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Voruganti A, Bowness P. New developments in our understanding of ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis. Immunology 2020; 161:94-102. [PMID: 32696457 PMCID: PMC7496782 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory arthritis with a strong genetic predisposition. We review recent data from genetic and animal studies highlighting the importance of Type 17 immune responses. Furthermore, the efficacy (or lack thereof) of different anti‐cytokine monoclonal antibodies has highlighted the diversity of Type 17 immune cells and cytokines critical to AS and related spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Recent studies have strongly implicated the gut microbiome in AS. Finally, we propose that the local metabolic environment of the joint may have a key role in driving AS, and present a novel model of AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A, Filipović M, Kalajzić I, Grčević D, Kovačić N. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Bone 2020; 137:115403. [PMID: 32371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondroprogenitors are crucial for embryonic bone development and postnatal processes such as bone repair in response to fracture injury, and their dysfunction may contribute to insufficient repair of structural damage in inflammatory arthritides. In the fracture healing, the early inflammatory phase is crucial for normal callus development and new bone formation. This process involves a complex interplay of many molecules and cell types, responsible for recruitment, expansion and differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor populations. In inflammatory arthritides, inflammation induces bone resorption and causes insufficient bone formation, which leads to local and systemic bone loss. While bone loss is a predominant feature in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation also induces pathologic bone formation at enthesial sites in seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and have fundamental roles in maintenance of postnatal bone homeostasis. They are crucial regulators of the osteochondroprogenitor pool and drive their proliferation, differentiation, and lifespan during bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the effects of inflammation on osteochondroprogenitor populations during fracture repair and in inflammatory arthritides, with special focus on inflammation-mediated modulation of BMP signaling. We also present data in which we describe a population of murine synovial osteochondroprogenitor cells, which are reduced in arthritis, and characterize their expression of genes involved in regulation of bone homeostasis, emphasizing the up-regulation of BMP pathways in early progenitor subset. Based on the presented data, it may be concluded that during an inflammatory response, innate immune cells induce osteochondroprogenitors by providing signals for their recruitment, by producing BMPs and other osteogenic factors for paracrine effects, and by secreting inflammatory cytokines that may positively regulate osteogenic pathways. On the other hand, inflammatory cells may secrete cytokines that interfere with osteogenic pathways, proapoptotic factors that reduce the pool of osteochondroprogenitor cells, as well as BMP and Wnt antagonists. The net effect is strongly context-dependent and influenced by the local milieu of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Further elucidation of the interplay between inflammatory signals and BMP-mediated bone formation may provide valuable tools for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzić
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chimenti MS, Fonti GL, Conigliaro P, Sunzini F, Scrivo R, Navarini L, Triggianese P, Peluso G, Scolieri P, Caccavale R, Picchianti Diamanti A, De Martino E, Salemi S, Birra D, Altobelli A, Paroli M, Bruzzese V, Laganà B, Gremese E, Conti F, Afeltra A, Perricone R. One-year effectiveness, retention rate, and safety of secukinumab in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: a real-life multicenter study. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:813-821. [PMID: 32401062 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1761957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab (SEC) is effective for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in randomized trials, but real-life data are lacking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Real-life, prospective observational study on 169 consecutive outpatients at baseline (T0) and at 6 (T6) and 12 months (T12) after starting SEC (39 AS, 23%; 130 PsA, 77%). RESULTS Significant improvement was seen at T6 and T12 for all clinical variables, including TJC, SJC, ESR, CRP, DAPSA, ASDAS-CRP, and BASDAI, as well as in patient-reported outcomes like VAS-pain. By multivariable regression analysis, in AS patients high BASDAI at T0 correlated with diagnostic delay (R2 = 0.4; p = 0.009) and peripheral joint involvement (R2 = 0.4; p = 0.04). During follow-up, reduction of BASDAI positively correlated with high ESR (R2 = 0.65; p = 0.04). ASDAS-CRP at T0 positively correlated with high ESR (R2 = 0.34; p = 0.004). Reduction of ASDAS-CRP from T0 to T6 correlated with current smoking status (R2 = 0.42; p = 0.003). In PsA patients, reduction of DAPSA score from T0 to T12 is negatively correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (R2 = 0.41; p = 0.0025). SEC was well tolerated; 10 patients discontinued treatment for non-severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab is effective and safe in patients with AS and PsA in a real-life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lavinia Fonti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Sunzini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scrivo
- UOC di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Peluso
- Istituto di Reumatologia e Scienze Affini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS- Presidio Columbus , Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Scolieri
