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Chanchlani N, Lin S, Auth MK, Lee CL, Robbins H, Looi S, Murugesan SV, Riley T, Preston C, Stephenson S, Cardozo W, Sonwalkar SA, Allah‐Ditta M, Mansfield L, Durai D, Baker M, London I, London E, Gupta S, Di Mambro A, Murphy A, Gaynor E, Jones KDJ, Claridge A, Sebastian S, Ramachandran S, Selinger CP, Borg‐Bartolo SP, Knight P, Sprakes MB, Burton J, Kane P, Lupton S, Fletcher A, Gaya DR, Colbert R, Seenan JP, MacDonald J, Lynch L, McLachlan I, Shields S, Hansen R, Gervais L, Jere M, Akhtar M, Black K, Henderson P, Russell RK, Lees CW, Derikx LAAP, Lockett M, Betteridge F, De Silva A, Hussenbux A, Beckly J, Bendall O, Hart JW, Thomas A, Hamilton B, Gordon C, Chee D, McDonald TJ, Nice R, Parkinson M, Gardner‐Thorpe H, Butterworth JR, Javed A, Al‐Shakhshir S, Yadagiri R, Maher S, Pollok RCG, Ng T, Appiahene P, Donovan F, Lok J, Chandy R, Jagdish R, Baig D, Mahmood Z, Marsh L, Moss A, Abdulgader A, Kitchin A, Walker GJ, George B, Lim Y, Gulliver J, Bloom S, Theaker H, Carlson S, Cummings JRF, Livingstone R, Beale A, Carter JO, Bell A, Coulter A, Snook J, Stone H, Kennedy NA, Goodhand JR, Ahmad T. Implications for sequencing of biologic therapy and choice of second anti-TNF in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from the IMmunogenicity to Second Anti-TNF therapy (IMSAT) therapeutic drug monitoring study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1250-1263. [PMID: 36039036 PMCID: PMC9804266 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-drug antibodies are associated with treatment failure to anti-TNF agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To assess whether immunogenicity to a patient's first anti-TNF agent would be associated with immunogenicity to the second, irrespective of drug sequence METHODS: We conducted a UK-wide, multicentre, retrospective cohort study to report rates of immunogenicity and treatment failure of second anti-TNF therapies in 1058 patients with IBD who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring for both infliximab and adalimumab. The primary outcome was immunogenicity to the second anti-TNF agent, defined at any timepoint as an anti-TNF antibody concentration ≥9 AU/ml for infliximab and ≥6 AU/ml for adalimumab. RESULTS In patients treated with infliximab and then adalimumab, those who developed antibodies to infliximab were more likely to develop antibodies to adalimumab, than patients who did not develop antibodies to infliximab (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.27-3.20, p = 0.002). Similarly, in patients treated with adalimumab and then infliximab, immunogenicity to adalimumab was associated with subsequent immunogenicity to infliximab (OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.46-4.80, p < 0.001). For each 10-fold increase in anti-infliximab and anti-adalimumab antibody concentration, the odds of subsequently developing antibodies to adalimumab and infliximab increased by 1.73 (95% CI 1.38-2.17, p < 0.001) and 1.99 (95%CI 1.34-2.99, p < 0.001), respectively. Patients who developed immunogenicity with undetectable drug levels to infliximab were more likely to develop immunogenicity with undetectable drug levels to adalimumab (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.39-4.19, p < 0.001). Commencing an immunomodulator at the time of switching to the second anti-TNF was associated with improved drug persistence in patients with immunogenic, but not pharmacodynamic failure. CONCLUSION Irrespective of drug sequence, immunogenicity to the first anti-TNF agent was associated with immunogenicity to the second, which was mitigated by the introduction of an immunomodulator in patients with immunogenic, but not pharmacodynamic treatment failure.
