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Sun X, Zhao R, Wang X, Wu Y, Yang D, Wang J, Wu Z, Wang N, Zhang J, Xiao B, Chen J, Huang F, Chen A. A smartphone-based diagnostic analyzer for point-of-care milk somatic cell counting. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342540. [PMID: 38637050 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis, a pervasive and detrimental disease in dairy farming, poses a significant challenge to the global dairy industry. Monitoring the milk somatic cell count (SCC) is vital for assessing the incidence of mastitis and the quality of raw cow's milk. However, existing SCC detection methods typically require large-scale instruments and specialized operators, limiting their application in resource-constrained settings such as dairy farms and small-scale labs. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel, smartphone-based, on-site SCC testing method that leverages smartphone capabilities for milk somatic cell identification and enumeration, offering a portable and user-friendly testing platform. RESULTS The central findings of our study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for counting milk somatic cells. Its on-site applicability, facilitated by the microfluidic chip, optical system, and smartphone integration, heralds a paradigm shift in point-of-care testing (POCT) for dairy farms and smaller laboratories. This approach bypasses complex processing and presents a user-friendly solution for real-time SCC monitoring in resource-limited settings. This device boasts several unique features: small size, low cost (<$1,000 total manufacturing cost and <$1 per test), and high accuracy. Remarkably, it delivers test results within just 2 min. Actual-sample testing confirmed its consistency with results from the commercial Bentley FTS/FCM cytometer, affirming the reliability of the proposed method. Overall, these results underscore the potential for transformative change in dairy farm management and laboratory testing practices. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, this study concludes that the proposed smartphone-based method significantly contributes to the accessibility and ease of SCC testing in resource-limited environments. By fostering the use of POCT technology in food safety control, particularly in the dairy industry, this innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of mastitis, ultimately benefiting the global dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Sun
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ruiming Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- Beijing BETA Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Yunlong Wu
- Beijing BETA Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Degang Yang
- Beijing BETA Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Beijing BETA Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing BETA Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiaci Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fengchun Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Smistad M, Inglingstad RAE, Skeie S. Seasonal dynamics of bulk milk somatic cell count in grazing Norwegian dairy goats. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:205-209. [PMID: 38646570 PMCID: PMC11026911 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Somatic cell count (SCC) is a widely used indicator of milk quality in the dairy industry. It is a relatively good indicator of udder health in dairy cows, but strongly confounded by non-infection factors, including season, in dairy goats. This study's objectives were to estimate the variation in SCC explained by season and stage of lactation. We also investigated associations between SCC and other milk quality parameters routinely measured, including total bacterial count, fat, protein, and lactose content, in different seasons and stages of lactation. In this observational study, we included results from the routine analyses of bulk milk samples (n = 5,180) collected every third day in 88 Norwegian goat herds through one year. Herd information was collected via a questionnaire and from the dairy herd recording system. The herds had a notable increase in bulk SCC associated with the pasture season. The median bulk SCC was 470,000 cells/mL in deliveries from the indoor spring period and 1,100,000 cells/mL in the pasture season. During the indoor fall season, when most goat herds are in late lactation, the median SCC was 940,000 cells/mL. The combined effect of the season and herd stage of lactation explained 53.5% of the variation in bulk milk SCC. Fat and protein contents varied significantly with season and stage of lactation, and the association with SCC was non-significant for fat content and explained less than 3% of the variation in protein content. Lactose content was associated with SCC, stage of lactation, and season. Total bacterial count was associated with SCC and the indoor seasons. Determination of normal seasonal variation of goat bulk milk SCC is necessary to establish thresholds for defining milk as abnormal and unacceptable for further processing and improving the usefulness of SCC as a tool for milk quality improvement in dairy goats. The results suggest that SCC thresholds for taking action to improve the milk quality should be adjusted for season and stage of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Smistad
