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Furlan JPR, Ramos MS, Dos Santos LDR, da Silva Rosa R, Stehling EG. Multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and hybrid pathogenic strains of bovine origin. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1907-1913. [PMID: 37199834 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains have been circulating in various sectors and can be cross-transferred between them. Among pathogenic E. coli strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and hybrid pathogenic E. coli (HyPEC) emerged as responsible for outbreaks worldwide. As bovine are reservoir of STEC strains, these pathogens primarily spread to food products, exposing humans to risk. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli strains from fecal samples of dairy cattle. In this regard, most E. coli strains (phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and E) were resistant to β-lactams and non-β-lactams and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) related to multidrug resistance profiles were detected. Furthermore, mutations in fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance determinants were also identified, highlighting the deleterious mutation His152Gln in PmrB that may have contributed to the high level (> 64 mg/L) of colistin resistance. Virulence genes of diarrheagenic and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotypes were shared among strains and even within the same strain, evidencing the presence of HyPEC (i.e., ExPEC/STEC), which were assigned as unusual B2-ST126-H3 and B1-ST3695-H31. These findings provide phenotypic and molecular data of MDR, ARGs-producing, and potentially pathogenic E. coli strains in dairy cattle, contributing to the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and pathogens in healthy animals and alerting to potential bovine-associated zoonotic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Rosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
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2
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Xu T, Zhu H, Liu R, Wu X, Chang G, Yang Y, Yang Z. The protective role of caffeic acid on bovine mammary epithelial cells and the inhibition of growth and biofilm formation of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical mastitis milk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005430. [PMID: 36341408 PMCID: PMC9632277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a first-line barrier against bacterial infection of mammary tissues, bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are generally believed to be involved in the immune response due to exogenous stress. Due to the escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for new strategies to combat pathogenic bacteria-infected bovine mastitis. In this study, isolated bMECs and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used for Escherichia coli infection and caffeic acid (CA) pretreatment experiments in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effect of CA on bacterial growth and biofilm formation was also demonstrated with bacteria strains isolated from mastitis-infected milk. It was demonstrated that CA supplementation prohibits the growth of the predominant strains of bacteria isolated from clinical bovine mastitis milk samples. CA was found to disrupt the biofilm formation of E. coli B1 in a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) and inhibited the adherence property of E. coli on bMECs by decreasing the staining of bacteria on cell surfaces in vitro. In addition, CA was found to attenuate proinflammatory and oxidative responses in cells infected with E. coli. The pretreatment of bMECs with CA also restored altered lipid homeostasis caused by E. coli stimulation. The protective role of CA was further confirmed via the administration of CA in mice followed by representative Gram-negative bacterial infection. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of CA to mediate Gram-negative infections and indicate that it has the potential to be developed as a novel antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Run Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangping Yang,
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Lebda MA, Elmassry IH, Taha NM, Elfeky MS. Nanocurcumin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced mastitis via activation of Nrf2 and suppressing TLR4-mediated NF-κB and HMGB1 signaling pathways in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8294-8305. [PMID: 34482462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coliform mastitis is a worldwide serious disease of the mammary gland. Curcumin is a pleiotropic polyphenol obtained from turmeric, but it is hydrophobic and rapidly eliminated from the body. However, nanoformulation of curcumin significantly improves its pharmacological activity by enhancing its hydrophobicity and oral bioavailability. Our study aimed to investigate the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of nanocurcumin as a prophylactic against LPS-induced coliform mastitis in rat model, where LPS was extracted from a field strain of Escherichia coli (bovine mastitis isolate). The study was conducted on twenty lactating Wistar female rats divided into four equal groups, and the mastitis model was initiated by injection of LPS through the duct of the mammary gland. The results showed that nanocurcumin significantly attenuated the lipid peroxidation (MDA), oxidized glutathione, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and the gene expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and HMGB1. Meanwhile, it improved the reduced glutathione level and Nrf2 activity and preserved the normal alveolar architecture. These findings suggested that nanocurcumin supplementation can be a promising potential protective approach for coliform mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ingi H Elmassry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Elfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Beuckelaere L, De Visscher A, Souza FN, Meyer E, Haesebrouck F, Piepers S, De Vliegher S. Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows. Vet Res 2021; 52:137. [PMID: 34711282 PMCID: PMC8554945 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive research has been performed on bovine non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), several aspects such as bacteria-host interaction remain largely unstudied. Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100 000 or 10 000 000 CFU of the udder-adapted S. chromogenes IM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, since S. chromogenes IM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing. S. chromogenes IM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10 000 000 CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-γ levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized with S. chromogenes IM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Beuckelaere
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115 bus 1, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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5