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Gervais L, Morellet N, David I, Hewison AJM, Réale D, Goulard M, Chaval Y, Lourtet B, Cargnelutti B, Merlet J, Quéméré E, Pujol B. Quantifying heritability and estimating evolutionary potential in the wild when individuals that share genes also share environments. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1239-1250. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gervais
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
- PSL Université Paris : EHPE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
| | - N. Morellet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - I. David
- Université de Toulouse Castanet Tolosan France
| | - A. J. M. Hewison
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - D. Réale
- Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal QC Canada
| | - M. Goulard
- Université de Toulouse Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Y. Chaval
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - B. Lourtet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - B. Cargnelutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - J. Merlet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - E. Quéméré
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
- INRAE, DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro, IFREMER Rennes France
| | - B. Pujol
- PSL Université Paris : EHPE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
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Gkikas K, Logan M, Nichols B, Ijaz UZ, Clark CM, Svolos V, Gervais L, Duncan H, Garrick V, Curtis L, Buchanan E, Cardigan T, Armstrong L, Delahunty C, Flynn DM, Barclay AR, Tayler R, Milling S, Hansen R, Russell RK, Gerasimidis K. Dietary triggers of gut inflammation following exclusive enteral nutrition in children with Crohn's disease: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:454. [PMID: 34861829 PMCID: PMC8642954 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on the gut of children with Crohn’s disease is rapidly lost after food reintroduction. This study assessed disease dietary triggers following successful treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. Methods Nutrient intake, dietary patterns and dietary biomarkers in faeces (gluten immunogenic peptides, undigestible starch, short chain fatty acids) were assessed in 14 children with Crohn’s disease during early food reintroduction, following exclusive enteral nutrition. Groups above (Group A) and below (Group B) the median levels of faecal calprotectin after food reintroduction were assigned for comparative analysis. Results Intakes of fibre, gluten-containing cereals and red and processed meat were significantly higher in Group A than Group B; (median [Q1, Q3], g/day; Fibre: 12.1 [11.2, 19.9] vs. 9.9 [7.6, 12.1], p = 0.03; Red and processed meat: 151 [66.7, 190] vs. 63.3 [21.7, 67], p = 0.02; gluten-containing cereals: 289 [207, 402] vs. 203 [61, 232], p = 0.035). A diet consisting of cereals and meat products was predictive (92% accuracy) of higher faecal calprotectin levels after food reintroduction. In faeces, butyrate levels, expressed as absolute concentration and relative abundance, were higher in Group A than Group B by 28.4 µmol/g (p = 0.015) and 6.4% (p = 0.008), respectively. Levels of gluten immunogenic peptide and starch in faeces did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions This pilot study identified potential dietary triggers of gut inflammation in children with Crohn’s disease after food reintroduction following treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition. Trial registration: Clinical trials.gov registration number: NCT02341248; Clinical trials.gov URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02341248 (retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02029-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkikas
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Logan
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare M Clark
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vaios Svolos
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hazel Duncan
- Department of Paediatrics, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Buchanan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracey Cardigan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Diana M Flynn
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew R Barclay