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Reumatologia, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita , Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Caccavale
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Polo Pontino , Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Erica De Martino
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Birra
- Istituto di Reumatologia e Scienze Affini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS- Presidio Columbus , Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Altobelli
- UOC di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Marino Paroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Polo Pontino , Latina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruzzese
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Reumatologia, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita , Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Istituto di Reumatologia e Scienze Affini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS- Presidio Columbus , Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- UOC di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Afeltra
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a term that refers to a group of inflammatory diseases that includes psoriatic arthritis, axial SpA and nonradiographic axial SpA, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis and undifferentiated SpA. The disease subtypes share clinical and immunological features, including joint inflammation (peripheral and axial skeleton); skin, gut and eye manifestations; and the absence of diagnostic autoantibodies (seronegative). The diseases also share genetic factors. The aetiology of SpA is still the subject of research by many groups worldwide. Evidence from genetic, experimental and clinical studies has accumulated to indicate a clear role for the IL-17 pathway in the pathogenesis of SpA. The IL-17 family consists of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E and IL-17F, of which IL-17A is the best studied. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that also has the capacity to promote angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Of the six family members, IL-17A has the strongest homology with IL-17F. In this Review, we discuss how IL-17A and IL-17F and their cellular sources might contribute to the immunopathology of SpA.
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Gravallese EM, Schett G. Effects of the IL-23–IL-17 pathway on bone in spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:631-640. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ohtsuji M, Lin Q, Okazaki H, Takahashi K, Amano H, Yagita H, Nishimura H, Hirose S. Anti-CD11b antibody treatment suppresses the osteoclast generation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and autoantibody production in arthritis-prone FcγRIIB-deficient mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:25. [PMID: 29422084 PMCID: PMC5806351 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously we established an arthritis-prone FcγRIIB-deficient mouse strain (designated KO1). Anti-mouse CD11b mAb (5C6) has been reported to inhibit the recruitment of peripheral CD11b+ myelomonocytic cells from the blood to the inflammatory site. These cells include neutrophils and monocytes, both of which play important roles in the development of arthritis. Here we treated KO1 mice with 5C6 mAb in order to study its effect on arthritis development. METHODS To evaluate the disease-preventive effect of 5C6, 4-month-old preclinical KO1 mice were divided into three groups: the first treated with 5C6 for 6 months, the second treated with normal rat IgG for 6 months, as a control, and the third left untreated. Arthritis severity and immunological abnormalities were compared among the groups, along with transcriptional levels of several important arthritis-related factors in ankle joints, spleen, and peripheral blood cells. RESULTS The 5C6 treatment ameliorated arthritis in KO1 mice, showing decreases in inflammatory cell infiltration and osteoclast formation. Analysis of transcriptional levels in ankle joints revealed that compared with the two control groups, the 5C6-treated group showed downregulated expression of RANK, RANKL, MCP-1, RANTES, TNFα, and IL-6, and at the same time showed significantly up-regulated expression of the decoy receptor for RANKL, i.e. osteoprotegerin. In addition, the disease suppression was associated with the lower serum levels of autoantibodies, and the decreased frequencies of activated B cells and plasma cells. The expression levels of B cell activation/differentiation-related cytokines were suppressed in spleen and peripheral leukocytes of the 5C6-treated mice. Intriguingly, while untreated KO1 mice spontaneously developed marked monocytosis, the 5C6-treated mice showed the significantly down-regulated frequency of monocytes. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of 5C6 treatment was complex, in which the 5C6-mediated disease-preventive effect is likely due on one hand to the decrease in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and osteoclast precursor monocytes from the periphery into the joints, and on the other hand to the suppression of B cell activation/maturation and of autoantibody production via the suppression of B cell stimulating cytokine production. The lower levels of these cytokines may be the secondary effect of the lower frequency of monocytes, since monocytes/macrophages are the major producers of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareki Ohtsuji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan
| | - Qingshun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Okazaki
- Health and Life Science, Musashigaoka Junior College, Saitama, 355-0154, Japan
| | - Kazuko Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, 238-8522, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Amano
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8502, Japan.
