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Whalan S, Pannu PK, Pretorius RA, Scherini AJJ, Gregory S, Prescott SL, Silva D. ORIGINS: Nutritional Profile of Children Aged One Year in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort. Nutrients 2025; 17:1566. [PMID: 40362875 PMCID: PMC12073640 DOI: 10.3390/nu17091566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake during the first year of life is a key determinant of a child's growth and development. ORIGINS is a longitudinal birth cohort study investigating factors that contribute to a 'healthy start to life' and the prevention of non-communicable diseases. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to describe the dietary intakes of one-year-old children participating in ORIGINS and compare these to the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Between 2020 and 2023, dietary intake data were collected on 779 one-year-old children using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The analysis explored milk intake (breastmilk, infant formula, and cow's milk), the introduction to solids, macronutrient, micronutrient, and food group intakes. RESULTS The results indicated that 41.5% were still being breastfed at one year of age, while 58.0% continued to receive formula milk. While the cohort met NRV cut-offs for most micronutrients, iodine intake fell below requirements, and sodium intake exceeded recommendations. Diet quality, based on the food group intake, did not meet recommendations, with children over-consuming fruit and discretionary foods, while under-consuming vegetables and cereals and grains foods. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight areas for improvement in the dietary intake of one-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whalan
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Poonam K. Pannu
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Rachelle A. Pretorius
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - Alexander J. J. Scherini
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Sonia Gregory
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- The Kids Research Institute Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; (P.K.P.); (R.A.P.); (A.J.J.S.); (S.G.); (S.L.P.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Science, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup 6027, Australia
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Gonzalez-Palacios S, Ojeda-Belokon C, Oncina-Canovas A, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Pastor-Fajardo MT, Pérez A, Gázquez A, Larqué E, Morales E, Vioque J, on behalf of the NELA Study Group. Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Toddlers of NELA Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:4403. [PMID: 39771024 PMCID: PMC11677162 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of usual nutrient and food intakes in children of 18 months old. METHODS We included 103 toddlers aged 18 months from the Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study. A 47-item FFQ was administered twice to parents with a 3-month interval. During that period, we also performed three non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls (24hDRs) and oral mucosa samples for determining the fatty acid profile (glycerophospholipids). We estimated correlation coefficients of reproducibility for nutrient and food group intakes by comparing both FFQs and validity coefficients by comparing nutrient intakes between the second FFQ and the average of the three 24hDRs. We also explored biochemical validity by comparing the intake of fish from the FFQ with the percentage of fatty acids in oral mucosa cells. RESULTS The average of correlation coefficients for FFQ reproducibility was r = 0.48 for energy-adjusted nutrient intakes (ranging from r = 0.28 for Na to r = 0.62 for Mg and Zn) and r = 0.35 for the intake of energy-adjusted food groups. The average correlation coefficient for FFQ validity on nutrient intakes was r = 0.48, ranging from r = 0.16 for α-carotene to r = 0.75 for vitamin E. We also found a positive correlation between total omega-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid percentages in oral mucosa cells and the intake of total and white fish, r = 0.31 and r = 0.34, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that our short FFQ demonstrated moderate reproducibility (mean r = 0.48) and validity (mean r = 0.48) for dietary assessment of most nutrients and foods in 18-month-old children in Spain. This FFQ provides an efficient and minimally invasive method for evaluating toddler dietary intake, particularly in Mediterranean contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición (EPINUT), Departamento de SaludPública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.-P.); (C.O.-B.); (A.O.-C.); (L.-M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carolina Ojeda-Belokon
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición (EPINUT), Departamento de SaludPública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.-P.); (C.O.-B.); (A.O.-C.); (L.-M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Oncina-Canovas
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición (EPINUT), Departamento de SaludPública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.-P.); (C.O.-B.); (A.O.-C.); (L.-M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición (EPINUT), Departamento de SaludPública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.-P.); (C.O.-B.); (A.O.-C.); (L.-M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Teresa Pastor-Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Adrian Pérez
- Departament of Fisiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Gázquez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (E.L.)
- Departament of Fisiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (E.L.)
- Departament of Fisiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eva Morales
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (E.L.)
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición (EPINUT), Departamento de SaludPública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain; (S.G.-P.); (C.O.-B.); (A.O.-C.); (L.-M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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The Relationship Between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of South Asian Infants at 1 Year. J Nutr 2023; 153:470-482. [PMID: 36894240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is known to affect the gut microbiota and the serum metabolome in adults, but this has not been fully explored in infants. Infancy is an important developmental period that may influence a person's long-term health. Infant development can be affected by diet, which also interacts with the developing gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations between diet, the gut microbiota, and the serum metabolome of 1-y-old infants with the overarching goal of identifying serum biomarkers of diet and/or the gut microbiota. METHODS We derived dietary patterns of 1-y-old infants (n = 182) participating in the Canadian South Asian Birth Cohort (START) study. We compared gut microbiota α-diversity and β-diversity and taxa relative abundance from 16S rRNA gene profiles with dietary patterns (PERMANOVA, Envfit) and investigated diet-serum metabolite associations using a multivariate analysis (partial least squares-discriminant analysis) and univariate analysis (t test). We explored the effect of nondietary factors on diet-serum metabolite relationships by incorporating diet, the gut microbiota, and maternal, perinatal, and infant characteristics in a multivariable forward stepwise regression. We replicated this analysis in White European infants, from the CHILD Cohort Study (n = 81). RESULTS A dietary pattern characterized by formula consumption and negatively associated with breastfeeding most strongly predicted variation in the gut microbiota (R2 = 0.109) and serum metabolome (R2 = 0.547). Breastfed participants showed higher abundance of microbes from the genera Bifidobacterium (3.29 log2-fold) and Lactobacillus (7.93 log2-fold) and higher median concentrations of the metabolites S-methylcysteine (1.38 μM) and tryptophan betaine (0.43 μM) than nonbreastfed participants. Formula consuming infants showed higher median concentrations of branched-chain/aromatic amino acids (average 48.3 μM) than non-formula-consuming infants. CONCLUSIONS Formula consumption and breastfeeding most strongly predicted the serum metabolites of 1-y-old infants, even when the gut microbiota, solid food consumption, and other covariates were considered.
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