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Jere M, Garrick V, Curtis L, Tayler R, Gervais L, Gerasimidis K, Hansen R. Point-of-care faecal calprotectin testing in patients with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:e000631. [PMID: 33947712 PMCID: PMC8098232 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following the disruption of normal paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) services during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we prospectively audited the first-time use of home faecal calprotectin testing. We aimed to provide an alternative to laboratory tests and to assess the value of home testing as part of our regular services going forward. METHODS Home test kits as well as accompanying user instructions were made available to our patients with paediatric IBD that required faecal calprotectin test between 17 April and 12 August 2020. Once the user completed the test, results were automatically uploaded to the result portal and clinical staff were alerted. A user feedback questionnaire was sent to users that had completed the home test. RESULTS Of the 54 patients, 41 (76%) aged between 4.7 and 18.1 years used the home test. A total of 45 home tests were done, one of which produced an invalid result. The decision to modify management was made in 12 (29%) of the patients, while 14 (34%) had no changes made and 15 (37%) required further assessment. Twenty (48.8%) responded to the questionnaire and 85% stated that they preferred the home test to the laboratory testing method. CONCLUSIONS Home calprotectin tests were useful in guiding clinical management during a time when laboratory testing was less available. They may offer benefits as part of routine paediatric IBD monitoring to help target appointments and reduce unnecessary hospital attendances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwansa Jere
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Hansen R, Sanderson IR, Muhammed R, Allen S, Tzivinikos C, Henderson P, Gervais L, Jeffery IB, Mullins DP, O'Herlihy EA, Weinberg JD, Kitson G, Russell RK, Wilson DC. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of (Thetanix) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in Adolescent Crohn's Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 12:e00287. [PMID: 33464732 PMCID: PMC7752678 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thetanix (gastroresistant capsules containing lyophilized Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) is a live biotherapeutic, under development for Crohn's disease, that antagonizes transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha. We aimed to assess safety and tolerability in adolescents with Crohn's disease in remission. METHODS Subjects who were 16-18 years with Crohn's in remission (weighted pediatric Crohn's disease activity index <12.5) were recruited. Each active dose comprised ∼108.2±1.4 colony forming units of B. thetaiotaomicron (randomized 4:1 active:placebo). Part A was single dose. Part B involved 7.5 days twice daily dosing. Serial stools were analyzed for calprotectin, 16S rRNA sequencing, and B. thetaiotaomicron real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bloods were taken serially. Subjects reported adverse events and recorded temperature twice daily. RESULTS Fifteen subjects were treated-8 in part A (75% men, median 17.1 years) and 10 in part B, including 3 from part A (80% men, median 17.1 years); all 18 completed. Seventy percent took concurrent immunosuppression. Reported compliance was >99% in part B. Two subjects reported adverse events deemed related-one in part A with eructation, flatulence, and reflux; one in part B with dizziness, abdominal pain, and headache. No serious adverse events were reported. There was no significant change in median calprotectin across part B (87.8 [4.4-447] to 50.5 [5.3-572], P = 0.44 by the Fisher exact test in the active group). No significant differences were found in microbiota profiles, but diversity seemed to increase in treated subjects. DISCUSSION Thetanix, after single and multiple doses, was well tolerated. Although the numbers in this study were small, the safety profile seems good. Future studies should explore efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hansen
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Rafeeq Muhammed
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Paul Henderson
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian B. Jeffery
- 4D pharma Cork Limited, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard K. Russell
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C. Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Harris RE, Curtis L, Hegde V, Garrick V, Gervais L, Armstrong L, Delahunty C, Eccleston A, Al-Hourani G, Flynn DM, Merrick V, Barclay AR, Tayler R, Hansen R, Russell RK. A Decade of Varicella Screening Within a Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Population. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:608-616. [PMID: 31889176 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased risk of opportunistic infection-e.g., varicella zoster infection-secondary to therapies is a cause of morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. The UK vaccination schedule does not include varicella immunisation. We aimed to evaluate the varicella screening and immunisation programme in a paediatric IBD population. METHODS Data regarding IBD diagnosis, varicella status, and consequent immunisations/treatment interventions were collected retrospectively from the records of patients diagnosed with IBD over a 10-year period [2009-2018]. RESULTS In all, 520 IBD patients were diagnosed; 505/520 [97%] had varicella testing; 46/505 [9%] were naïve. Of 501 patients, 391[78%] were tested before or within 7 days of diagnosis; this increased in the second 5-year period compared with the first (229/268 [85%] versus 162/233 [70%]; p <0.00001). Median diagnosis age of naïve patients was lower [8.3 years versus 12.8 years; p <0.00001]. Where vaccination was feasible, 21/31 [68%] had two and 7/31 [23%] one immunisation. Prednisolone induction led to lower rates of vaccination (5/13 [39%] versus 23/33 [70%] for other induction therapies; p =0.02). Of 28 vaccinated patients, 5 [18%] had suspected breakthrough varicella; and 6/18 [33%] unimmunised patients required post-exposure prophylaxis or treatment for varicella. Immunisation was associated with a decrease in patients requiring post-exposure prophylaxis (0/28 [0%] versus 5/18 [28%]; p =0.0006) and varicella-related hospital admission (1/28 [4%] versus 4/18 [22%]; p =0.01). CONCLUSIONS High rates of varicella screening and immunisation within a PIBD population are possible, resulting in a reduction in hospital admissions for varicella treatment. Varicella immunisation may be of increasing importance within the PIBD population with the emergence of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Harris
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vikas Hegde
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lawrence Armstrong
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Crosshouse, Crosshouse, UK
| | | | - Andrew Eccleston
- Department of Paediatrics, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK
| | | | - Diana M Flynn
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Victoria Merrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew R Barclay
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Logan M, Clark CM, Ijaz UZ, Gervais L, Duncan H, Garrick V, Curtis L, Buchanan E, Cardigan T, Armstrong L, Delahunty C, Flynn DM, Barclay AR, Tayler R, McDonald E, Milling S, Hansen RK, Gerasimidis K, Russell RK. The reduction of faecal calprotectin during exclusive enteral nutrition is lost rapidly after food re-introduction. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:664-674. [PMID: 31342536 PMCID: PMC6772069 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal calprotectin decreases during exclusive enteral nutrition in children with active Crohn's disease. It is unknown how faecal calprotectin changes during food re-introduction and the influence of maintenance enteral nutrition. AIMS To study changes to faecal calprotectin during exclusive enteral nutrition and at food reintroduction, and explore associations with maintenance enteral nutrition. METHODS Children with Crohn's disease were followed during exclusive enteral nutrition and during food-reintroduction. Faecal calprotectin was measured before, at 33 and 54 days of exclusive enteral nutrition, and at 17, 52 and 72 days after food-reintroduction. Maintenance enteral nutrition use was recorded with estimated weight food diaries. Data are presented with medians and Q1:Q3. RESULTS Sixty-six patients started exclusive enteral nutrition and 41 (62%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn's disease activity index <12.5). Baseline faecal calprotectin (mg/kg) decreased after 4 and 8 weeks of exclusive enteral nutrition (Start: 1433 [Q1: 946, Q3: 1820] vs 33 days: 844 [314, 1438] vs 54 days: 453 [165, 1100]; P < .001). Within 17 days of food reintroduction, faecal calprotectin increased to 953 [Q1: 519, Q3: 1611] and by 52 days to 1094 [660, 1625] (both P < .02). Fifteen of 41 (37%) children in remission used maintenance enteral nutrition (333 kcal or 18% of energy intake). At 17 days of food reintroduction, faecal calprotectin was lower in maintenance enteral nutrition users than non-users (651 [Q1: 271, Q3: 1781] vs 1238 [749, 2102], P = .049) and correlated inversely with maintenance enteral nutrition volume (rho: -0.573, P = .041), kcals (rho: -0.584, P = .036) and % energy intake (rho: -0.649, P = .016). Maintenance enteral nutrition use was not associated with longer periods of remission (P = .7). Faecal calprotectin at the end of exclusive enteral nutrition did not predict length of remission. CONCLUSIONS The effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on faecal calprotectin is diminished early during food reintroduction. Maintenance enteral nutrition at ~18% of energy intake is associated with a lower faecal calprotectin at the early phase of food reintroduction but is ineffective in maintaining longer term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Logan