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Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in naïve or TNF-inhibitors failure psoriatic arthritis patients: a 24-month prospective multicentric study. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article highlights and emphasizes how new knowledge of mechanisms linked to the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway is relevant to the pathophysiology of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and demonstrates how molecules in IL-23/IL-17 pathway provide novel therapeutic targets for axSpA patients. RECENT FINDINGS Similarly to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the increased frequency of Th17 cells in nr-axSpA patients underscores the concept that these disorders can be viewed on a spectrum. Recent findings suggest that the contribution of IL-23/IL-17 signaling pathways possibly differs in male and female AS patients. The finding that IL-17 and IL-22 secreting-type 3 innate lymphoid cells are increased in AS patients point to their potential role in the pathogenesis of axSpA. Reports of dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of AS patients support previous work indicating a possible causal relationship between altered gut flora, ileocolonic inflammation and axSpA. Of important clinical relevance are results from clinical trials supporting the efficacy and safety of agents that block IL-12/23 (ustekinumab) and IL-17 (secukinumab and ixekizumab) in AS patients. SUMMARY Recent studies further establish the central position of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in the pathogenesis of axSpA. Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway appears to be a safe and effective strategy for treatment of axSpA patients.
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Neve A, Maruotti N, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Pathogenesis of ligaments ossification in spondyloarthritis: insights and doubts. Ann Med 2017; 49:196-205. [PMID: 27685190 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1243802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis, some important questions still remain unanswered, particularly concerning enthesis new bone formation. Several evidences suggest that it prevalently occurs by endochondral ossification, however it remains to identify factors that can induce and influence its initiation and progression. Recent progress, achieved in animal models and in vitro and genetic association studies, has led us to hypothesize that several systemic factors (adipokines and gut hormones) and local factors (BMP and Wnt signaling) as well as angiogenesis and mechanical stress are involved. We critically review and summarize the available data and delineate the possible mechanisms involved in enthesis ossification, particularly at spinal ligament level. KEY MESSAGES Complete understanding of spondyloarthritis pathophysiology requires insights into inflammation, bone destruction and bone formation, which are all located in entheses and lead all together to ankylosis and functional disability. Several factors probably play a role in the pathogenesis of bone formation in entheses including not only cytokines but also several systemic factors such as adipokines and gut hormones, and local factors, such as BMP and Wnt signaling, as well as angiogenesis and mechanical stress. Data available about pathophysiology of new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are limited and often conflicting and future studies are needed to better delineate it and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neve
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia Medical School , Foggia , Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia Medical School , Foggia , Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia Medical School , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- a Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia Medical School , Foggia , Italy
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Cheung PP. Anti-IL17A in Axial Spondyloarthritis-Where Are We At? Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 28149838 PMCID: PMC5241317 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the mechanisms of the IL17–IL23 pathway and its role in spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been pivotal to the development of IL-17 blockade in patients with axial SpA. Previously, only anti-TNF has proven to be clinically efficacious in patients with active disease, despite non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy. However, up to 50% fail to achieve a clinically significant response. Secukinumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL-17A, has recently been approved for use in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical studies and current issues surrounding the use of secukinumab will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Cheung
- Division of Rheumatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University, Singapore, Singapore
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González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, Pacheco-Tena C. Molecular mechanisms of bone formation in spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Shaw AT, Maeda Y, Gravallese EM. IL-17A deficiency promotes periosteal bone formation in a model of inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:104. [PMID: 27165410 PMCID: PMC4863346 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pathogenic role in several rheumatic diseases including spondyloarthritis and, paradoxically, has been described to both promote and protect from bone formation. We therefore examined the effects of IL-17A on osteoblast differentiation in vitro and on periosteal bone formation in an in vivo model of inflammatory arthritis. METHODS K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was induced in IL-17A-deficient and wild-type mice. Clinical and histologic inflammation was assessed and periosteal bone formation was quantitated. Murine calvarial osteoblasts were differentiated in the continuous presence of IL-17A with or without blockade of secreted frizzled related protein (sFRP)1 and effects on differentiation were determined by qRT-PCR and mineralization assays. The impact of IL-17A on expression of Wnt signaling pathway antagonists was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Finally, regulation of Dickkopf (DKK)1 