- TINE SA, R&D Department, Farm Advisory Services, Chr. Magnus Falsens vei 18, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Siv Skeie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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de Geus Y, Scherpenisse P, Smit LAM, Bossers A, Stegeman JA, Benedictus L, Spieß L, Koop G. Total bacterial count and somatic cell count in bulk and individual goat milk around kidding: two longitudinal observational studies. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00742-2. [PMID: 38608959 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) are important quality parameters in goat milk. Exceeding the bulk milk TBC (BMTBC) thresholds leads to price penalties for Dutch dairy goat farmers. Controlling these milk quality parameters can be challenging, especially around kidding. First, we describe the variation and the peaks around kidding of TBC and SCC in census data on Dutch bulk milk over the last 22 years. Second, to explore causes of these elevations, we studied the variation of TBC and SCC in individual goat milk from 3 weeks before to 5 weeks after kidding and their association with systemic response markers interferon-γ (IFN-γ), calprotectin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), body condition score (BCS) and fecal consistency. We visited 4 Dutch dairy goat farms weekly for 10 to 16 weeks around kidding. Some of the goats had been dried off, other goats were milked continuously throughout pregnancy. A total of 1,886 milk samples from 141 goats were collected for automated flowcytometric quantification of TBC and SCC measurement. IFN-γ, calprotectin and BHB were determined twice in blood of the same goats, most samples were collected after kidding. The BCS and fecal consistency were scored visually before and after kidding. We found a strong correlation between TBC and SCC (Spearman's rho = 0.87) around kidding. Furthermore, in the third week before kidding, the average TBC (5.67 log10 cfu/mL) and SCC (6.70 log10 cells/mL) were significantly higher compared with the fifth week after kidding, where the average TBC decreased to 4.20 log10 cfu/mL and the average SCC decreased to 5.92 log10 cells/mL. In multivariable linear regression models, farm and stage of lactation were significantly associated with TBC and SCC, but none of the systemic response markers correlated with TBC or SCC. In conclusion, TBC and SCC in dairy goats were high in late lactation and decreased shortly after parturition. For SCC, the dilution effect might have caused the decrease, but this was not plausible for TBC. Moreover, the excretion of bacteria and cells in goat milk was not associated with the selected systemic response markers that were chosen as a read out for general immunity status, intestinal health and metabolic diseases. Therefore, we assume that the TBC increase before kidding and the decrease after parturition is caused by other systemic, possibly hormonal, processes. To reduce BMTBC and BMSCC, it would be advisable to keep milk of goats with highest numbers of bacteria and cells in their milk out of the bulk milk during end lactation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of withholding this end lactation milk from the bulk tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y de Geus
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - P Scherpenisse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J A Stegeman
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Benedictus
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Spieß
- Qlip laboratories, 7200 AC Zutphen, the Netherlands
| | - G Koop
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hoving-Bolink RAH, Antonis AFG, te Pas MFW, Schokker D. An observational study of the presence and variability of the microbiota composition of goat herd milk related to mainstream and artisanal farm management. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292650. [PMID: 37797079 PMCID: PMC10553829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is produced on mainstream and artisanal farms. It was expected that the farm management may influence the microbial population of the milk. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial content and microbiota composition of raw milk in relation to Dutch goat farm management. After amplicon sequencing we analyzed the taxa at phylum and genus levels, and used the relative values enabling to provide information about the variation among the different samples. On ten farms our results indicated that the number of bacterial colony forming units and microbiota composition of the milk, directly after milking was variable among farms and not related to the farm management system. At the phylum level the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and to a minor extend Bacteriodota were the dominant phyla in the raw goat milk, together usually comprising 90% of the total bacterial phyla. The most dominant genera were Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, Microbacteria, Acinetobacteria, and Corinebacteria. The number of bacterial phyla and genera does not differ between the mainstream and artisanal farms, although the Shannon index may be numerically higher in the mainstream farms as compared to artisanal farms. In addition, the variability is higher among artisanal farms, which may be due to less standardization of the management. The milk microbiota composition differed among farms. Repeated sampling of a farm showed that this changed over time. The lactic acid producing bacteria showed a similar pattern. Variable microbiota richness amount and diversity of microorganisms were present in different farming systems. We concluded that farm-specific management and sampling moment were the major determining factors for the milk microbiota composition.
