant improvement in most indices. These results suggest that the co-treatment with Se or ZnCl2 strongly opposes the placenta cytotoxicity induced by K2Cr2O7 through its antioxidant action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saouli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physio-Toxicology-Pathology and Biomolecules, Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Marwa Ncir
- Animal Eco-Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achouak Bachir
- Anatomy and Pathology Laboratory, EHS Salim Zemirli, 16200, El Harrach, Algeria
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Eco-Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marini P, Fernández Beato L, Cane F, Teijeiro JM. Effect of zinc on boar sperm liquid storage. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1107929. [PMID: 36816186 PMCID: PMC9932539 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage and transport of liquid boar sperm for artificial insemination (AI) requires the addition of solutions called extenders, which increase the volume of the ejaculate and help preserve its functional characteristics. Yet, the quality of sperm decreases over time primarily due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage the plasma membrane. Many commercial extenders are supplemented with additives that mitigate this effect. In semen, zinc is supplied at high concentration on the seminal plasma and helps protect the plasma membrane of sperm. However, zinc in the seminal plasma is diluted and chelated upon addition of extenders for storage, potentially reducing its antioxidant effect. Here we characterize viability, motility, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity and ROS content of boar sperm diluted with Sus (Medi Nova, Italy) extender supplemented with different concentrations of ZnCl2, at intervals after dilution during 3 days. The ability of sperm supplemented with 2 mM ZnCl2 to fertilize oocytes in vivo of was also tested. Sperm viability was over 82% for all treatments. Mitochondrial integrity analysis, measured by Cytochrome c activity, indicated a protector effect of Zn, noted as a reduced number of sperm with extensive loss of mitochondrial activity. Acrosomal integrity was improved by treatment with all concentrations of ZnCl2 tested. Sperm kinematics were affected by treatment with ZnCl2, showing higher percentage of progressive and rapid sperm in doses supplemented with 2mM ZnCl2. ROS levels and chromatin integrity did not show differences between ZnCl2-supplemented doses and the control. Fertilization rate, total number, live, still born and mummified piglets did not change when sperm were diluted with extender containing 2 mM ZnCl2. The presented characterization indicates that Zn addition to Sus extender have a protective effect on mitochondrial sheath and acrosomal membranes; and provides the basis for further studies aimed to optimize sperm performance in AI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marini
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina,Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CIUNR), IBR-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciana Fernández Beato
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Manuel Teijeiro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chañar Ladeado, Argentina,*Correspondence: Juan Manuel Teijeiro ✉
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Peng C, Wang Z, Ma H, Liu D, Wang L, Wang C. Zinc-Enriched Yeast May Improve Spermatogenesis by Regulating Steroid Production and Antioxidant Levels in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3712-3722. [PMID: 34664181 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for the human body. This nutrient is involved in numerous physiological functions and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Zn-enriched yeast (ZnY) is considered a Zn supplement with high bioavailability and is widely used as a functional food. However, the effect of ZnY on male reproductive function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ZnY on the treatment of male spermatogenesis disorders. The spermatogenic dysfunctional mice were established by using cyclophosphamide (CP). CP was administered in saline at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day for 5 days by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Then, ZnY was orally supplemented at the dose levels of 2, 4, and 8 mg Zn/kg bw/day for 30 days. CP significantly decreased the sperm density and viability, testicular marker enzymes, serum testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). ZnY supplementation significantly improved these sperm parameters and hormone levels. Additionally, ZnY decreased the CP-induced lipid peroxidation and increased the glutathione levels. Moreover, ZnY increased the gene expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and steroid synthetase in mouse testes. The low-dose ZnY supplementation has a better effect on improving spermatogenesis, while the other two groups are less beneficial roles possibly due to excessive Zn intake. The present results suggest that appropriate ZnY can act as an accessory factor to improve steroid production and antioxidant levels in spermatogenic dysfunction mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjiao Liu
