1
|
Angeli E, Barcarolo D, Ribas LE, Matiller V, Addona SM, Rey F, Ortega HH, Hein GJ. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and liver function in early lactation and their relationship with the reproductive efficiency of multiparous grazing dairy cows in Argentina. A retrospective study. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1817-1830. [PMID: 37115462 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the possible relationship between days to conception and different oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and liver functional parameters in multiparous dairy cows. Besides, a fast reliable method for the accurate measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed in several matrices. During lactation, the days to conception of 28 cows were determined for a retrospective study. According to this parameter, cows were divided into two groups: high and low days to conception (HDC and LDC, respectively). Blood, urine and liver biopsies were sampled 21 days before the expected calving date, and 7 and 21 days after calving. The method developed for MDA was validated according to international requirements. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 µmol/L for plasma and urine and 10.00 µmol/L for liver tissue. No differences between groups were observed in the systemic concentration of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid and liver triacylglycerol content (P > 0.05). Cholesterol concentration was higher in the LDC than in the HDC group (P < 0.05). Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentration was lower in the LDC than in the HDC group on day 21 post-calving (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the LDC than in the HDC group (P < 0.05). Particularly, in the liver, 3-NT and MDA concentrations were lower in the LDC than in the HDC group (P < 0.05). These results allow inferring that the amelioration of OS biomarkers in plasma and liver could be related to a better reproductive performance of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Angeli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daiana Barcarolo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas E Ribas
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valentina Matiller
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina M Addona
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo J Hein
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharawy HA, Hegab AO, Risha EF, El-Adl M, Soliman WT, Gohar MA, Fahmy RA, Farag VM, Imakawa K, Bazer FW, James D, Zaghloul A, Abdalla AA, Rabie MM, Elmetwally MA. The vaginal and uterine blood flow changes during the ovsynch program and its impact on the pregnancy rates in Holstein dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:350. [PMID: 36115990 PMCID: PMC9482311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim
OvSynch is a hormonal protocol for synchronization of estrus and use of artificial insemination (AI) at an optimal time without adverse effects on the ovaries or uterus. This study investigated the use of noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound to assess changes in uterine and vaginal blood flow during the Ovsynch program for synchronization of estrus and its relation to the pregnancy rates in Holstein cows. Materials and methods The experimental cows received an intramuscular dose of 10 μg of a GnRH analogue (G1), followed 7 days later with an intramuscular injection of synthetic prostaglandin F2α (P: PGF2α) analogue (500 μg cloprostenol sodium), and given a 10 μg, injection of the GnRH analogue (G2) i.m. 48 h after the PGF2α treatment, and the cows were bred 14-16 h after. Uterine and vaginal perfusion were investigated by performing transrectal Doppler ultrasonography of both the uterine and vaginal arteries in Holstein cows at different time points during the Ovsynch program to determine: peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the volume of blood flow (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), resistance impedance (S/D) and diameters of uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries. Steroid hormones were also assayed. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) was performed at 32 and 60 days to confirm the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Results The uterine PSV, TAMV, and PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium and second GnRH injections (p<0.05) than at the time of the first GnRH injection. The vaginal PSV, PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium than at the time of the first and second GnRH injections (p<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) indicated a high correlation between the uterine and vaginal blood flow and the rate of the pregnancy (p<0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.920 and 0.87 (p<0.05) for vaginal and uterine arteries respectively at time of G2. The serum levels of progesterone, estrogen and cortisol were correlated with the P/AI (p<0.05). The P/AI significantly decreased from 43.9 % at 32 d to 35.37 % at 60 d. Conclusion These results indicate that noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to evaluate changes in the characteristics of uterine and vaginal blood flow in cows during the Ovsynch protocol. Furthermore, vaginal and uterine blood flow are two determinant factors for the higher conception rates in Holstein dairy cows.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashem NM, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1932. [PMID: 34209536 PMCID: PMC8300313 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control. These strategies should not only guarantee sufficient reproductive outcomes but should also comply with practical and ethical aspects. For example, the efficiency of the biological- and hormonal-based reproductive strategies is mainly related to several biological factors and physiological status of animals, and of nutritional strategies, additional factors, such as digestion and absorption, can contribute. In addition, the management of reproductive-related diseases is challenged by the concerns regarding the intensive use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains. The emergence of nanotechnology applications in livestock farming systems may present innovative and new solutions for overcoming reproductive management challenges. Many drugs (hormones and antibiotics), biological molecules, and nutrients can acquire novel physicochemical properties using nanotechnology; the main ones are improved bioavailability, higher cellular uptake, controlled sustained release, and lower toxicity compared with ordinary forms. In this review, we illustrate advances in the most common reproductive management strategies by applying nanotechnology, considering the current challenges of each strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Produccion y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CardenalHerrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adenuga AH, Jack C, Olagunju KO, Ashfield A. Economic Viability of Adoption of Automated Oestrus Detection Technologies on Dairy Farms: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071241. [PMID: 32708279 PMCID: PMC7401606 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accurate and timely detection of oestrus is a central element of good dairy herd management as it