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Zhakhina G, Mussina K, Yerdessov S, Gusmanov A, Sakko Y, Kim V, Syssoyev D, Madikenova M, Assan A, Kuanshaliyeva Z, Turebekov D, Yergaliyev K, Bekishev B, Gaipov A. Analysis of chronic kidney disease epidemiology in Kazakhstan using nationwide data for 2014-2020 and forecasting future trends of prevalence and mortality for 2030. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2326312. [PMID: 38482586 PMCID: PMC10946271 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2326312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, chronic kidney disease (CKD) was prevalent in 697.5 million individuals worldwide in 2017. By 2040, it is anticipated that CKD will rank as the fifth most common cause of death. This study aims to examine the epidemiology of CKD in Kazakhstan and to project future trends in CKD prevalence and mortality by 2030. The retrospective analysis was performed on a database acquired from the Unified National Electronic Health System for 703,122 patients with CKD between 2014 and 2020. During the observation period, 444,404 women and 258,718 men were registered with CKD, 459,900 (66%) were Kazakhs and 47% were older than 50. The incidence rate notably decreased: 6365 people per million population (PMP) in 2014 and 4040 people PMP in 2020. The prevalence changed from 10,346 to 38,287 people PMP, and the mortality rate increased dramatically from 279 PMP to 916 PMP. Kazakhstan's central regions, Turkestan and Kyzylorda were identified as the most burdensome ones. The ARIMA model projected 1,504,694 expected prevalent cases in 2030. The predicted mortality climbed from 17,068 cases in 2020 to 37,305 deaths in 2030. By 2030, the prevalence and mortality of CKD will significantly increase, according to the predicted model. A thorough action plan with effective risk factor management, enhanced screening among risk populations, and prompt treatment are required to lessen the burden of disease in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Zhakhina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamilla Mussina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sauran Yerdessov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yesbolat Sakko
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Valdemir Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Syssoyev
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert Madikenova
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Assan
- Department of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanat Kuanshaliyeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Duman Turebekov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Yergaliyev
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Graduate School of Public Policy, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolat Bekishev
- Department of Extracorporeal Hemocorrection, National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF “University Medical Center”, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Semenova Y, Beyembetova A, Shaisultanova S, Asanova A, Sailybayeva A, Altynova S, Pya Y. Evaluation of liver transplantation services in Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2023. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9304. [PMID: 38654041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of publications evaluating the performance of the national liver transplantation (LTx) program in Kazakhstan. Spanning from 2012 to 2023, it delves into historical trends in LTx surgeries, liver transplant centers, and the national cohort of patients awaiting LTx. Survival analysis for those awaiting LTx, using life tables and Kaplan-Meier, is complemented by time series analysis projecting developments until 2030. The overall per million population (pmp) LTx rate varied from 0.35 to 3.77, predominantly favoring living donor LTx. Liver transplant center rates ranged from 0.06 to 0.40. Of 474 LTx patients, 364 on the waiting list did not receive transplantation. The 30-day and 1-year survival rates on the waiting list were 87.0% and 68.0%, respectively. Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis prevalence steadily rose from 2015 to 2023, with projections indicating a persistent trend until 2030. Absent targeted interventions, stable pmp rates of LTx and liver transplant centers may exacerbate the backlog of unoperated patients. This study sheds light on critical aspects of the LTx landscape in Kazakhstan, emphasizing the urgency of strategic interventions to alleviate the burden on patients awaiting transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Altynay Beyembetova
- RSE on PCV "Republican Center for Coordination of Transplantation and High-Tech Medical Services", Ministry of Health, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Saule Shaisultanova
- RSE on PCV "Republican Center for Coordination of Transplantation and High-Tech Medical Services", Ministry of Health, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aruzhan Asanova
- Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya Sailybayeva
- Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Altynova
- Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuriy Pya
- Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Duisenova I, Mukazhanova A, Simtikov Z, Abishev M. Social anxiety of the citizens of Kazakhstan: The dynamics of change and its impact on public consciousness. J Community Psychol 2024; 52:525-536. [PMID: 38408268 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors associated with the formation of social anxiety and to explore trends in their impact on society in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors have used comparative, descriptive, and deductive methods to achieve the research goals. The results of the study determined that anxiety phenomena have become increasingly common over time and social anxiety is one of the most dangerous due to its degree of limitation. The vast majority of people experience some form of social anxiety, which occurs when distorted reality intervenes and certain moments signalize as dangerous. As a product of individual experience and sociopolitical construct, fear becomes the element organizing the state order. The social aspects are notably relevant to the process when the common sense of public consciousness puts security in the foreground as a matter of the greatest importance and urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Duisenova
- Department of Political Science and Social and Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Almira Mukazhanova
- Department of Political Science and Social and Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhomart Simtikov
- Department of Political Science and Social and Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Maidan Abishev
- Department of Political Science and Social and Philosophical Disciplines, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Dahl VN, Butova T, Rosenthal A, Grinev A, Gabrielian A, Vashakidze S, Shubladze N, Toxanbayeva B, Chingissova L, Crudu V, Chesov D, Kalmambetova G, Saparova G, Wejse CM, Butov D. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, 2017-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:831-833. [PMID: 38526186 PMCID: PMC10977852 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).
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Mussina K, Kuanova B, Syssoyev D, Gaipov A, Poddighe D, Shaikhyzada K, Aimyshev T, Galiyeva D. Epidemiology of pediatric hematological malignancies in Kazakhstan: Data from Unified National Electronic Healthcare System 2014-2021. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1683-1691. [PMID: 38214809 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to describe incidence and all-cause mortality of hematological pediatric malignancies (leukemia and lymphomas) in Kazakhstan based on nationwide large-scale healthcare data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) for the 2014-2021 year period. The cohort included data of patients less than 18 years old with the diagnosis of hematological malignancies registered in the UNEHS (inpatient and outpatient registries) for the year period 2014-2021. Descriptive statistics were conducted to indicate socio-demographic characteristics of the cohort. Incidence and all-cause mortality were calculated per 100,000 population. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between determinants with the all-cause mortality. The total cohort consisted of 3357 children with leukemia and 1474 children with lymphomas. The mean age at diagnosis of leukemia and lymphomas was 7.3 ± 4.7 and 9.9 ± 4.9 years, respectively. The incidence rate of hematological malignancies was 6.8 per 100,000 in 2021. Patients with ALL had a higher incidence rate than patients with AML (3.4 and 1.2 per 100,000 in 2021, respectively). The incidence rate of HL and NHL was relatively similar which varied from 0.6 to 2.6 per 100,000 in 2014-2021. All-cause mortality of pediatric hematological malignancies varied from 1.1 to 1.5 per 100,000 in 2014-2021, with the peak in 2016 (1.7 per 100,000). Younger age is significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in children with AML. CONCUSION Patients with ALL had a higher incidence rate than patients with AML. The incidence rate of HL and NHL was relatively similar. All-cause mortality rates for leukemia and lymphomas were quite stable during the study period. Younger age is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality among AML patients. However, there is no significant association of age with all-cause mortality among ALL, HL and NHL. In order to obtain more reliable data and analysis on pediatric (hematological) malignancies, specific registries for childhood tumors (including detailed information on relapses, treatments, short and long-term side effects, and specific death causes) should be implemented. WHAT IS KNOWN • Leukemias and lymphomas together account for around 45% of all pediatric malignancies. • Lymphoma accounts for 12% of all childhood malignancies; non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are more frequent than Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL). WHAT IS NEW • The incidence rate of ALL was higher than the incidence rate of AML throughout the whole study period, whereas all-cause mortality of ALL and AML was quite stable. • According to Cox PH analysis, younger age (0-5 years old) was associated with a higher risk of death among AML children compared to older children, and no significant association of age was observed with all-cause mortality among ALL and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Mussina
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Bota Kuanova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Syssoyev
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kundyz Shaikhyzada
- Program of Pediatric Solid Oncology, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Temirgali Aimyshev
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Galiyeva
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Uristemova A, Myssayev A, Meirmanov S, Migina L. Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Association with Psychological Distress Among Academic Medicine Faculty in Kazakhstan. Med Lav 2024; 115:e2024002. [PMID: 38411979 PMCID: PMC10915675 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v115i1.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing concern for the faculty's well-being is allied with the emotionally demanding nature of teaching, which has an adverse effect on physical and mental health. There is abundant evidence that academic medicine faculty are subjected to high rates of dissatisfaction, distress, burnout, and turnover among medical educators. This study is dedicated to the exploration of the association between job satisfaction and psychological distress among academic medicine faculty in Kazakhstan. METHODS The observational cross-sectional study was conducted among medical educators in Kazakhstan between 1 October and 25 December. The survey was completed by 715 representatives of academic medicine staff. The sample size was calculated by Epi Info Sample Size Calculator, version 7.0. Multinomial logistic regression analysis using the forced entry procedure was applied to identify the factors associated with job satisfaction. RESULTS The prevalence of job satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.2%, 40.6%, 41.3%, and 53%, respectively. Three variables were significantly associated with job satisfaction: having a partner (AOR=0.79; 95% CI 0.38-1.659), having work experience of 5-10 years (AOR=0.32; 95% CI 0.14-0.74), and holding a Ph.D. degree (AOR=0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.91). Job satisfaction was significantly associated with depression (p=0.005) and stress (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared to previous research in this area, our findings reported a higher prevalence of psychological distress and dissatisfaction. Potential reason for higher rates of dissatisfaction may be the global disruption due to COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Uristemova
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayan Myssayev
- Department of Science and Human Resources, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Meirmanov
- College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Japan
| | - Lyudmila Migina
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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Yerezhepov D, Gabdulkayum A, Akhmetova A, Kozhamkulov UA, Rakhimova SE, Kairov UY, Zhunussova G, Kalendar RN, Akilzhanova A. Vitamin D Status, VDR, and TLR Polymorphisms and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Epidemiology in Kazakhstan. Nutrients 2024; 16:558. [PMID: 38398882 PMCID: PMC10892443 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) and vitamin D deficiency remain major public health problems in Kazakhstan. Due to the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the country and based on the importance of vitamin D in the modulation of the immune response and the association of its deficiency with many health conditions, the aim of our research was to study the vitamin D status, VDR and TLR gene polymorphisms, and pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiology in Kazakhstan. METHODS A case-control study included 411 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 686 controls with no family history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Concentrations of serum vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The gene polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan probes. The association between the risk of pulmonary TB and polymorphisms was evaluated using multimodal logistic regression and assessed with the ORs, corresponding to 95% Cis, and the significance level was determined as p < 0.05. RESULTS 1097 individuals were recruited from 3 different regions of Kazakhstan. Biochemical data showed vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was present in both groups, with the case group accounting for almost 95% and 43.7% in controls. Epidemiological data revealed that socioeconomic factors such as BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.001), employment (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001) were statistically different between case and control groups. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted by sex, age, BMI, residence, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes, showed that T/T polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs1544410, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.04-3.72, p = 0.03) and A/A polymorphism of the TLR8 gene (rs3764880, OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.20-4.98, p = 0.01) were associated with a high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent in our study cohort and is associated with TB progression. Socioeconomic determinants such as unemployment, BMI under 25 kg/m2, and diabetes are the main risk factors for the development of pulmonary TB in our study. A/A polymorphism of TLR8 (rs3764880) and T/T polymorphism (BsmI, rs1544410) of VDR genes may act as biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kazakh population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Yerezhepov
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Gabdulkayum
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Akhmetova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ulan A. Kozhamkulov
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule E. Rakhimova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ulykbek Y. Kairov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Ruslan N. Kalendar
- Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Baspakova A, Abitova AZ, Mussin NM, Kaliyev AA, Yerimbetova G, Zhumagaliyeva S, Ashimova Z, Zhilisbayeva KR, Umbetova AA, Nurtazina AU, Tamadon A. Sex differentials in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and non-communicable diseases in adult populations of West Kazakhstan. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333887. [PMID: 38420037 PMCID: PMC10899439 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide. Several modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity, have been linked to the development of NCDs in both genders. Understanding the prevalence of these risk factors and their associated factors is crucial for effective intervention planning in adult populations. This study aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence and associated factors of these risk behaviors among different genders of adults in West Kazakhstan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in four regions of West Kazakhstan. A stratified multistage sampling technique was utilized to obtain a representative sample size of 4,800 participants aged 18 -69 years. Trained researchers administered face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires to gather information pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, alcohol drinking, dietary patterns, physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and prevalent diseases. Results This study, which included 4,800 participants from West Kazakhstan, revealed some striking numerical findings. The overall prevalence rates of behavioral risk factors and metabolic conditions were as follows: smoking was 13.6% (95%CI: 3.2-24.0%), alcohol drinking was 47.0% (27.7-66.3%), current obesity was 22.3% (9.0-35.6%), and physical inactivity was 80.7% (55.4-106.0%). In addition, the overall prevalence rates of metabolic conditions were 25.6% (11.3-39.9%) for hypertension, 7.5% (0.2-15.2%) for diabetes, 11.8% (2.1-21.5%) for high cholesterol, and 13.0% (2.8-23.2%) for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, a higher prevalence of high cholesterol was observed in men, and a greater prevalence of heart disease was identified in women. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that physical inactivity was associated with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, while obesity was linked to hypertension, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Discussion This study in West Kazakhstan identified variations in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and NCDs, highlighting gender, age, and regional disparities. Notably, men showed higher rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, while women exhibited a greater prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity. Gender and regional differences were evident, with the West Kazakhstan region standing out for distinct patterns. Tailored interventions are crucial to address these disparities and enhance public health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmaral Baspakova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Zh. Abitova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadiar M. Mussin
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Asset A. Kaliyev
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulmira Yerimbetova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Zhumagaliyeva
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanat Ashimova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Kulyash R. Zhilisbayeva
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim A. Umbetova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Alma U. Nurtazina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
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Satanova A, Bolatbekova R, Kukubassov Y, Ossikbayeva S, Kaidarova D. Vaccination Effectiveness against Human Papillomavirus in Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:681-688. [PMID: 38415556 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of human papillomavirus immunization and its impact on cervical cancer development in Kazakhstan. METHODS The current research is a case-control study with two groups: a main group and a control group. A total of 725 subjects participated in the research. RESULTS The association between vaccination and cervical cancer development was calculated both for the two groups as a whole and for individual patients, who were selected based on criteria of residence, presence of immunodeficiency or chronic cardiac or renal pathology, as well as analysis of age at which the vaccine dose was received. There was a statistically significant association between the absence of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the risk of cervical cancer in all groups. When considering the entire cohort, the chance of finding a risk factor (lack of vaccination) was almost 7 times higher in the main group than in the control group. Thus, an association between vaccination and cervical cancer risk was found in each of the pairs of subjects. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of vaccination in preventing cervical cancer was not observed in patients who were vaccinated after 18 years of age, while most patients in the control group were vaccinated in their teens. The practical significance of the research is not only to further study the problem of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Kazakhstan but also to popularize HPV immunization to prevent cervical cancer (CC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alima Satanova
- Oncogynecological Center, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Raikhan Bolatbekova
- Oncogynecological Department, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Kukubassov
- Oncogynecological Center, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Saniya Ossikbayeva
- Centre for Molecular Genetic Research, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Dilyara Kaidarova
- Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Bekbossynova MS, Ivanova-Razumova TV, Dzhetybayeva SK, Oralbekova ZO. Cardiology Service of Kazakhstan Today: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Chronic Heart Failure, Atherosclerosis. Kardiologiia 2024; 64:34-36. [PMID: 38323442 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.1.n2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The article focuses on the prevalence of circulatory diseases, organization and implementation of new programs in the system of cardiological care services in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently, three key programs are functioning at the republican level: "Acute coronary syndrome", "Chronic heart failure", and "Atherosclerosis and dyslipoproteinemia". The National Scientific Cardiac Surgery Center (Astana) is the coordinator of all these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bekbossynova
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan; Corporative Foundation "University Medical Center", Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - T V Ivanova-Razumova
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan; Corporative Foundation "University Medical Center", Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - S K Dzhetybayeva
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan; Corporative Foundation "University Medical Center", Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Z O Oralbekova
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan; Corporative Foundation "University Medical Center", Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Tukinova A, Shalgumbayeva G, Mussabekova Z. Risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. BRATISL MED J 2024; 125:113-116. [PMID: 38219065 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2024_019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. METHODS Study design - cross - sectional. 385 elderly people randomly selected from all over Kazakhstan took part in the survey. The questionnaire for the elderly included socio-demographic data and a small test that determines the absence or the risk of developing cognitive impairment. RESULTS Incomplete secondary education increases the risk of developing CI 4.92 times, secondary education 1.24, secondary special education 2.25 times compared to higher education. The absence of work at this time increases the risk of cognitive impairment compared to those who continue to work 2.24 times, being retired 0.42 times. Smoking increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not smoke 2.51 times, smoking history 0.86 times. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not drink alcohol 1.62 times, other (on holidays) 0.31 times . CONCLUSION Prevention of dementia does not exist today, but it is possible to reduce the risk of its development. Risk factors increase the chances of getting sick but also serve as guidelines that can be influenced (Tab. 3, Ref. 17).
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Syzdykov M, Yeralieva L, Zhumadilova Z, Daulbaeva S, Sadovskaya V, Kussainova A, Rysbayev A, Kadyrmanov N. GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY OF NATURAL RESULTS ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS DISEASES IN KAZAKHSTAN. Georgian Med News 2024:68-79. [PMID: 38501624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the application of GIS technologies in analyzing and visualizing spatial structures of especially dangerous infections (EPI) in Kazakhstan. International collaborations have facilitated projects studying the focal patterns of diseases, improving data analysis and visualization. Extensive electronic databases resulting from field research on EPI foci have elevated the study's depth. The dynamics of natural foci, influenced by intraspecific structures of infection carriers, are impacted by industrial and agricultural developments, urban expansions, and climate change. The study notes changes in the enzootic territory, affecting mammal migration and consequently altering natural focus boundaries. Industrial activities, rotational methods, and habitat changes contribute to the increased epidemic potential in enzootic areas. Despite anthropogenic and climatic influences, the prevalence of plague remains high in Kazakhstan, with a trend towards expanding enzootic territories. Unified electronic databases on plague, tularemia, anthrax, and other zoonoses, developed for GIS analysis, enable mapping and visualization of natural foci. Electronic maps aid in determining enzootic territory boundaries, assessing infectious disease activity, and planning preventive measures based on risk assessment. ESRI's ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 with Arc Toolbox modules facilitated data processing in the geoinformation environment. Data includes epidemiological examination results, species composition of carriers, and laboratory test outcomes, enhancing comprehensive analysis and decision-making for anti-epidemic measures. The study in Kazakhstan identifies and details six natural and twenty autonomous plague foci, categorizing them by main carriers and observing an expansion of natural hotspots. The enzootic territory is classified into four geographic zones, further divided into 105 landscape-epidemiological regions. Laboratory studies inform electronic maps for analyzing plague's dynamic situation. Anthrax prevalence, primarily in chernozem and chestnut soils, is assessed, revealing 1,778 unaffected settlements and spatially clustered points. An epidemiological index aids in zoning for anthrax trouble. Tularemia's landscape occurrence is classified into four types, with spatial analysis revealing clusters and potential epidemic danger in specific regions. Geographic information technologies highlight high-risk areas, justifying preventive measures for dangerous infections. The results obtained serve as a scientific justification for the priority of preventive measures within the boundaries of administrative territories characterized by a high degree of potential epidemic danger and objectively indicate the prospects for the introduction of GIS technologies into the practice of epidemiological surveillance of particularly dangerous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Syzdykov
- 1National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections named after. M. Aikimbaev, Almaty; 2Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - L Yeralieva
- 3National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Z Zhumadilova
- 1National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections named after. M. Aikimbaev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - S Daulbaeva
- 2Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - V Sadovskaya
- 1National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections named after. M. Aikimbaev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - A Kussainova
- 2Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - A Rysbayev
- 2Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - N Kadyrmanov
- 2Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Makhambetchin Y, Yessembekova A, Nurbakyttana A, Galayeva A, Arinova S. Trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2010 to 2019. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2024; 52:95-103. [PMID: 38518240 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202401115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: The purpose of the research is to study trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from arterial hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2019. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the study, a set of methods was used: analytical, graph-analytical, statistical, sociological, clinical and economic analysis, organizational experiment. RESULTS Results: The survey of 318 hypertension patients highlighted a common profile: hypertensive men aged 45-59, smokers, alcohol drinkers, urban dwellers, married with children, industrially employed, physically active at their country house, and facing stress. Gender differences showed 74.4% of hypertensive women were over 50, while a fifth of men were under 45, with higher risk factors in men: smoking (1.87), alcohol (2.53), occupational hazards (2.76), and harsh climates (2.54). CONCLUSION Conclusions: The analysis findings reveal noteworthy trends within the hypertension patient population in Kazakhstan. Despite a decline in hypertension prevalence and initial occurrences, along with reduced relative hospitalization rates between 2010 and 2019, mortality linked to hypertension-related causes and the occurrence of heart attacks have remained relatively steady in recent times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aza Galayeva
- KARAGANDA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KARAGANDA, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
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Sarkulova S, Tatayeva R, Urazalina D, Ossadchaya E, Rakhmetova V. Comorbid Conditions in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation and Veterans of the Soviet-Afghan War: A Cohort Study in Kazakhstan. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:55-64. [PMID: 37941325 PMCID: PMC10861327 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid conditions in patients exposed to ionizing radiation and those who were involved in the Soviet-Afghan war. METHODS This study analyzed the frequency and spectrum of morbidity and comorbidity in patients over a long-term period (30-35 years) following exposure to ionizing radiation at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site or the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, and among participants of the Soviet-Afghan war. A cohort study, both prospective and retrospective, was conducted on 675 patients who underwent comprehensive examinations. RESULTS Numerical data were analyzed using the Statistica 6 program. The results are presented as the mean±standard deviation, median, and interquartile range (25-75th percentiles). The statistical significance of between-group differences was assessed using the Student t-test and Pearson chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension (55.0%) and cardiac ischemia (32.9%); these rates exceeded the average for this age group in the general population. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative impact of causal occupational, environmental, and ultra-high stress factors in the combat zone in participants of the Soviet-Afghan war, along with common conventional factors, contributed to the formation of a specific comorbidity structure. This necessitates a rational approach to identifying early predictors of cardiovascular events and central nervous system disorders, as well as pathognomonic clinical symptoms in this patient cohort. It also underscores the importance of selecting suitable methods and strategies for implementing treatment and prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saule Sarkulova
