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Ro Y, Choi W, Park J, Choe E, Kim D. Changes in plasma pH and blood and urinary macromineral concentrations in experimentally induced hypocalcemic cows with Na 2EDTA. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:962-966. [PMID: 32448812 PMCID: PMC7399321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to confirm the alterations of blood and urine parameters in artificially induced hypocalcemic cows. For a 2 × 2 cross-over design, four non-pregnant, non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (623 ± 63 kg) were utilized. Cows in the treatment and control group were infused with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) solution and normal saline through an intravenous catheter for 3 hr, respectively. Laboratory analyses included complete blood cell count, plasma chemistry, blood gas analysis and urine chemistry. During the hypocalcemic period, abnormal signs were not observed clinically, hematologically nor biochemically either in groups. But, plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations continued to decrease throughout Na2EDTA infusion, and significant group differences (P<0.05 or P<0.001) were detected until 5 hr after the initiation of infusion. Urinary excretions of these minerals were significantly reduced compared to the control group by 6 hr (Ca, P<0.05; Mg, P<0.001). Moreover, there is a significant group difference in the change in plasma pH at 1 hr after Na2EDTA infusion (P<0.05) and maintained a decreased level until 6 hr. Consequently, the blood pH was diminished simultaneously with hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia induction in cows infused with Na2EDTA. This phenomenon may be one of the mechanisms to recover normocalcemia including maximizing the effect of parathyroid hormone, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism to alter the blood pH in hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Ro
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Choi
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhui Choe
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Amundson LA, Rowson AD, Crump PM, Prichard AP, Cheng AA, Wimmler CE, Klister M, Weaver SR, Bascom SS, Nuzback DE, Zanzalari KP, Hernandez LL. Effect of induced hypocalcemia in nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows fed negative DCAD with low, medium, or high concentrations of calcium. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5010-5023. [PMID: 30321366 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine how feeding different dietary calcium (Ca) concentrations in combination with a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) would affect the cow's response to induced hypocalcemia. We conducted an experiment with multiparous, nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows fed a negative DCAD (average -18.2 across all diets) for 21 d with low (LC; 0.45% Ca; n = 5), medium (MC; 1.13% Ca; n = 6), or high (HC; 2.02% Ca; n = 6) concentrations of dietary Ca. Urine and blood samples were collected and urine pH measured daily during the 21-d feeding period prior to hypocalcemia challenge. Cows were then subjected to a controlled induction of hypocalcemia to determine how dietary Ca intake affected the response to a hypocalcemia challenge. On days 22, 23, and 24, hypocalcemia was induced with an intravenous infusion of 5% EGTA in 2 different cows from each treatment daily. During infusion, blood samples were collected every 15 min until 60% of prechallenge ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations were achieved. Samples were collected postinfusion at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 30, and every 30 min thereafter until 90% of prechallenge iCa was reached. Blood pH, hematocrit, and serum total Ca (tCa), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), and serotonin did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments during the feeding period. Blood iCa (P = 0.04) and glucose (P = 0.03) were significantly elevated in HC compared with LC and MC cows during the feeding period. Urine pH was less than 6.0 in all cows, but was lowest in LC (P = 0.02) compared with MC and HC cows during the feeding period. Urine Ca, P, Mg, and deoxypyridinoline did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Cows fed HC maintained higher concentrations of iCa (P = 0.03) during the challenge period than MC (P = 0.04), and LC (P = 0.004), and required a longer time to reach 60% of whole blood iCa, and required more EGTA to reach 60% iCa than MC or LC cows (P = 0.01). Serum tCa decreased in all cows during infusion (P < 0.0001) but did not differ among treatments. Serotonin concentrations were elevated in MC cows compared with HC and LC cows during EGTA infusion (P = 0.05), suggesting an interdependent relationship between iCa and serotonin. Cows fed HC had a slower rate of decrease in iCa, but not tCa, when induced with hypocalcemia, indicating potential metabolic benefits of feeding higher dietary Ca in combination with a negative DCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Amundson
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.,Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | | | - Peter M Crump
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Austin P Prichard
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Adrienne A Cheng
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Collin E Wimmler
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Marisa Klister
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | | | | | | | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
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Bani Hassan E, Nouri M, Vogrin S, Pyman M. Can neutral dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) decrease occurrence of clinical periparturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle? Aust Vet J 2018; 96:269-273. [PMID: 29944750 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjusting the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) is one of the most efficient ways to stimulate calcium homeostasis in periparturient dairy cattle. However, adjusting DCAD to the recommended negative values (-100 to -150 mEq/kg) is associated with decreased food intake and metabolic acidosis. The critical conditions of the animals at peripartum (i.e. drastic hormonal changes, decreased appetite and negative energy balance) can be detrimental to the health, productivity and welfare of the animals if combined with decreased feed intake caused by unpalatable acidogenic salts. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we analysed the ration of eight small to large dairy herds with intensive husbandry systems, including 6949 dry cows. Sodium, potassium, chlorine and sulfur concentrations in the feed were determined and DCAD was calculated. The DCAD of the ration of the farms ranged from -33.5 to +24.7 mEq/kg. Parturient paresis (PP, or milk fever) prevalence was investigated and correlated to DCAD values. RESULTS Clinical PP occurrence in the dairies of this investigation on average declined by 87% (ranging from a 97% decline to 5% increase). This indicates that adjusting DCAD at neutral values (0 ± 30 mEq/kg range) may both lower the PP prevalence and increase ration palatability by lowering acidogenic salts in the ration. CONCLUSIONS Further research is recommended to investigate the effects of neutral DCAD on subclinical hypocalcaemia and food intake of the cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bani Hassan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science and Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Nouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science and Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Pyman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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Oba M, Oakley A, Tremblay G. Dietary Ca concentration to minimize the risk of hypocalcaemia in dairy cows is affected by the dietary cation–anion difference. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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