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Tangestani H, Jamshidi A, Yari Z, Jalaliyan Z, Ghalandari H, Hekmatdoost A, Rashvand S, Mohammadi Baghmolae A, Emamat H. Association between dietary calcium to Phosphorus Ratio and the odds of ulcerative colitis: A case-control study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27556. [PMID: 38500985 PMCID: PMC10945169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent, inflammatory, autoimmune intestinal disease. The dietary calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio is suggested to affect the inividuals' normal metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary Ca:P ratio and the odds of developing UC in a case-control format. Methods The study included sixty-two currently diagnosed UC patients and one hundred twenty-four matched controls, designed as a case-control study. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the dietary Ca:P ratio was calculated. The association between tertiles of Ca:P ratio and UC was examined using the logistic regression. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant. Results The study sample consisted of participants with an average age of 36.63 ± 12.42 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.39 ± 3.82 kg/m2. The overall energy-adjusted ratio of Ca:P was 0.74 ± 0.11. In the multivariate model, after adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the third tertile of dietary Ca:P ratio had a lower odds of developing UC compared to the lowest tertlie (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.87; p = 0.026). Conclusion Our results indicate that a higher ratio of dietary Ca:P ratio might be protective against developing UC. However, further studies are warranted to examine this association in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rashvand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Emamat
- Department of Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Hamid AK, Pastor Arroyo EM, Calvet C, Hewitson TD, Muscalu ML, Schnitzbauer U, Smith ER, Wagner CA, Egli-Spichtig D. Phosphate Restriction Prevents Metabolic Acidosis and Curbs Rise in FGF23 and Mortality in Murine Folic Acid-Induced AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:261-280. [PMID: 38189228 PMCID: PMC10914210 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patients with AKI suffer a staggering mortality rate of approximately 30%. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and phosphate (P i ) rise rapidly after the onset of AKI and have both been independently associated with ensuing morbidity and mortality. This study demonstrates that dietary P i restriction markedly diminished the early rise in plasma FGF23 and prevented the rise in plasma P i , parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol in mice with folic acid-induced AKI (FA-AKI). Furthermore, the study provides evidence for P i -sensitive osseous Fgf23 mRNA expression and reveals that P i restriction mitigated calciprotein particles (CPPs) formation, inflammation, acidosis, cardiac electrical disturbances, and mortality in mice with FA-AKI. These findings suggest that P i restriction may have a prophylactic potential in patients at risk for AKI. BACKGROUND In AKI, plasma FGF23 and P i rise rapidly and are independently associated with disease severity and outcome. METHODS The effects of normal (NP) and low (LP) dietary P i were investigated in mice with FA-AKI after 3, 24, and 48 hours and 14 days. RESULTS After 24 hours of AKI, the LP diet curbed the rise in plasma FGF23 and prevented that of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol as well as of osseous but not splenic or thymic Fgf23 mRNA expression. The absence of Pth prevented the rise in calcitriol and reduced the elevation of FGF23 in FA-AKI with the NP diet. Furthermore, the LP diet attenuated the rise in renal and plasma IL-6 and mitigated the decline in renal α -Klotho. After 48 hours, the LP diet further dampened renal IL-6 expression and resulted in lower urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. In addition, the LP diet prevented the increased formation of CPPs. Fourteen days after AKI induction, the LP diet group maintained less elevated plasma FGF23 levels and had greater survival than the NP diet group. This was associated with prevention of metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and cardiac electrical disturbances. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals P i -sensitive FGF23 expression in the bone but not in the thymus or spleen in FA-AKI and demonstrates that P i restriction mitigates CPP formation, inflammation, acidosis, and mortality in this model. These results suggest that dietary P i restriction could have prophylactic potential in patients at risk for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kamal Hamid
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Maria Pastor Arroyo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Calvet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (ZIRP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy D. Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Australia
| | - Maria Lavinia Muscalu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Schnitzbauer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward R. Smith
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Australia
| | - Carsten Alexander Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Egli-Spichtig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