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawlor M, Zigo M, Kerns K, Cho IK, Easley IV CA, Sutovsky P. Spermatozoan Metabolism as a Non-Traditional Model for the Study of Huntington’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137163. [PMID: 35806166 PMCID: PMC9266437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease manifested through motor dysfunction and cognitive deficits. Decreased fertility is also observed in HD animal models and HD male patients, due to altered spermatogenesis and sperm function, thus resulting in reduced fertilization potential. Although some pharmaceuticals are currently utilized to mitigate HD symptoms, an effective treatment that remedies the pathogenesis of the disease is yet to be approved by the FDA. Identification of genes and relevant diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic target pathways including glycolysis and mitochondrial complex-I-dependent respiration may be advantageous for early diagnosis, management, and treatment of the disease. This review addresses the HD pathway in neuronal and sperm metabolism, including relevant gene and protein expression in both neurons and spermatozoa, indicated in the pathogenesis of HD. Furthermore, zinc-containing and zinc-interacting proteins regulate and/or are regulated by zinc ion homeostasis in both neurons and spermatozoa. Therefore, this review also aims to explore the comparative role of zinc in both neuronal and sperm function. Ongoing studies aim to characterize the products of genes implicated in HD pathogenesis that are expressed in both neurons and spermatozoa to facilitate studies of future treatment avenues in HD and HD-related male infertility. The emerging link between zinc homeostasis and the HD pathway could lead to new treatments and diagnostic methods linking genetic sperm defects with somatic comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Lawlor
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.L.); (M.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.L.); (M.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.L.); (M.Z.); (K.K.)
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - In Ki Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.K.C.); (C.A.E.IV)
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Charles A. Easley IV
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.K.C.); (C.A.E.IV)
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.L.); (M.Z.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-882-3329
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willekens J, Runnels LW. Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122526. [PMID: 35745255 PMCID: PMC9231024 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Asgharzadeh F, Roshan-Milani S, Fard AA, Ahmadi K, Saboory E, Pourjabali M, Chodari L, Amini M. The protective effect of zinc on morphine-induced testicular toxicity via p53 and Akt pathways: An in vitro and in vivo approach. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126776. [PMID: 33984544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic use of morphine is associated with reproductive complications, such as hypogonadism and infertility. While the side effects of morphine have been extensively studied in the testis, much less is known regarding the effects of morphine on Sertoli cells and the effects of zinc on morphine-induced testicular injury as well as their underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of morphine (alone and co-administered with zinc) on cell viability and apoptosis of the testicular (Sertoli) cells as well as the tumor suppressor p53 and phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-Akt) protein levels in both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Cultured Sertoli cells were exposed to morphine (23 μM), zinc (8 μM), and zinc prior to morphine and their effects on Sertoli cell viability and apoptosis were investigated. Morphine (3 mg/kg) and zinc (5 mg/kg, 1 h before morphine) were also injected intraperitoneally to rats and then the apoptotic changes in the testis were evaluated. RESULTS Cell viability and p-Akt protein levels decreased in morphine-treated cells, while apoptosis and p53 protein expression increased in these cells. Pretreatment with zinc recovered morphine-induced apoptotic effects, as well as over-expression of p53 and down-regulation of p-Akt. These findings were supported by a subsequent animal study. CONCLUSION The present data indicated the protective effect of zinc against morphine-induced testicular (Sertoli) cell toxicity via p53/Akt pathways in both in vivo and in vitro models and suggested the clinical importance of zinc on infertility among chronic opioid users and addicted men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amin Abdollahzade Fard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Kimia Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Pourjabali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sahu C, Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Zinc and selenium combination treatment protected diabetes-induced testicular and epididymal damage in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1235-1256. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120914963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the possibility of germ cell damage, hypogonadism, and male infertility. Diabetic condition negatively impacts zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) levels in the body. Zn and Se are among the most important trace elements involved in the regulation of redox reaction, antioxidants enzymes activities, and DNA expression in a germ cell. The present study aimed to elucidate the combined effects of Zn and Se treatment on diabetes-induced germ cell damage in male Sprague Dawley rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced by the single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Zn (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and Se (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered daily for 8 consecutive weeks. All the animals were provided with normal feed and water throughout the study. The effects on germ cell damage were evaluated by body weight, feed-water intake, organ weight, sperm count, motility, sperm head morphology, biochemical analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, halo assay, germ cell comet assay, testes terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, sperm TUNEL assay, serum protein pattern analysis, and subcellular analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Further, the expressions of nuclear erythroid-derived related factor 2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 4, and glutathione peroxidase 5 were carried out to ascertain the mechanism of protection. The present results demonstrated that 8 weeks combined treatment of Zn (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and Se (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced diabetes-induced germ cell damage. This study further highlighted that Zn and Se combination treatment might be a better strategy for the germ cell protection in diabetes and deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - DK Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - GB Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Li Z, Cao Y, Zhou X, Li C. Chronic excessive Zn intake increases the testicular sensitivity to high ambient temperature in Bama miniature pigs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113629. [PMID: 31806468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) can accumulate in the body of wild animal and human through bio-magnification effects in the food chain to pose chronic toxicity. Male spermatogenesis was sensitive to excessive Zn and elevated temperature. This study aimed to examine whether or not excessive Zn intake caused testicular toxicity and estimate the interaction between Zn and high temperature (HT) in testes of Bama miniature pigs. Six-month-old pigs were pre-fed with or without additional Zn at 1500 mg/kg diet for 30 d and afterward subjected to HT at 40 °C for 5 h daily for 8 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on d 31 and d 38 and testes were obtained on d 38 immediately after HT exposure. Our data showed both scrotal surface temperature (T) and body surface T increased after 5-h HT exposure (p < 0.05). Pigs fed with additional Zn showed germ cell loss, the decreased testes weight (p < 0.01) and the elevated testicular H2O2 level (p < 0.05) as exposed to HT. In additional Zn groups, the autophagosomes or autolysosomes were more frequently observed in the Leydig cells and abnormal acrosomes increased in spermatids. Additional Zn diet increased p62 protein level (p < 0.05), decreased testicular Zn concentration (p < 0.01) and down-regulated the relative mRNA expression of heme oxygenase 1 (p < 0.05). There were significant interactions between T and Zn on testes weight, the relative weight of testes, testosterone concentration on d 31, and the relative mRNA expression of Zn transporters 1 and 2. In conclusion, chronic excessive Zn diet impacted testicular Zn concentration and made the testes more vulnerable to heat, leading to testicular toxicity in Bama miniature pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaojian Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Cao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beigi Harchegani A, Dahan H, Tahmasbpour E, Bakhtiari Kaboutaraki H, Shahriary A. Effects of zinc deficiency on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility: the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. HUM FERTIL 2018; 23:5-16. [PMID: 30129823 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1494390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is necessary for the normal function of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa. Although influences of zinc deficiency on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility have been widely considered, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these abnormalities are not well understood. General abnormalities, including hypogonadism, Leydig cells damage, deficiency of sex hormone production and impaired spermatogenesis, as well as inflammation, antioxidant depletion, sperm death and male infertility can be observed during zinc deficiency. However, it is not obvious which pathways are relevant to the pathogenesis of zinc deficiency. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species is likely as the main mechanism of zinc deficiency which is associated with sperm DNA fragmentation, decrease in sperm membrane integrity, apoptosis, depletion of antioxidants, and consequently poor sperm quality and male infertility. Therefore, identification of these pathways will give valuable information regarding the mechanisms of zinc deficiency on the male reproductive system and the potential way for developing a better clinical approach. In this review, we aim to discuss the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of zinc deficiency on the male reproductive system, the importance of OS and mechanisms by which zinc deficiency induces OS and depletion of other antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heydar Dahan