- Department of Internal Diseases with Course of Nephrology, Hematology, Allergy and Immunology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Roza Tatayeva
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Urazalina
- Central Clinical Hospital for Veterans of the Patriotic War of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ekaterina Ossadchaya
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Venera Rakhmetova
- Department of Internal Diseases with Course of Nephrology, Hematology, Allergy and Immunology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Haas M, Ploščicová L. Contribution to ecological environmental factors and the occurrence of haemosporidians in birds in Zhongar Alatau National Park, Kazakhstan. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:68. [PMID: 38135737 PMCID: PMC10746751 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the presence of a suitable host and vector, the prevalence of haemosporidians is influenced by several important factors, including the environmental conditions of the habitat, which depend on broader geographic characteristics. The aim of this study is to perform a preliminarily assessment of the distribution of blood parasites in birds from the mountainous area of Zhongar Alatau NP and to find potential new sites for research on their ecology in Kazakhstan. The results of this research constitute the first report on the occurrence of blood parasites from this area. A total of 58 birds, from the order Passeriformes and one individual from the order Caprimulgiformes, were examined during the study. The overall prevalence of infections caused by haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon) was 18.6%. Neither the genus Plasmodium nor the presence of trypanosomes and microfilariae was detected in the birds examined. Three birds (5.1% prevalence) were infected with parasites of the genus Haemoproteus, in all eleven positive birds the analyses showed the presence of parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon (18.6% prevalence). The presence of parasites genus Haemoproteus was detected only in birds that were also infected with Leucocytozoon parasites. More infections with parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon are predicted due to the higher altitude and ecological factors at the capture sites, which are more favourable for the development of vectors of this genus. The species Haemoproteus majoris was detected in the host Emberiza cioides and species Haemoproteus minutus in host Turdus merula. Other species of this genus in the hosts Cyanistes cyanus and Turdus atrogularis were not determined. The species Leucocytozoon fringilinarum was detected in the hosts Cyanistes cyanus and Parus major, Leucocytozoon dubreuili was detected in Turdus atrogularis and Turdus merula. In the other host species Aegithalos caudatus, Emberiza cioides and Periparus aterus, it was not possible to dermine the species of the genus Leucocytozoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Haas
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Ploščicová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia
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Doszhanova G, Colpani A, Duisenova A, De Vito A, Zholdybay Z, Juszkiewicz K, Brunetti E, Katarbayev A, Kaniyev S, Zhakenova Z, Manciulli T, Mustapayeva A. The high burden of pediatric cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan: epidemiological and clinical consequences. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:875-877. [PMID: 37721185 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is attributable to Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes. Ultrasound examinations enable a stage-specific approach to CE management. However, this approach is not often applied in endemic areas, which include Kazakhstan. METHODS We collected clinical and ultrasound data on CE pediatric patients seen at a national referral surgical center in Almaty, Kazakhstan, during 2015-2020. RESULTS We included 49 patients, and 79 cysts that were all surgically treated. All but one patient carried active cysts (CE1-CE3 stages). Twenty-six (53.2%) did not receive albendazole postsurgery. Children with CE1 and CE3a cysts underwent surgery, while the use of albendazole and percutaneous drainage were advised upon by experts. CONCLUSIONS A stage-specific approach to CE management in Kazakhstan is urgent, especially in the pediatric population. The rate of active cysts suggests continuing transmission of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaukhar Doszhanova
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Asfendyiarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Agnese Colpani
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Amangul Duisenova
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Asfendyiarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Zhamilya Zholdybay
- Department of Visual Diagnostics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Konrad Juszkiewicz
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Asfendyiarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- WHO-Collaborating Center for the Clinical Management of Cystic Echinoccocosis, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Adyl Katarbayev
- Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Shokan Kaniyev
- Syzganov National Institute of Surgery, 62 Zheltoksan Street, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Zhakenova
- Department of Visual Diagnostics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Tommaso Manciulli
- WHO-Collaborating Center for the Clinical Management of Cystic Echinoccocosis, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Aigerim Mustapayeva
- Department of Visual Diagnostics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Street, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
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Ahmedin D, Makishev A, Telmanova Z, Turebayev D, Tarzhanova D, Shelestyuk A, Lyust V, Kassenova D, Grigorevskiy V, Igissinova G, Bilyalova Z, Syzdykov N, Muratbekova S, Igissin N. Hypopharynx Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan: 2017-2021. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:4043-4051. [PMID: 38156836 PMCID: PMC10909097 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.12.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The article studies the geographical features of the incidence of hypopharynx cancer (HPC) in Kazakhstan. METHODS The retrospective study was done for the period 2017-2021. Descriptive and analytical methods of ecoepidemiology were used. Crude (CR), age-specific (ASIR), age-standardized (ASR), equalized incidence rates and approximation were calculated. The dynamics of indicators was investigated using component analysis according to methodological recommendations. The method of drawing up a cartogram based on the determination of the standard deviation (σ) from the mean (x) was applied. RESULT During the study period, 814 new cases of HPC were registered. The incidence rate decreased from 0.898 (2017) to 0.895 in 2021 and the overall decline was 0.003 per 100,000 population, including due to the age structure - ∑ΔA=+0.04, due to the risk of acquiring illness - ∑ΔR=-0.05 and their combined effect - ∑ΔRA=+0.01. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with HPC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+37.0%), changes in its age structure (ΔA=+106.1%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=-133.4%). The cartograms were allocated according to the following criteria: low - up to 0.730/0000, average - from 0.73 to 1.180/0000, high - above 1.180/0000. The results of the spatial assessment showed the highest levels of HPC incidence in following regions: Atyrau (1.960/0000) and West Kazakhstan (1.580/0000). CONCLUSION Thus, this is the first epidemiological study of HPC, which assessed the role of the influence of various factors, including demographic and risk of acquiring illness, on the dynamics of incidence, taking into account gender differences and geographical variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darkhan Ahmedin
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Abay Makishev
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Dulat Turebayev
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Surgical Diseases with courses of Angiosurgery and Plastic Surgery, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Dinara Tarzhanova
- Department of General Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Alina Shelestyuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vladimir Lyust
- Department of Surgical Diseases with courses of Angiosurgery and Plastic Surgery, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Dinara Kassenova
- Department of ENT Diseases, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vladimir Grigorevskiy
- Department of Surgical Diseases with courses of Angiosurgery and Plastic Surgery, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulnur Igissinova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Oncology, Kazakh National Medical University Named After SD Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zarina Bilyalova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nariman Syzdykov
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Health Department of the Akmola region, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
| | - Svetlana Muratbekova
- Higher School of Medicine, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nurbek Igissin
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences, Higher School of Medicine, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
- Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
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Sakko Y, Turesheva A, Gaipov A, Aimagambetova G, Ukybassova T, Marat A, Kaldygulova L, Amanzholkyzy A, Nogay A, Khamidullina Z, Mussenov Y, Almawi WY, Atageldiyeva K. Epidemiology of spontaneous pregnancy loss in Kazakhstan: A national population-based cohort analysis during 2014-2019 using the national electronic healthcare system. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:1682-1693. [PMID: 37667510 PMCID: PMC10619606 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) is a common health problem that affects 1:10 of childbearing women, and is linked with physical and psychological complications. As the number of nationwide studies on the incidence of SPL is few, especially from middle-income countries, in this study we investigated the epidemiology, complications and outcomes of SPL before 22 weeks of gestation by analyzing large-scale healthcare data from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) in Kazakhstan. MATERIAL AND METHODS A population-based study among women who experienced SPL in any healthcare setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014-2019. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition and ICD 9th edition's procedural codes were utilized to retrieve data using relevant diagnostic and procedural codes. RESULTS In total, 207 317 records of women who have experienced an SPL before 22 weeks of gestation were analyzed from all Kazakhstani regions. The estimated prevalence of SPL was 8.7%, with a 20% decline over a 6-year period. The SPL cases ratio comprises on average 6.2 per 1000 reproductive-age women. Incomplete miscarriage (ICD-10 code "O03.4") was the most common type (37.8%), followed by blighted ovum (ICD-10 code "O02.0"; 34.1%) and missed abortion (ICD-10 code "O02.1"; 13.5%). The most common management methods were dilation and curettage of the uterus (ICD-9 code "69.0"; 84.7%) and aspiration curettage of the uterus (ICD-9 code "65.0"; 15%), whereas medical management was rarely performed (2.6%). CONCLUSION The information available in UNEHS adequately identifies types of miscarriages and treatment methods. Although the prevalence of SPL before 22 weeks of gestation is decreasing, management of miscarriages requires closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesbolat Sakko
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineNazarbayev UniversityAstanaKazakhstan
| | - Akbayan Turesheva
- Department of Normal PhysiologyWest‐Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical UniversityAktobeKazakhstan
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineNazarbayev UniversityAstanaKazakhstan
| | | | - Talshyn Ukybassova
- Clinical Academic Department of Women's HealthCF “University Medical Center”AstanaKazakhstan
| | - Aizada Marat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1NJSC “Astana Medical University”AstanaKazakhstan
| | - Lyazzat Kaldygulova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2West‐Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical UniversityAktobeKazakhstan
| | - Ainur Amanzholkyzy
- Department of Normal PhysiologyWest‐Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical UniversityAktobeKazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya Nogay
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineNazarbayev UniversityAstanaKazakhstan
| | - Zaituna Khamidullina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1NJSC “Astana Medical University”AstanaKazakhstan
| | | | - Wassim Y. Almawi
- Science Faculty of TunisiaUniversité de Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
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Glushkova N, Turdaliyeva B, Kulzhanov M, Karibayeva IK, Kamaliev M, Smailova D, Zhamakurova A, Namazbayeva Z, Mukasheva G, Kuanyshkalieva A, Otyzbayeva N, Semenova Y, Jobalayeva B. Examining disparities in cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and incidence rates between urban and rural populations: insights from Kazakhstan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20917. [PMID: 38017260 PMCID: PMC10684854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kazakhstan is experiencing a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the country has implemented a range of strategies aimed at controlling CVD. The study aims to conduct a content analysis of the policies implemented in the country and augment it with an analysis of official statistics over a 15-year period, from 2006 to 2020. The study also includes comparisons of incidence rates between urban and rural areas. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify policy documents that regulate the provision of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, official data on the incidence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease were extracted from official statistics, disaggregated by urban and rural areas. Forecast modeling was utilized to project disease incidences up to 2030. The study reveals that Kazakhstan primarily focuses on tertiary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, with less attention given to secondary prevention, and primary prevention is virtually non-existent. In general, screening for arterial hypertension appears to be more successful than for ischemic heart disease. The incidence of arterial hypertension has increased threefold for urban residents and 1.7-fold for rural residents. In urban areas, residents saw a twofold increase in ischemic heart disease incidence, while it remained the same in rural areas. The findings of this study have practical implications for decision-makers, who can use the results to enhance the effectiveness of existing CVD prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Glushkova
- Department of Epidemiology, Evidence-Based Medicine and Biostatistics, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Botagoz Turdaliyeva
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, 050002, Kazakhstan
| | - Maksut Kulzhanov
- Department of Management in Healthcare and Pharmacy, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Indira K Karibayeva
- Department of Science and Consulting, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Maksut Kamaliev
- Department of Health Management, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Dariga Smailova
- Research Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaulym Zhamakurova
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Namazbayeva
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulmira Mukasheva
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Asylzhan Kuanyshkalieva
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurzhamal Otyzbayeva
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bagym Jobalayeva
- Department of Public Health, JSC "Semey Medical University", Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan.