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Wójtowski JA, Majcher M, Danków R, Pikul J, Mikołajczak P, Molińska-Glura M, Foksowicz-Flaczyk J, Gryszczyńska A, Łowicki Z, Zajączek K, Czyżak-Runowska G, Markiewicz-Kęszycka M, Stanisławski D. Effect of Herbal Feed Additives on Goat Milk Volatile Flavor Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:2963. [PMID: 37569232 PMCID: PMC10418787 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of herbal supplements administered to goats on sensory quality and volatile flavor compounds in their milk. The experiment was conducted on sixty Polish white improved goats randomly allocated into five feeding groups (four experimental and one control) of twelve goats each. The trial lasted 12 weeks. The experimental animals received supplements containing a mixture of seven or nine different species of herbs at 20 or 40 g/animal/day. The control group received feed without any herbal supplements. Milk obtained from experimental and control groups of animals was characterized by a low content of aroma compounds, with only 11 chemical compounds being identified. Decanoic methyl ester, methylo 2-heptanone and methylo-butanoic methyl ester had the highest share in the total variability of the tested aroma compounds (PCA). During the sensory evaluation, the smell and taste of most of the samples were similar (p > 0.05). However, the addition of herbal feed supplements lowered the concentration of Caproic acid (C6:0), Caprylic acid (C8:0) and Capric acid (C10:0), which caused a significant reduction in the goaty smell of milk. The obtained results indicate that the studied herbal supplements can reduce the intensity of goaty smell and allow goat milk production without modification of other sensory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Antoni Wójtowski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Majcher
- Laboratory of Research on Volatile and Sensorally Active Compounds, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Romualda Danków
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (R.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Pikul
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (R.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Przemysław Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marta Molińska-Glura
- Department of Forest Economics and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Joanna Foksowicz-Flaczyk
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gryszczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland; (A.G.); (Z.Ł.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zdzisław Łowicki
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland; (A.G.); (Z.Ł.); (K.Z.)
| | - Karolina Zajączek
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland; (A.G.); (Z.Ł.); (K.Z.)
| | - Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maria Markiewicz-Kęszycka
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Stanisławski
- Computer Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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Singha S, Ceciliani F, Rahman MM, Mannan MA, Chowdhury S, Nath SC, Paul OB, Persson Y, Boqvist S. Factors influencing somatic cell counts and bacterial contamination in unpasteurized milk obtained from water buffalo in Bangladesh. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:242. [PMID: 37328619 PMCID: PMC10276108 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little has been published on the factors influencing the safety and quality of milk derived from water buffalo in Bangladesh. This study aims to describe the milk hygiene parameters and milk chain characteristics of unpasteurized raw milk sold to consumers in order to improve milk hygiene. A quantitative study design evaluated somatic cell counts, total bacterial counts, and specific gram-negative (Enterobacteria) and gram-positive (staphylococci) pathogens in 377 aseptically collected milk samples. Samples were collected at multiple nodes along the buffalo milk value chain: 122 bulk tank milk samples were collected at the farm level, 109 milk samples at the middlemen level, and 111 milk samples at the milk collection centers. In addition, 35 samples were taken from various milk products at the retail level. It was found that progressively increasing somatic cell counts and bacterial counts, including potential pathogens, occurred along the milk chain. A seasonal increase in spring was found, varying based on the farming system (semi-intensive versus intensive). Other factors included water purity and cleanliness of containers, mixing buffalo and cow's milk, and the location of the water buffalo milk producer (coastal or river basin). This study demonstrated how improving udder health and milk hygiene along the water buffalo milk value chain would increase the safety and quality of water buffalo milk in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvo Singha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Mannan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjib Chandra Nath
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Sustainable Enterprise Project, Sagarika Samaj Unnayan Sangstha, Subarnachar, Noakhali, 3812, Bangladesh