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakhtiari Kaboutaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rahman MM, Ukiana J, Uson-Lopez R, Sikder MT, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Cytotoxic effects of cadmium and zinc co-exposure in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanism. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 269:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Camora LF, Silva APG, Santos SAA, Justulin LA, Perobelli JE, Barbisan LF, Scarano WR. Impact of maternal and postnatal zinc dietary status on the prostate of pubescent and adult rats. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1203-1213. [PMID: 28244627 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is important for cell physiology and alteration of its levels during development can modulate a series of biological events. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary zinc deficiency or supplementation during morphogenesis and early postnatal development could interfere in prostate maturation. Pregnant rats were exposed to a standard diet (NZ:35 mg Zn/kg chow), low-zinc diet (LZ:3 mg of Zn/kg chow) and zinc-supplemented diet (HZ:180 mg/Kg chow) from gestational day 10 (GD10) through postnatal day 21 (PND21). After weaning, male offspring were divided into three groups that were submitted to the same food conditions as their mothers until PND53. The animals were euthanized at PND53 and PND115. The ventral prostate was removed, weighed and its fragments were subjected to histological, western blot and zymography analysis. PND53: body and prostate weight were lower in LZ compared to NZ; the epithelial compartment was reduced while the stromal compartment was increased in LZ compared to NZ; there was an increase in the amount of collagen and reduction in AR and SIRT1 expression in LZ compared to NZ. PND115: body weight was lower in LZ compared to NZ and prostate weight was similar among the groups; peripheral physiological hyperplasia was observed, as well as an increased epithelial proliferation index and reduced PAR4 expression in LZ and HZ compared to NZ. Zinc deficiency during prostate morphogenesis and differentiation is potentially harmful to its morphology, however, by restoring the standard dietary environment, the gland responds to the new microenvironment independent of the previous dietary condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Camora
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Priscila G Silva
- Department of Sciences of the Sea, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Department of Sciences of the Sea, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shayakhmetova GM, Bondarenko LB, Voronina AK, Matvienko AV, Kitam V, Kovalenko VM. Repeated administration of ethambutol in therapeutic dose causes testes alteration and spermatogenesis disruption in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:520-533. [PMID: 27334974 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116655390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ethambutol (EMB) is conventionally used to treat tuberculosis and atypical Mycobacterium infections in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs. Eventually, EMB testicular toxicity has not been explored extensively yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate testicular toxicity of EMB. We explored the impact of EMB on male rats' fertility, testosterone level and germ cells state, testicular pro- and anti-oxidant status and DNA damage, as well as identified EMB effects on cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) both with computer simulation and in vivo. We demonstrated that EMB administration to male rats decreased in epididymal sperm count (19%) and fertility index (53%). These events were accompanied by reduction in serum testosterone content (1.6 times) and appearance of spermatogenic epithelium damages. It was also found in testes the intensification of lipid peroxidation, decrease in reduced glutathione content and changes in DNA fragmentation. Additionally, computer simulation showed direct interaction of EMB with CYP2E1 active site and heme. On the top of this, we demonstrated that level of testicular CYP2E1 messenger RNA in EMB-treated rats was increased 8.7 folds and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity in testes rose three folds. As this shows, EMB-caused CYP2E1 induction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the testes contribute to inhibition of steroidogenesis enzymes and spermatogenesis disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Shayakhmetova
- 1 General Toxicology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - L B Bondarenko
- 1 General Toxicology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A K Voronina
- 1 General Toxicology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A V Matvienko
- 2 Pathomorphology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V Kitam
- 3 Ukrainian Research Institute of Archival Affairs and Record Keeping, Department for Archival Affairs Technological Support, Sector for Archives Preservation Technologies Development, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V M Kovalenko