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20
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Battakova Z, Imasheva B, Slazhneva T, Imashev M, Beloussov V, Pignatelli M, Tursynkhan A, Askarov A, Abdrakhmanova S, Adayeva A, Akimbayeva A, Suleimanova N. Public Health Response Measures for COVID-19 in Kazakhstan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e524. [PMID: 37941110 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The article describes measures developed to counter the spread of coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kazakhstan were detected on March 13, 2020, among people who arrived from Germany. After declaring the state of emergency in the country, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan began to formulate and implement a comprehensive package of measures aimed at slowing down and stopping the transmission of infection, preventing outbreaks, ensuring optimal care for all patients, especially the seriously ill, minimizing the negative impact of the pandemic on health systems, social services, and economic activities. Developed set of restrictive measures was approved by the Country Office of Word Health Organization (WHO) in Kazakhstan, being later adapted by the European Union (EU) countries and applied in Kyrgyzstan. In addition, article identifies Kazakhstan's experience in creating epidemiological surveillance systems, studying virus mutations, and the clinical aspects of dealing with it to combat the infection. It also indicates the impact of the epidemic on health-care workers and the development of measures to protect them, strengthening infection prevention, and control in medical organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhamilya Battakova
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Tatyana Slazhneva
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert Askarov
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Adayeva
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Akimbayeva
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Suleimanova
- National center of public health care of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Kirimbayeva Z, Abutalip A, Mussayeva A, Kuzembekova G, Yegorova N. Epizootological monitoring of some bacterial infectious diseases of animals on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102061. [PMID: 37741217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of significant areas used for pastures in Kazakhstan makes it relevant to study the epizootic situation in terms of the incidence of animals during their grazing. The most frequent and dangerous diseases during this period are clostridiosis and listeriosis, which cause significant damage to livestock. Monitoring studies of the dynamics of morbidity among animals for infectious diseases during the grazing period were carried out on the basis of veterinary reporting. Bacteriological studies were carried out in a state laboratory using generally accepted microbiological methods. Analytical and statistical methods were used during the work. Monitoring studies indicate a significant spread of clostridiosis in the territory of Kazakhstan. The highest incidence rate was characterised by emphysematous carbuncle infection, which was recorded throughout the country, with an average frequency of about 40 cases per year. The incidence of braxy and anaerobic enterotoxemia occurred much less frequently and mainly in the southern regions of the country. Listeriosis was also observed only in some regions, but at the same time, a stationary focus of the disease was recorded in the Utylaut region, where cases of the disease are recorded annually. Conducted research made it possible to form the dynamics of the incidence of animals in the pasture period for these diseases, to determine the regions of the country with different intensity of the epizootic situation, as well as to carry out bacteriological isolation of a pure culture of the pathogen from samples taken in the foci of the disease. The studies made it possible to collect information on the features and mechanisms of the occurrence of diseases in the conditions of different regions of Kazakhstan and to develop a multi-vector strategy for preventive measures to eliminate animal diseases during the grazing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumagul Kirimbayeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Aspen Abutalip
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty 050016, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Mussayeva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty 050016, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur Kuzembekova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Yegorova
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty 050016, Republic of Kazakhstan
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22
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Perfilyeva YV, Berdygulova ZA, Mashzhan AS, Zhigailov AV, Ostapchuk YO, Naizabayeva DA, Cherusheva AS, Bissenbay AO, Kuatbekova SA, Abdolla N, Nizkorodova AS, Kulemin MV, Shapiyeva ZZ, Sayakova ZZ, Perfilyeva AV, Akhmetollayev IA, Maltseva ER, Skiba YA, Mamadaliyev SM, Dmitrovskiy AM. Molecular and seroepidemiological investigation of Сoxiella burnetii and spotted fever group rickettsiae in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102240. [PMID: 37647811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are involved in the circulation of a number of human pathogens, including spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Little is known about the occurrence of these microorganisms in the southern region of Kazakhstan. In 2018-2022, a total of 726 ticks were collected from bitten humans, livestock, and vegetation in four oblasts of the southern region of Kazakhstan and subjected to DNA extraction. The overall infection rate of Coxiella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in the ticks was 3.3% (24/726) and 69.9% (300/429), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of ompA and gltA genes revealed the presence of three pathogenic SFG rickettsiae: Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, R. aeschlimannii and R. raoultii in ticks collected from bitten humans. In addition, Candidatus R. barbariae was detected in six Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks for the first time in Kazakhstan. To determine the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection, we performed a serological analysis of samples collected from 656 domestic ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) in the region. Overall, 23.5% (154/656) of the animals tested were positive for IgG against C. burnetii. Seroprevalence at the herd level was 54% (28/52). Goats (43%; 12/28; odds ratio (OD) = 28.9, p < 0.05) and sheep (31.9%; 137/430; OD = 18.1, p < 0.05) had higher seroprevalence than cattle (2.5%; 5/198). Among the risk factors considered in this study, age (p = 0.003) and the oblast in which the animals were sampled (p = 0.049) were statistically associated with seropostivity for Q fever in sheep, according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Seroprevalence ranged from 0% to 55.5% in animals in different districts of the southern region of Kazakhstan. Active C. burnetii bacteremia was detected in four of 154 (2.6%) seropositive animals. The data obtained provide strong evidence of the presence of pathogenic rickettsiae and C. burnetii in the southern region of Kazakhstan and emphasize the need to improve epidemiological surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanna A Berdygulova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
| | - Akzhigit S Mashzhan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
| | - Andrey V Zhigailov
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara A Naizabayeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Alena S Cherusheva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Akerke O Bissenbay
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat A Kuatbekova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna S Nizkorodova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V Kulemin
- Anti-Plague Station, 114 Dulati St., Shymkent 160013, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanna Zh Shapiyeva
- Scientific Practical Center of Sanitary-Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, 84 Auezov St., Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Zaure Z Sayakova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Elina R Maltseva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, 9 Microdisctrict 1/72, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuriy A Skiba
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, 9 Microdisctrict 1/72, Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan
| | - Seidigapbar M Mamadaliyev
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey M Dmitrovskiy
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Central Reference Laboratory, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
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23
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Dong Q, Yang M, Li F, Jia Y, Rizabek K, Kairullayev K, Bauyrzhan O, Adil K, Oralhazi K, Wang Y. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks in eastern and southern Kazakhstan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102238. [PMID: 37722147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Infections with spotted fever group rickettsiae represent a worldwide health problem, characterized by persistent high fever, headache, and rash in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. To date, the occurrence of Rickettsia species in hard ticks has not been thoroughly studied, especially in eastern and southern Kazakhstan. A total of 1,245 adult ticks, comprising 734 Dermacentor marginatus, 219 Hyalomma scupense, 144 Hyalomma asiaticum, 84 Hyalomma marginatum, 48 Rhipicephalus turanicus, and 16 Haemaphysalis erinacei, collected from East Kazakhstan, Abay, Jetsu, Almaty, Jambyl, South Kazakhstan and Qyzylorda oblasts of Kazakhstan, were used to screen rickettsial agents using molecular methods. Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia heilongjiangensis were identified using sequencing, and 31.5% (392/1245) of ticks carried rickettsial agents. The difference in the natural landscapes explains the variety of the collected ticks and expands our knowledge of Rickettsia species and their geographical distribution in Kazakhstan. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first finding of R. heilongjiangensis in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshi Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Jia
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kadyken Rizabek
- Department of Food Engineering, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty Oblast 835004, Kazakhstan
| | - Kenesbay Kairullayev
- Department of Food Engineering, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty Oblast 835004, Kazakhstan
| | - Otarbayev Bauyrzhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty Oblast 835004, Kazakhstan
| | - Ketan Adil
- Tacheng Area Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis Center, Tacheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 834700, People's Republic of China
| | - Kazkhan Oralhazi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
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Nurlanova G, Zhumagaliyeva G, Iskakova A, Astrakkhanov A, Kurmangazin M. TLR3 Gene Polymorphism in HCV Infection in the Kazakh Population of Western Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3925-3930. [PMID: 38019252 PMCID: PMC10772782 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of cirrhosis worldwide, leading to significant economic and social burdens. Approximately 170 million people (3% of the population) are infected with HCV, with the risk of developing complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the United States, HCV is the main cause of liver cirrhosis, accounting for 26% of cases. Recent studies have shown an increase in the proportion of HCV-related liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 patients with chronic hepatitis C in the reactivation phase from the Atyrau and Aktobe regional hepatology centers, who had not previously received antiviral therapy, were examined. A control group, matched by gender and age, included 127 practically healthy individuals of Kazakh nationality. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included a complete blood count, a biochemical blood analysis and PCR for HCV. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects for molecular genetic analysis. Genotyping of TLR3 polymorphism (rs5743312, rs5743305, rs3775291, rs5743311, rs1879026) was performed using real-time PCR. Thes study is a case control study. RESULTS In patients with cirrhosis of the liver resulting from chronic hepatitis C (HCV), the results of biochemical analysis were statistically significantly higher than in patients with HCV without liver cirrhosis: the levels of total bilirubin (p 0.017*), alkaline phosphatase (p 0.022*), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (0.041*) were elevated. The results indicated that the CC genotype of TLR3 rs1879026 was associated with the development and chronicity of HCV infection compared to practically healthy individuals (p=0.001). In the distribution of genotypes and alleles for rs5743312, rs5743305, rs3775291, and rs5743311, no significant differences were found between patients with HCV and the healthy control group. CONCLUSION The TLR3 rs1879026 gene polymorphism plays a significant role in the predisposition to HCV infection in the Kazakh population of the Aktobe and Atyrau regions.
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Serikbayeva AT, Akimzhanov DS, Iskakova ZA, Karagoishin Z, Akoyev MT, Dauletaliyev TN, Baitanayev OA. Saiga (Saiga tatarica) conservation strategy in Kazakhstan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275397. [PMID: 37851778 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) is a living symbol of the Eurasian steppes. Even in the recent past, its total number exceeded a million heads. As a commercial species, it was a source of inexpensive meat and skins for suede. The natural world range of saiga in Eurasia covers the steppe and desert ecosystems of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, as well as Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region in the Russian Federation. It is divided into two subspecies: (Saiga tatarica tatarica) the nominal subspecies and (S.t.mongolica) the Mongolian saiga, which is found only in Mongolia. In 2002, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) classified saiga as CR-critically endangered. The purpose of this work is to analyze the saiga population dynamics on the territory of Kazakhstan and characterize possible anthropogenic, genetic and environmental factors affecting their numbers, with the rationale for approaches to conserving these animals' population in Kazakhstan. The article highlights the saiga dynamics of number and distribution over the past decade, the reasons for decline in its number, also discusses specific measures to conserve the saiga in modern conditions, because the current critical situation with saiga in Kazakhstan requires implementing a strategy for its conservation as a species of mammals fauna of the republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Serikbayeva
- Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Faculty of Water, Land and Forest Resources, Department of Forest Resources, Game Management and Fisheries, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - D Sh Akimzhanov
- Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Faculty of Water, Land and Forest Resources, Department of Forest Resources, Game Management and Fisheries, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zh A Iskakova
- Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Faculty of Zooengineering and Food Technologies, Department of Food Safety and Technologies, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zh Karagoishin
- S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical Research University, Faculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Department of "Hunting and Fisheries", Astana, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - M T Akoyev
- Republican State Enterprise for "Huntingzooindustry" Department of the Wildlife Protection Service, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - O A Baitanayev
- Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Faculty of Water, Land and Forest Resources, Department of Forest Resources, Game Management and Fisheries, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan
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Sakko Y, Madikenova M, Kim A, Syssoyev D, Mussina K, Gusmanov A, Zhakhina G, Yerdessov S, Semenova Y, Crape BL, Sarria-Santamera A, Gaipov A. Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System 2014-2019. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074208. [PMID: 37821138 PMCID: PMC10582847 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate tuberculosis (TB) incidence, mortality rates and survival HRs in Kazakhstan, using large-scale administrative health data records during 2014-2019. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS Data for patients with TB in Kazakhstan during 2014-2019, reported in the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System. PARTICIPANTS Patients with TB in Kazakhstan (ICD-10 (The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) codes: A15-A19). OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic factors, diagnoses and comorbidities were analysed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses. TB incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to assess risk factors for survival rates. RESULTS Of the 149 122 patients with TB, 91 437 (61%) were males, and 139 931 (94%) had respiratory TB. From 2014 to 2019, TB incidence declined from 227 to 15.2 per 100 000 individuals, while all-cause mortality increased from 8.4 to 15.2 per 100 000. Age-specific TB incidence was lowest for 0-10 years of age and highest for 20 years of age. Being older, man, urban residence versus rural, retired versus employed, having HIV and having diabetes versus no comorbidities were associated with lower survival rates. CONCLUSION To date, this is the largest TB published study for Kazakhstan, characterising TB incidence and mortality trends by demographic factors, and risk factors for survival rates. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the growing burden of TB, particularly among older adults, men, urban residents and those with HIV and diabetes. The study underscores the importance of using administrative health data to inform policy and health system responses to TB in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesbolat Sakko
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Alexey Kim
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Syssoyev
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamilla Mussina
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur Zhakhina
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sauran Yerdessov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
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27
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Igissin N, Toguzbayeva A, Khamidullina Z, Telmanova Z, Bilyalova Z, Kudaibergenova I, Muratbekova S, Igissinova G, Rustemova K, Kulmirzayeva D, Syzdykov N, Taszhanov R, Turebayev D, Orazova G, Kassenova D, Detochkina V, Baibosynov D, Kuandykov Y. Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Mortality in Kazakhstan, trends and Geographic Distribution. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3361-3371. [PMID: 37898839 PMCID: PMC10770671 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.10.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, ongoing demographic changes will lead to an increase in the number of deaths from breast cancer (BC) per year in the vast majority of regions. In 2040 it is expected that 1.04 million people worldwide will die from this malignancy, including 2,380 women in Kazakhstan. METHODS The retrospective study (2009-2018) was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. RESULTS During 10 years 12,958 women died from BC. An average age of the death was 61.6 years (95%CI=60.6-62.6) and tended to increase (APC=+0.6%, R2=0.6117). Age-specific rates had a bimodal increase with peak rates at 70-74 years - 76.7±5.5 (APC=+3.4%, R2=0.2656) and 80-84 years - 78.0±9.1 (APC=+3.7%, R2=0.0875). The age-standardized rate was 13.9 per 100,000 of female population, and the trend has decreased. When compiling thematic maps, mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low - up to 12.5, average - from 12.5 to 15.2, high - above 15.2 per 100,000. The results of the spatial analysis showed the regions with a higher levels of BC mortality rate per 100,000: Pavlodar (16.9), Almaty (19.2) and Astana cities (19.3). CONCLUSIONS Age-standardized mortality rates had a strong downward trend (APC=-4.0%, R2=0.9218). The decrease mostly is due to a large coverage of the population by mammography screening and to an improvement in the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbek Igissin
- Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences, Higher School of Medicine, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Assem Toguzbayeva
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Zhansaya Telmanova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Zarina Bilyalova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Indira Kudaibergenova
- Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Svetlana Muratbekova
- Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences, Higher School of Medicine, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulnur Igissinova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Kulsara Rustemova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Nariman Syzdykov
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Health Department of the Akmola region, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
| | - Rustem Taszhanov
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Kokshetau Higher Medical College, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
| | - Dulat Turebayev
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Dinara Kassenova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Daulet Baibosynov
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yerlan Kuandykov
- Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan.
