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Abbasi H, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Electrical Conduction Behavior of High-Performance Microcellular Nanocomposites Made of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Filled Polysulfone. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2425. [PMID: 33291598 PMCID: PMC7761933 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelet (GnP)-filled polysulfone (PSU) cellular nanocomposites, prepared by two different methods-namely, water vapor-induced phase separation (WVIPS) and supercritical CO2 dissolution (scCO2) foaming-were produced with a range of densities from 0.4 to 0.6 g/cm3 and characterized in terms of their structure and electrical conduction behavior. The GnP content was varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The electrical conductivity values were increased with the amount of GnP for the three different studied foam series. The highest values were found for the microcellular nanocomposites prepared by the WVIPS method, reaching as high as 8.17 × 10-2 S/m for 10 wt% GnP. The variation trend of the electrical conductivity for each series was analyzed by applying both the percolation and the tunneling models. Comparatively, the tunneling model showed a better fitting in the prediction of the electrical conductivity. The preparation technique of the cellular nanocomposite affected the resultant cellular structure of the nanocomposite and, as a result, the porosity or gas volume fraction (Vg). A higher porosity resulted in a higher electrical conductivity, with the lightest foams being prepared by the WVIPS method, showing electrical conductivities two orders of magnitude higher than the equivalent foams prepared by the scCO2 dissolution technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), ESEIAAT, C/Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain; (H.A.); (M.A.)
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Bodik M, Maxian O, Hagara J, Nadazdy P, Jergel M, Majkova E, Siffalovic P. Langmuir-Scheaffer Technique as a Method for Controlled Alignment of 1D Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4540-4547. [PMID: 32298112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A widely applicable method for aligning 1D materials, and in particular carbon nanotubes (CNTs), independent of their preparation would be very useful as the growth methods for these materials are substance-specific. Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) deposition could be such an approach for alignment, as it aligns a large number of 1D materials independently of the desired substrate. However, the mechanism and required conditions for alignment of 1D nanomaterials in a Langmuir trough are still unclear. Here we show, relying on numerical simulations of the Langmuir film compression, that the LS method is a powerful tool to achieve maximal alignment of 1D material in a controllable manner. In particular, 1D materials terminated with a suitable surfactant can align only if the velocity induced by the attraction between individual 1D entities is low enough relative to the flow speed. To validate this model, we achieved an efficient LS alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes covered with a suitable surfactant relying on the numerical simulations. In situ polarized Raman microspectroscopy during the compression of Langmuir film revealed good quantitative agreement between the numerical simulations and the experiment. This suggests the applicability of the LS technique as a versatile method for the controlled alignment of 1D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bodik
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Maxian
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jakub Hagara
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nadazdy
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Jergel
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Majkova
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Solouki Bonab V, Maxian O, Manas-Zloczower I. Carbon nanofiller networks- a comparative study of networks formed by branched versus linear carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic polyurethane. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ageyeva T, Sibikin I, Karger-Kocsis J. Polymers and Related Composites via Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactams: Recent Developments and Future Trends. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E357. [PMID: 30966392 PMCID: PMC6414955 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of polymers and related (nano)composites produced via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP) of lactams. It was aimed at surveying and showing the important research and development results achieved in this field mostly over the last two decades. This review covers the chemical background of the AROP of lactams, their homopolymers, copolymers, and in situ produced blends. The composites produced by AROP were grouped into nanocomposites, discontinuous fiber, continuous fiber, textile fabric, and self-reinforced composites. The manufacturing techniques were introduced and the most recent developments highlighted. Based on this state-of-art survey some future trends were deduced and as their "driving forces" novel and improved manufacturing techniques identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ageyeva
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ilya Sibikin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Abbasi H, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Effects of Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Nanoplatelets Hybrid Systems on the Structure and Properties of Polyetherimide-Based Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040348. [PMID: 30966383 PMCID: PMC6415082 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foams based on polyetherimide (PEI) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and PEI with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) combined with CNT were prepared by water vapor induced phase separation. Prior to foaming, variable amounts of only CNT (0.1–2.0 wt %) or a combination of GnP (0.0–2.0 wt %) and CNT (0.0–2.0 wt %) for a total amount of CNT-GnP of 2.0 wt %, were dispersed in a solvent using high power sonication, added to the PEI solution, and intensively mixed. While the addition of increasingly higher amounts of only CNT led to foams with more heterogeneous cellular structures, the incorporation of GnP resulted in foams with finer and more homogeneous cellular structures. GnP in combination with CNT effectively enhanced the thermal stability of foams by delaying thermal decomposition and mechanically-reinforced PEI. The addition of 1.0 wt % GnP in combination with 1.0 wt % CNT resulted in foams with extremely high electrical conductivity, which was related to the formation of an optimum conductive network by physical contact between GnP layers and CNT, enabling their use in electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The experimental electrical conductivity values of foams containing only CNT fitted well to a percolative conduction model, with a percolation threshold of 0.06 vol % (0.1 wt %) CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Abbasi
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Centre Català del Plàstic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·BarcelonaTech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Antunes
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Centre Català del Plàstic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·BarcelonaTech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Centre Català del Plàstic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC·BarcelonaTech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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