| | - Ovirup Bhushan Paul
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Buffalo Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Ylva Persson
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- Udder Health Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sun X, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Xiao B, Huang F, Chen A. Milk somatic cell count: From conventional microscope method to new biosensor-based method. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Physiological Aspects of Milk Somatic Cell Count in Small Ruminants—A Review. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to focus on the physiological aspects of milk somatic cell count (SCC) in small ruminants (SM). The SCC is an important component naturally present in milk and is generally used as an indicator of milk quality and udder health in milk producing ruminants. SCC contains the following cells: polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), macrophages, lymphocytes, and many milk epithelial (MEC) cells, cell fragments, and cytoplasmic particles/vesicles. PMN (40–80%) represent the major cell type in milk in healthy uninfected goats, whereas the macrophages (45–88%) are the major cell type in sheep’s milk. However, dairy goats and sheep have an apocrine secretory system that produces cytoplasmic cellular particles/vesicles and large numbers of cell fragments, resulting in the physiological SCC limit being exceeded. It is obvious that the SCC level in milk of SM can be affected by various influencing factors, such as milk fraction, breed, stage of lactation, parity, type of birth, milking system, and others. An increase in the SCC above the physiological level not only indicates an udder or general health problem but reduces milk production, changes the milk composition, and hence affects milk processing. Moreover, the milking machine plays an important role in maintaining udder health in SM and stable SCC at physiological levels in the milk obtained. So far, there are no healthy or pathological physiological SCC levels defined in SM milk. Furthermore, a differential cell count (DCC) or even a high resolution DCC (HRDCC), which were recently developed for cattle milk, could also help in SM to gain deeper insight into the immunology of the mammary gland and find biomarkers to assess udder health. In conclusion, SCC is an indication of udder health or exposure of the udder to infectious agents or mechanical stress and should therefore always be considered a warning sign.
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Extensive countrywide field investigation of somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts in bulk tank raw milk in goat herds in Greece. J DAIRY RES 2021; 88:307-313. [PMID: 34392841 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029921000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dairy goat farming is an important sector of the agricultural industry in Greece, with an annual total milk production exceeding 450 000 l and accounting for over 25% of all goat milk produced in the European Union; this milk is used mainly for cheese production. Despite the importance of goat milk for the agricultural sector in Greece, no systematic countrywide investigations in the bulk-tank milk of goats in Greece have been reported. Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in raw bulk-tank milk of goat herds in Greece, study factors influencing SCC and TBC therein and evaluate their possible associations with milk content. Throughout Greece, 119 dairy goat herds were visited for milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC and TBC were 0.838 × 106 cells ml-1 and 581 × 103 cfu ml-1, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed annual frequency of check-ups of milking system and total milk quantity per goat (among 53 variables) to be significant for increased SCC; no factor emerged (among 58 variables) to be significant for increased TBC. Negative correlation of SCC with total protein was found; mean total protein content in the bulk-tank milk in herds with SCC >0.75 × 106 cells ml-1 was 5.1% lower and in herds with SCC >1.5 × 106 cells ml-1, it was 7.8% lower.
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Lopes WD, Monte DFMD, de Leon CMGC, Moura JFPD, Silva NMVD, Queiroga RDCRDE, Gonzaga Neto S, Givisiez PEN, Pereira WE, Oliveira CJBD. Logistic regression model reveals major factors associated with total bacteria and somatic cell counts in goat bulk milk. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most important cause of clinical mastitis in goats, and non-aureus staphylococci is the most common isolate from subclinical mastitis. Environmental streptococci are a severe problem. Somatic cell counts and California mastitis test are a screening test for mastitis and an indicator of poor udder health, but values should be interpreted differently than with dairy cattle. Somatic cell scores likely are a more useful way of viewing data. High bacterial counts in milk are common; mastitis may be involved as a cause. Proper udder preparation, milking procedure, and postmilking management are key factors in mastitis control.