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Kazantayev KE, Mukhamedkerim KB, Muradov MI, Nabiyev Y, Turdalieva BS. Restoring Function of the Flexor Tendons of the Hand: State of the Science in Kazakhstan. Plast Aesthet Nurs (Phila) 2023; 43:219-224. [PMID: 37774170 DOI: 10.1097/psn.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a literature review to highlight the diagnosis and treatment of hand flexor tendon injuries and discuss the current state of the science of hand surgery in the Republic of Kazakhstan. We reviewed the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases and other printed sources for open access articles in three languages. We accepted relevant scientific articles that reflected the peculiarities of restoring function of the tendon flexors of the hand. We reviewed articles from the present to the previous 20 years and included 31 of these sources in our literature review. The medical examination of a patient who has sustained a flexor tendon injury should be thorough and gradual, supported by ultrasound and X-ray examination. For effective restoration of hand function following a hand injury, it is important for the surgeon to conduct a step-by-step assessment of the damage that has occurred to soft tissues, superficial and deep tendons, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. The main goal of tendon repair is to preserve tendon function. It is also known that early postoperative tendon movement leads to faster healing. The most frequent complications associated with flexor tendon repair include the development of adhesions, wound infection, tendon rupture, impaired hand function, and scar formation. Relative to the state of the science in the Republic of Kazakhstan, we conclude that hand surgery should be performed by highly skilled specialists in the field of microsurgery in a specialized department with microsurgical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymbat E Kazantayev
- Kymbat E. Kazantayev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon, Researcher, and Practitioner at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kanat B. Mukhamedkerim, MD, is a Resident Physician and Public Health and Social Sciences Expert at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Mismil I. Muradov, MD, PhD, is a Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgeon at the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery, Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Yergali Nabiyev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Botagoz S. Turdalieva, MD, is a Resident Physician and Researcher at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kanat B Mukhamedkerim
- Kymbat E. Kazantayev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon, Researcher, and Practitioner at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kanat B. Mukhamedkerim, MD, is a Resident Physician and Public Health and Social Sciences Expert at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Mismil I. Muradov, MD, PhD, is a Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgeon at the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery, Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Yergali Nabiyev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Botagoz S. Turdalieva, MD, is a Resident Physician and Researcher at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Mismil I Muradov
- Kymbat E. Kazantayev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon, Researcher, and Practitioner at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kanat B. Mukhamedkerim, MD, is a Resident Physician and Public Health and Social Sciences Expert at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Mismil I. Muradov, MD, PhD, is a Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgeon at the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery, Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Yergali Nabiyev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Botagoz S. Turdalieva, MD, is a Resident Physician and Researcher at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Nabiyev
- Kymbat E. Kazantayev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon, Researcher, and Practitioner at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kanat B. Mukhamedkerim, MD, is a Resident Physician and Public Health and Social Sciences Expert at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Mismil I. Muradov, MD, PhD, is a Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgeon at the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery, Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Yergali Nabiyev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Botagoz S. Turdalieva, MD, is a Resident Physician and Researcher at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Botagoz S Turdalieva
- Kymbat E. Kazantayev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon, Researcher, and Practitioner at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kanat B. Mukhamedkerim, MD, is a Resident Physician and Public Health and Social Sciences Expert at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Mismil I. Muradov, MD, PhD, is a Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgeon at the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery, Syzganov National Scientific Center of Surgery, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Yergali Nabiyev, MD, is a Resident Surgeon at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Botagoz S. Turdalieva, MD, is a Resident Physician and Researcher at the Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University Higher School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Zhigailov AV, Perfilyeva YV, Ostapchuk YO, Kulemin MV, Ivanova KR, Abdolla N, Kan SA, Maltseva ER, Berdygulova ZA, Naizabayeva DA, Skiba YA, Mamadaliyev SM. Molecular detection and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 and bluetongue virus 9 in forest flies (Hippobosca equina) collected from livestock in southern Kazakhstan. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 45:100932. [PMID: 37783529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Keds are hematophagous ectoparasites of animals belonging to the family Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Because of their importance as vectors of some pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, they have received special attention. There are numerous studies demonstrating the presence of various parasites and pathogenic bacteria in keds. At the same time, there are very few reports on ked-related viruses. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular survey of viral pathogens in the forest fly (Hippobosca equina) from southern Kazakhstan. In this study, 104H. equina were collected from livestock in Turkistan oblast (southern region of Kazakhstan), which has the largest concentration of livestock in the country. Insect homogenates were screened by PCR for pestiviruses, orbiviruses, flaviviruses, orthobunyaviruses, phleboviruses, orthopoxviruses, capripoxviruses, parapoxviruses, and asfiviruses. The causative agents of two livestock diseases, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (3/104; 2.88%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-8.2%) and bluetongue virus (BTV) (1/104; 0.96%; 95% CI: 0.02-5.24%), were identified and subjected to further analysis. The BTV strain was isolated and all ten genomic RNA segments were sequenced using the Sanger technique. The isolated BTV strain showed >99.6% identity in all genomic segments with the BTV-9 strains belonging to the 'western' topotype. Partial analysis of the 5'-untranslated region demonstrated that both BVDV strains are closely related to Pestivirus B. Flaviviruses, phleboviruses, orthobunyaviruses, poxviruses, and asfiviruses were not detected. This is the first report describing BVDV type 2 in Kazakhstan. The study also confirms the presence of BTV serotype 9 in southern Kazakhstan. The data presented here can help improve preventive measures to control the spread of viral diseases in livestock by using forest flies as an object of epidemiological studies. However, further studies are needed to investigate the vector capacity of H. equina and its suitability for xenodiagnosis of veterinary relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Zhigailov
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Karina R Ivanova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Sofiya A Kan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina R Maltseva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanna A Berdygulova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara A Naizabayeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuriy A Skiba
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan
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Zholmurzayeva R, Ospanova D, Dzhumabekov A, Noso Y, Talkimbayeva N, Aytmanbetova A, Ussebayeva N, Zhorayev T, Fakhradiyev I. Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Modified Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3605-3611. [PMID: 37898869 PMCID: PMC10770665 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.10.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, incorporating culturally tailored strategies to increase screening uptake and compliance, in Almaty, Kazakhstan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Almaty between 2019-2022, involving 5370 participants aged 50-70 from diverse settings. Participants were assigned to the main (modified method) and comparison (standard method) groups based on the parity of their ID number digits. Variables of interest included demographics, somatic comorbidities, disability degree, and CRC screening results. The modified screening emphasized healthcare prioritization, optimized nursing resources, enhanced accessibility, and preparedness for the second screening stage. RESULTS In the study 2702 patients in the main group (modified method), and 2668 patients in the comparison group (standard method). Comorbidity data showed that the majority of participants in both groups had between 1-10 comorbidities, with an average of 8.2 in the main group and 8.1 in the comparison group. Screening response rates at stage I were higher in the main group, with 82.6% of subjects undergoing screening, compared to 78.9% in the comparison group (χ2=12.12, p=0.001). The response rates were higher among females in both groups, and no significant differences were found across age groups. At stage II, the response rate was again higher in the main group (56.2%) than in the comparison group (47.2%) (χ2=4.217, p=0.040), with no significant differences noted in relation to sex or age. However, the main group showed a higher response rate at stage I among respondents with 6-10 comorbidities (87.1% vs 82.5%, χ2 =7.820, p=0.009). CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the modified program significantly outperformed the traditional one, achieving higher response rates at both the initial and subsequent stages of screening. These findings emphasize the value of revisiting and refining current CRC screening methods to maximize early detection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Gabdullina M, Maes EF, Horth RZ, Dzhazybekova P, Amanova GN, Zikriyarova S, Nabirova DA. COVID-19 pandemic and other factors associated with unfavorable tuberculosis treatment outcomes-Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2018-2021. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1247661. [PMID: 37808989 PMCID: PMC10552263 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1247661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic negatively influenced the availability of tuberculosis (TB) services, such as detection, diagnosis and treatment, around the world, including Kazakhstan. We set out to estimate the COVID-19 pandemic influence on TB treatment outcomes by comparing outcomes among people starting treatment before the pandemic (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021) and to determine risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all people newly diagnosed with drug-sensitive pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB at least 18 years old who initiated treatment from 2018 to 2021 in Almaty. We abstracted data from the national electronic TB register. Unfavorable treatment outcomes were ineffective treatment, death, loss to follow-up, results not evaluated, and transferred. We used multivariable Poisson regression to calculate adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Among 1548 people newly diagnosed with TB during the study period, average age was 43 years (range 18-93) and 52% were male. The number of people initiating treatment was higher before than the pandemic (935 vs. 613, respectively). There was significantly different proportions before compared to during the pandemic for people diagnosed through routine screening (39% vs. 31%, p < 0.001), 60 years and older (16% vs. 22%, p = 0.005), and with diabetes (5% vs. 8%, p = 0.017). There was no difference in the proportion of HIV (8% in both periods). Unfavorable outcomes increased from 11 to 20% during the pandemic (aRR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.44-2.31). Case fatality rose from 6 to 9% (p = 0.038). Risk factors for unfavorable TB treatment outcomes among all participants were being male (aRR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.12-1.85), having HIV (aRR = 2.72, 95%CI = 1.99-3.72), having alcohol use disorder (aRR = 2.58, 95%CI = 1.83-3.62) and experiencing homelessness (aRR = 2.94, 95%CI = 1.80-4.80). Protective factors were being 18-39 years old (aRR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.24-0.44) and 40-59 years old (aRR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.41-0.75) compared to 60 years old and up. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic was associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes for people newly diagnosed with drug-sensitive TB in Almaty, Kazakhstan. People with fewer comorbidities were at increased risk. Results point to the need to maintain continuity of care for persons on TB treatment, especially those at higher risk for poor outcomes during periods of healthcare service disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Gabdullina
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Epidemiology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- National Scientific Center of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Edmond F. Maes
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roberta Z. Horth
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Epidemiology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Panagul Dzhazybekova
- Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhan N. Amanova
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Epidemiology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sanam Zikriyarova
- Department of Epidemiology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dilyara A. Nabirova
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Epidemiology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Nukusheva A, Abdizhami A, Rustembekova D, Zhaxybekova F, Kabzhanov A. Regulation of biomedical waste management in Kazakhstan during the pandemic in the context of best practices. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1179. [PMID: 37690106 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic actualized questions about the proper management of biomedical waste while creating several regulatory challenges and requiring countries to look for an appropriate response. These issues have become particularly relevant for Kazakhstan, where waste management issues traditionally face inefficient legal regulation and are particularly acute. This study aims to answer the question of what regulatory problems Kazakhstan currently face in the area of proper biomedical waste management, and how existing foreign experience can help solve them. The present study highlights several pertinent challenges within the context of medical waste management. These include issues concerning the licencing activities associated with waste management, the absence of well-defined regional plans for the management of medical waste and the lack of effective strategies to address the proper handling and disposal of this specific category of waste. At the same time, there are reasons to say that the country requires additional technical and expert support in the field of medical waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Nukusheva