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Oda N, Sugihara K, Uebanso T, Ohminami H, Ohnishi K, Masuda M, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Taketani Y. Dietary phosphate disturbs of gut microbiome in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:221-227. [PMID: 37970557 PMCID: PMC10636580 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorder of phosphate metabolism is a common pathological condition in chronic kidney disease patients. Excessive intake of dietary phosphate deteriorates chronic kidney disease and various complications including cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Recent reports have demonstrated that gut microbiome disturbance is associated with both the etiology and progression of chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between dietary phosphate and gut microbiome remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of excessive intake of phosphate on gut microbiome. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either control diet or high phosphate diet for eight weeks. Analysis of the gut microbiota was carried out using MiSeq next generation sequencer, and short-chain fatty acids were determined with GC-MS. In analysis of gut microbiota, significantly increased in Erysipelotrichaceae and decreased in Ruminococcaceae were observed in high phosphate diet group. Furthermore, high phosphate diet induced reduction of microbial diversity and decreased mRNA levels of colonic tight junction markers. These results suggest that the excessive intake of dietary phosphate disturbs gut microbiota and affects intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Oda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Sugihara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Vissers E, Wellens J, Sabino J. Ultra-processed foods as a possible culprit for the rising prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1058373. [PMID: 36419796 PMCID: PMC9676654 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1058373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. It is believed that IBD develops in response to a complex interaction between the microbiota, environmental factors, and the immune system, in genetically predisposed individuals. Identifying these environmental factors will offer more insight in the development of the disease, and reveal new therapeutic targets for IBD patients. One of the environmental factors that has gained more interest over the last years is our diet. The prevalence of IBD has increased significantly and this increase is thought to be associated with a ‘Western diet', characterized by high intake of fats, added sugar, meat, and ultra-processed foods (UPFs). The UPFs now account for almost 50% of the energy intake in Westernized countries and are therefore an important characteristic of this Western diet. UPFs are characterized by higher amounts of salt, fat, sugar and the presence of different food additives. Epidemiological studies have found associations between UPF intake and a range of non-communicable diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that non-nutritive ingredients and additives, present in UPFs, can negatively affect different components of the intestinal barrier, such as the microbiota, the mucus layer, the epithelium, and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Disruption of this barrier can cause the immune system to encounter an increased bacterial exposure, leading to an aberrant immune response. In this article, the available evidence on the possible role of UPFs and their components in the increasing incidence and prevalence of IBD is reviewed. These findings can be translated to the clinic and may be helpful to consider when giving dietary advice to IBD patients. A better understanding of the role of UPFs may lead to less restrictive diets for patients with IBD, hence increasing the dietary compliance and efficacy of exclusion diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vissers
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Wellens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: João Sabino
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5
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Application of the Clustering Technique to Multiple Nutritional Factors Related to Inflammation and Disease Progression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193960. [PMID: 36235613 PMCID: PMC9572297 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutritional status affect intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to use a cluster analysis to assess structural similarity between different groups of parameters including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in stool as well as hematological and inflammatory parameters (such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines). We also assessed similarity between IBD patients in terms of various biochemical features of disease activity and nutritional status. A total of 48 participants were enrolled, including 36 patients with IBD and 12 controls. We identified four main meaningful clusters of parameters. The first cluster included all SCFAs with strong mutual correlations. The second cluster contained red blood cell parameters and albumin levels. The third cluster included proinflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-α, CRP, platelets, and phosphoric, succinic, and lactic acids. The final cluster revealed an association between zonulin and interleukins IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22. Moreover, we observed an inverse correlation between IL-6 and body mass index. Our findings suggest a link between nutritional status, diet, and inflammatory parameters in patients with IBD, which contribute to a better adjustment of the nutritional treatment.
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6
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Hanudel MR, Czaya B, Wong S, Jung G, Chua K, Qiao B, Gabayan V, Ganz T. Renoprotective effects of ferric citrate in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6695. [PMID: 35461329 PMCID: PMC9035171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn chronic kidney disease, ferric citrate has been shown to be an effective phosphate binder and source of enteral iron; however, the effects of ferric citrate on the kidney have been less well-studied. Here, in Col4α3 knockout mice—a murine model of progressive chronic kidney disease, we evaluated the effects of five weeks of 1% ferric citrate dietary supplementation. As expected, ferric citrate lowered serum phosphate concentrations and increased serum iron levels in the Col4α3 knockout mice. Consistent with decreased enteral phosphate absorption and possibly improved iron status, ferric citrate greatly reduced circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. Interestingly, ferric citrate also lessened systemic inflammation, improved kidney function, reduced albuminuria, and decreased kidney inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting renoprotective effects of ferric citrate in the setting of chronic kidney disease. The factors mediating possible ferric citrate renoprotection, the mechanisms by which they may act, and whether ferric citrate affects chronic kidney disease progression in humans deserves further study.
