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Babi A, Issa T, Gusmanov A, Akilzhanova A, Issanov A, Makhmetova N, Marat A, Iztleuov Y, Aimagambetova G. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. Ann Med 2024; 56:2304649. [PMID: 38237138 PMCID: PMC10798292 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from May 2019 to June 2020. Cervical samples were collected from women in the different regions of Kazakhstan. RESULTS A total of 316 patients' samples were analysed for HR-HPV using real-time multiplex PCR. Cervical cytology abnormalities were reported according to the Bethesda classification. HPV detection by cytology showed a statistically significant association with HPV status and the number of HPV infection types (p < .05). Among women with abnormal cervical cytology, 62.4% were positive for HPV infection of those 79.4% had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 20.6% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Among patients with LSIL, 77.4% had HPV16 and 58.8% were infected with HPV18. Among patients with HSIL, 41.2% had HPV18 and 22.6% - HPV16. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of HR-HPV types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. The most identified types were HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 52. There is an emergency need to implement an HPV vaccination program to prevent cervical lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Babi
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Torgyn Issa
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, National Laboratory of Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alpamys Issanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Aizada Marat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbolat Iztleuov
- Medical Center, Marat Ospanov West-Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
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Zhetpisbayeva I, Rommel A, Kassymbekova F, Semenova Y, Sarmuldayeva S, Giniyat A, Tanatarova G, Dyussupova A, Faizova R, Rakhmetova V, Glushkova N. Cervical cancer trend in the Republic of Kazakhstan and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening in urban and rural areas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13731. [PMID: 38877051 PMCID: PMC11178783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a significant global health issue, which in part can be attributed to disparities in access to CC screening services. This study aims to conduct a trend of CC in Kazakhstan and to compare attitudes towards the screening program between women living in urban and rural areas. In the first stage, we conducted a trend study of CC indicators in Kazakhstan using official statistics. In the second stage, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess adherence to screening. The trend study reveals a decline in cervical cancer mortality rates (from 7.15 to 5.93 per 100,000 female inhabitants) over the period studied, while the incidence remains stable (from 18.51 to 19.38 per 100,000 female inhabitants). Regional variations in Period Prevalence rates were observed. Significant differences were found in screening participation rates between urban n = 41 (74%) and rural n = 23 (38%) women, p < 0.001, as well as awareness of the screening program (urban: n = 15 (27%), rural: n = 35 (58%), p < 0.001). The trend study highlights a decrease in cervical cancer mortality rates over the specified period, accompanied by a consistent incidence rate. Additionally, regional disparities in period prevalence rates of cervical cancer were observed. The primary factor contributing to the low adherence of rural women to screening was found to be a lack of awareness regarding the screening program. Therefore, increasing awareness about the importance of screening is crucial for improving adherence rates among rural women in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Zhetpisbayeva
- Department of General Medical Practice-2, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, St.Tole Bi 94, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", St.Utepova 19a, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Alexander Rommel
- Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatima Kassymbekova
- Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", St.Utepova 19a, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Sarmuldayeva
- Department of the International Medical Faculty, University of International Business, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Azhar Giniyat
- NJSC "National Center for Children's Rehabilitation", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Azhar Dyussupova
- Department of General Medical Practice, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Raida Faizova
- Department of General Medical Practice, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Venera Rakhmetova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Glushkova
- Department of Epidemiology, Evidence Medicine and Biostatistics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Yifan M, Rui X, Yuan L, Feiyun J. Allicin inhibits the biological activities of cervical cancer cells by suppressing circEIF4G2. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2523-2536. [PMID: 38628206 PMCID: PMC11016449 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allicin is a safe herbal extract believed to have antitumor effects, which, however, remain unclear. The aim of the present work was to discuss Allicin antitumor effects on cervical cancer using cell experiments. Using Hela and Siha to our research objectives in our study, first step, difference concentration of Allicin (20, 40, and 80 μM) treated Hela and Siha cell lines, and next step, discuss circEIF4G2 effects in Allicin antitumor effects in Hela and Siha cell lines; the cell proliferation and EdU-positive cell number by CCK-8 and EdU staining; cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry; invasion cell number by transwell assay; wound healing rate by wound healing assay; and relative mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and WB assay. With Allicin supplement, the cell proliferation and EdU-positive cell number were significantly depressed with cell apoptosis rate significantly increasing; invasion cell number and wound healing rate significantly suppressed with circEIF4G2 mRNA expression significantly down-regulation (p < .05, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among Allicin, si-circEIF4G2, and Allicin+si-circEIF4G2 in cell biological activities including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, and relative gene and protein expression. Allicin depresses biological activities of cervical cancer cells through down-regulating circEIF4G2/HOXA1/AKT/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yifan
- Gynecology of the Second People's Hospital of Wuhu CityWuhuChina
| | - Xu Rui
- Gynecology of the Second People's Hospital of Wuhu CityWuhuChina
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Jiang Feiyun
- Gynecology of the Second People's Hospital of Wuhu CityWuhuChina
- Department of GynecologyWuhu City Second People's HospitalWuhuChina
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Satanova A, Bolatbekova R, Kukubassov Y, Ossikbayeva S, Kaidarova D. Vaccination Effectiveness against Human Papillomavirus in Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:681-688. [PMID: 38415556 PMCID: PMC11077137 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of human papillomavirus immunization and its impact on cervical cancer development in Kazakhstan. METHODS The current research is a case-control study with two groups: a main group and a control group. A total of 725 subjects participated in the research. RESULTS The association between vaccination and cervical cancer development was calculated both for the two groups as a whole and for individual patients, who were selected based on criteria of residence, presence of immunodeficiency or chronic cardiac or renal pathology, as well as analysis of age at which the vaccine dose was received. There was a statistically significant association between the absence of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of cervical cancer in all groups. When considering the entire cohort, the chance of finding a risk factor (lack of vaccination) was almost 7 times higher in the main group than in the control group. Thus, an association between vaccination and cervical cancer risk was found in each of the pairs of subjects. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of vaccination in preventing cervical cancer was not observed in patients who were vaccinated after 18 years of age, while most patients in the control group were vaccinated in their teens. The practical significance of the research is not only to further study the problem of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Kazakhstan but also to popularize HPV immunization to prevent cervical cancer (CC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alima Satanova
- Oncogynecological Center, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Raikhan Bolatbekova
- Oncogynecological Department, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Yerlan Kukubassov
- Oncogynecological Center, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Saniya Ossikbayeva
- Centre for Molecular Genetic Research, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Dilyara Kaidarova
- Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Prevalence of Precancerous Cervical Lesions among Nonvaccinated Kazakhstani Women: The National Tertiary Care Hospital Screening Data (2018). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020235. [PMID: 36673606 PMCID: PMC9859595 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At the present time, cervical cancer remains the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Most cervical cancer cases are attributed to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Because the natural history of cervical cancer takes decades, the disease could be prevented if premalignant conditions are identified and appropriately managed. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of precancerous lesions among non-vaccinated women attending the national tertiary care hospital in Kazakhstan. METHODS This was a retrospective study of the cervical cancer screening database (2018) from the national tertiary care hospital in Kazakhstan. Records of 6682 patients, who had cervical cytology tests by Papanicolaou (Pap test), were analyzed. Out of the revised cases, 249 patients had abnormal cervical cytology reports. The Pap test was performed using liquid-based cytology (LBC). The data were analyzed using the statistical software STATA 16. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In this retrospective analysis of 6682 patients' records, we found 3.73% (249 patients) out of all Pap tests performed in 2018 were abnormal. The prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was high at 19.28%, and the proportion of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and atypical squamous cells (ASCs-H) was 18.47%, while low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were identified in 62.25% of the cases. Almost 25% of the women included in the study had concurrent lower and upper genital tract infections. CONCLUSION Although the overall rate of abnormal Pap test results was not high, the study shows the elevated prevalence of HSIL. It calls the attention of local policymakers and gynecology specialists and requires immediate actions to improve the prophylactic measures to decrease morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer in Kazakhstan.
