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Gabe KT, Costa CDS, Dos Santos FS, Souza TN, Jaime PC. Is the adherence to the food practices recommended by the dietary guidelines for the Brazilian population associated with diet quality? Appetite 2023; 190:107011. [PMID: 37634827 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Brazilian Food Guide (BFG)'s messages are mostly qualitative and focused on food practices, such as meal planning, cooking, and eating modes. This study sough to investigate whether the adherence to these food practices is aligned with diet quality. METHODS A quota-based subsample of the NutriNet-Brasil Cohort (n = 2052) completed the Food Practices Brazil Scale (FPBr), a 24-item scale assessing the adherence to healthy eating practices recommended by the BFG. Four possible frequency-based answers are given and a score ranging from 0 to 72 is calculated by summing them (FPBr-score). Data from web-based 24-h recalls were used for calculating the usual percentage of energy intake (%energy) of ten food groups based on the level of food processing: plant-based unprocessed or minimally processed foods; processed foods; ultra-processed foods; fruits; vegetables; whole grains; beans and other legumes; nuts; red meat; and table sugar. The association between quartiles of the FPBr-score and food groups' %energy was analysed through crude and adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS Except for red meat, all the other food groups were linearly associated with the FPBr-score in the expected direction. For example, adjusted means for the %energy of plant-based unprocessed or minimally processed foods were 26.7% (CI95% 25.9-27.5) and 36.8% (CI95% 36.0-37.6) among those classified in the first and fourth quartiles of the FPBr-score, respectively. For ultra-processed foods, these percentages were 27.0 (CI95% 26.3-27.8) against 17.5 (CI95% 16.7-18.3). CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of messages based on practices and behaviors in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. At the same time, they call attention to the importance of policies that enable people to adopt healthier food practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tiemann Gabe
- Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Francine Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Thays Nascimento Souza
- Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Patricia Constante Jaime
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil; Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
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Miller LMS, Falbe J, Chodur GM, Chesnut SK. Home-prepared meals among college students at-risk for food insecurity: A mixed-methods study. Appetite 2023; 188:106632. [PMID: 37307953 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to prepare meals at home is an important life skill with potential to improve dietary quality and reduce costs and thus may be particularly important for college students with food insecurity. However, heavy time demands, limited financial resources, and therefore other barriers such as lack of motivation to follow a healthy diet may constrain meal preparation skills. To gain greater insight into this issue, we conducted a mixed-methods study. The quantitative component assessed relationships among food security, motivation, and meal preparation skills. The qualitative component used focus groups to more closely consider college students' perceptions, values, and barriers surrounding preparing meals at home, including current practices, desired future practices, and the ways in which the campus could support their efforts. The survey (n = 226) assessed food security, meal preparation skills, and motivation (i.e., perceived ability and willingness) to consume a healthy diet. Ten focus groups (n = 60) discussed food choice, meal preparation practices, and ways in which the campus could help students develop meal preparation skills. Students with food insecurity had lower meal preparation skills and lower perceived ability to consume a healthy diet. However, a) willingness to consume a healthy diet and b) the impact of both willingness and perceived ability did not differ by food security status. Focus group data indicated that in-person and online cooking classes, information cards in the food pantry, and incentives (e.g., kitchen equipment and vouchers from local grocery stores) were popular ideas for improving home-meal preparation. A greater understanding of meal preparation skills and their interconnectedness to food choice and the campus environment may inform effective ways to support the ability and willingness of college students with food insecurity to prepare meals at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Soederberg Miller
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Gwen M Chodur
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sally K Chesnut
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, Helsinki, FI, 00014, USA.