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7
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Czaya B, Heitman K, Campos I, Yanucil C, Kentrup D, Westbrook D, Gutierrez O, Babitt JL, Jung G, Salusky IB, Hanudel M, Faul C. Hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to exacerbate anemia and skeletal muscle wasting independently of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling. eLife 2022; 11:74782. [PMID: 35302487 PMCID: PMC8963881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in plasma phosphate concentrations (hyperphosphatemia) occur in chronic kidney disease (CKD), in certain genetic disorders, and following the intake of a phosphate-rich diet. Whether hyperphosphatemia and/or associated changes in metabolic regulators, including elevations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) directly contribute to specific complications of CKD is uncertain. Here, we report that similar to patients with CKD, mice with adenine-induced CKD develop inflammation, anemia, and skeletal muscle wasting. These complications are also observed in mice fed high phosphate diet even without CKD. Ablation of pathologic FGF23-FGFR4 signaling did not protect mice on an increased phosphate diet or mice with adenine-induced CKD from these sequelae. However, low phosphate diet ameliorated anemia and skeletal muscle wasting in a genetic mouse model of CKD. Our mechanistic in vitro studies indicate that phosphate elevations induce inflammatory signaling and increase hepcidin expression in hepatocytes, a potential causative link between hyperphosphatemia, anemia, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Our study suggests that high phosphate intake, as caused by the consumption of processed food, may have harmful effects irrespective of pre-existing kidney injury, supporting not only the clinical utility of treating hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients but also arguing for limiting phosphate intake in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Isaac Campos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Christopher Yanucil
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - David Westbrook
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Orlando Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mark Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
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8
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Gkikas K, Logan M, Nichols B, Ijaz UZ, Clark CM, Svolos V, Gervais L, Duncan H, Garrick V, Curtis L, Buchanan E, Cardigan T, Armstrong L, Delahunty C, Flynn DM, Barclay AR, Tayler R, Milling S, Hansen R, Russell RK, Gerasimidis K. Dietary triggers of gut inflammation following exclusive enteral nutrition in children with Crohn's disease: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34861829 PMCID: PMC8642954 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on the gut of children with Crohn’s disease is rapidly lost after food reintroduction. This study assessed disease dietary triggers following successful treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. Methods Nutrient intake, dietary patterns and dietary biomarkers in faeces (gluten immunogenic peptides, undigestible starch, short chain fatty acids) were assessed in 14 children with Crohn’s disease during early food reintroduction, following exclusive enteral nutrition. Groups above (Group A) and below (Group B) the median levels of faecal calprotectin after food reintroduction were assigned for comparative analysis. Results Intakes of fibre, gluten-containing cereals and red and processed meat were significantly higher in Group A than Group B; (median [Q1, Q3], g/day; Fibre: 12.1 [11.2, 19.9] vs. 9.9 [7.6, 12.1], p = 0.03; Red and processed meat: 151 [66.7, 190] vs. 63.3 [21.7, 67], p = 0.02; gluten-containing cereals: 289 [207, 402] vs. 203 [61, 232], p = 0.035). A diet consisting of cereals and meat products was predictive (92% accuracy) of higher faecal calprotectin levels after food reintroduction. In faeces, butyrate levels, expressed as absolute concentration and relative abundance, were higher in Group A than Group B by 28.4 µmol/g (p = 0.015) and 6.4% (p = 0.008), respectively. Levels of gluten immunogenic peptide and starch in faeces did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions This pilot study identified potential dietary triggers of gut inflammation in children with Crohn’s disease after food reintroduction following treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. Trial registration: Clinical trials.gov registration number: NCT02341248; Clinical trials.gov URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02341248 (retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02029-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkikas
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Logan
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare M Clark
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vaios Svolos
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hazel Duncan
- Department of Paediatrics, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Buchanan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracey Cardigan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Diana M Flynn
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew R Barclay
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Brown RB. Stress, inflammation, depression, and dementia associated with phosphate toxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9921-9929. [PMID: 33226563 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression and dementia are predicted to increase within aging global populations. Pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity, dysregulated amounts of accumulated phosphorus in body tissue, are under-investigated in association with stress, inflammation, depression, and dementia. A comparative analysis of concepts in cited sources from the research literature was used to synthesize novel themes exploring the disease-oriented neuroscience effects of phosphate toxicity. Phosphate toxicity is associated with activation of cellular stress response systems and inflammation. Cortisol released by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to stress and inflammation associated with phosphate toxicity and depression. In a reciprocal interaction, phosphate toxicity is capable of harming adrenal gland function, possibly leading to adrenal insufficiency and depression. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease is associated with hyperphosphorylated tau which self-assembles into neurofibrillary tangles from excessive amounts of phosphate in the brain and central nervous system. Future research should investigate dietary phosphate modification to reduce potential pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity in stress, inflammation, depression, and cognitive decline which affects global populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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10
