1
|
Szawaryn K. The first fossil Microweiseini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from the Eocene of Europe and its significance for the reconstruction of the evolution of ladybird beetles. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecular studies on the evolution of ladybird beetles date their origin somewhere in the Cretaceous, but no fossils are known from that period. The oldest representatives come from the Eocene, with the richest diversity found in Baltic amber. Until now, representatives of only three tribes (from around 40 known) have been recognized. Recent investigation of Baltic amber have revealed representatives of the fourth tribe (Microweiseini), which are described here as Baltosidis gen. nov. with three new species: B. damgaardi sp. nov., B. damzeni sp. nov. and B. szadziewskii sp. nov. In order to test the systematic placement of this extinct genus, a phylogenetic analysis of Microweiseinae was conducted. The results place Baltosidis in a cluster with four modern genera of Microweiseini distributed exclusively in the New World. Such a distribution pattern is surprising because no close relatives of the newly described fossil genus are known from Europe or even from the Palaearctic region. Analysis of the distribution of Microweiseini genera leads to the conclusion of a possible Gondwanan origin of the tribe. Further comparison of the diversity of the ladybird beetles from modern ecosystems with those known from Baltic amber suggests substantial differences between these communities and a recent radiation of modern fauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szawaryn
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szawaryn K, Nedvěd O, Biranvand A, Czerwiński T, Nattier R. Revision of the genus Coccidula Kugelann (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Zookeys 2021; 1043:61-85. [PMID: 34163295 PMCID: PMC8213682 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1043.65829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Coccidula Kugelann includes five species distributed in the Holarctic, with one species in North America and four in Palearctic region. Coccidula belongs to the tribe Coccidulini which historically was treated as a separate subfamily within ladybird beetles, but recent studies confirmed its placement as a tribe within the broadly defined subfamily Coccinellinae. All species are revised and a new synonymy of Lithophilusnaviauxi Duverger with C.litophiloides Reitter is proposed. Light and electron microscopy pictures support morphological descriptions. An identification key to all species is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szawaryn
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa Poland
| | - Oldřich Nedvěd
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Amir Biranvand
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Islamic Azad University Shiraz Iran
| | - Tomasz Czerwiński
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa Poland
| | - Romain Nattier
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France Sorbonne Université Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li HS, Tang XF, Huang YH, Xu ZY, Chen ML, Du XY, Qiu BY, Chen PT, Zhang W, Ślipiński A, Escalona HE, Waterhouse RM, Zwick A, Pang H. Horizontally acquired antibacterial genes associated with adaptive radiation of ladybird beetles. BMC Biol 2021; 19:7. [PMID: 33446206 PMCID: PMC7807722 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been documented in many herbivorous insects, conferring the ability to digest plant material and promoting their remarkable ecological diversification. Previous reports suggest HGT of antibacterial enzymes may have contributed to the insect immune response and limit bacterial growth. Carnivorous insects also display many evolutionary successful lineages, but in contrast to the plant feeders, the potential role of HGTs has been less well-studied. RESULTS Using genomic and transcriptomic data from 38 species of ladybird beetles, we identified a set of bacterial cell wall hydrolase (cwh) genes acquired by this group of beetles. Infection with Bacillus subtilis led to upregulated expression of these ladybird cwh genes, and their recombinantly produced proteins limited bacterial proliferation. Moreover, RNAi-mediated cwh knockdown led to downregulation of other antibacterial genes, indicating a role in antibacterial immune defense. cwh genes are rare in eukaryotes, but have been maintained in all tested Coccinellinae species, suggesting that this putative immune-related HGT event played a role in the evolution of this speciose subfamily of predominant predatory ladybirds. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates that, in a manner analogous to HGT-facilitated plant feeding, enhanced immunity through HGT might have played a key role in the prey adaptation and niche expansion that promoted the diversification of carnivorous beetle lineages. We believe that this represents the first example of immune-related HGT in carnivorous insects with an association with a subsequent successful species radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xue-Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ze-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mei-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- School of Environment and Life Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Xue-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pei-Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hermes E Escalona
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zwick