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Lianou DT, Michael CK, Vasileiou NGC, Petinaki E, Cripps PJ, Tsilipounidaki K, Katsafadou AI, Politis AP, Kordalis NG, Ioannidi KS, Gougoulis DA, Trikalinou C, Orfanou DC, Fragkou IA, Angelidou E, Katsarou EI, Tzora A, Albenzio M, Mavrogianni VS, Caroprese M, Fthenakis GC. Extensive Countrywide Field Investigation of Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts in Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep Flocks in Greece. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020268. [PMID: 33525696 PMCID: PMC7911129 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in the raw bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks in Greece, to study factors potentially influencing increased SCC and TBC in the bulk-tank milk of sheep and to evaluate possible associations of SCC and TBC with milk content. Throughout Greece, 325 dairy sheep flocks were visited for collection of milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC were 0.488 × 106 cells mL-1; geometric mean TBC were 398 × 103 cfu mL-1; 228 staphylococcal isolates were recovered form 206 flocks (63.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed annual incidence risk of clinical mastitis, age of the farmer and month into lactation period (among 53 variables) to be significant for SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1 and month into lactation period at sampling and availability of mechanical ventilators (among 58 variables) to be significant for TBC > 1500 × 103 cfu mL-1. Negative correlation of SCC with fat, total protein and lactose and positive correlation of SCC with added water were found. With SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1, significant reduction of protein content (2%) was observed, whilst in flocks with SCC > 1.5 × 106 cells mL-1, significantly lower annual milk production per ewe (42.9%) was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (K.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Peter J. Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK;
| | | | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Antonis P. Politis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Nikos G. Kordalis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Dimitris A. Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Denise C. Orfanou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Ilektra A. Fragkou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Elisavet Angelidou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Athina Tzora
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece;
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Kuchtík J, Šustová K, Sýkora V, Kalhotka L, Pavlata L, Konečná L. Changes in the somatic cells counts and total bacterial counts in raw goat milk during lactation and their relationships to selected milk traits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1913077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuchtík
- Ústav chovu a šlechtění zvířat, Faculty of AgriSciences (FA), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Šustová
- Ústav technologie potravin, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Katedra gastronomie a hotelového managementu, College of Business and Hotel Management, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Sýkora
- Ústav technologie potravin, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kalhotka
- Ústav agrochemie, půdoznalství, mikrobiologie a výživy rostlin, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leoš Pavlata
- Ústav výživy zvířat a pícninářství, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Konečná
- Ústav chovu a šlechtění zvířat, Faculty of AgriSciences (FA), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Jabbar A, Saleem MH, Iqbal MZ, Qasim M, Ashraf M, Tolba MM, Nasser HA, Sajjad H, Hassan A, Imran M, Ahmad I. Epidemiology and antibiogram of common mastitis-causing bacteria in Beetal goats. Vet World 2020; 13:2596-2607. [PMID: 33487976 PMCID: PMC7811533 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2596-2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mastitis has been identified as the most prevalent and economically imperative disease among dairy animals. Thus, understanding its common bacterial pathogens and risk factors is necessary to improve udder health at herd, region, or country level. However, scientific research on caprine mastitis, especially on Beetal breed, has remained to be insufficient in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and antibiogram assay of common mastitis-causing bacterial agents, that is, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli, in dairy goats. Materials and Methods: In total, 500 Beetal goats, irrespective of age and those that were not treated with any kind of antimicrobial agents during the past 120 h, were screened using California Mastitis Test in Pattoki, Kasur District, whereas epidemiological factors were recorded. The milk samples of mastitic goats were then collected and processed using standard methods. Each sample was primarily cultured on nutrient agar. Using a specific medium, each bacterial colony was separated using several streak methods. Six antibiotic disks belonging to different antibiotic groups were used for antibiogram profiling of bacterial isolates. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of baseline characteristics and mastitis occurrence. Meanwhile, multivariable logistic regression (p<0.001) was utilized to determine the risk factors associated with positive and negative dichotomous outcome of mastitis. Results: The results revealed that the overall prevalence of goat mastitis was 309 (61.8%), in which 260 (52%) and 49 (9.8%) cases were positive for subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM), respectively. Streptococcus and E. coli were found to be the predominant isolates causing SCM and CM, respectively (p<0.001). It was observed that amoxicillin+clavulanic acid was highly sensitive to isolates of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus and ceftiofur sodium to isolates of Streptococcus and E. coli., while enrofloxacin was found to be sensitive to isolates of Streptococcus and E. coli. Risk factors such as herd structure, deworming, vaccination, presence of ticks, use of teat dip and mineral supplements, feeding type, age, parity, housing, blood in the milk, milk leakage, milk taste, and milk yield were found to have the strongest association with mastitis occurrence, while ease of milking has moderate association. Conclusion: In the area examined, cases of SCM were found to be higher compared with that of CM, and ceftiofur sodium has been identified as the preferred treatment in both clinical and subclinical forms of caprine mastitis in Beetal goats. Risk factors for mastitis that was identified in this study can form the basis for the creation of an udder health control program specific for dairy goats. We hope our findings could raise awareness of the risk factors and treatment approaches for common mastitis-causing bacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Saleem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Economics, Finance, and Statistics Jonkoping University, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud M Tolba
- Biomedical Informatics and Biotechnology Group, Department of Informatics and Systems, Division of Engineering research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Ahmed Nasser
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helipolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hira Sajjad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hassan
- Department of Surgery and Pet sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Gonzalo C, Juárez M, García-Jimeno M, De La Fuente L. Bulk tank somatic cell count and total bacterial count are affected by target practices and milking machine features in dairy sheep flocks in Castilla y León region, Spain. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Busanello M, de Freitas LN, Winckler JPP, Farias HP, Dos Santos Dias CT, Cassoli LD, Machado PF. Month-wise variation and prediction of bulk tank somatic cell count in Brazilian dairy herds and its impact on payment based on milk quality. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:26. [PMID: 28824798 PMCID: PMC5558750 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Payment programs based on milk quality (PPBMQ) are used in several countries around the world as an incentive to improve milk quality. One of the principal milk parameters used in such programs is the bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). In this study, using data from an average of 37,000 farms per month in Brazil where milk was analyzed, BTSCC data were divided into different payment classes based on milk quality. Then, descriptive and graphical analyses were performed. The probability of a change to a worse payment class was calculated, future BTSCC values were predicted using time series models, and financial losses due to the failure to reach the maximum bonus for the payment based on milk quality were simulated. Results In Brazil, the mean BTSCC has remained high in recent years, without a tendency to improve. The probability of changing to a worse payment class was strongly affected by both the BTSCC average and BTSCC standard deviation for classes 1 and 2 (1000–200,000 and 201,000–400,000 cells/mL, respectively) and only by the BTSCC average for classes 3 and 4 (401,000–500,000 and 501,000–800,000 cells/mL, respectively). The time series models indicated that at some point in the year, farms would not remain in their current class and would accrue financial losses due to payments based on milk quality. Conclusion The BTSCC for Brazilian dairy farms has not recently improved. The probability of a class change to a worse class is a metric that can aid in decision-making and stimulate farmers to improve milk quality. A time series model can be used to predict the future value of the BTSCC, making it possible to estimate financial losses and to show, moreover, that financial losses occur in all classes of the PPBMQ because the farmers do not remain in the best payment class in all months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Busanello
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Larissa Nazareth de Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - João Pedro Pereira Winckler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Hiron Pereira Farias
- Department of Exact Sciences, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias
- Department of Exact Sciences, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Laerte Dagher Cassoli
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Paulo Fernando Machado
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, "Luiz de Queiroz"/University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Campus Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900 Brazil