ultimately determines the level of milk production and is core to the economic viability of the farm business. However, the traditional method of oestrus detection, which occurs by observing the dairy cows standing immobile while being mounted, is usually time-consuming, repetitive and requires considerable skill and experience on the part of the farmer to attain a reasonable level of efficiency. Given the limitation of the traditional method of oestrus detection, a number of automated oestrus detection (AOD) technologies have been developed. However, the rate of adoption of these technologies remains low. One reason that has been proposed for farmers’ low adoption of such technologies has been their lack of knowledge around the potential economic returns from investing in AOD technologies. In this paper, we review the empirical literature on the viability of investment in AOD technologies from an economic perspective. The conclusion of this study provides evidence from which farmers can make more informed decisions in relation to investing in AOD technologies. The review and analysis is also of importance for informing policy, as it provides an examination of the incentives and levers that could improve productivity on dairy farms. Abstract The decision for dairy farmers to invest in automated oestrus detection (AOD) technologies involves the weighing up of the costs and benefits of implementation. In this paper, through a review of the existing literature, we examine the impacts of investment in AOD technologies in relation to the profitability and technical performance of dairy farms. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2019 on the investment viability of AOD technologies were collated and analysed. We capture the different measures used in assessing the economic performance of investment in AOD technologies over time which include net present value (NPV), milk production, Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PBP). The study concludes that investment in AOD technologies is not only worthwhile but also contributes to farm profitability.
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection on pregnancy percentage in recipient beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106526. [PMID: 32828401 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare pregnancy percentages per embryo transfer (P/ET) in recipient beef cows following twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection and to determine associations of dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations. All cows (n = 695) were treated to synchronize time of estrus among cows using a CIDR + Select-Synch treatment regimen and randomly assigned to twice-daily or split-time estrous detection (CS-DEET or CS-SEET, respectively). Cows in the CS-DEET group were observed twice daily (eight times) for estrus until 96 h after the time of PGF2α administration, whereas cows in the CS-SEET group were observed twice (64 and 84 h after PGF2α). In 280 recipient cows, blood sampling (for progesterone) and ultrasonographic assessment of dominant follicle diameter were conducted 48 h after the time of PGF2α administration. At 7 d after estrus, the CL was imaged and there was transfer of a frozen-thawed embryo into cows with a CL ≥ 1.5 cm. There were positive correlations between follicle diameter and CL volume (rs = 0.827; P < 0.001) and CL volume and progesterone concentration (rs = 0.680; P < 0.001). Progesterone and CL volume differed between cows in CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups P < 0.05), however, percentage P/ET for cows in the CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups did not differ (P > 0.1). Dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations were greater in pregnant compared with nonpregnant cows. In conclusion, percentage P/ET did not differ when there was twice daily and split-time estrous detection highlighting the value of this approach in beef enterprises.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shan S, Xu F, Bleyer M, Becker S, Melbaum T, Wemheuer W, Hirschfeld M, Wacker C, Zhao S, Schütz E, Brenig B. Association of α/β-Hydrolase D16B with Bovine Conception Rate and Sperm Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E627. [PMID: 31963602 PMCID: PMC7014312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified a Holstein sire named Tarantino who had been approved for artificial insemination that is based on normal semen characteristics (i.e., morphology, thermoresistance, motility, sperm concentration), but had no progeny after 412 first inseminations, resulting in a non-return rate (NRdev) of -29. Using whole genome association analysis and next generation sequencing, an associated nonsense variant in the α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 16B gene (ABHD16B) on bovine chromosome 13 was identified. The frequency of the mutant allele in the German Holstein population was determined to be 0.0018 in 222,645 investigated cattle specimens. The mutant allele was traced back to Whirlhill Kingpin (bornFeb. 13th, 1959) as potential founder. The expression of ABHD16B was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in testis and epididymis of control bulls. A lipidome comparison of the plasma membrane of fresh semen from carriers and controls showed significant differences in the concentration of phosphatidylcholine (PC), diacylglycerol (DAG), ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylcholine (-ether) (PC O-), indicating that ABHD16B plays a role in lipid biosynthesis. The altered lipid contents may explain the reduced fertilization ability of mutated sperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Shan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fangzheng Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Martina Bleyer
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Becker
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Torben Melbaum
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Wemheuer
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christin Wacker
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Lab of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ekkehard Schütz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bellingeri A, Cabrera V, Gallo A, Liang D, Masoero F. A survey of dairy cattle management, crop planning, and forages cost of production in Northern Italy. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1580153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bellingeri
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, della nutrizione e degli alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Victor Cabrera
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, della nutrizione e degli alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Di Liang
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Francesco Masoero
- Dipartimento di Scienze animali, della nutrizione e degli alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thomas EB, Dolecheck KA, Mark TB, Eastwood CR, Dela Rue BT, Bewley JM. A decision-support tool for investment analysis of automated oestrus detection technologies in a seasonal dairy production system. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Advances in automated oestrus detection have made this an attractive technology to help reduce manual oestrus detection labour on dairy farms.