- Civil Engineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and NursingUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - Clare M. Clark
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and NursingUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Civil Engineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Hazel Duncan
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Elaine Buchanan
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Tracey Cardigan
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Diana M. Flynn
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Andrew R. Barclay
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Elizabeth McDonald
- Institute for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute for Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Richard K. Hansen
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and NursingUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - Richard K. Russell
- Department of Paediatric GastroenterologyRoyal Hospital for ChildrenGlasgowUK
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Harris RE, Armstrong L, Curtis L, Garrick V, Gervais L, Tayler R, Hansen R, Russell RK. Severe hypophosphataemia following ferric carboxymaltose infusion in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Frontline Gastroenterol 2019; 11:324-326. [PMID: 32587674 PMCID: PMC7307048 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This case series describes the cases of three adolescent patients with established inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who experienced significant hypophosphataemia following intravenous infusion of ferric carboxymaltose as treatment for iron deficiency anaemia. Hypophosphataemia may cause a diverse range of symptoms and may be difficult to diagnose clinically due to their non-specific nature. Checking a baseline phosphate (PO4) prior to intravenous iron infusion may identify patients at higher risk for significant hypophosphataemia and perhaps allow the selection of an alternative iron preparation. The routine monitoring of PO4 levels postinfusion presents a greater challenge; with cases of asymptomatic hypophosphataemia likely to be uncovered, as in case 3. Clinicians, patients and families should be aware of the symptoms of hypophosphataemia, and symptomatic patients should have bloods checked to allow prompt identification and correction of abnormalities where required. Review of guidelines surrounding intravenous iron infusion and management of hypophosphataemia in paediatric patients is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Elizabeth Harris
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lawrence Armstrong
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Svolos V, Hansen R, Nichols B, Quince C, Ijaz UZ, Papadopoulou RT, Edwards CA, Watson D, Alghamdi A, Brejnrod A, Ansalone C, Duncan H, Gervais L, Tayler R, Salmond J, Bolognini D, Klopfleisch R, Gaya DR, Milling S, Russell RK, Gerasimidis K. Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With an Ordinary Food-based Diet That Replicates Exclusive Enteral Nutrition. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1354-1367.e6. [PMID: 30550821 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the only established dietary treatment for Crohn's disease (CD), but its acceptability is limited. There is a need for novel dietary treatments for CD. METHODS We evaluated the effects of an individualized food-based diet (CD-TREAT), with similar composition to EEN, on the gut microbiome, inflammation, and clinical response in a rat model, healthy adults, and children with relapsing CD. Twenty-five healthy adults randomly received EEN or CD-TREAT for 7 days, followed by a 14-day washout period, followed by the alternate diet. Fecal microbiome and metabolome were assessed before and after each diet. HLA-B7 and HLA-B27 transgenic rats with gut inflammation received EEN, CD-TREAT, or standard chow for 4 weeks. Fecal, luminal, and tissue microbiome, fecal metabolites, and gut inflammation were assessed. Five children with active CD activity received CD-TREAT and their clinical activity and calprotectin were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS For healthy adults, CD-TREAT was easier to comply with and more acceptable than EEN. CD-TREAT induced similar effects to EEN (EEN vs CD-TREAT) on fecal microbiome composition, metabolome, mean total sulfide (increase 133.0 ± 80.5 vs 54.3 ± 47.0 nmol/g), pH (increase 1.3 ± 0.5 vs 0.9 ± 0.6), and the short-chain fatty acids (μmol/g) acetate (decrease 27.4 ± 22.6 vs 21.6 ± 20.4), propionate (decrease 5.7 ± 7.8 vs 5.2 ± 7.9), and butyrate (decrease 7.0 ± 7.4 vs 10.2 ± 8.5). In the rat model, CD-TREAT and EEN produced similar changes in bacterial load (decrease 0.3 ± 0.3 log10 16S rRNA gene copies per gram), short-chain fatty acids, microbiome, and ileitis severity (mean histopathology score decreases of 1.25 for EEN [P = .015] and 1.0 for CD-TREAT [P = .044] vs chow). In children receiving CD-TREAT, 4 (80%) had a clinical response and 3 (60%) entered remission, with significant concurrent decreases in fecal calprotectin (mean decrease 918 ± 555 mg/kg; P = .002). CONCLUSION CD-TREAT replicates EEN changes in the microbiome, decreases gut inflammation, is well tolerated, and is potentially effective in patients with active CD. ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT02426567 and NCT03171246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaios Svolos