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Mager DR, Cyrkot S, Lirette C, Brill H, Dowhaniuk J, Mileski H, Basualdo-Hammond C, Nasser R, Assor E, Marcon M, Turner JM. Evaluation of a paediatric gluten-free food guide by children and youth with coeliac disease, their parents and health care professionals. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1784-95. [PMID: 34294170 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521002774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no universal evidence-based nutrition guidelines that address the gluten-free (GF) diet for children/youth (4-18 years). A GF food guide was created to help children/youth with coeliac disease (CD) and their families navigate the complexities of following a GF diet. Guide formation was based on pre-guide stakeholder consultations and an evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary patterns. The study objective was to conduct an evaluation on guide content, layout, feasibility and dissemination strategies from end-stakeholder users (children/youth with CD, parents/caregivers and health care professionals). This is a cross-sectional study using a multi-method approach of virtual focus groups and an online survey to conduct stakeholder evaluations. Stakeholders included children/youth (4-18 years), their parents/caregivers in the coeliac community (n 273) and health care professionals (n 80) with both paediatric and CD experience from across Canada. Thematic analysis was performed on focus group responses and open-ended survey questions until thematic saturation was achieved. χ2 and Fisher's exact statistical analyses were performed on demographic and close-ended survey questions. Stakeholders positively perceived the guide for content, layout, feasibility, ethnicity and usability. Stakeholders found the material visually appealing and engaging with belief that it could effectively be used in multi-ethnic community and clinical-based settings. Guide revisions were made in response to stakeholder consultations to improve food selection (e.g. child-friendly foods), language (e.g. clarity) and layout (e.g. organisation). The evaluation by end-stakeholders provided practical and patient-focused feedback on the guide to enable successful uptake in community and clinical-based settings.
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Cyrkot S, Gidrewicz D, Anders S, Marcon M, Turner JM, Mager DR. Food Environment and Youth Intake May Influence Uptake of Gluten-Free Food Guide Recommendations in Celiac Disease. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:186-192. [PMID: 35503896 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A gluten-free (GF) food guide for children and youth (4-18 years) living with celiac disease (CD) has been developed and extensively evaluated by stakeholders, including registered dietitians. A case study analysis was conducted on data from 16 households of youth with CD to examine how factors related to parental food literacy, the home food environment, and food purchasing patterns may influence food guide uptake by Canadian youth with CD and their families. Households were of higher socioeconomic status, parents had good food literacy, and the home food availability of fruits, vegetables and GF grains was diverse. However, households also had a diverse supply of convenience foods and snack options. Youth reported consuming a larger proportion of these foods (>35% dietary intake) and had suboptimal diet quality. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables were below GF plate model recommendations by over 30%. Despite limited economical barriers, good parental food literacy, and diverse food availability, meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations based on the pediatric GF food guide remains a major challenge. Findings inform that effective strategies and healthy public policies to support the uptake of GF food guide recommendations are needed to improve the health outcomes of youth with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cyrkot
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Dominica Gidrewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.,Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, South Health Campus, Calgary, AB
| | - Sven Anders
- Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Margaret Marcon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Justine M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB
| | - Diana R Mager
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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Abstract
Adolescents’ intake of vegetables and fruits is generally low, and many
demonstrate unhealthy eating behaviors. Food literacy may be key to improving
adolescents’ nutrition. However, the relationship between food literacy, fruit
and vegetable intake, and other healthy eating behaviors remains unclear, as
well as how these relationships may differ among boys and girls. This study
assessed the relationship between food literacy (including food skills and
cooking skills), vegetable and fruit consumption, and other eating behaviors of
adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1,054 students, including 467
boys and 570 girls from five francophone high schools in New Brunswick, Canada.
Quantitative data on students’ food and cooking skills, vegetable and fruit
consumption, and other eating behaviors were collected with a self-reported
questionnaire. Multilevel regressions were used to assess the relationship
between food literacy, students’ consumption of vegetables and fruits, and other
eating behaviors. Better cooking skills were associated with healthier eating
behaviors and greater vegetable and fruit consumption for boys and girls. Better
food skills were also associated with healthier eating behaviors and greater
vegetable and fruit consumption among both genders. These findings highlight the
importance of improving food literacy among adolescents. Public health
interventions should focus on increasing cooking and food skills to improve
adolescents’ nutrition.