- 1 General Toxicology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Downey AM, Hales BF, Robaire B. Zinc Transport Differs in Rat Spermatogenic Cell Types and Is Affected by Treatment with Cyclophosphamide. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:22. [PMID: 27281708 PMCID: PMC5029433 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.140558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate zinc levels are required for proper cellular functions and for male germ cell development. Zinc transport is accomplished by two families of zinc transporters, the ZIPs and the ZnTs, that increase and decrease cytosolic zinc levels, respectively. However, very little is known about zinc transport in the testis. Furthermore, whether cytotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CPA), a known male germ cell toxicant, can affect zinc transport and homeostasis is unknown. We examined zinc transporter expression and zinc transport in pachytene spermatocytes (PS) and round spermatids (RS) in a normal state and after exposure to CPA. We observed differences in the expression of members of the ZnT and ZIP families in purified populations of PS and RS. We also observed that RS accumulate more zinc over time than PS. The expression of many zinc binding genes was altered after CPA treatment. Interestingly, we found that the expression levels of ZIP5 and ZIP14 were increased in PS from animals treated daily with 6 mg/kg CPA for 4 wk but not in RS. This up-regulation led to an increase in zinc uptake in PS but not in RS from treated animals compared to controls. These data suggest that CPA treatment may alter zinc homeostasis in male germ cells leading to an increased need for zinc. Altered zinc homeostasis may disrupt proper germ cell development and contribute to infertility and effects on progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Downey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rotter I, Kosik-Bogacka DI, Dołęgowska B, Safranow K, Kuczyńska M, Laszczyńska M. Analysis of the relationship between the blood concentration of several metals, macro- and micronutrients and endocrine disorders associated with male aging. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:749-761. [PMID: 26254889 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beyond 30 years of age, men experience a decline in the production of testosterone, yet only a few develop late-onset hypogonadism. This study was designed to determine the relationship between blood concentrations of metals, macro- and micronutrients and age-related testosterone deficiency and associated hormonal changes in aging men. The research involved 313 men aged 50-75 years. We used ELISA to determine the concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). We calculated free androgen index (FAI). With the use of emission spectrometry in inductively coupled argon plasma, we determined the whole-blood concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and tungsten (W), as well as serum concentrations of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo). The study showed no relationship between TT and FT and the concentrations of metals. Men with TT deficiency had significantly lower concentrations of Mg and Fe and increased Mn. Men with FT deficiency had higher W and Cr levels and lower Fe. Assessing the correlation between the concentrations of hormones, SHBG and FAI, and the concentration of metals and macro- and microelements in the blood of the men, we found positive correlations between the concentrations of TT-Mg, TT-Fe, TT-Mo, FT-Fe, E2-As, SHBG-Mn, FAI-W, FAI-As, FAI-Zn and FAI-Ca, and negative correlations between the concentrations of TT-Mn, FT-Cd, FT-Cr, E2-Hg, E2-Cr, SHBG-W, SHBG-As, SHBG-Zn, SHBG-Ca, FAI-Pb and FAI-Mn. Positive correlations between As and E2 and between As and FAI may suggest a lack of association between this metal and hypogonadism in people not exposed to excess As levels. Our research indicates a positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Fe and Zn and endocrine system in aging men, in contrast to Mn and Cr. Toxic metals (Cd, Pb) seemed to negatively affect the level of bioavailable testosterone. In persons not exposed to As, As does not contribute late-onset hypogonadism. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg and W) may contribute to a lower concentration of DHEAS. The role of W in men with LOH was found to be ambiguous, as on the one hand its concentration was higher in men with FT deficiency, and on the other hand it positively correlated with FAI, which in turn indirectly indicates testosterone availability. Copper and selenium do not seem to play any significant role in the occurrence of TT deficiency in aging men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rotter
- Independent Laboratory of Medical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta I Kosik-Bogacka
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kuczyńska
- Department of Human Sciences in Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pourhassanali N, Roshan-Milani S, Kheradmand F, Motazakker M, Bagheri M, Saboory E. Zinc attenuates ethanol-induced Sertoli cell toxicity and apoptosis through caspase-3 mediated pathways. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Gabrielsen JS, Tanrikut C. Chronic exposures and male fertility: the impacts of environment, diet, and drug use on spermatogenesis. Andrology 2016; 4:648-61. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Gabrielsen
- Department of Urology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - C. Tanrikut