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Umer Z Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rodanthi T Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Asker Brejnrod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ansalone
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Duncan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniele Bolognini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel R Gaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Gervais L, McLean LL, Wilson ML, Cameron C, Curtis L, Garrick V, Armstrong K, Tayler R, Henderson P, Hansen R, Chalmers I, Wilson DC, Russell RK. Switching From Originator to Biosimilar Infliximab in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Feasible and Uneventful. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:745-748. [PMID: 29985877 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The safety, clinical efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of biosimilar infliximab in adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have now been extensively shown. Limited data have been collected in the paediatric setting. We report nationwide, prospective, clinical safety and effectiveness data for patients from all 3 Scottish paediatric inflammatory bowel disease networks switching from originator to biosimilar infliximab. Prospective clinical data were collected for 33 patients. Information was collected from electronic patient records, laboratory reports, and patient case notes. There were no clinically significant changes to disease activity, biomarkers, antidrug antibodies, or trough drug levels (P > 0.1) within a 12-month follow-up period; in addition, there were no significant adverse events reported. No infusion reactions were seen in the 264 infusions delivered. Switching from originator infliximab to the biosimilar (CT-P13) appears to be associated with neither an increase in infusion reactions nor significant loss of effectiveness in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gervais
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Luke L McLean
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Michelle L Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
| | - Carol Cameron
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lee Curtis
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Vikki Garrick
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Kat Armstrong
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Paul Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - Iain Chalmers
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David C Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
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Briend-Godet V, Gervais L, Dessomme B, Moret L, Gouraud M, Biron C, Raffi F. PADS 2-10 - Perception et couverture vaccinale des étudiants infirmiers : état des lieux et évolution après sensibilisation. Med Mal Infect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(16)30491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kanlaya R, Sintiprungrat K, Thongboonkerd V, Torremade N, Bindels R, Hoenderop J, Fernandez E, Dusso A, Valdivielso JM, Krueger T, Boor P, Schafer C, Westenfeld R, Brandenburg V, Schlieper G, Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M, Jee W, Li X, Richards B, Floege J, Goncalves JG, Canale D, de Braganca AC, Shimizu MHM, Moyses RMA, Andrade L, Seguro AC, Volpini RA, Romoli S, Migliorini A, Anders HJ, Eskova O, Neprintseva N, Tchebotareva N, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, Simic I, Tabatabaeifar M, Wlodkowski T, Denc H, Mollet G, Antignac C, Schaefer F, Ekaterina IA, Giardino L, Rastaldi MP, Van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E, Okina C, Okamoto T, Kamata M, Murano J, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi K, Kamata F, Sakai T, Naito S, Aoyama T, Sano T, Takeuchi Y, Kamata K, Thomasova D, Bruns HA, Liapis H, Anders HJ, Iwashita T, Hasegawa H, Takayanagi K, Shimizu T, Asakura J, Okazaki S, Kogure Y, Hatano M, Hara H, Inamura M, Iwanaga M, Mitani T, Mitarai T, Savin VJ, Sharma M, Wei C, Reiser J, McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Gauchat JF, Eneman B, Freson K, Van den Heuvel L, Van Geet C, Levtchenko