Aims
A decision-support tool was created to help farmers estimate the investment outcome of adopting automated oestrus detection technologies in a seasonal dairy production system.
Methods
A decision-support tool was created using Excel 2011 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, WA, USA). The tool allows farmers to input both current herd reproductive management costs and performance and automated oestrus detection technology system costs and performance to receive herd-specific estimates of investment benefit. The investment analysis outputs include the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period associated with automated oestrus detection adoption. Two different automated oestrus detection technologies were compared with visual oestrus detection aided by tail paint with a 72.0% oestrus detection rate (sensitivity) to demonstrate the value of the investment analysis tool. The alternative scenarios, technology one and technology two, were compared over an eight-year investment period.
Key results
Technology one, with a 62.4% oestrus detection rate, resulted in a negative NPV and IRR (–NZ$182567 and –100% respectively), indicating a poor investment. Technology two, with an oestrus detection rate of 91.0%, provided a positive NPV and IRR (NZ$177890 and 38.7% respectively), indicating a beneficial investment. The payback period for technology one was estimated as >10 years, whereas technology two’s payback period was <1 year.
Conclusions
The investment tool results are dependent on farm-specific and automated oestrus detection inputs.
Implications
Farmers can use farm-specific inputs in the tool to aid them when considering adoption of new automated oestrus detection technologies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Barrientos-Blanco JA, Thompson NM, Widmar NJO, Wolf CA, Unruh Snyder L. Expected value of crossbred dairy cattle artificial insemination breeding strategies in virgin heifers and lactating cows. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Thompson NM, Widmar NO, Schutz MM, Cole JB, Wolf CA. Economic considerations of breeding for polled dairy cows versus dehorning in the United States. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4941-4952. [PMID: 28342604 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the costs and benefits of selecting for polled dairy heifers versus traditional dehorning practices. Stochastic budgets were developed to analyze the expected costs (EC) associated with polled dairy genetics. The economic assessment was expanded beyond on-farm cash costs by incorporating cost and benefit estimates to generate industry-wide discussion, and preliminary economic evaluations, surrounding the public acceptance and attitude toward polled genetics versus dehorning calves. Triangular distributions, commonly used to represent distributions with limited data, were used to represent labor costs for dehorning, the likelihood of treatment of calf, and the cost of veterinary treatment. In total, 10,000 iterations were run using @Risk v 6.0 (Palisade Corp., Newfield, NY). The EC of the 4 traditional dehorning methods evaluated in this study ranged from $6 to $25/head, with a mean EC around $12 to $13/head. The EC of incorporating polled genetics into a breeding program ranged from $0 to $26/head depending on the additional cost, or premium, associated with polled relative to horned genetics. Estimated breakeven premiums associated with polled genetics indicate that, on average, producers could spend up to $5.95/head and $11.90/head more for heterozygous and homozygous polled genetics, respectively, compared with conventional horned genetics (or $2.08 and $4.17/straw of semen at an assumed average conception rate of 35%). Given the parameters outlined, sensitivity to individual farm semen and dehorning costs are likely to swamp these differences. Beyond on-farm costs, industry-wide discussion may be warranted surrounding the public's acceptance and attitude toward polled genetics versus dehorning or disbudding of calves. The value of avoiding dehorning may be larger for the industry, and perhaps some individual farms, than initially suggested if additional value is put on calf comfort and possible worker aversion to dehorning. If public perception of dehorning influences market access, the EC of dehorning may be large but that cost is unknown at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael M Schutz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - John B Cole
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - Christopher A Wolf