- Department of Urology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Joshi S, Nair N, Bedwal RS. Dietary zinc deficiency effects dorso-lateral and ventral prostate of Wistar rats: histological, biochemical and trace element study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:91-100. [PMID: 25053558 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency has become a global problem affecting the developed and developing countries due to inhibitors in the diet which prevents its absorption or due to a very low concentration of bioavailable zinc in the diet. Being present in high concentration in the prostate and having diverse biological function, we investigated the effects of dietary zinc deficiency for 2 and 4 weeks on dorso-lateral and ventral prostate. Sixty prepubertal rats were divided into three groups: zinc control (ZC), pair fed (PF) and zinc deficient (ZD) and fed on 100 μg/g (zinc control and pair fed groups) and 1 μg/g (zinc deficient) diet. Zinc deficiency was associated with degenerative changes in dorso-lateral and ventral prostate as made evident by karyolysis, karyorhexis, cytoplasmolysis, loss of cellularisation, decreased intraluminar secretion and degeneration of fibromuscular stroma. In response, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, acid phosphatase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase increased, exhibiting variable level of significance. Total protein and total zinc concentration in dorso-lateral and ventral prostate as well as in serum decreased (P < 0.001). Decrease (P < 0.001) was recorded in serum FSH and testosterone after 2 and 4 weeks of zinc deficiency. The changes were more prominent after 4 weeks of synthetic zinc deficient diet. The results indicate that zinc deficiency during prepubertal period affects the prostate structure, total protein concentration, enhanced protein carbonyl concentration, nitric oxide as well as acid phosphatase activities and impaired hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. Evidently these changes could be attributed to dysfunction of dorso-lateral and ventral prostate after dietary zinc deficiency as well as impairment of metabolic and secretory activity, reduced gonadotropin levels by hypothalamus -hypophysial system which is indicative of a critical role of zinc in maintaining the prostate integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Joshi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302055, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhai X, Dai J, Jiang X, Wang G, Li W, Cai L. Effects of Zn deficiency, antioxidants, and low-dose radiation on diabetic oxidative damage and cell death in the testis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:42-7. [PMID: 22992206 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.731437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is one of the common complications in diabetic men and mainly due to the loss of germ cells by apoptotic cell death. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of testicular cell death by diabetes, diabetic induction of testicular oxidative stress and damage may be the predominant mechanism responsible for the testicular cell death in diabetes. To explore whether factors that either increase or decrease the testicular oxidative stress and damage will enhance or prevent diabetes-induced testicular cell death, the effect of zinc (Zn) deficiency on diabetes-induced cell death has been examined since Zn was found to play an important role in the protection of testis from oxidative stress and damage. Zn deficiency, induced by its chelator N,N,N,N-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, was found to exacerbate diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage and cell death. In contrast, treatment of diabetic rats with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or low-dose radiation that can up-regulate endogenous antioxidants significantly attenuated diabetes-induced testicular cell death. These results suggest that diabetes-induced testicular cell death that may eventually cause men's infertility is predominantly mediated by the oxidative stress and damage. To prevent or delay diabetes-caused infertility, diabetic patients should avoid Zn deficiency, and might consider antioxidant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumari D, Nair N, Bedwal RS. Protein carbonyl, 3β-, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in testes and serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels in zinc deficient Wistar rats. Biofactors 2012; 38:234-9. [PMID: 22505238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated protein oxidation, alteration in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β- and 17β HSD) in testes and serum hormonal profiles of dietary zinc deficient Wistar rats. Pre-pubertal rats were divided into three groups: zinc control (ZC), pairfed (PF), and zinc deficient (ZD) and fed 100 ppm (ZC and PF groups) and 1.0 ppm (ZD group) zinc diet for 2- and 4-weeks. The testes from zinc deficient groups exhibited significant increase in total protein (2 weeks) and protein carbonyl (2- and 4-weeks) concentration as well as 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities (4 weeks), whereas a significant decrease was recorded in total protein (testes 4 weeks; serum 2- and 4-weeks), total zinc (testes and serum 2- and 4-weeks), 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities (testes 2 weeks), and serum hormonal profiles (FSH and testosterone 2- and 4-weeks). However, LH was below the detectable limits. These results reflect that zinc deficiency during pre-pubertal period affected total protein and zinc status, elevates protein oxidation, and causes dysregulation of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Low level of zinc attenuated the gonadal physiology which indicates that the metabolic regulation of testes is mediated by combined effects of a specific response (caused by decreased zinc concentration) and a nonspecific response (inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion). All these contribute to testicular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kumari
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|