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Sugiyama T, Sasaki M, Nakagawa S, Inoue S, Adachi K, Yoshimine T, Yamaguchi Y, Tamura Y, Izawa S, Hijikata Y, Ebi M, Mizuno M, Yamamoto S, Funaki Y, Ogasawara N, Goto C, Kasugai K. The association among enterobacterial flora, dietary factors, and prognosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:152-157. [PMID: 32231412 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of enterobacterial flora in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases is a topic of considerable interest. Here, we assessed the association among enterobacterial flora, dietary factors, and ulcerative colitis (UC) progression. Forty-six patients with UC who were diagnosed as being in remission were enrolled. We collected each patient's stool sample one or two days before diagnostic colonoscopy. After colonoscopy, we observed the patients for one year and then retrospectively divided them into two groups: remission (n = 39) and relapse (n = 7) groups, depending on whether the relapse occurred during the follow-up period, and analyzed the relationship among patient characteristics, dietary factors, enterobacterial flora, and UC relapse. Overall, there were no significant differences in bacterial community populations between the remission and relapse groups, except that the order Lactobacillales was detected at a significantly higher rate in the relapse than in the remission group (100% vs 71.4%, p<0.05). Vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the remission than in the relapse group (p<0.05). Although there were no obvious differences in enterobacterial flora between the remission and relapse groups, there was a relationship among enterobacterial flora, diet, and UC progression. Given that the enterobacterial flora was only analyzed at the initiation of the study, we conclude that in future analyses, enterobacterial flora should be sampled at numerous time points to examine its role in UC progression. Further long-term longitudinal studies examining enterobacterial flora, dietary factors, and UC progression are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazunori Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shinya Izawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hijikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mari Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasushi Funaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, 365 Maeda, Inazawa-city, Inazawa, Aichi 492-8520, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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11
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Brown RB. Potential interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia in tumorigenesis. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3909-3916. [PMID: 31729262 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article proposes that the association of inflammation with cancer is potentially mediated by the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia. Hyperemia increases blood flow rate and blood volume, and hyperphosphatemia is caused by elevated serum levels of dysregulated inorganic phosphate. It is hypothesized that the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia circulates increased amounts of inorganic phosphate to the tumor microenvironment, where increased uptake of inorganic phosphate through sodium-phosphate cotransporters is sequestered in cells. Elevated levels of intracellular phosphorus increase biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA, leading to increased protein synthesis that supports tumor growth. The present article also proposes that the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia may help explain a chemopreventive mechanism associated with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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12
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Kim SE. Importance of nutritional therapy in the management of intestinal diseases: beyond energy and nutrient supply. Intest Res 2019; 17:443-454. [PMID: 31474088 PMCID: PMC6821938 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is an immune-microbiome-epithelial complex. Gut microbiome-host interactions have widespread biological implications, and the role of this complex system extends beyond the digestion of food and nutrient absorption. Dietary nutrients can affect this complex and play a key role in determining gut homeostasis to maintain host health. In this article, we review various dietary nutrients and their contribution to the pathogenesis and treatment of various intestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, and diverticulitis, among other such disorders. A better understanding of diet-host-gut microbiome interactions is essential to provide beneficial nutrients for gut health and to limit nutritional hazards to ensure successful nutritional management of gastrointestinal conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Inflammation and Anemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174195. [PMID: 31461904 PMCID: PMC6747522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), adverse outcomes such as systemic inflammation and anemia are contributing pathologies which increase the risks for cardiovascular mortality. Amongst these complications, abnormalities in mineral metabolism and the metabolic milieu are associated with chronic inflammation and iron dysregulation, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk factor in this context. FGF23 is a bone-derived hormone that is essential for regulating vitamin D and phosphate homeostasis. In the early stages of CKD, serum FGF23 levels rise 1000-fold above normal values in an attempt to maintain normal phosphate levels. Despite this compensatory action, clinical CKD studies have demonstrated powerful and dose-dependent associations between FGF23 levels and higher risks for mortality. A prospective pathomechanism coupling elevated serum FGF23 levels with CKD-associated anemia and cardiovascular injury is its strong association with chronic inflammation. In this review, we will examine the current experimental and clinical evidence regarding the role of FGF23 in renal physiology as well as in the pathophysiology of CKD with an emphasis on chronic inflammation and anemia.