expression in murine synovial fibroblasts was evaluated after treatment with IL-17A, TNF, or IL-17A plus TNF. RESULTS IL-17A-deficient mice develop significantly more periosteal bone than wild-type mice at peak inflammation, despite comparable severity of inflammation and bone erosion. IL-17A inhibits calvarial osteoblast differentiation in vitro, inducing mRNA expression of the Wnt antagonist sFRP1 in osteoblasts, and suppressing sFRP3 expression, both potentially contributing to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, a blocking antibody to sFRP1 reduced the inhibitory effect of IL-17A on differentiation. Although treatment with IL-17A suppresses DKK1 mRNA expression in osteoblasts, IL-17A plus TNF synergistically upregulate DKK1 mRNA expression in synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS IL-17A may limit the extent of bone formation at inflamed periosteal sites in spondyloarthritis. IL-17A inhibits calvarial osteoblast differentiation, in part by regulating expression of Wnt signaling pathway components. These results demonstrate that additional studies focusing on the role of IL-17A in bone formation in spondyloarthritis are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Suite 223, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yukiko Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Suite 223, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ellen M Gravallese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Suite 223, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Neerinckx B, Elewaut D, Lories RJ. Spreading spondyloarthritis: are ILCs cytokine shuttles from base camp gut? Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wang X, Zakaria O, Madi M, Hao J, Chou J, Kasugai S. Vertical bone augmentation induced by ultrathin hydroxyapatite sputtered coated mini titanium implants in a rabbit calvaria model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1700-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery; Pharos University in Alexandria; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Jia Hao
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Joshua Chou
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Group; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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Qin Y, He LD, Sheng ZJ, Yong MM, Sheng YS, Wei Dong X, Wen Wen T, Ming ZY. Increased CCL19 and CCL21 levels promote fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis hip ligament tissue. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:316. [PMID: 25260647 PMCID: PMC4190335 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-documented that both chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and 21 (CCL21) mediate cell migration and angiogenesis in many diseases. However, these ligands’ precise pathological role in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 (CCL19/CCL21) in AS hip ligament tissue (LT) and determine their pathological functions. Methods The expression levels of CCL19, CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 in AS (n = 31) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 21) LT were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 in AS ligament fibroblasts was also detected. The proliferation of ligament fibroblasts was measured via a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay after exogenous CCL19/CCL21 treatment. Additionally, the role of CCL19/CCL21 in osteogenesis was evaluated via RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in individual AS fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, the expression of the bone markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), collagenase I (COL1), integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) and the key regulators runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and osterix were investigated. Moreover, the CCL19/CCL21 levels in serum and LT were measured via ELISA. Results The mRNA levels of CCL19/CCL21 in AS hip LT were significantly higher than that in OA LT, and IHC analysis revealed a similar result. Exogenous CCL19/CCL21 treatment did not affect the proliferation of ligament fibroblasts but significantly up-regulated the expression of bone markers, including ALP and OCN, and the key regulators Runx-2 and osterix. In addition, the serum levels of CCL19/CCL21 were apparently elevated in AS patients compared to healthy controls (HC), and the expression of the two chemokines correlated significantly in AS patients. Conclusions CCL19 and CCL21, two chemokines displaying significantly associated expression in serum, indicating a synergistic effect on AS pathogenesis, may function as promoters of ligament ossification in AS patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-316) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Wei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Changhai Road 168, Shanghai 200433, Yangpu district, P, R, China.
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Ohtsuji M, Lin Q, Nishikawa K, Ohtsuji N, Okazaki H, Tsurui H, Amano H, Shirai T, Nishimoto N, Nishimura H, Hirose S. IL-6 signal blockade ameliorates the enhanced osteoclastogenesis and the associated joint destruction in a novel FcγRIIB-deficient rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:270-7. [PMID: 25159156 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.950035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We earlier found that TNFα but not interleukin (IL)-17 is indispensable in the pathogenesis of spontaneously occurring rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like disease in our newly established FcγRIIB-deficient C57BL/6 (B6) mouse model, designated KO1. Here, we examined the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of RA features in KO1, with particular reference to cartilage and bone destruction in arthritic joints. METHODS To evaluate the preventive effect of MR16-1, a rat anti-mouse IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) mAb, 4-month-old preclinical KO1 mice were divided into three groups: the first treated with MR16-1 for 6 months, the second treated with normal rat IgG, as a control, and the third left untreated. The incidence and severity of arthritis, immunological abnormalities, and transcription levels of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in ankle joint tissues were compared among the three groups. The therapeutic effect of MR16-1 was examined by treating 7-month-old KO1 mice in the early stages of arthritis for 2 months. RESULTS Compared with the findings in the KO1 mice left untreated or treated with normal rat IgG, the development of arthritis was markedly suppressed in mice with MR16-1 treatment started from preclinical stages. The suppression was associated with the decrease in production of autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP). Histologically, marked synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage and bone destruction associated with the increase in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast generation were evident in the two control groups; however, these findings were virtually absent in MR16-1-treated mice. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the up-regulated expression levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNFα, and the aberrantly high RANKL/OPG expression ratio in synovial joint tissues from the two control groups of mice with overt arthritis were significantly suppressed in MR16-1-treated mice. In mice with therapeutic MR16-1 treatment, there was no progression in arthritis score and the RANKL/OPG ratio in joint tissues was significantly suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Administration of an anti-IL-6R mAb ameliorated spontaneously occurring RA-like disease features, indicating that IL-6, as well as TNFα, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA in KO1 mice. Current studies showed that, in addition to the role in enhancing autoantibody production, IL-6 promotes synovial tissue inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, leading to the severe synovitis with pannus formation and the progressive cartilage and bone destruction in multiple joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareki Ohtsuji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin Human Science and Technology Center, Toin University of Yokohama , Yokohama , Japan
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The effect of tumor necrosis factor-blockade on new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 26:389-94. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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The interleukin-23/interleukin-17 immune axis as a promising new target in the treatment of spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 26:361-70. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hokugo A, Sorice S, Parhami F, Yalom A, Li A, Zuk P, Jarrahy R. A novel oxysterol promotes bone regeneration in rabbit cranial bone defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:591-9. [PMID: 23997014 DOI: 10.1002/term.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have played a central role in the development of regenerative therapies for bone reconstruction. However, the high cost and side-effect profile of BMPs limits their broad application. Oxysterols, naturally occurring products of cholesterol oxidation, are promising osteogenic agents alternative to BMPs. The osteogenic capacity of these non-toxic and relatively inexpensive molecules has been documented in rodent models. We studied the impact of Oxy49, a novel oxysterol analogue, on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Moreover, we evaluated the capacity for in vivo bone regeneration with Oxy49 in rabbit cranial bone defects. We found that rabbit BMSCs treated with Oxy49 demonstrated differentiation along osteogenic pathways, and that complete bone regeneration occurred when cranial defects were treated with Oxy49. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Oxy49 has the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation in rabbit BMSCs with an efficacy comparable to that of BMP-2 and to promote significant bone regeneration in cranial defects. Oxysterols may be a viable novel agent in bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akishige Hokugo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sorice
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farhad Parhami
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anisa Yalom
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Zuk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Jarrahy
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sato-Hayashizaki A, Ohtsuji M, Lin Q, Hou R, Ohtsuji N, Nishikawa K, Tsurui H, Sudo K, Ono M, Izui S, Shirai T, Takai T, Nishimura H, Hirose S. Presumptive role of 129 strain-derived Sle16 locus in rheumatoid arthritis in a new mouse model with Fcγ receptor type IIb-deficient C57BL/6 genetic background. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:2930-8. [PMID: 21953083 DOI: 10.1002/art.30485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fcγ receptor type IIb (FcγRIIb) is a major negative regulator of B cells, and the lack of FcγRIIb expression has been reported to induce systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background. The 129 strain-derived Sle16 locus on the telomeric region of chromosome 1 including polymorphic Fcgr2b confers the predisposition to systemic autoimmunity when present on the B6 background. We undertook this study to examine the effect of the Sle16 locus on autoimmune disease in FcγRIIb-deficient B6 mice. METHODS We established 2 lines of FcγRIIb-deficient B6 congenic mouse strains (KO1 and KO2) by selective backcrossing of the originally constructed FcγRIIb-deficient mice on a hybrid (129×B6) background into a B6 background. Although both lack FcγRIIb expression, the KO1 and KO2 strains carry different lengths of the 129 strain-derived telomeric chromosome 1 segment flanked to the null-mutated Fcgr2b gene; the KO1 strain carries a 129 strain-derived ∼6.3-Mb interval distal from the null-mutated Fcgr2b gene within the Sle16 locus, while this interval in the KO2 strain is of B6 origin. RESULTS Unexpectedly, both strains failed to develop SLE; instead, the KO1 strain, but not the KO2 strain, spontaneously developed severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an incidence reaching >90% at age 12 months. CONCLUSION The current study shows evidence that the epistatic interaction between the Fcgr2b-null mutation and a polymorphic gene(s) in the 129 strain-derived interval located in the distal Sle16 locus contributes to RA susceptibility in a new mouse model with the B6 genetic background, although the participation of other genetic polymorphisms cannot be totally excluded.
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