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Koop G, Islam MN, Rahman MM, Khatun M, Ferdous J, Sayeed MA, Islam S, Ahaduzzaman M, Akter S, Mannan A, Hassan MM, Dissanayake R, Hoque MA. Risk factors and therapy for goat mastitis in a hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med 2015; 124:52-7. [PMID: 26775816 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bangladesh has a large population of goats, which contribute to the income, nutrition and welfare of the households of many families. Mastitis in goats has a low incidence, but is often very severe, making veterinary care necessary. The aim of this study was to identify seasonality and risk factors for goat mastitis in a hospital-based matched case-control study in a teaching veterinary hospital in Chittagong, Bangladesh and to describe the range of antimicrobial treatments applied in this situation. Cases of mastitis and controls were drawn from the hospital patient recording system, along with their risk factor status. Multiple imputation was applied to deal with the missing values in the data analysis. Mastitis occurred somewhat more in the rainy season, and comprised about 3% of all goats admitted to the hospital during January 2011-June 2014. Free-ranging farming system, poor body condition score and non-native goat breeds were significantly associated with case status. Treatment of clinical mastitis was variable and unsystematic, but the use of gentamicin was commonly recorded. The need for more prudent and evidence-based antimicrobial therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3583CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Momena Khatun
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Shariful Islam
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ahaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Sazeda Akter
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Shahedul Alam Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital, CVASU, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, CVASU, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Ravi Dissanayake
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Regional Support Unit for SAARC, Nepal.
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
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Carloni E, Petruzzelli A, Amagliani G, Brandi G, Caverni F, Mangili P, Tonucci F. Effect of farm characteristics and practices on hygienic quality of ovine raw milk used for artisan cheese production in central Italy. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:591-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Carloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sez. Igiene; Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | | | - Giulia Amagliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sez. Igiene; Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sez. Igiene; Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Francesco Caverni
- ASSAM; Agenzia Servizi Settore Agroalimentare delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | | | - Franco Tonucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche; Pesaro Italy
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McDougall S, Malcolm D, Prosser CG. Prevalence and incidence of intramammary infections in lactating dairy goats. N Z Vet J 2014; 62:136-45. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2013.865294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Flores-Miyamoto A, Reij MW, Velthuis AGJ. Do farm audits improve milk quality? J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1-9. [PMID: 24183685 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Flores-Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Business Economics, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M W Reij
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A G J Velthuis
- Business Economics, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; GD Animal Health Service, PO Box 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, the Netherlands
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Hogerwerf L, Courcoul A, Klinkenberg D, Beaudeau F, Vergu E, Nielen M. Dairy goat demography and Q fever infection dynamics. Vet Res 2013; 44:28. [PMID: 23621908 PMCID: PMC3648346 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 2007 and 2009, the largest human Q fever epidemic ever described occurred in the Netherlands. The source was traced back to dairy goat farms, where abortion storms had been observed since 2005. Since one putative cause of these abortion storms is the intensive husbandry systems in which the goats are kept, the objective of this study was to assess whether these could be explained by herd size, reproductive pattern and other demographic aspects of Dutch dairy goat herds alone. We adapted an existing, fully parameterized simulation model for Q fever transmission in French dairy cattle herds to represent the demographics typical for Dutch dairy goat herds. The original model represents the infection dynamics in a herd of 50 dairy cows after introduction of a single infected animal; the adapted model has 770 dairy goats. For a full comparison, herds of 770 cows and 50 goats were also modeled. The effects of herd size and goat versus cattle demographics on the probability of and time to extinction of the infection, environmental bacterial load and abortion rate were studied by simulation. The abortion storms could not be fully explained by demographics alone. Adequate data were lacking at the moment to attribute the difference to characteristics of the pathogen, host, within-herd environment, or a combination thereof. The probability of extinction was higher in goat herds than in cattle herds of the same size. The environmental contamination was highest within cattle herds, which may be taken into account when enlarging cattle farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Hogerwerf
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands.