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14
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Food Additives: To Add Fuel on the Flames! Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051111. [PMID: 31109097 PMCID: PMC6567822 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) develop in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. IBDs are concomitant conditions of industrialized societies, and diet is a potential culprit. Consumption of ultra-processed food has increased over the last decade in industrialized countries, and epidemiological studies have found associations between ultra-processed food consumption and chronic diseases. Further studies are now required to identify the potential culprit in ultra-processed food, such as a poor nutritional composition or the presence of food additives. In our review, we will focus on food additives, i.e., substances from packaging in contact with food, and compounds formed during production, processing, and storage. A literature search using PubMed from inception to January 2019 was performed to identify relevant studies on diet and/or food additive and their role in IBDs. Manuscripts published in English from basic science, epidemiological studies, or clinical trials were selected and reviewed. We found numerous experimental studies highlighting the key role of food additives in IBD exacerbation but epidemiological studies on food additives on IBD risk are still limited. As diet is a modifiable environmental risk factor, this may offer a scientific rationale for providing dietary advice for IBD patients.
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15
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Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development-an Evolutionary Perspective. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00355-19. [PMID: 31088923 PMCID: PMC6520449 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00355-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. We propose that adaptation has led to fine-tuned host-microbe interactions, which are maintained by secreted host metabolites nourishing the associated microbes. A constant elevation of nutrients in the gut environment leads to an increased activity and changed functionality of the microbiota, thus severely disturbing host-microbe interactions and leading to dysbiosis and disease development. In the past, starvation and pathogen infections, causing diarrhea, were common incidences that reset the gut bacterial community to its “human-specific-baseline.” However, these natural clearing mechanisms have been virtually eradicated in developed countries, allowing a constant uncontrolled growth of bacteria. This leads to an increase of bacterial products that stimulate the immune system and ultimately might initiate inflammatory reactions.
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16
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Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040931. [PMID: 31027194 PMCID: PMC6521024 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogeography of inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) suggests a proximal to distal concentration gradient of a toxin. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been considered one such toxin candidate, and dietary sulfur along with the abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were considered the primary determinants of H2S production and clinical course of UC. The metabolic milieu in the lumen of the colon, however, is the result of a multitude of factors beyond dietary sulfur intake and SRB abundance. Here we present an updated formulation of the H2S toxin hypothesis for UC pathogenesis, which strives to incorporate the interdependency of diet composition and the metabolic activity of the entire colon microbial community. Specifically, we suggest that the increasing severity of inflammation along the proximal-to-distal axis in UC is due to the dilution of beneficial factors, concentration of toxic factors, and changing detoxification capacity of the host, all of which are intimately linked to the nutrient flow from the diet.