E, Choi DE, Jeong JY, Chang YK, Na KR, Lee KW, Shin YT, Ni HF, Chen JF, Zhang MH, Pan MM, Liu BC, Lee KW, Jeong JY, Choi DE, Chang YK, Kim SS, Na KR, Shin YT, Suzuki T, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Wada Y, Yamamoto Y, Shibata T, Akizawa T, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Ehling J, Babickova J, Gremse F, Kiessling F, Floege J, Lammers T, Boor P, Lech M, Gunthner R, Lorenz G, Ryu M, Grobmayr R, Susanti H, Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA, Anders HJ, Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado J, Sanz AB, Eguchi S, Pato J, Keri G, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Leduc M, Geerts L, Grouix B, Sarra-Bournet F, Felton A, Gervais L, Abbott S, Duceppe JS, Zacharie B, Penney C, Laurin P, Gagnon L, Detsika MG, Duann P, Lianos EA, Leong KI, Chiang CK, Yang CC, Wu CT, Chen LP, Hung KY, Liu SH, Carvalho FF, Teixeira VP, Almeida WS, Schor N, Small DM, Bennett NC, Coombes J, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Montero N, Prada A, Riera M, Orfila M, Pascual J, Rodriguez E, Barrios C, Kokeny G, Fazekas K, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Hornigold N, Hughes J, Mooney A, Benardeau A, Riboulet W, Vandjour A, Jacobsen B, Apfel C, Conde-Knape K, Grouix B, Felton A, Sarra-Bournet F, Leduc M, Geerts L, Gervais L, Abbott S, Bienvenu JF, Duceppe JS, Zacharie B, Penney C, Laurin P, Gagnon L, Tanaka T, Yamaguchi J, Nangaku M, Niwa T, Bolati D, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Brocca A, Virzi G, de Cal M, Ronco C, Priante G, Musacchio E, Valvason C, Sartori L, Piccoli A, Baggio B, Boor P, Perkuhn M, Weibrecht M, Zok S, Martin IV, Schoth F, Ostendorf T, Kuhl C, Floege J, Karabaeva A, Essaian A, Beresneva O, Parastaeva M, Kayukov I, Smirnov A, Audzeyenka I, Kasztan M, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Jankowski M, Bockmeyer CL, Kokowicz K, Agustian PA, Zell S, Wittig J, Becker JU, Nishizono R, Venkatareddy MP, Chowdhury MA, Wang SQ, Fukuda A, Wickman LT, Yang Y, Wiggins RC, Fazio MR, Donato V, Lucisano S, Cernaro V, Lupica R, Trimboli D, Montalto G, Aloisi C, Mazzeo AT, Buemi M, Gawrys O, Olszynski KH, Kuczeriszka M, Gawarecka K, Swiezewska E, Chmielewski M, Masnyk M, Rafalowska J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Lee WC, Chau YY, Lee LC, Chiu CH, Lee CT, Chen JB, Kim WK, Shin SJ. Experimental models of CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gervais L, Dedryver F, Morlais JY, Bodusseau V, Negre S, Bilous M, Groos C, Trottet M. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for field resistance to Fusarium head blight in an European winter wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 106:961-70. [PMID: 12671743 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2002] [Accepted: 08/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium culmorum is an economically important disease of wheat that may cause serious yield and quality losses under favorable climate conditions. The development of disease-resistant cultivars is the most effective control strategy. Worldwide, there is heavy reliance on the resistance pool originating from Asian wheats, but excellent field resistance has also been observed among European winter wheats. The objective of this study was to map and characterize quantitative traits loci (QTL) of resistance to FHB among European winter wheats. A population of 194 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was genotyped from a cross between two winter wheats Renan (resistant)/Récital (susceptible) with microsatellites, AFLP and RFLP markers. RILs were assessed under field conditions For 3 years in one location. Nine QTLs were detected, and together they explained 30-45% of the variance, depending on the year. Three of the QTLs were stable over the 3 years. One stable QTL, QFhs.inra.2b, was mapped to chromosome 2B and two QTLs QFhs.inra.5a2 and QFhs.inra5a3, to chromosome 5A; each of these QTLs explained 6.9-18.6% of the variance. Other QTLs were identified on chromosome 2A, 3A, 3B, 5D, and 6D, but these had a smaller effect on FHB resistance. One of the two QTLs on chromosome 5A was linked to gene B1 controlling the presence of awns. Overlapping QTLs for FHB resistance were those for plant height or/and flowering time. Our results confirm that wheat chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, and 5A carry FHB resistance genes, and new resistance factors were identified on chromosome arms 2BS and 5AL. Markers flanking these QTLs should be useful tools for combining the resistance to FHB of Asian and European wheats to increase the resistance level of cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gervais
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR INRA ENSAR d'Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, Domaine de la Motte 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France.