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences / School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Che L, Zhang P, Deng S, Escalona HE, Wang X, Li Y, Pang H, Vandenberg N, Ślipiński A, Tomaszewska W, Liang D. New insights into the phylogeny and evolution of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) by extensive sampling of genes and species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 156:107045. [PMID: 33352317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ladybirds (family Coccinellidae) are one of the most diverse groups of beetles and globally comprise over 6000 species. Despite their scientific and economic significance, the taxonomy of Coccinellidae remains unstable, and we still know little about their evolutionary history. By using a small number of genes, previous phylogenetic analyses have not reliably resolved the relationships among major ladybird lineages. In this study, we sequenced 94 nuclear protein-coding genes for 214 species of Coccinellidae and 14 outgroups, covering 90 genera and 35 tribes. We found that nucleotide compositional heterogeneity is present among ladybird tribes so that phylogenetic inference at the amino acid level is more reliable than at the DNA level. Based on the maximum likelihood analyses of the amino acid dataset, we recognize three subfamilies in Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae, Monocoryninae stat. nov., and Coccinellinae. The subfamily relationships are strongly supported as (Microweiseinae, (Monocoryninae stat. nov., Coccinellinae)). The tribes of ladybirds are mostly monophyletic, except Ortaliini, Sticholotidini, Scymnini, and Coccidulini. The phylogenetic relationships among tribes of Coccinellinae are still not well resolved, with many nodes weakly supported. Our divergence time analysis suggests that the crown group of extant lady beetles arose in the Early Cretaceous ~ 143 million years ago (Mya) and experienced a rapid diversification during the Late Cretaceous (120-70 Mya). We hypothesize that the boom of angiosperms in the Late Cretaceous promoted the diversification of herbivorous Sternorrhyncha insects, especially aphids, which in turn drove the rapid radiation of predatory lady beetles. In summary, our work provides a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of Coccinellidae that provides a sound framework for revising their classification and understanding the origin of their biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LiHeng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShaoHong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hermes E Escalona
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province; Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hong Pang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Natalia Vandenberg
- Systematic Entomology Lab, Agricultural Research Service, USDA c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wioletta Tomaszewska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warszawa 00-679, Poland.
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang W, Xie X, Peng F, Liang X, Wang X, Chen X. Optimizing the widely used nuclear protein-coding gene primers in beetle phylogenies and their application in the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7731-7738. [PMID: 32760560 PMCID: PMC7391345 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic biology and the increasing availability of genomic resources allow developing hundreds of nuclear protein-coding (NPC) markers, which can be used in phylogenetic research. However, for low taxonomic levels, it may be more practical to select a handful of suitable molecular loci for phylogenetic inference. Unfortunately, the presence of degenerate primers of NPC markers can be a major impediment, as the amplification success rate is low and they tend to amplify nontargeted regions. In this study, we optimized five NPC fragments widely used in beetle phylogenetics (i.e., two parts of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase: CADXM and CADMC, Topoisomerase, Wingless and Pepck) by reducing the degenerate site of primers and the length of target genes slightly. These five NPC fragments and 6 other molecular loci were amplified to test the monophyly of the coccinellid genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg. The analysis of our molecular data set clearly supported the genus Sasajiscymnus may be monophyletic but confirmation with an extended sampling is required. A fossil-calibrated chronogram was generated by BEAST, indicating an origin of the genus at the end of the Cretaceous (77.87 Myr). Furthermore, a phylogenetic informativeness profile was generated to compare the phylogenetic properties of each gene more explicitly. The results showed that COI provides the strongest phylogenetic signal among all the genes, but Pepck, Topoisomerase, CADXM and CADMC are also relatively informative. Our results provide insight into the evolution of the genus Sasajiscymnus, and also enrich the molecular data resources for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmDepartment of Forest ProtectionCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong ProvinceEngineering Research Center of BiocontrolMinistry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiufeng Xie
- Guangdong Agriculture Industry Business Polytechnic CollegeGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmDepartment of Forest ProtectionCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmDepartment of Forest ProtectionCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong ProvinceEngineering Research Center of BiocontrolMinistry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhouChina
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong ProvinceEngineering Research Center of BiocontrolMinistry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaosheng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmDepartment of Forest ProtectionCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong ProvinceEngineering Research Center of BiocontrolMinistry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|