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Tian M, Qi Y, Zhang X, Wu Z, Chen J, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Regulation of the JAK2-STAT5 Pathway by Signaling Molecules in the Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:604896. [PMID: 33282878 PMCID: PMC7705115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) are involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of mammary gland epithelial cells. Dysregulation of JAK2-STAT5 activity invariably leads to mammary gland developmental defects and/or diseases, including breast cancer. Proper functioning of the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway relies on crosstalk with other signaling pathways (synergistically or antagonistically), which leads to normal biological performance. This review highlights recent progress regarding the critical components of the JAK2-STAT5 pathway and its crosstalk with G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, hormone receptors, and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingao Qi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Vangroenweghe F, Duchateau L, Burvenich C. Short communication: J-5 Escherichia coli vaccination does not influence severity of an Escherichia coli intramammary challenge in primiparous cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6692-6697. [PMID: 32331898 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a J-5 Escherichia coli vaccine in a mild to moderate inflammatory challenge model using primiparous dairy cows for inoculation only. We hypothesized a clinical difference between placebo and J-5 E. coli vaccinated animals with the mild to moderate inflammatory challenge model. In case the null hypothesis could not be confirmed, the alternate hypothesis was no clinical difference between both treatment groups. Therefore, 23 primiparous cows in mo 7 of pregnancy were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: J-5 E. coli vaccine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 11). Animals were vaccinated 3 times at 56 (±7) and 28 (±7) d before expected calving date and within 14 d postcalving (DIM 5 ± 3). All cows were challenged by infusion with E. coli P4:O32 into 2 left mammary quarters between 14 and 28 d postparturition, at least 10 d after the 3rd vaccination, immediately after the morning milking. Clinical observations and blood and milk samples were collected at several time points from 7 d pre-challenge until 13 d post-challenge. Primiparous cows responded mild to moderately to intramammary E. coli challenge with little clinical difference between treatment groups. Rectal temperature increased earlier in the vaccinated animals, which also eliminated bacteria faster during the early hours after intramammary E. coli challenge. At post-infusion hour 9, the bacterial population was significantly lower in the infected quarters of the vaccinated animals. Blood leukocyte number was only numerically higher in the vaccinated animals, in combination with a numerically higher percentage of late immature polymorphonuclear leukocytes (band cells) in circulation. Even in the nonvaccinated animals, the E. coli challenge in the primiparous cows elicited only a mild to moderate response. The absence of a pronounced clinical difference between vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals was therefore not surprising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Vangroenweghe
- Elanco Animal Health, BU Food Animals, Plantijn en Moretuslei 1, 3rd floor, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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7
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Montironi ID, Moliva MV, Campra NA, Raviolo JM, Bagnis G, Cariddi LN, Reinoso EB. Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1289-1300. [PMID: 31840319 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically Enterococcus faecium strains collected from bovine mastitis milk and to evaluate one of them for its virulence in a murine mastitis model. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of five E. faecium isolates were collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. EF-7A showed resistance to antibiotics tested, it presented alpha haemolysin and did not present gelatinase activity. It yielded cyA, efafm and gelE1 genes and it could be characterized as a moderate biofilm producer. It was able to internalize in MAC-T cells and 1×108 colony forming unit ml-1 was able to establish an intramammary infection in mice. The strain could be recovered from liver, kidney and blood samples. RAPD profiles showed different bands with respect to the inoculated strain. Histopathology analyses showed different grades of polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltration in mammary glands. CONCLUSION This is the first report that studied E. faecium strain in a lactating mouse model of mastitis and showed that the experimental inoculation was able to stimulate an inflammatory response resulting in mastitis. Results contribute to a better understanding of intramammary infections caused by E. faecium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This investigation shows that mice represent a valuable model for the study of the mastitis pathogenesis caused by E. faecium considering the high costs of using cows for mastitis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Montironi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - M V Moliva
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - N A Campra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - J M Raviolo
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - G Bagnis
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - L N Cariddi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - E B Reinoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
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8
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Lima FS, Acosta DAV, Egan TR, Skenandore C, Sulzberger S, French DD, Cardoso FC. Steroidogenic, Metabolic, and Immunological Markers in Dairy Cows Diagnosed With Cystic Ovarian Follicles at Early and Mid-Late Lactation. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:324. [PMID: 31616680 PMCID: PMC6775203 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of cystic ovarian follicles (COF) remains a conundrum with steroidogenic, immunological, and metabolic dysfunctions linked to its development. Studies suggest that COF development may occur as a result of disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and the severity of a negative energy balance in dairy cows, but mid to late lactation cows diagnosed with COF are unlikely to have issues with energy metabolism. Herein, we characterized the mRNA expression of steroidogenic (LHCGR, StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP19A), immunological (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR-4, TNF), and metabolic markers (IGF-1, IRS1) in follicular fluid; and plasma and follicular fluid levels of E2, IL-1β, glucose, and NEFA in early and mid-late lactation COF cows. Lactating dairy cows were diagnosed as having COF (n = 11, follicle >20 mm persistent for 7 days, absence of corpus luteum, and flaccid uterus) while 11 herdmates cycling with a dominant follicle were classified as the control cows. Cows diagnosed with COF were classified as early lactation (COF-E, n = 5) cows, <35 days in milk (DIM); or mid-late lactation (COF-M/L, n = 6), ≥118 DIM cows. Results revealed that mRNA expression StAR was greater (P < 0.01) in COF-E cows than COF-M/L cows and the control cows. The mRNA expression CYP19A1 was lower (P < 0.01) in COF-E cows and COF-M/L cows than in the control cows. The mRNA expression IL-6 and IRS-1 tended to be greater and lower, respectively, in COF-M/L cows compared to the control cows. The mRNA expression IGF-1 was greater (P < 0.01) in COF-E and COF-M/L cows than in the control cows. The plasma and follicular fluid concentration of NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) in COF-E cows than in COF-M/L and the control cows. Cows with COF-E had disturbances in steroidogenic and metabolic markers, while cows with COF-M/L had steroidogenic, immunological, and metabolic dysregulations, suggesting that COF pathogenesis may vary between early and mid-late lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Diego A V Acosta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Agrosavia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Tonja R Egan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Cassandra Skenandore
