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Katsafadou AI, Vasileiou NG, Tsangaris GT, Ioannidi KS, Anagnostopoulos AK, Billinis C, Fragkou IA, Papadopoulos E, Mavrogianni VS, Lianou DT, Chatzopoulos DC, Fthenakis GC. Presence of Cathelicidin-1 in Milk as an Indicator of the Severity of Mammary Infection in Ewes. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617999200510234638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection
in ewes.
Background:
Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare.
Objective:
The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis
with the severity of the infection.
Methods:
Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus
chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements)
and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical
densities in milk samples were recorded.
Results:
Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S.
chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenged organism was isolated from milk samples
from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-
1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density
of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica
was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P
=0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell
counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively).
There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1
in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031).
Conclusion:
Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage
to the mammary parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | | | - Dafni T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece
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Katsarou EI, Chatzopoulos DC, Giannoulis T, Ioannidi KS, Katsafadou AI, Kontou PI, Lianou DT, Mamuris Z, Mavrogianni VS, Michael CK, Papadopoulos E, Petinaki E, Sarrou S, Vasileiou NGC, Fthenakis GC. MLST-Based Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis from Cases of Sheep Mastitis in Greece. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10030170. [PMID: 33668332 PMCID: PMC7996216 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important causal agent of ovine mastitis. A literature search indicated a lack of systematic studies of causal agents of the infection by using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The objectives were to analyse MLST-based data and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of S. epidermidis isolates from ovine mastitis in Greece. The database included 1593 isolates from 46 countries: 1215 of human, 195 of environmental and 134 of animal origin, distributed into 949 sequence types (STs) and cumulatively with 450 alleles therein. Among mastitis isolates, bovine isolates were distributed into 36 different STs and ovine ones into 15 STs. The 33 isolates from ovine mastitis in Greece were in 15 different STs, 6 of these (ST677, ST678, ST700, ST 709, ST710, ST711) assigned for the first time; in addition, 5 alleles (65 for arcC, 59 for aroE, 56 and 57 for gtr and 48 for tpiA) were identified for the first time. The spanning tree of these isolates included 15 nodes and 14 edges (i.e., branches). Among these isolates, 19 showed resistance to antimicrobial agents (tetracycline, penicillin, fucidic adic, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefoxitin). Resistance-related genes (tetK, tetT, msrA, tetM, tetS, ermC, mecA) were detected. There was no association between STs and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Isolates with antimicrobial resistance were recovered more often from flocks where hand-milking was practised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Themis Giannoulis
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (T.G.); (N.G.C.V.)
| | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Panagiota I. Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece;
| | - Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Styliani Sarrou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia G. C. Vasileiou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (T.G.); (N.G.C.V.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.I.K.); (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.T.L.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Lianou DT, Michael CK, Vasileiou NGC, Petinaki E, Cripps PJ, Tsilipounidaki K, Katsafadou AI, Politis AP, Kordalis NG, Ioannidi KS, Gougoulis DA, Trikalinou C, Orfanou DC, Fragkou IA, Angelidou E, Katsarou EI, Tzora A, Albenzio M, Mavrogianni VS, Caroprese M, Fthenakis GC. Extensive Countrywide Field Investigation of Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts in Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep Flocks in Greece. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020268. [PMID: 33525696 PMCID: PMC7911129 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in the raw bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks in Greece, to study factors potentially influencing increased SCC and TBC in the bulk-tank milk of sheep and to evaluate possible associations of SCC and TBC with milk content. Throughout Greece, 325 dairy sheep flocks were visited for collection of milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC were 0.488 × 106 cells mL-1; geometric mean TBC were 398 × 103 cfu mL-1; 228 staphylococcal isolates were recovered form 206 flocks (63.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed annual incidence risk of clinical mastitis, age of the farmer and month into lactation period (among 53 variables) to be significant for SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1 and month into lactation period at sampling and availability of mechanical ventilators (among 58 variables) to be significant for TBC > 1500 × 103 cfu mL-1. Negative correlation of SCC with fat, total protein and lactose and positive correlation of SCC with added water were found. With SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1, significant reduction of protein content (2%) was observed, whilst in flocks with SCC > 1.5 × 106 cells mL-1, significantly lower annual milk production per ewe (42.9%) was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (K.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Peter J. Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK;
| | | | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Antonis P. Politis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Nikos G. Kordalis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Dimitris A. Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Denise C. Orfanou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Ilektra A. Fragkou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Elisavet Angelidou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Athina Tzora
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece;
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Chatzopoulos DC, Vasileiou NGC, Ioannidi KS, Katsafadou AI, Mavrogianni VS, Michael CK, Katsarou EI, Karavanis E, Papadopoulos N, Sbiraki A, Athanasiou LV, Billinis C, Fthenakis GC. Experimental Study of the Potential Role of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae in the Diarrhoeic Syndrome of Lambs. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020113. [PMID: 33498660 PMCID: PMC7912070 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this experimental work were the evaluation of the potential role of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae in diarrhoeic syndrome in lambs and the investigation of facets of the pathogenesis of the infection. In total, 12 lambs were challenged orally on the first day of life, with a S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolate from a clinical case of diarrhoeic syndrome. Sequential blood, faecal and buccal samples were collected from lambs and faecal and milk samples were taken from their dams. Lambs were euthanised 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after challenge. Samples were processed for recovery of the challenge organism; they were also subjected to examination by PCR for detection of the invA gene. Tissue samples from lambs were also examined as above and histopathologically. S. enterica subsp. diarizonae was recovered from faecal samples of all lambs, in total, from 45/77 samples (median duration: 2.4 days post-inoculation). It was also recovered from buccal samples (10/77) from seven lambs (median duration: 0.8 days), and from tissue samples (small intestine, abomasum, liver, gallbladder) of nine lambs. It was recovered from two consecutive milk samples from the same ewe, but not from any faecal sample from ewes. The invA gene was detected in samples from all lambs (median duration: 5.5 days in faecal and 1.3 days in buccal samples), as well as in milk samples from three ewes. Histopathological findings included abomasitis with subepithelial presence of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, consistently observed in all lambs. In the small intestine, salient lesions initially included distension and oedema of intestinal villi, leucocytic infiltration and hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules with apparent germinal centres; this was followed at later stages by atrophy and/or degeneration of the lymphoid tissue of the intestine with marked subepithelial infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Emmanouil Karavanis
- Histopathology Laboratory, 3rd Veterinary Hospital of Greek Army, 57000 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Histopathology Laboratory, 3rd Veterinary Hospital of Greek Army, 57000 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Afroditi Sbiraki
- Veterinary Laboratory of Halkida, Hellenic State Veterinary Service, 34150 Halkida, Greece;
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.C.C.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (V.S.M.); (C.K.M.); (E.I.K.); (L.V.A.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Lianou DT, Chatziprodromidou IP, Vasileiou NGC, Michael CK, Mavrogianni VS, Politis AP, Kordalis NG, Billinis C, Giannakopoulos A, Papadopoulos E, Giannenas I, Ioannidi KS, Katsafadou AI, Gougoulis DA, Lacasta D, Caroprese M, Fthenakis GC. A Detailed Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Health Management in Dairy Sheep and Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091489. [PMID: 32846944 PMCID: PMC7552296 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this work was to develop, use and present a detailed questionnaire for the evaluation of health management in dairy small ruminants. The questionnaire includes 442 questions, which cover seven sections (general, infrastructure, animals, production characteristics, health management, nutrition, human resources). The average duration of the interview for completion of the questionnaire was 64 min. The questionnaire can be used for research work in the field, to record details in the farms into the study. In accord with the needs of a particular study, the questionnaire can be extended, by adding therein more specific questions or omitting some deemed to be less important. Moreover, the questionnaire can also be used for routine monitoring purposes, as a useful means to record and maintain details of farms during clinical work. Abstract The objective of this work was to develop, use and present a detailed questionnaire for the evaluation of health management in dairy small ruminants; it includes 442 questions organised in seven sections: general, infrastructure, animals, production characteristics, health management, nutrition, human resources. Consistency of replies was evaluated in 27 farmers, interviewed twice. Inconsistent replies were given by all farmers to 30 different questions (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: 0.987). Then, interviews were performed in 444 farms around Greece. Mean duration of an interview was 63.6 min. Clarifications were requested by 273 farmers to 22 different questions (maximum per farmer: 8). The experience of the investigator, the primary language of farmers and asking clarifications by the farmers affected the duration of the interview. The questionnaire can be used for research work in the field, to record details in the farms under study. In accord with the needs of a particular study, it can be modified, by adding more specific questions or omitting others deemed of less importance. Moreover, it can also be used for routine monitoring purposes, as a useful means to record and maintain details of farms during clinical work. To the best of our knowledge, the questionnaire is the most extensive and detailed one available internationally for dairy small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | | | | | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Antonis P. Politis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Nikos G. Kordalis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (I.G.)
| | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Dimitris A. Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (C.B.); (A.G.); (K.S.I.); (A.I.K.); (D.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Katsafadou AI, Tsangaris GT, Vasileiou NGC, Ioannidi KS, Anagnostopoulos AK, Billinis C, Fragkou IA, Papadopoulos E, Mavrogianni VS, Michael CK, Addis MF, Fthenakis GC. Detailed data from experimentally-induced mastitis in ewes, with the aim to evaluate cathelicidin-1 in milk. Data Brief 2020; 29:105259. [PMID: 32090163 PMCID: PMC7025192 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriological, cytological and proteomics data have been obtained from ewes in two experiments, after intramammary challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus chromogenes. Animals were sampled before and sequentially after challenge. Conventional techniques were employed for bacterial isolation and somatic cell counting in milk samples; milk whey samples were subjected to proteomics evaluation by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. There was a correlation between leucocyte content and cathelicidin-1 spot densities in milk samples, although the protein was detected in milk earlier than the increase in leucocyte content. There was also a significant association between presence of mastitis in a mammary gland and detection of cathelicidin-1 in the respective milk sample; the degree of association was greater during the first 24 h post-inoculation. The data are further discussed in the research article “Detection of cathelicidin-1 in the milk as an early indicator of mastitis in ewes” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki I Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.,Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Th Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - M Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Vasileiou NGC, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Katsafadou AI, Chatzopoulos DC, Barbagianni MS, Tsioli V, Dermisiadou E, Karavanis E, Papadopoulos N, Lianou DT, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Experimental study for evaluation of the efficacy of a biofilm-embedded bacteria-based vaccine against Staphylococcus chromogenes-associated mastitis in sheep. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108480. [PMID: 31767091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although coagulase-negative staphylococci are the primary aetiological agents of subclinical mastitis in ewes, there is little information regarding vaccination against that infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in ewes under experimental conditions. The antigen in the vaccine is based on a bacterin of Staphylococcus aureus strain, expressing the exopolysaccharide poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), which is involved in biofilm formation by these bacteria. Ewes in groups A (n = 17) or B (n = 6) were given an initial vaccination 5 weeks before expected lambing, followed by a repeat administration 21 days later. Ewes in groups C (n = 8) or D (n = 6) were unvaccinated controls. Ewes in group A (n = 17) or C (n = 8) were challenged with a biofilm-forming S. chromogenes; animals in subgroups A1 or C1 were challenged on the 10th and those in A2 or C2 on the 50th day after lambing. Ewes in groups B or D were uninoculated controls. Clinical examinations of ewes, ultrasonographic examinations of udder, milk yield measurements, blood sampling for detection of anti-PNAG specific antibodies and milk sample collection for bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed up to 52nd day post-challenge. Finally, biopsies were performed for mammary tissue collection for histopathological examination. Among group A ewes, 29% developed systemic signs and 59% signs in the inoculated gland; the respective figures for group C were 50% and 100% (P = 0.040 for mammary signs). The median total clinical score was 2.0 for A and 5.5 for C ewes (P = 0.025). For A, but not for C, clinical scores decreased progressively during the study (P = 0.018 and P = 0.47, respectively). The duration of mastitis was shorter in A (4 days) than in C (17.5 days) ewes (P = 0.022). Bacterial counts were lower in milk samples from A than from C ewes, for samples collected from the inoculated and the uninoculated (P < 0.01) mammary glands of these ewes. Somatic cell counts in samples from inoculated and uninoculated mammary glands of A ewes were higher than in samples of C ewes (P < 0.02). There were differences for gray-scale evaluations during ultrasonographic examination and for milk yield measurements between groups (P < 0.01). Median bacterial counts in tissue samples from A ewes (0 cfu g-1) were lower than in ones from C (6.5 cfu g-1) ewes (P = 0.041). The median score for histopathological findings in tissue samples from inoculated glands of A was lower than that for C ewes: 1 versus 2 (P = 0.014). It is concluded that mastitis was less severe in vaccinated animals, as indicated by a wide array of measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - P J Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A I Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - D C Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - M S Barbagianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - V Tsioli