- Department of Civil and Labour Law, Karaganda University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aitugan Abdizhami
- Department of Civil and Labour Law, Karaganda University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Rustembekova
- Department of Civil and Labour Law, Karaganda University Named After Academician E.A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Farida Zhaxybekova
- Department of Criminal Justice, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Akylbek Kabzhanov
- Department of Legal Disciplines, Academy Bolashaq, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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Nursultanova L, Kabulbayev K, Ospanova D, Tazhiyeva A, Datkhayev U, Saliev T, Tanabayeva S, Fakhradiyev I. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Kazakhstan: evidence from a national cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14710. [PMID: 37679536 PMCID: PMC10485008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there have been no large-scale national studies of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Kazakhstan. It includes the research based on the analysis of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of this study was to investigate the population prevalence of CKD and associated risk factors in Kazakhstan. The cross-sectional study consisted of a nationally representative sample of n = 6 720 adults aged 18 to 69 from 14 regions and 3 major cities in Kazakhstan. The study covered the period from October 2021 to May 2022. The WHO STEPS questionnaire was used for the survey. For the diagnosis of CKD, creatinine levels in collected blood samples were measured to assess eGFR. Demographic characteristics were collected and studied. The total and adjusted prevalence of factors associated with the presence of CKD were calculated and analysed using logistic regression. 73.5% (n = 4940) of participants had normal eGFR, while 25.2% (n = 1695) had mild CKD (eGFR = 60-89 mL/min/1.7 m2). The overall prevalence of CKD with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m2 was 1.3% (n = 85), of which 0.2% (n = 15) had eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.7 m2. A mild degree of CKD was most often determined in residents of the East Kazakhstan region in 10.4%, and in 7.8-8.0% of cases. The majority of CKD patients was detected in the East Kazakhstan region and Almaty city, 15.3% and 10.6% of cases respectively. In mild and CKD with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m2, the age of participants was 50-69 years in 61.5% and 78.8% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001). In addition to the association with the place of residence, a statistically significant relationship was found between the risk of developing CKD and underweight (OR 1.43, 95% CI (1.09-1.88), p < 0.001), as well as the presence of obesity (OR 1.24, 95% CI (0.99-1.53), p = 0.04). We observed the prevalence of CKD with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m2 at the level of 1.3%. However, a fairly large part of study participants had a mild CKD (25.2%). The results of this study can be used for the optimization of the doctors workload and the timely provision of care to patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Nursultanova
- Kazakhstan's Medical University "KSPH", Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kairat Kabulbayev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Ospanova
- Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Tazhiyeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ubaidilla Datkhayev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94, Tole-Bi Str., Almaty, 050020, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Zhigailov AV, Perfilyeva YV, Ostapchuk YO, Kan SA, Lushova AV, Kuligin AV, Ivanova KR, Kuatbekova SA, Abdolla N, Naizabayeva DA, Maltseva ER, Berdygulova ZA, Mashzhan AS, Zima YA, Nizkorodova AS, Skiba YA, Mamadaliyev SM. Molecular and serological survey of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in Kazakhstan. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104965. [PMID: 37516041 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection and to assess the population immunity in cattle vaccinated against BVDV in different regions of Kazakhstan. Cattle samples were collected in 12 oblasts (43 districts) of Kazakhstan. A total of 2477 cattle from 114 herds and 21 Bukhara deer (Cervus elaphus bactrianus) were examined by ELISA and conventional RT-PCR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with BVDV infection in the country. In total, antibodies against BVDV were found in 79.3% (1965/2477) of all the animals and 92.1% (105/114) of all the herds examined. Seroprevalence in unvaccinated and vaccinated animals was 48.6% (447/920) and 98.7% (1391/1410), respectively. Seroprevalence in deer was 19.1% (4/21). The BVDV RNA was detected in six unvaccinated cattle (0.2%). Sequence analysis of the 5'-untranslated region demonstrated that four of the detected strains belonged to BVDV-1 and two strains to BVDV-2. Regression analysis revealed that age, production type, housing method, farm size, and geographic location were risk factors for BVDV infection in cattle in Kazakhstan. The present data confirm circulation of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 in Kazakhstan and highlight the need to improve strategies for prevention and control of BVDV infection in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Zhigailov
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Sofiya A Kan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Anzhelika V Lushova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Artyom V Kuligin
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Karina R Ivanova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Nurshat Abdolla
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara A Naizabayeva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina R Maltseva
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanna A Berdygulova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Akzhigit S Mashzhan
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Anna S Nizkorodova
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuriy A Skiba
- Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Tethys Scientific Society, Almaty 050063, Kazakhstan
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Abdel Z, Abdeliyev B, Yessimseit D, Begimbayeva E, Mussagalieva R. Natural foci of plague in Kazakhstan in the space-time continuum. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 100:102025. [PMID: 37523875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of the problem of the stated topic lies in the fact that the causative agent of the plague infection demonstrates high survival while maintaining high virulence in the territories, which are enzootic in terms of the plague. The study aimed to investigate the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the plague pathogen in endemic regions through molecular genetic research. The work included the results of laboratory studies of 3058 samples, including soil - 1154, burrow substrates - 549, the contents of the feeding chamber - 349, bone remains - 18, biological objects - 988 samples of sera and suspensions from carriers and vectors of plague infection collected from 14 autonomous plague foci of Kazakhstan for the period 2021-2022. The leading method in the study was a laboratory experiment, thanks to which, using a new advanced technology on a microbiological analyser VITEK 2 COMPACT 30, it was possible to study pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of the genus Yersinia isolated during field experiment. As a result of experimental work, it was shown that during a long inter-epizootic period, the plague pathogen can persist in the soil in symbiosis with soil microorganisms, and in this area, it chooses soil with a low-quality index of 10 points, where soils with a low total microbial number and species landscape prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyat Abdel
- Laboratory of Plague, Masgut Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Beck Abdeliyev
- Department of Express Diagnostics and Indication of Especially Dangerous Infections, Masgut Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Duman Yessimseit
- Department of Express Diagnostics and Indication of Especially Dangerous Infections, Masgut Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira Begimbayeva
- Department of the National and Working Collection of Microorganisms, Masgut Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Raikhan Mussagalieva
- Department of Organizational, Advisory and Methodological Work, Masgut Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Zhabykpayeva A, Kulakova L, Rychshanova R, Suleimanova K, Shevtsov A. Identification of the causative agent of canine babesiosis in the North of Kazakhstan. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1184-1194. [PMID: 37842114 PMCID: PMC10576577 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine babesiosis is a common disease in the northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular in the Kostanay region. In recent years, a large number of cases of the disease with a variety of clinical symptoms have been registered. Aim The purpose of the study was to monitor the spread, characterization, and identify the Babesia species involved of Babesia species in ticks and blood of dogs in the Kostanai region. Methods The research work began in 2017 with the study of the spread of babesiosis in dogs in the Kostanay region according to the reports of veterinary clinics. The collection of ticks from the territory and from dogs was carried out in 2017-2021. Results As a result of the research work, the presence in the city and some areas of the Kostanay region of two species of ixodid Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus, was established. Of these, one species was identified in dogs, which serves as a carrier of canine babesiosis-D. reticulatus. In all 31 DNA samples from the blood of dogs diagnosed with babesiosis, a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified. The nucleotide sequence was obtained for 30 samples (96.8%), in one sample a low luminescence intensity of a specific PCR product was observed. Two Babesia canis haplotypes were distinguished on the basis of two nucleotide substitutions (GA→AG) observed in the sequences of the 18S rRNA gene. Conclusions In conclusion, the results of this study provide insight into the distribution of B. canis haplotypes in dogs in the Kostanay region, and canine babesiosis is caused solely by the large Babesia species B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Zhabykpayeva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lyubov Kulakova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Raushan Rychshanova
- Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kulyay Suleimanova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Z. Aldamzhar Kostanay Social-Technical University, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Shevtsov
- Applied Genetics Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Mukherjee TI, Terlikbayeva A, McCrimmon T, Primbetova S, Mergenova G, Benjamin S, Witte S, El-Bassel N. Association of gender-based violence with sexual and drug-related HIV risk among female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:666-676. [PMID: 37083464 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231170902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) or client violence, and associated HIV risk among women who engage in sex work (WESW) and use drugs in Kazakhstan, despite a growing HIV epidemic. METHODS Women who reported engaging in sex work and using illicit drugs were recruited from Almaty and Temirtau, Kazakhstan between 2015 and 2017. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to determine prevalence and correlates of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by intimate partners and clients. Associations between each type of violence with sexual and drug-related HIV risk behaviors were assessed with negative-binomial and logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS Of the 400 women, 45% and 28% reported recent IPV and client violence, respectively. IPV and client violence was associated with a greater number of sex work clients [IPV: adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR)physical: 1.86, 1.28-2.71; aIRRsexual: 2.28, 1.56-3.35]; [client violence: aIRRphysical: 2.20, 1.44-3.42; aIRRsexual: 2.54, 1.72-3.83], and client violence was associated with greater frequency of condomless sex with clients [aIRRphysical: 2.33, 1.41-4.03; aIRRsexual: 2.16, 1.35-3.56]. Violence was not associated with injection drug use, despite exchanging sex for drugs being associated with higher odds of violence. CONCLUSION HIV prevention programs for WESW in Kazakhstan should consider multi-sectoral approaches that address economic hardship and relationship-based components, in addition to violence reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trena I Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tara McCrimmon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Susan Witte
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
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Junusbekova G, Tundybayeva M, Akhtaeva N, Kosherbayeva L. Recent Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Kazakhstan. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:519-526. [PMID: 37645218 PMCID: PMC10461044 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s417693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in Kazakhstan. In the last decade, Kazakhstan has carried out a number of reforms in the healthcare sector, in particular, to reduce mortality from significant diseases, including CVD. This study aimed to provide the trend of avoidable mortality from CVD in Kazakhstan. Methods We extracted data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan on population by age; mortality rates from chronic rheumatic heart disease (I05-I09); hypertensive diseases (I10-I15); ischaemic heart disease (I20-I25); cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) from 2011 to 2021, by gender and 5-year age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 74). We applied join point regression to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). In addition, crude mortality and trends were calculated per 100,000 population. Results The avoidable mortality rates, including treatable and preventable mortality decreased between 2011 and 2019 and then increased in the last two years (2020 and 2021) in all four studied disease groups. The AAPC showed that total avoidable mortality rates decreased between 2011 and 2021-6.0 points (-10.6 to - 1.1) (p = 0.017), whereas in males -4.2 (-8.3 to 0.1) and females - 5.1 (-8.8 to -1.3) (p = 0.009). Avoidable mortality rates from ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease has been reduced stronger in male compared to female. The crude mortality declined over the period given; however, among young people mortality is still high. Discussion Our findings showed that avoidable mortality from CVD decreased over the last years, which could be related to the policy on strengthening the primary care on early diagnosis and detection of CVD and its risk factors. However, primary healthcare facilities need to improve activities on health literacy (drug adherence, risk factors) of the population, including the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Junusbekova
- Cardiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Meiramgul Tundybayeva
- Cardiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazgul Akhtaeva
- Biostatistics and Fundamentals of Scientific Research, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazzat Kosherbayeva
- Health Policy and Management department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- ALimRE (Advancing Learning Through the Innovation Methods in Research and Education), Almaty oblast, Kazakhstan
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Ilyassova BS, Abzhaparova B, Smailova DS, Bolatov A, Baymakhanov B, Beloussov V, Solomadin M, Shamsivaliyeva K, Alpysbayava G, Issakova G, Granica J, Mukushkina D, Sagatov IY, Kaniyev S. Prevalence and genotypes distribution of virus hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus in chronic liver diseases in Kazakhstan. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:533. [PMID: 37580657 PMCID: PMC10426108 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) genotypes is uneven and has its own clinical and organizational implications for health systems. Despite the introduction of vaccination and successful antiviral therapy the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (with or without delta agent) increased over the past 5 years. This study aimed for the first time to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV in Kazakhstan. METHODS Total 834 chronic hepatitis B (with or without delta agent) patients were included to the study from November 2017 to June 2019. The material was collected from the regional hepatological сenters from 13 cities of Kazakhstan. Genotyping of HBV/HDV isolates was carried out using phylogenetic analysis of null-binary sequences of Kazakhstani isolates, in comparison with the reference sequences. Nucleotide sequence alignment was performed using the ClustalW algorithm, the "neighbor-joining" method was used for the construction of phylogenetic trees and subsequent analysis. RESULTS Overall 341 samples were PCR-positive and genotyped for HBV. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of HBV isolates showed that they were represented by genotypes HBV-D (95.9%), HBV-A (3.5%) and HBV-C (0.6%). At the same time, the identity of the nucleotide sequences of Kazakhstani isolates were: HBV-D (95-100%); HBV-A (97.2-100%) and HBV-C (99%). 256 samples were PCR positive and genotyped for HDV, all of them belonged to genotype 1. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time the molecular epidemiology of HBV and HDV in Kazakhstan. The data obtained expand the knowledge of the global epidemiology of viruses; have potential implications for public health policy and for further clinical research on chronic hepatitis in Kazakhstan. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05095181 (registered on 27/10/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibigul S. Ilyassova
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | - Balzhan Abzhaparova
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Bolatbek Baymakhanov
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Kunsulu Shamsivaliyeva
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | | | - Gaukhar Issakova
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | - Joanna Granica
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory “TreeGene”, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dina Mukushkina
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory “TreeGene”, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Inkar Y. Sagatov
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
| | - Shokan Kaniyev
- JSC “National Scientific center of Surgery named after A.N.Syzganov”, Zheltoksan str. 62, Almaty, 050004 Kazakhstan
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Shamsutdinova A, Turdaliyeva B, Tanabayeva S, Omarova A, Saliev T, Tanabayev B, Fakhradiyev I. Screening for Breast, Cervical and Prostate Cancers in Kazakhstan: Key Factors and Psychological Aspects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2515-2522. [PMID: 37505786 PMCID: PMC10676473 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.7.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening is the main method for early detection and reduction of cancer mortality in all countries, including Central Asia and Kazakhstan. However, there is no official data on the awareness of the population about cancer screening in Kazakhstan. In addition, there were no studies on the psycho-emotional state of the patients during the screening procedure conducted yet. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential factors of awareness and psycho-emotional state during screening for breast (BC), cervical (CC), and prostate cancers (PC) in Kazakhstan (using the example of Almaty city). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from 01/01/2017 to 05/31/2017. The study was carried out at six polyclinics in Almaty (Kazakhstan). 1 625 volunteers took part in the study. The special questionnaires were employed to assess awareness of the screening procedure and subjective feelings during screening. The survey was conducted on patients who were screened for BC (n=674 or 41.5%), CC (n=565 or 34.8%) and PC (n=386 or 23.8%). Demographic data (age, education, marital status, preferred language of communication, etc.) were collected from participants using in-depth interviews. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was analysed by determining the reliability index (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS The mean age of screening participants was 54.6 ± 3.3 years (BC), 49.2 ± 7.3 years (CC), and 56.6 ± 5.1 years (PC) (p = 0.001). Participants in BC and CC screening had a general knowledge of the procedure (45.1 % and 59.8 % of cases, respectively). Men had no information about PC screening (76.4 % of cases, p = 0.001). On the other hand, women had no sufficient knowledge about mammography (46.4 %) and Papanicolaou (Pap) test (51.2% of cases). In 40.1 % (BC) and 41.1 % (CC) of cases, the fact of having the test was an unpleasant circumstance. However, in 59.6 % (PC) of cases, men did not have any discomfort associated with undertaking the test (p = 0.001). PC screening participants experienced no discomfort in 58.3 % of cases. At the same time, participants in BC and CC screenings experienced discomfort in 38.1 % and 42.5 % of cases, respectively (p = 0.001). Analysis of internal consistency on the questionnaire on awareness of the screening procedure showed the value of Cronbach's Alpha 0.693. The scores of subjective feelings during screening were 0.702. CONCLUSIONS The study's results revealed the reliability and applicability of the questionnaires on awareness of the screening procedure and assessment of subjective feelings. Knowledge of general information about the screening program differed depending on the type of screening. Participants in BC and CC screening were more likely to be aware of the screening program than participants in PC screening. An unpleasant circumstance associated with screening test is most often considered the very fact of having the test, especially for participants in BC and CC screening. The results of this study highlight the importance of providing an information campaign to raise awareness about screening tests. In addition, the results indicate the need to provide patients with full information about the screening process, and possible risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfiya Shamsutdinova
- JSC «Central Clinical Hospital», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Botagoz Turdaliyeva
- Kazakhstan Medical University “Kazakhstan School of Public Health”, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Aida Omarova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Atabayeva A, Sarsenbayeva G, Maukayeva S, Anartaeva M, Khismetova Z, Tsigengagel O. Health-Related Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Patients with Blood Cancer in Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2397-2403. [PMID: 37505772 PMCID: PMC10676497 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.7.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancer is the most prevalent health problem associated with poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations between HRQoL and its determinants including physical, emotional, and functional domains are insufficiently investigated among blood cancer patients of Kazakhstan. We aimed to assess HRQoL and treatment satisfaction of blood cancer patients in Kazakhstan. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, conducted from November 2022 to December 2022, which enrolled all adult blood cancer patients registered at the healthcare facilities of Semey. This study involved 87 respondents. A questionnaire of the authors' design and the SF-36 questionnaire were used to obtain the data, which was validated. RESULTS Out of 87 patients, 47 (54,0%) were males whose mean age was 35,72 ± 1,64 years and 40 (46,0%) were females with the mean age of 45,83 ± 1,57 years. None of the patients were very satisfied with their current clinical management and status monitoring and the overall rate of patient dissatisfied or somewhat dissatisfied was 48.9%. The two questions of "How long have you been seen by a hematologist?" (p=0,019) and "How do you evaluate the organization of medical care in the field of hematology?" (p=0,000) were predictors of patient satisfaction in multiple linear regression analysis. There was a significant difference in the individual SF-36 dimensions and overall QOL scored in different age group participants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study found that the five determinates affect QOL revealed significant differences between individual age groups and identified key determinants of patient dissatisfaction. Also, it is the first attempt to understand the experience of blood cancer patients in the healthcare system in Kazakhstan, and the results may contribute to a discussion between healthcare professionals and patients on initiatives that need to be taken to improve the quality of healthcare services provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Atabayeva
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulzat Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan.
| | - Saule Maukayeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dermatovenerology and Immunology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.
| | - Maria Anartaeva
- Department of Social Health Insurance and Public Health, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zaituna Khismetova
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.
| | - Oxana Tsigengagel
- Department of Development of Scientific Research Activity, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau, Kazakhstan.
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Deryabina A, Aiypkhanova A, Juvashev A, Alimbetov K, Tekebayev K, Kassa G, Howard AA. Core components of infection prevention and control programs at the facility level in Kazakhstan: key challenges and opportunities. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 37349829 PMCID: PMC10286477 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kazakhstan is developing a National Roadmap to strengthen its Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), but until recently has lacked a country-wide facility-level assessment of IPC performance gaps. METHODS In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO)'s IPC Core Components and Minimal Requirements were assessed at 78 randomly selected hospitals across 17 administrative regions using adapted WHO tools. The study included site assessments, followed by structured interviews with 320 hospital staff, validation observations of IPC practices, and document reviews. RESULTS All hospitals had at least one dedicated IPC staff member, 76% had IPC staff with any formal IPC training; 95% established an IPC committee and 54% had an annual IPC workplan; 92% had any IPC guidelines; 55% conducted any IPC monitoring in the past 12 months and shared the results with facility staff, but only 9% used monitoring data for improvements; 93% had access to a microbiological laboratory for HAI surveillance, but HAI surveillance with standardized definitions and systematic data collection was conducted in only one hospital. Adequate bed spacing of at least 1 m in all wards was maintained in 35% of hospitals; soap and paper towels were available at the hand hygiene stations in 62% and 38% of hospitals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Existing IPC programs, infrastructure, IPC staffing, workload and supplies present within hospitals in Kazakhstan allow for implementation of effective IPC. Development and dissemination of IPC guidelines based on the recommended WHO IPC core components, improved IPC training system, and implementation of systematic monitoring of IPC practices will be important first steps towards implementing targeted IPC improvement plans in facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deryabina
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, 34/1 Samal-3, 050051, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Almat Juvashev
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, 34/1 Samal-3, 050051, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Alimbetov
- National Centre for Public Health of the Ministry, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kanat Tekebayev
- National Centre for Public Health of the Ministry, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Getachew Kassa
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A Howard
- Mailman School of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, New York, USA
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Sanaubarova A, Pujol-Hodge E, Dzissyuk N, Lemey P, Vermund SH, Leigh Brown AJ, Ali S. High-Level Drug-Resistant Mutations among HIV-1 Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG in Kazakhstan. Viruses 2023; 15:1407. [PMID: 37515095 PMCID: PMC10384832 DOI: 10.3390/v15071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV incidence in Kazakhstan increased by 73% between 2010 and 2020, with an estimated 35,000 people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 2020. The development of antiretroviral drug resistance is a major threat to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet studies on the prevalence of drug resistance in Kazakhstan are sparse. In this study on the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Kazakhstan, we analyzed 968 partial HIV-1 pol sequences that were collected between 2017 and 2020 from PLHIV across all regions of Kazakhstan, covering almost 3% of PLHIV in 2020. Sequences predominantly represented subtypes A6 (57%) and CRF02_AG (41%), with 32% of sequences exhibiting high-level drug resistance. We further identified distinct drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) in the two subtypes: subtype A6 showed a propensity for DRMs A62V, G190S, K101E, and D67N, while CRF02_AG showed a propensity for K103N and V179E. Codon usage analysis revealed that different mutational pathways for the two subtypes may explain the difference in G190S and V179E frequencies. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted differences in the timing and geographic spread of both subtypes within the country, with A62V-harboring subtype A6 sequences clustering on the phylogeny, indicative of sustained transmission of the mutation. Our findings suggest an HIV epidemic characterized by high levels of drug resistance and differential DRM frequencies between subtypes. This emphasizes the importance of drug resistance monitoring within Kazakhstan, together with DRM and subtype screening at diagnosis, to tailor drug regimens and provide effective, virally suppressive ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Sanaubarova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Emma Pujol-Hodge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK; (E.P.-H.); (A.J.L.B.)
| | - Natalya Dzissyuk
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Leigh Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK; (E.P.-H.); (A.J.L.B.)