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Abstract
Purpose: This descriptive qualitative study explored young males' perceptions of food skills in 3 domains: food selection and planning, food preparation, and food safety and storage.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.Results: Forty-four young men (aged 17-35) reported varying levels of food skills, from little/no confidence to very confident and skilled. Most participants learned food skills from their mothers. Greater involvement in food selection and planning at a young age appeared to be related to parental influence and encouragement, exposure to food skills at school, and interest in food-related activities, which, in turn, provided a solid foundation for being confident cooks as young adults. Most notable was the lack of knowledge about, or confidence in, food safety and storage. Young men with low self-perceived food skills were deeply embarrassed about this deficiency in front of peers who had higher levels of confidence and skills.Conclusions: Future interventions or curricula should emphasize food safety and storage. This research also illustrates the importance of the home environment in teaching food skills to youth and ensuring that food skills are taught well before young adults begin living independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Simonds
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
| | - Lucy Yixuan Zhang
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
| | - June I Matthews
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
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Carroll N, Sadowski A, Parizeau K, von Massow M, Wallace A, Jewell K, Ma DWL, Buchholz AC, Duncan AM, Chan B, Haines J. Food Skills: Associations With Diet Quality and Food Waste Among Canadian Parents. J Nutr Educ Behav 2021; 53:371-379. [PMID: 33526389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between self-reported food skills and diet quality along with measured food waste among a sample of Canadian parents. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from surveys to assess food skills, 3-day food records to assess the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and food waste measured by household waste audits. SETTING Guelph-Wellington, Ontario. PARTICIPANTS Parents (n = 130) with children aged 2-8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HEI-2015 scores, daily per capita avoidable and unavoidable food waste (grams). ANALYSIS Linear regression using generalized estimating equations to determine unstandardized β estimates of associations between food skills and dependent variables. Models were adjusted for multiple testing, gender, and level of education. RESULTS Food safety knowledge for cooking hot foods (β = 4.3, P = 0.05), planning (β = 4.5, P = 0.001), and conceptualizing food (β = 4.0, P = 0.03) were positively associated with HEI-2015 scores. Knowledge related to best before dates (β = 25.3, P = 0.05; β = 12.1, P = 0.04), conceptualizing food (β = 34.1, P = 0.01; β = 13.8, P = 0.02), and mechanical techniques (β = 39.2, P = 0.01; β = 20.5, P = 0.004) were associated with more avoidable and unavoidable food waste, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Addressing higher-level food skills with a focus on efficient food preparation practices that make use of all edible portions of foods could play an important role in minimizing food waste and improving diet quality. Additional research in other countries and in a larger, more socioeconomically diverse sample is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carroll
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Sadowski
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Parizeau
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael von Massow
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Wallace
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kira Jewell
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea C Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianne Chan
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Mahmoud S, Seabrook JA, Dworatzek PDN, Matthews JI. Using the Food Skills Questionnaire (FSQ) to Evaluate a Cooking Intervention for University Students: A Pilot Study. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2021; 82:41-44. [PMID: 32902323 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2020-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To pilot test the Food Skills Questionnaire (FSQ) to evaluate a cooking intervention.Methods: Students attending Western University were invited to participate in 3 cooking classes over a 3-month period. All participants were asked to complete the FSQ pre- and post-intervention. The FSQ evaluated food skills in 3 domains-Food Selection and Planning, Food Preparation, and Food Safety and Storage-with a maximum score of 100 per domain. Domain scores were then computed as a weighted average for the Total Food Skills Score out of 100. Open-ended questions assessed participants' perceptions of the classes.Results: Forty-four students participated. There was a significant increase in food planning (70.6 ± 13.5-77.6 ± 14.3, P < 0.01), food preparation (67.5 ± 14.0-74.9 ± 12.9, P < 0.01), food safety (78.0 ± 9.9-80.8 ± 13.0, P = 0.04), and total food skills (71.9 ± 8.9-77.8 ± 10.6, P < 0.01) post-intervention. Content analysis of open-ended questions indicated that participants enjoyed healthy recipes, supportive Peer Educators, discussions, the cooking experience, socializing, and the safe environment.Conclusions: The FSQ shows strong potential for evaluating basic (e.g., peeling, chopping, slicing) to intermediate (e.g., meal planning) food skills in an effective and feasible manner. It can also capture changes in specific domains, allowing the development of more focused nutrition education and skills-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mahmoud
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON.,Department of Paediatrics, and Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON
| | - Paula D N Dworatzek
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON.,Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON
| | - June I Matthews
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Western University, London, ON
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