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Egbujor MC, Olaniyan OT, Emeruwa CN, Saha S, Saso L, Tucci P. An insight into role of amino acids as antioxidants via NRF2 activation. Amino Acids 2024; 56:23. [PMID: 38506925 PMCID: PMC10954862 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can affect the protein, lipids, and DNA of the cells and thus, play a crucial role in several pathophysiological conditions. It has already been established that oxidative stress has a close association with inflammation via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Amino acids are notably the building block of proteins and constitute the major class of nitrogen-containing natural products of medicinal importance. They exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including the ability to activate NRF2, a transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant responses. Moreover, amino acids may act as synergistic antioxidants as part of our dietary supplementations. This has aroused research interest in the NRF2-inducing activity of amino acids. Interestingly, amino acids' activation of NRF2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway exerts therapeutic effects in several diseases. Therefore, the present review will discuss the relationship between different amino acids and activation of NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway pinning their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We also discussed amino acids formulations and their applications as therapeutics. This will broaden the prospect of the therapeutic applications of amino acids in a myriad of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases. This will provide an insight for designing and developing new chemical entities as NRF2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford C Egbujor
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Bayelsa, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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Mentese A, Demir S, Mungan SA, Alemdar NT, Demir EA, Aliyazicioglu Y. Gentisic acid ameliorates cisplatin-induced reprotoxicity through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulating Nrf2 pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102256. [PMID: 37918215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity is a serious side effect of cisplatin (CP) chemotherapy. Gentisic acid (GTA) is a phenolic acid with strong antioxidant properties. Here, we aimed to determine therapeutic effect of GTA against CP-induced testicular toxicity in rats for the first time. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of CP (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) and treated with GTA (1.5 and 3 mg/kg; intraperitoneal; 3 consecutive days). The levels of oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis biomarkers were assessed in the testicular tissue of rats. In addition, how CP affects the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and the effect of GTA on this situation were also addressed in the testicular tissue. CP administration induced histopathological changes in testicular tissue of rats with a significant increase in OS, inflammation, ERS and apoptosis biomarkers and a decrease in antioxidant capacity and Nrf2 expression levels. Administrations of GTA resulted in an amelioration of these altered parameters. These data suggest that GTA may be a potential therapeutic agent against CP-induced testicular toxicity. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway plays a key role of this therapeutic effect of GTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Sevdegul Aydin Mungan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nihal Turkmen Alemdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Elif Ayazoglu Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Mirzaei S, Mohammadi AT, Gholami MH, Hashemi F, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Makvandi P, Samec M, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H, Najafi M. Nrf2 signaling pathway in cisplatin chemotherapy: Potential involvement in organ protection and chemoresistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105575. [PMID: 33771701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor and its induction is of significant importance for protecting against oxidative damage. Increased levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) stimulate Nrf2 signaling, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes are associated with retarding oxidative stress. On the other hand, Nrf2 activation in cancer cells is responsible for the development of chemoresistance due to disrupting oxidative mediated-cell death by reducing ROS levels. Cisplatin (CP), cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), is a potent anti-tumor agent extensively used in cancer therapy, but its frequent application leads to the development of chemoresistance as well. In the present study, association of Nrf2 signaling with chemoresistance to CP and protection against its deleterious effects is discussed. Anti-tumor compounds, mainly phytochemicals, retard chemoresistance by suppressing Nrf2 signaling. Upstream mediators such as microRNAs can regulate Nrf2 expression during CP chemotherapy regimens. Protection against side effects of CP is mediated via activating Nrf2 signaling and its downstream targets activating antioxidant defense system. Protective agents that activate Nrf2 signaling, can ameliorate CP-mediated ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Reducing ROS levels and preventing cell death are the most important factors involved in alleviating CP toxicity upon Nrf2 activation. As pre-clinical experiments advocate the role of Nrf2 in chemoprotection and CP resistance, translating these findings to the clinic can provide a significant progress in treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Tabatabaei Mohammadi
- Asu Vanda Gene Research Company, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanashah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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