| | - Syed Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
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Nabirova D, Horth R, Smagul M, Nukenova G, Yesmagambetova A, Singer D, Henderson A, Tsoy A. Effectiveness of four vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 2021: retrospective population-based cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1205159. [PMID: 37351091 PMCID: PMC10282771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1205159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In February 2021 Kazakhstan began offering COVID-19 vaccines to adults. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections raised concerns about real-world vaccine effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate effectiveness of four vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis among adults in Almaty using aggregated vaccination data and individual-level breakthrough COVID-19 cases (≥14 days from 2nd dose) using national surveillance data. We ran time-adjusted Cox-proportional-hazards model with sensitivity analysis accounting for varying entry into vaccinated cohort to assess vaccine effectiveness for each vaccine (measured as 1-adjusted hazard ratios) using the unvaccinated population as reference (N = 565,390). We separately calculated daily cumulative hazards for COVID-19 breakthrough among vaccinated persons by age and vaccination month. Results From February 22 to September 1, 2021, in Almaty, 747,558 (57%) adults were fully vaccinated (received 2 doses), and 108,324 COVID-19 cases (11,472 breakthrough) were registered. Vaccine effectiveness against infection was 79% [sensitivity estimates (SE): 74%-82%] for QazVac, 77% (SE: 71%-81%) for Sputnik V, 71% (SE: 69%-72%) for Hayat-Vax, and 70% (SE: 65%-72%) for CoronaVac. Among vaccinated persons, the 90-day follow-up cumulative hazard for breakthrough infection was 2.2%. Cumulative hazard was 2.9% among people aged ≥60 years versus 1.9% among persons aged 18-39 years (p < 0.001), and 1.2% for people vaccinated in February-May versus 3.3% in June-August (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection in Almaty similar to other observational studies. Higher cumulative hazard of breakthrough among people ≥60 years of age and during variant surges warrants targeted booster vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyara Nabirova
- Division of Global Health Protection in Central Asia, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Roberta Horth
- Division of Global Health Protection in Central Asia, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Central Asia Field Epidemiology Training Program, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Manar Smagul
- Scientific and Practical Center of Sanitary-Epidemiological Examination and Monitoring, Branch of the National Center for Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Nukenova
- Scientific and Practical Center of Sanitary-Epidemiological Examination and Monitoring, Branch of the National Center for Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Yesmagambetova
- Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control, Ministry of Healthcare, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniel Singer
- Division of Global Health Protection in Central Asia, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alden Henderson
- Division of Global Health Protection, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alexey Tsoy
- Office of the Minister, Ministry of Healthcare, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Bayembayev F, Rakhimzhanova R, Dautov T, Saduakassova A, Telmanova Z, Bilyalova Z, Igissinov N. Lymphosarcoma Incidence in Kazakhstan: A Retrospective Survey (2010-2019). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1885-1896. [PMID: 37378916 PMCID: PMC10505860 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.6.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to study the trends of lymphosarcoma incidence in the regional context in Kazakhstan. METHODS The retrospective study was done using descriptive method of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. RESULTS 3,987 new cases of lymphosarcoma were registered in the country (50.7% in men, 49.3% in women). During the studied years the average age of patients was 54.2±0.8 years. The highest incidence rates per 100,000 in the entire population were found in the age groups 65-69 years (10.4±0.6), 70-74 years (10.7±0.8), and 75-79 years (10.3±0.8). The highest tendency to increase in age-related incidence rates was at the age over 85 (APC=+8.26) and to decrease at the age under 30 (APC=-6.17). The average annual standardized incidence rate was 2.3 per 100,000, and in dynamics tended to increase (APC=+1.43). It was found that the downward trend was observed in five regions (Akmola, Atyrau, Karaganda, North and South Kazakhstan), and the most pronounced decline was in the Karaganda (APC=-3.61) and South Kazakhstan (APC=-2.93) regions. When compiling thematic maps, incidence rates were determined based on standardized indicators: low - up to 1.97, average - from 1.97 to 2.60, high - above 2.60 per 100,000 for both sexes. CONCLUSION Trends in the incidence of lymphosarcoma in Kazakhstan are growing and have geographical variability, and a high incidence is observed in the eastern and northern regions of the country. Sex differences have been established the incidence in men is higher than in female population, but the rate of increase in the incidence in women is more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aigul Saduakassova
- Medical Center Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zhansaya Telmanova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Zarina Bilyalova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Nurbek Igissinov
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
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Bilibayeva G, Ospanova D, Nurkerimova A, Kussainova F, Tukeev M, Shokybaeva M, Tanabayeva S, Fakhradiyev I, Saliev T. Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Kazakhstan During 2018-2020. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00580. [PMID: 37571951 PMCID: PMC10422132 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a severe threat to public health everywhere, including the Central Asian region and Kazakhstan. The aim of the study was to conduct an epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection during 2018-2020. STUDY DESIGN A case series study. METHODS A descriptive analysis of national data on registered cases of HIV in Kazakhstan was conducted, and demographic information was collected and studied accordingly. The analysis of the influence of age, period, and cohort was performed using the age-period-cohort method. RESULTS Based on the results, men prevailed (68.5%) among all cases of HIV infection (n=1235). Sexual transmission during heterosexual contact was higher in females (88.9%, P=0.005), and the number of new cases as a result of homosexual contact was higher in men (23.0%, P=0.087). In addition, the parenteral route of HIV transmission cases prevailed among men (27.5%, P=0.001), and intravenous drug administration was more common among males (27.4%, P=0.01). Moreover, 68.5% of men and 33.2% of women had a low therapy adherence. In men, the risk of HIV prevalence increased after 32.5 years (deviation [Dv]: 0.134, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.096 to 0.364). At the age of 37.5 years, there was an increase (Dv: 0.852, 95% CI=0.626 to 1.079) in HIV prevalence. However, no peaks were observed in women. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a rise in the prevalence of HIV infection in Kazakhstan. Men aged 37 and older were identified as the risk category. Eventually, inadequate adherence to treatment was observed in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marat Tukeev
- Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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47
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Yessenbayev D, Khamidullina Z, Tarzhanova D, Orazova G, Zhakupova T, Kassenova D, Bilyalova Z, Igissinova G, Sayakov U, Dzhumabayeva F, Imankulova A, Idrissov K, Urazova S, Omarbekov A, Turebayev D, Adaibayev K, Kozhakhmetov S, Rustemova K, Telmanova Z, Kudaibergenova I, Igissinov N. Epidemiology of Lung Cancer in Kazakhstan: Trends and Geographic Distribution. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1521-1532. [PMID: 37247271 PMCID: PMC10495898 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to study the trends of lung cancer (LC) incidence in the regional context in Kazakhstan. METHODS The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. RESULTS Over the 10 years under study, 36,916 new cases of LC were registered in the country (80.5% - in men and 19.5% - in women). During the studied years the average age of patients was 64.2±0.1 years (95%CI=63.9-64.4). The highest incidence rates per 100,000 in the entire population were found in the age groups 65-69 years (147.6±2.7), 70-74 years (159.3±2.5), and 75-79 years (147.1±3.2). The incidence of LC tended to increase only at the age of 80-84 years (APC=+1.26) and the most pronounced average annual decline rates were observed in the age groups of 45-49 years (APC=-4.09), 50-54 years (APC=-4.20) and 85+ years (APC=-4.07). The average annual standardized incidence rate was 22.2 per 100,000, and in dynamics tended to decrease (APC=-2.04). There is a decrease in incidence in almost all regions, with the exception of the Mangystau region (APC=+1.65). During the compilation of cartograms, incidence rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low - up to 20.6, average - from 20.6 to 25.6, high - above 25.6 per 100,000 for the entire population. CONCLUSION The incidence of lung cancer in Kazakhstan is decreasing. The incidence among the male population is six times higher than among the female, while the rate of decline is more pronounced. The incidence tends to decrease in almost all regions. High rates were found in the northern and eastern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daulet Yessenbayev
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | | | - Galiya Orazova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Dinara Kassenova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zarina Bilyalova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Gulnur Igissinova
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Asel Imankulova
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kaldybay Idrissov
- Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Shymkent Campus, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Urazova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Dulat Turebayev
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairat Adaibayev
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Saken Kozhakhmetov
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kulsara Rustemova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhansaya Telmanova
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Indira Kudaibergenova
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nurbek Igissinov
- Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Toleutayeva D, Shalgumbayeva G, Baibussinova A, Toleutayev T, Zhabagin K, Zhabagina A, Baissalbayeva A. Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1827-1833. [PMID: 37247306 PMCID: PMC10495902 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of quality of life (QOL) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is particularly relevant due to the dynamics of CRC incidence growth. This study aims to assess QOL of patients with CRC in the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to give an idea about the impact of burden on QOL of patients. METHODS A total of 319 patients diagnosed with CRC participated in this one-stage cross-sectional study. The survey was conducted between November 2021 and June 2022 at cancer centers in Kazakhstan. Data were collected using the valid and reliable European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3.0). RESULTS The average age of respondents was 59, 23 (SD=10,604) years. The main age group 50-69 years old accounted for 62.1% of the total sample. Among all ill respondents, 153 (48%) were male and 166 (52%) were female. The mean global health status was 59.24 ± 22.62. Two of the five functional scales were below the ≥66.7% threshold, namely, emotional functioning 61.65 (28.04) and social functioning 61.96 (31.84); while scores for the other three were: physical functioning 69.38 (22.06), role functioning 69.69 (26.45), and cognitive functioning 74.60 (25.07). CONCLUSIONS This study gives an indication of good life functioning among our participants on the functional and symptom scales. However, they reported inadequate global health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Toleutayeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulnar Shalgumbayeva
- Family Medicine, Department of Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Assel Baibussinova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Tolegen Toleutayev
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thorasic Surgery Named by B.S.Bulanov, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Kuantkan Zhabagin
- Deputy Director, Semey Center of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Almagul Zhabagina
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Ainur Baissalbayeva
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Zhanabayev A, Ibrayev B, Lider L, Ussenbayev A, Bissengaliyev R. Epizootic situation on horse helminthiases in the northern region of Kazakhstan. Vet Ital 2023; 59:11-22. [PMID: 37994639 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2740.17604.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The research relevance is predefined by the widespread distribution of parasitosis, including helminthiases, alongside constant depasture on the same areas of pastures, which annually causes massive re‑infection of horses. In this regard, the research aims to identify the age, seasonal, and territorial dynamics of infection of horses with helminthiases in the context of the districts of the northern region of Kazakhstan. The primary research method was an experimental analysis that allowing to consider the dynamics and causes of horse helminthiases, associated with the prepatent period, the resistance of the organism, and the system of keeping and feeding horses. The study presents the results of studies of horse helminthiases on the territory of the Northern region of Kazakhstan, covering 4 regions that currently exist in 61 agricultural formations. Faecal samples of 4,395 horses were examined by scatological methods and 126 samples - by incomplete helminthological autopsy. As a result of coprolarvoscopic and coprological studies, it was found that in horses, the dominant representatives among the invasive larvae of strongylates are small and large palisade worms. In scatological studies, strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract was recorded in 63.9% of cases, oxyurosis in 40.8%, and parascariasis in 25.9%. The study also presents the results of post‑mortem diagnostics, which was carried out during the slaughter or due to the death of the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylbek Zhanabayev
- epartment of Veterinary Medicine, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Baltabek Ibrayev
- epartment of Veterinary Medicine, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lyudmila Lider
- epartment of Veterinary Medicine, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Altay Ussenbayev
- epartment of Veterinary Medicine, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Roman Bissengaliyev
- epartment of Veterinary Medicine, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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50
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Nikiforov V, Shcherbakov A, Chvala I, Kremenchugskaya S, Korennoy F, Mayorova T, Timina A, Tyulegenov S, Abdrakhmanov S, Berdikulov M, Sainnokhoi T, Gombo-Ochir D, Tserenchimed T, Prokhvatilova L, Sprygin A. Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030598. [PMID: 36992307 PMCID: PMC10056362 DOI: 10.3390/v15030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has long been recognized as a highly contagious, transboundary disease of livestock incurring substantial losses and burdens to animal production and trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the recent emergence of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage globally contributing to the expansion of FMD, molecular epidemiological investigations help in tracing the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) across endemic and newly affected regions. In this work, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the recent FMDV incursions in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in 2021–2022 were due to the virus belonging to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage, belonging to the cluster from Cambodian FMDV isolates. The studied isolates varied by 1.0–4.0% at the VP1 nucleotide level. Vaccine matching tests indicated that the vaccination policy in the subregion should be tailored according to the peculiarities of the ongoing epidemiologic situation. The current vaccination should change from such vaccine strains as O1 Manisa (ME–SA), O no 2102/Zabaikalsky/2010 (O/ME-SA/Mya-98) (r1 = 0.05–0.28) to strains that most closely antigenically match the dominant lineage O No. 2212/Primorsky/2014 (O O/ME-SA//Mya-98) and O No. 2311/Zabaikalsky/2016 (O ME-SA/Ind-2001) (r1 = 0.66–1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilya Chvala
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | | | - Fedor Korennoy
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | | | - Anna Timina
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
| | - Samat Tyulegenov
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Sprygin
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir 600901, Russia
- Correspondence:
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