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17
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Sonoyama H, Kawashima K, Ishihara S, Kotani S, Fukuba N, Oka A, Kusunoki R, Tada Y, Mishima Y, Oshima N, Moriyama I, Yuki T, Onishi K, Kinoshita Y. Capabilities of fecal calprotectin and blood biomarkers as surrogate endoscopic markers according to ulcerative colitis disease type. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:265-270. [PMID: 31138962 PMCID: PMC6529695 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal calprotectin level in ulcerative colitis patients is correlated with endoscopic findings. However, its association with various ulcerative colitis disease types has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the correlation of fecal calprotectin level with endoscopic findings as compared to blood biomarkers according to ulcerative colitis disease type. Fecal calprotectin as well as the blood biomarkers: C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin, platelet count (PLT), and serum albumin (Alb) were measured in patients who underwent a complete colonoscopy. Disease type was divided into proctitis, left-sided colitis, and extensive colitis. Correlations of fecal calprotectin and blood biomarker levels with Mayo endoscopic subscore were analyzed. A total of 186 colonoscopy examinations were performed in 124 patients with ulcerative colitis. Fecal calprotectin level showed a significant correlation with Mayo endoscopic subscore regardless of disease type (proctitis, r = 0.54, p<0.01; left-sided colitis, r = 0.75, p<0.01; extensive colitis, r = 0.78, p<0.01), and clearly discriminated inactive (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0) from active stages (Mayo endoscopic subscore 1–3). On the other hand, none of the examined blood biomarkers showed a correlation with Mayo endoscopic subscore in the proctitis group, while weak correlations of several biomarkers (CRP, WBC, ESR, PLT and Alb) with Mayo endoscopic subscore were found in left-sided colitis and extensive colitis cases. This is the first report to elucidate the capabilities of fecal calprotectin and blood biomarkers as endoscopic surrogate markers according to ulcerative colitis disease type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sonoyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kousaku Kawashima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kotani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Fukuba
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Kusunoki
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Tada
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Moriyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.,Cancer Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yuki
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Onishi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Matsue Seikyo General Hospital, 8-8-8 Nishitsuda, Matsue, Shimane 690-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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18
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Sugihara K, Morhardt TL, Kamada N. The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3183. [PMID: 30697218 PMCID: PMC6340967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD remains incompletely understood, accumulating evidence suggests that various environmental factors, including dietary nutrients, contribute to its pathogenesis. Dietary nutrients are known to have an impact on host physiology and diseases. The interactions between dietary nutrients and intestinal immunity are complex. Dietary nutrients directly regulate the immuno-modulatory function of gut-resident immune cells. Likewise, dietary nutrients shape the composition of the gut microbiota. Therefore, a well-balanced diet is crucial for good health. In contrast, the relationships among dietary nutrients, host immunity and/or the gut microbiota may be perturbed in the context of IBD. Genetic predispositions and gut dysbiosis may affect the utilization of dietary nutrients. Moreover, the metabolism of nutrients in host cells and the gut microbiota may be altered by intestinal inflammation, thereby increasing or decreasing the demand for certain nutrients necessary for the maintenance of immune and microbial homeostasis. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the role dietary nutrients play in the development and the treatment of IBD, focusing on the interplay among dietary nutrients, the gut microbiota and host immune cells. We also discuss alterations in the nutritional metabolism of the gut microbiota and host cells in IBD that can influence the outcome of nutritional intervention. A better understanding of the diet-host-microbiota interactions may lead to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tina L Morhardt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Kikut J, Konecka N, Ziętek M, Szczuko M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Etiology: Current Knowledge. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of unclear etiology. The inflammatory bowel diseases incidence is continuously observed to rise. Colon inflammatory response is a physiological process which occurrence is indispensable as an organisms’ defense reaction. The inflammation may be caused by internal factors associated with body’s cells as well as external factors, such as infections and exposition for inflammatory agents. Until recently, IBD have been classified as autoimmune diseases, today they seem to be associated with gut barrier disorders or dysbiosis. Factors that predispose to inflammatory bowel diseases include: genetic factors, dysbiosis and so called western-type diet, natural components such as gluten and lactose. In addition, the development of the disease is favored by: cigarette smoking, phosphate, nanomolecules, sodium chloride, emulgents, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, pollution, maltodextrin. IBD affects whole the body, causing serious medical consequences. Symptoms like anxiety and chronic stress, that occur commonly, can lead to depressive disorders. Quantitative and qualitative dietary deficiency caused by absorption disorders, may promote the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. In addition, dysbiosis coexisting with alterations in intestinal permeability can lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IBD medical consequences include also systemic complications, associated with the extra gastrointestinal manifestations’ occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kikut
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Poland
| | - Nina Konecka
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistic, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Poland
| | - Maciej Ziętek
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Departament of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Poland
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