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Dermisiadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Karavanis
- 3rd Veterinary Hospital of Hellenic Army, 57100 Thermi, Greece
| | - N Papadopoulos
- 3rd Veterinary Hospital of Hellenic Army, 57100 Thermi, Greece
| | - D T Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece.
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Vasileiou NGC, Chatzopoulos DC, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Gougoulis DA, Chouzouris TM, Lianou DT, Gonzalez-Valerio TC, Vallverdu RG, Argyros S, Cesio M, Font I, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Evaluation of efficacy of a biofilm-embedded bacteria-based vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in sheep-A randomized, placebo-controlled field study. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9328-9344. [PMID: 31400892 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis in 5 dairy sheep farms, with 316 ewes in the vaccinated (V) group and 307 in the control (C) group studied throughout a lactation period. Two administrations of the vaccine were performed during the last stage of gestation of ewes. Starting 15 d after lambing and at monthly intervals thereafter, up to 9 milk samplings were performed for bacteriological and cytological examinations. Staphylococcal isolates recovered were examined for biofilm formation. Blood samples were collected for measurement of IgG poly-N-acetylglucosamine-specific antibodies. The most frequently isolated bacteria were staphylococci: 56.4 and 76.1%, respectively, of total isolates recovered from ewes of group V and C, respectively; staphylococci as causal agents of mastitis were isolated less frequently from V (5.3%) than in ewes in C (10.3%). Among mastitis-associated staphylococcal isolates recovered from V ewes, a smaller proportion was biofilm-forming than among ones from C: 53.2% versus 74.9% of isolates; biofilm-forming staphylococci as causal agents of mastitis were isolated less frequently from ewes in group V (2.3%) than in ewes in group C (6.0%). Anti-poly-N-acetylglucosamine-specific antibody values increased in V ewes and were higher than in C; a greater proportion of ewes with low antibody titers developed staphylococcal mastitis (41.4%) than of V ewes with high antibody titers (17.0%). Incidence risk of mastitis, staphylococcal mastitis, and biofilm-associated staphylococcal mastitis was smaller in V than in C: 36.7, 17.1, and 8.0% versus 44.3, 30.9, and 18.9%, respectively. The first case of staphylococcal mastitis occurred later in V than in C: third versus second sampling point. Overall, efficacy of the vaccine was 44.6% for staphylococcal mastitis, 57.7% for biofilm-associated staphylococcal mastitis, 33.1% for staphylococcal intramammary infection, and 51.5% for biofilm-associated staphylococcal intramammary infection. Nevertheless, vaccination should not be the only means for controlling mastitis; other udder health management measures should be included therein to improve control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D C Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - P J Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D A Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - T M Chouzouris
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D T Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | | | - S Argyros
- Laboratorios Hipra S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - M Cesio
- Laboratorios Hipra S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - I Font
- Laboratorios Hipra S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