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dolecheck K, Heersche G, Bewley J. Retention payoff–based cost per day open regression equations: Application in a user-friendly decision support tool for investment analysis of automated estrus detection technologies. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:10182-10193. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Evaluating the expected value of beef reproduction strategies in an era of volatile feed and cattle prices. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Liang D, Cabrera V. Optimizing productivity, herd structure, environmental performance, and profitability of dairy cattle herds. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2812-23. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Chapinal N, von Keyserlingk M, Cerri R, Ito K, LeBlanc S, Weary D. Short communication: Herd-level reproductive performance and its relationship with lameness and leg injuries in freestall dairy herds in the northeastern United States. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7066-7072. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Atzori A, Tedeschi L, Cannas A. A multivariate and stochastic approach to identify key variables to rank dairy farms on profitability. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3378-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Some factors affecting the number of days open in Argentinean dairy herds. Theriogenology 2013; 79:760-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Giordano JO, Fricke PM, Guenther JN, Lopes G, Herlihy MM, Nascimento AB, Wiltbank MC. Effect of progesterone on magnitude of the luteinizing hormone surge induced by two different doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3781-93. [PMID: 22720934 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovulation to the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch-type protocols is lower in cows with high progesterone (P4) concentrations compared with cows with low P4 concentrations, suggesting that P4 may suppress the release of LH from the anterior pituitary after GnRH treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 1) circulating P4 concentrations at the time of GnRH treatment on GnRH-induced LH secretion in lactating dairy cows and 2) increasing the dose of GnRH from 100 to 200 μg on LH secretion in a high- and low-P4 environment. A Double-Ovsynch (Pre-Ovsynch: GnRH, PGF(2α) 7d later, GnRH 3d later, and Breeding-Ovsynch 7d later: GnRH, PGF(2α) 7d later, and GnRH 48 h later) synchronization protocol was used to create the high- and low-P4 environments. At the first GnRH injection of Breeding-Ovsynch (high P4), all cows with a corpus luteum ≥ 20 mm were randomly assigned to receive 100 or 200 μg of GnRH. At the second GnRH injection of Breeding-Ovsynch (low P4) cows were again randomized to receive 100 or 200 μg of GnRH. Blood samples were collected every 15 min from -15 to 180 min after GnRH treatment, and then hourly until 6h after GnRH treatment. As expected, mean P4 concentrations were greater for cows in the high- than the low-P4 environment. For cows receiving 100 μg of GnRH, the LH peak and area under the curve (AUC) were greater in the low- than in the high-P4 environment. Similarly, for cows receiving 200 μg of GnRH, the LH peak and AUC were greater in the low- than the high-P4 environment. Cows receiving 100 or 200 μg of GnRH had greater mean LH concentration in the low- than the high-P4 environment from 1 to 6h after GnRH treatment. On the other hand, when comparing the effect of the 2 GnRH doses in the high- and low-P4 environments, cows receiving 200 μg of GnRH had a greater LH peak and AUC than cows treated with 100 μg of GnRH both in the high- and low-P4 environments. For the high-P4 environment, mean LH was greater from 1.5 to 5h after GnRH treatment for cows receiving 200 μg of GnRH than for those receiving 100 μg of GnRH. In the low-P4 environment, mean LH was greater for cows receiving 200 μg of GnRH than for those receiving 100 μg of GnRH from 1 to 2.5h after GnRH treatment. We conclude that the P4 environment at GnRH treatment dramatically affects GnRH-induced LH secretion, and that a 200-μg dose of GnRH can increase LH secretion in either a high- or a low-P4 environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Giordano
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalantari A, Cabrera V. The effect of reproductive performance on the dairy cattle herd value assessed by integrating a daily dynamic programming model with a daily Markov chain model. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6160-70. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Giordano J, Kalantari A, Fricke P, Wiltbank M, Cabrera V. A daily herd Markov-chain model to study the reproductive and economic impact of reproductive programs combining timed artificial insemination and estrus detection. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5442-5460. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Bio-economic model to evaluate twinning rate using sexed embryo transfer in dairy herds. Animal 2012; 5:1705-19. [PMID: 22440410 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A stochastic bio-economic model has been used to determine the effects of new reproductive technologies over a 15-year period. A strategy of using conventional artificial insemination (AI) or embryo transfer (ET) using two sex-controlled embryos at different conception rates (CRs) and herd sizes resulted in a 24 state model. The genetic means of AI population increased over the years, and the genetic means of milk production for all of the embryo strategies were greater than those of AI. In addition, the genetic means of milk yield using different embryo-based scenarios in the expanding herds were greater than those for the fixed herds. The net profit of using sexed ET in the expanding herds was greater (P < 0.05) than that of fixed size herds. In general, there was a roughly consistent trend in net profit per cow for sexed ET strategies in the expanding herds over the years, but there was an increasing trend in net profit per cow for sexed ET strategies in the fixed herds over the years. Medium to high CRs for ET and the use of sex-controlled embryo systems, especially for induction of twin births to produce dairy replacements, will be critical elements of a system that produces significant numbers of female calves. The greater number of female calves produced in the sex-controlled scenarios allows the farmer to select animals with the best genetic potential as dairy replacement heifers; therefore, the rate of genetic gain increased in the dairy herd. Results of sensitivity analyses showed that a significant decrease in the production costs and increase in the ET performance are essential for embryo-based technologies to be profitable.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hossein-Zadeh NG. Evaluation of the genetic trend of milk yield in the multiple ovulation and embryo transfer populations of dairy cows, using stochastic simulation. C R Biol 2010; 333:710-5. [PMID: 20965440 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic modeling of dairy cattle populations using multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) was used to compare 15-year genetic responses with an artificial insemination (AI) program. MOET and AI techniques were simulated in four populations, two with 100 breeding females each and two with 400 breeding females. The selection goal was to maximize genetic progress in milk yield. The reduction in genetic variation due to inbreeding and linkage disequilibrium was accounted for in the simulation process. All four MOET breeding schemes studied achieved larger genetic responses than the realized and theoretical genetic gains from the current AI progeny testing populations. Strict restriction against inbred matings slowed genetic progress significantly in the small population but would not be consequential in the larger population. However, allowing inbred matings in the smaller population caused a rapid accumulation of inbreeding. Linkage disequilibrium was as important as inbreeding in reducing genetic variation. Genetic drift variance was much smaller in the larger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rabaglino MB, Risco CA, Thatcher MJ, Kim IH, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW. Application of one injection of prostaglandin F(2alpha) in the five-day Co-Synch+CIDR protocol for estrous synchronization and resynchronization of dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1050-8. [PMID: 20172225 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine if the 5-d Co-Synch+CIDR (controlled internal drug releasing insert) protocol can be used in dairy heifers for a synchronized timed artificial insemination (TAI) with one injection of PGF(2alpha) for first and second services. In experiment 1, heifers were assigned randomly to receive 1 (n=295) or 2 (n=298) injections of PGF(2alpha) in the 5-d Co-Synch+CIDR protocol. Corpus luteum (CL) regression was measured in one replicate (n=218). No difference in pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI; 46.1 and 48.6%) or CL regression (86.9 and 92.8%) was detected for 1 versus 2 injections of PGF(2alpha), respectively. In experiment 2, nonpregnant heifers (n=86) were assigned to a resynchronized 5-d Co-Synch+CIDR with 1 PGF(2alpha)/TAI or insemination at detected estrus. There was no difference in P/TAI (52.2 and 55%) between groups. In experiment 3, nonpregnant heifers (n=110) were assigned randomly to receive a CIDR (n=54) or no CIDR insert (n=56) in the 5-d Co-Synch protocol for resynchronization of TAI. Pregnancy per TAI was lower without the CIDR device (39.3 vs. 51.8%). In a commercial field evaluation, 416 heifers were synchronized for the first and resynchronized TAI with the 5-d Co-Synch+CIDR protocol with 1 injection of PGF(2alpha). Pregnancy per TAI on d 60 was 58.2 and 47.5% for first and second TAI, respectively; there was a sire effect to the second TAI. In conclusion, the 5-d Co-Synch+CIDR protocol with 1 injection of PGF(2alpha) is an effective reproductive management program for first and second TAI in dairy heifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Rabaglino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buczinski S. Ultrasonographic Assessment of Late Term Pregnancy in Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2009; 25:753-65, Table of Contents. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
24
|
Olynk N, Wolf C. Stochastic economic analysis of dairy cattle artificial insemination reproductive management programs. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:1290-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|