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Gomez CR, Espinoza I, Faruque FS, Hasan MM, Rahman KM, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:1191. [PMID: 33672163 PMCID: PMC7927139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date very few promising leads from natural products (NP) secondary metabolites with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have been identified for promising/potential intervention for COVID-19. Using in-silico docking studies and genome based various molecular targets, and their in vitro anti-SARS CoV-2 activities against whole cell and/or selected protein targets, we select a few compounds of interest, which can be used as potential leads to counteract effects of uncontrolled innate immune responses, in particular those related to the cytokine storm. A critical factor for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection relates to factors independent of viral infection or host response. They include population-related variables such as concurrent comorbidities and genetic factors critically relevant to COVID-19 health disparities. We discuss population risk factors related to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we focus on virulence related to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), the most common human enzymopathy. Review of data on the response of individuals and communities with high prevalence of G6PDd to NP, prompts us to propose the rationale for a population-specific management approach to rationalize design of therapeutic interventions of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on use of NP. This strategy may lead to personalized approaches and improve disease-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Gomez
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy (UMSOP) & University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy (UMSOP) & University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Fazlay S. Faruque
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Md. Mahbub Hasan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (M.M.H.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (M.M.H.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
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