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Vasileiou NGC, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Chatzopoulos DC, Gougoulis DA, Sarrou S, Orfanou DC, Politis AP, Gonzalez-Valerio TC, Argyros S, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Extensive countrywide field investigation of subclinical mastitis in sheep in Greece. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7297-7310. [PMID: 29859691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were (1) to investigate prevalence of subclinical mastitis, (2) to identify etiological agents involved, and (3) to study factors potentially predisposing ewes to subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from 2,198 ewes in 111 farms with a total population of 35,925 ewes, in all 13 administrative regions of Greece, for bacteriological and cytological examination. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 0.260. Main etiological agents were staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative species), which accounted for 0.699 of all isolates recovered; prevalence of staphylococcal mastitis was 0.191. In a multivariable mixed-effects analysis, the primary factor found to be associated with increased prevalence of subclinical mastitis was the management system practiced in flocks (flocks under a semi-intensive system had the highest prevalence). Other factors that were included in the multivariable model were the stage of lactation period (ewes in the 2nd month postpartum showed the highest prevalence) and application of postmilking teat dipping. In contrast, measures taken at the end of a lactation period (e.g., intramammary administration of antimicrobial agents) were not found to have an effect on prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The results confirmed the significance of subclinical mastitis as a frequent problem of ewes, with staphylococci as the primary etiological agent. The findings confirm the multifactorial nature of subclinical mastitis and indicate that its control should rely on many approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - P J Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D C Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - S Sarrou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - D C Orfanou
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Rhodes, Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 85100 Rhodes, Greece
| | - A P Politis
- Politis Veterinary Center, 26500 Ovria Ahaias, Greece
| | | | - S Argyros
- Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
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Vasileiou NGC, Fthenakis GC, Amiridis GS, Athanasiou LV, Birtsas P, Chatzopoulos DC, Chouzouris TM, Giannakopoulos A, Ioannidi KS, Kalonaki SN, Katsafadou AI, Kyriakis CS, Mavrogianni VS, Papadopoulos E, Spyrou V, Valiakos G, Venianaki AP, Billinis C. Experiences from the 2014 outbreak of bluetongue in Greece. Small Rumin Res 2016; 142:61-68. [PMID: 32288210 PMCID: PMC7126986 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective of this paper was to review relevant work and to present a general account of the bluetongue outbreak, which occurred in Greece in 2014. In total, 2895 outbreaks of the disease have been reported by the veterinary authorities of Greece; sheep, goats and cattle were affected with officially reported morbidity rates of 11.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. No vaccinations were allowed and conservative measures were implemented to attempt to limit the disease, which at the end had expanded throughout the country. In field investigations, a significantly higher bluetongue morbidity rate (27.5%) in sheep has been reported. During that work, clinical anaemia was encountered, which was characterised as macrocytic, hypochromic, regenerative and non-haemolytic. Other investigations, which are reviewed in this paper, have described an outbreak of Citrobacter freundii-associated enteritis in newborn kids, offspring of goats subclinically infected with Bluetongue virus, increased rate of early embryonic deaths, reduced conception rates, increased incidence risk of mastitis and reduced milk yield in herds of subclinically-infected cattle and detection of the virus from hunter-harvested tissue samples of roe-deer. In 2015, vaccines against the disease have been licenced; vaccinations started in May 2015. Then, in 2015, only one outbreak of the disease was confirmed, which could have been the result of a combination of reasons acting concurrently to prevent further cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - G S Amiridis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - L V Athanasiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - P Birtsas
- Technological Education Institute of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - T M Chouzouris
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - S N Kalonaki
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A I Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - C S Kyriakis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Papadopoulos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Spyrou
- Technological Education Institute of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - G Valiakos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A P Venianaki
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - C Billinis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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