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de Garnica ML, Linage B, Carriedo JA, De La Fuente LF, García-Jimeno MC, Santos JA, Gonzalo C. Relationship among specific bacterial counts and total bacterial and somatic cell counts and factors influencing their variation in ovine bulk tank milk. J Dairy Sci 2012. [PMID: 23200475 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the relationship among the counts of different organisms and total bacterial count (BTTBC) and somatic cell count (BTSCC) as determined in dairy laboratories in ovine bulk tank milk, 751 bulk tank milk samples from 205 dairy sheep flocks belonging to Consortium for Ovine Promotion (CPO) were collected between January and December 2011. Four samplings were carried out in each flock, once per season, throughout 1 yr. Variables analyzed were bulk tank counts of thermoduric, psychrotrophic, coliform, and gram-positive catalase-negative cocci (GPCNC) bacterial groups. Thermoduric, psychrotrophic, and coliform species were significantly related to BTTBC, whereas GPCNC were correlated with both BTTBC and BTSCC variables. Highest counts were for psychrotroph and coliform groups, and a moderate to high correlation (r=0.51) was found between both variables, indicating that poor cleaning practices in the flocks tend to select for less-resistant organisms, such as gram-negative rods. In addition, BTTBC correlated with BTSCC (r=0.42). Some variation factors for specific bacterial counts, such as breed, season, milking type, dry therapy, and milk yield, were also analyzed. Flock information was collected from flock books, annual audits, and the CPO traceability system. Psychrotrophs and coliforms had elevated counts in winter, whereas GPCNC were higher in summer and in hand-milked flocks. Dry therapy contributed to the reduction in psychrotrophic bacteria; therefore, some strains of mammary pathogens could also be psychrotrophic bacteria. Results of this study would be helpful for troubleshooting milk quality problems and developing premium payment systems in dairy sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L de Garnica
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071-León, Spain
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Koop G, Nielen M, van Werven T. Diagnostic tools to monitor udder health in dairy goats. Vet Q 2012; 32:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2012.675634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Ramsahoi L, Gao A, Fabri M, Odumeru J. Assessment of the application of an automated electronic milk analyzer for the enumeration of total bacteria in raw goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3279-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Koop G, van Werven T, Toft N, Nielen M. Estimating test characteristics of somatic cell count to detect Staphylococcus aureus-infected dairy goats using latent class analysis. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2902-11. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Koop G, van Werven T, Schuiling H, Nielen M. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:5809-17. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Koop G, Dik N, Nielen M, Lipman LJA. Short communication: Repeatability of differential goat bulk milk culture and associations with somatic cell count, total bacterial count, and standard plate count. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2569-73. [PMID: 20494165 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess how different bacterial groups in bulk milk are related to bulk milk somatic cell count (SCC), bulk milk total bacterial count (TBC), and bulk milk standard plate count (SPC) and to measure the repeatability of bulk milk culturing. On 53 Dutch dairy goat farms, 3 bulk milk samples were collected at intervals of 2 wk. The samples were cultured for SPC, coliform count, and staphylococcal count and for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, SCC (Fossomatic 5000, Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) and TBC (BactoScan FC 150, Foss) were measured. Staphylococcal count was correlated to SCC (r=0.40), TBC (r=0.51), and SPC (r=0.53). Coliform count was correlated to TBC (r=0.33), but not to any of the other variables. Staphylococcus aureus did not correlate to SCC. The contribution of the staphylococcal count to the SPC was 31%, whereas the coliform count comprised only 1% of the SPC. The agreement of the repeated measurements was low. This study indicates that staphylococci in goat bulk milk are related to SCC and make a significant contribution to SPC. Because of the high variation in bacterial counts, repeated sampling is necessary to draw valid conclusions from bulk milk culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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