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Aimagambetova G, Babi A, Issa T, Issanov A. What Factors Are Associated with Attitudes towards HPV Vaccination among Kazakhstani Women? Exploratory Analysis of Cross-Sectional Survey Data. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050824. [PMID: 35632580 PMCID: PMC9146459 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The high prevalence of HPV infection among Kazakhstani women and the absence of an HPV vaccination program are directly reflected in increasing rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Kazakhstan made its first attempt at introducing the HPV vaccine in 2013, but was unsuccessful due to complications and low public acceptance. The attitudes of Kazakhstani women towards the vaccine were never measured. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the attitudes of women towards the HPV vaccine and determine factors associated with positive, negative, or neutral attitudes. Methods. A 29-item survey consisting of 21 demographic and contextual questions and 8 Likert-scale questions was distributed among women attending gynecological offices in four major cities of Kazakhstan from December 2021 until February 2022. Attitudes of women were measured based on their answers to the eight Likert-scale questions. Ordinal logistic regression was built to find associations between demographic characteristics and attitudes of women. Results. Two hundred thirty-three women were included in the final analysis. A total of 54% of women had positive attitudes towards the vaccine. The majority of women did not trust or had a neutral attitude towards the government, pharmaceutical industry, and traditional and alternative media. However, the trust of women was high in medical workers and scientific researchers. Women's age, education, number of children, effect of the 2013 HPV program, and trust in alternative medicine were included in the ordinal logistic model. Women with a low level of education, a high number of children, who believe in alternative medicine, and who were affected by the failed 2013 vaccination program were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the vaccine. Conclusions. Contrary attitudes towards HPV vaccination exist among Kazakhstani women, with approximately half having positive and almost half having negative or neutral attitudes towards the vaccine. An informational campaign that takes into consideration women's levels of trust in different agencies, as well as targets those who are the most uninformed, might help in a successful relaunch of the HPV vaccination program. However, more studies that cover a higher number of women are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aisha Babi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Torgyn Issa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Alpamys Issanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z8, Canada
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The Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Genotypes Other than HPV-16 and HPV-18 among Women Attending Gynecologists' Offices in Kazakhstan. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080794. [PMID: 34440026 PMCID: PMC8389608 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study focused on the prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection types, other than HPV-16 and -18, in women throughout Kazakhstan due to the high rates of cervical cancer in Kazakhstani women. Approximately one quarter of the of the participants were infected with HR-HPV types other than HPV-16 and -18; 72% of these women were infected with one HR-HPV type with HPV-31 being the most prevalent, and the remaining 28% of these infected women were infected with multiple HR-HPVs with HPV-68 being the most prevalent type in these women. Introducing HR-HPV testing for all 14 cancerogenic types into cervical cancer screening program could help to reduce the rates of cervical cancer in Kazakhstan. Abstract Cervical cancer represents a great burden to public health of women. This study aimed to obtain a nationwide genotyping survey and analysis of high risk-HPV including those that are caused by HPV types other than HPV-16 and HPV-18, among women in Kazakhstan. This study was conducted based on the collection of survey and cervical swabs of 1645 women across the country. The samples were genotyped for high-risk HPV types based on real-time PCR methods. Collected data was analyzed with the focus on high-risk HPV types other than HPV-16 and -18. Infection was present in 22% of women who participated in the study. The most prevalent types were HPV-31 among single infections and HPV-68 among multiple infections. Conclusively, despite the lack of attention high-risk HPV types beyond HPV-16 and -18 get in attempts of cervical cancer prevention in Kazakhstan, their prevalence is high and plays a large role in cervical cancer epidemiological situation.
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