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Groos C, Gay G, Perretant MR, Gervais L, Bernard M, Dedryver F, Charmet G. Study of the relationship between pre-harvest sprouting and grain color by quantitative trait loci analysis in a whitexred grain bread-wheat cross. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:39-47. [PMID: 12579426 DOI: 10.1007/s001220200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In many wheat ( Triticum aestivumL.) growing areas, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) may cause important damage, and in particular, it has deleterious effects on bread-making quality. The relationship between PHS and grain color is well known and could be due either to the pleiotropic effect of genes controlling red-testa pigmentation ( R) or to linkage between these genes and other genes affecting PHS. In the present work, we have studied a population of 194 recombinant inbred lines from the cross between two cultivars, 'Renan' and 'Récital', in order to detect QTLs for both PHS resistance and grain color. The variety 'Renan' has red kernels and is resistant to PHS, while 'Récital' has white grain and is highly susceptible to PHS. A molecular-marker linkage map of this cross was constructed using SSRs, RFLPs and AFLPs. The population was evaluated over 2 years at Clermont-Ferrand (France). PHS was evaluated on mature spikes under controlled conditions and red-grain color was measured using a chromameter. Over the 2 years, we detected four QTLs for PHS, all of them being co-localized with QTLs for grain color. Three of them were located on the long arm of chromosomes 3 A, 3B and 3D, close to the loci where the genes R and taVp1 were previously mapped. For these three QTLs, the resistance to PHS is due to the allele of the variety 'Renan'. Another co-located QTL for PHS and grain color was detected on the short arm of chromosome 5 A. The resistance for PHS for this QTL is due to the allele of 'Récital'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groos
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine de Crouelle, 234 rue du Brézet, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Saliba-Colombani V, Causse M, Gervais L, Philouze J. Efficiency of RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP markers for the construction of an intraspecific map of the tomato genome. Genome 2000; 43:29-40. [PMID: 10701110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a tomato genetic linkage map based on an intraspecific cross between two inbred lines of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme. The segregating population was composed of 153 recombinant inbred lines. This map is comprised of one morphological, 132 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism, including 16 known-function genes), 33 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), and 211 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) loci. We compared the 3 types of markers for their polymorphism, segregation, and distribution over the genome. RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP methods revealed 8.7%, 15.8%, and 14.5% informative bands, respectively. This corresponded to polymorphism in 30% of RFLP probes, 32% of RAPD primers, and 100% of AFLP primer combinations. Less deviation from the 1:1 expected ratio was obtained with RFLP than with AFLP loci (8% and 18%, respectively). RAPD and AFLP markers were not randomly distributed over the genome. Most of them (60% and 80%, respectively) were grouped in clusters located around putative centromeric regions. This intraspecific map spans 965 cM with an average distance of 8.3 cM between markers (of the framework map). It was compared to other published interspecific maps of tomato. Despite the intraspecific origin of this map, it did not show any increase in length when compared to the high-density interspecific map of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saliba-Colombani
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Montfavet, France
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Gervais L. Lessons from Amy. CMAJ 1997; 157:13-4. [PMID: 9220933 PMCID: PMC1227651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Samples of mixed saliva were collected from 16 workers exposed to cadmium dusts and fumes and 19 unexposed co-workers. Samples of total blood and plasma were also obtained. Cadmium (Cd) was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd was found in higher concentrations in saliva than in blood. The concentration of Cd in saliva was markedly elevated in exposed subjects; the difference was less important in blood. Smokers had more Cd in their blood than non-smokers, but this was not the case for saliva. In vitro studies measuring uptake of Cd by slices of rat submaxillary gland indicated that movement of the metal occurs passively.
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Gervais L, P'An A, Lacasse Y, Brodeur J. [The value of urinary beta-2 microglobulin determination in workers expose to cadmium]. Union Med Can 1980; 109:1473-5. [PMID: 6162262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gervais L. [Group dynamics in psychiatric residents]. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1968; 13:159-62. [PMID: 5662266 DOI: 10.1177/070674376801300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
For many years group dynamics or group psychotherapy has been used in training of psychiatric residents. An attempt is made to define the specific learning problems facing these residents. The needs of the resident can be met in many ways, but the participation in a group seems to be particularly meaningful. Three stages are described during the group process: 1) The period of euphoria, which coincides with the beginning of the training and only lasts a few months. This is when the resident toys with new words, new concepts and there is a magical connotation to all of this. 2) A depressive period, when the resident begins to ‘feel’ his many difficulties in dealing with patients. He also has to face the many psychiatric ideologies confronting him and he finds it impossible to have a total theoretical grasp of the psychiatric knowledge. This situation creates a good deal of anxiety and it is particularly during this phase that group dynamics can be useful. 3) A period of adaptation. Adaptation is used here as it is put forward by the ego psychologists, that is, as being an active process. Finally an analogy is drawn between the maturation and learning taking place in the psychiatric resident and the adolescent's search for identity and the use of group dynamics as a valuable tool in this on-going process.
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Gervais L. [Psychotherapy of delinquency and character disorders]. Laval Med 1967; 38:30-4. [PMID: 5628185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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