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Saige Sulzberger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dennis D French
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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9
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Caffeic Acid Prevented LPS-Induced Injury of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through Inhibiting NF- κB and MAPK Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1897820. [PMID: 31182930 PMCID: PMC6515104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1897820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly reduced the cell viability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) leading to cell apoptosis, which were prevented by caffeic acid (CA) through inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, here, we determined that LPS induced the extensive microstructural damage of bMEC, especially the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Then, the obvious reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and expression changes of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and casepase-3) indicated that apoptosis signaling through the mitochondria should be responsible for the cell viability decrease. Next, the high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were employed to verify that the MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways also were the principal targets of LPS. Following, the critical proteins (ERK, JNK, p38, and c-jun) of the MAPK signaling pathways were activated, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) regulated by NF-κB and MAPKs was significantly increased, which can promote a cascade of inflammation that induces cell injury and apoptosis. Meanwhile, CA significantly inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner, which were similar to its effects on the NF-κB activation that we previously published. So we concluded that CA regulates the proteins located in the upstream of multiple cell signal pathways which can reduce the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, thus weakening the inflammatory response and maintaining cell structure and function, which accordingly inhibit apoptosis.
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10
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IL-1β directly inhibits milk lipid production in lactating mammary epithelial cells concurrently with enlargement of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:365-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Shimizu T, Ishizawa S, Magata F, Kobayashi M, Fricke PM, Miyamoto A. Involvement of lipopolysaccharide in ovarian cystic follicles in dairy cow: Expressions of LPS receptors and steroidogenesis-related genes in follicular cells of cystic follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Wang H, Bi C, Wang Y, Sun J, Meng X, Li J. Selenium ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting activation of TLR2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:197. [PMID: 29925372 PMCID: PMC6011599 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) is considered an important pathogenic mechanism for the establishment of mastitis. Given the interesting link between selenium (Se) status and mastitis, our objective was to prove that Se was essential to suppress pro-inflammatory mediators, in part, by modulation of Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in bMECs. RESULTS Results showed that Se (0~ 16 μM) did not affect the growth of bMECs. The mRNA expression of TLR2, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase4 (Irak4), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase1 (Irak1) and TNF receptor-associated factor6 (Traf6) in TLR2 signal pathway were increased or significantly increased by S. aureus. Se played an important role in regulating the genes expression of TLR2, Myd88, Traf6 but not in controlling the expression of Irak4 and Irak1. In addition, Se exerted strong inhibitory effects on the genes expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by S. aureus. To further investigate the possible signaling mechanisms involved in the processes, we analyzed the role of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in inflammation response in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs in vitro. Results showed that the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB alpha (IκBα), p65, p38 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (Erk) were significantly increased in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs. It indicated that S. aureus activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. We also examined the effects of Se on the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65, p38 and Erk in NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway, which have well been proved to control the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators during inflammation. The findings are exciting, that pretreatment with Se (4, 8 μM) significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65, p38 and Erk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Se down-regulates inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expressions via TLR2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in S. aureus-stimulated bMECs, which may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- College of Agriculture Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Yinjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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13
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Klaas IC, Zadoks RN. An update on environmental mastitis: Challenging perceptions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:166-185. [PMID: 29083115 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental mastitis is the most common and costly form of mastitis in modern dairy herds where contagious transmission of intramammary pathogens is controlled through implementation of standard mastitis prevention programmes. Environmental mastitis can be caused by a wide range of bacterial species, and binary classification of species as contagious or environmental is misleading, particularly for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and other streptococcal species, including Streptococcus agalactiae. Bovine faeces, the indoor environment and used pasture are major sources of mastitis pathogens, including Escherichia coli and S. uberis. A faeco-oral transmission cycle may perpetuate and amplify the presence of such pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. agalactiae. Because of societal pressure to reduce reliance on antimicrobials as tools for mastitis control, management of environmental mastitis will increasingly need to be based on prevention. This requires a reduction in environmental exposure through bedding, pasture and pre-milking management and enhancement of the host response to bacterial challenge. Efficacious vaccines are available to reduce the impact of coliform mastitis, but vaccine development for gram-positive mastitis has not progressed beyond the "promising" stage for decades. Improved diagnostic tools to identify causative agents and transmission patterns may contribute to targeted use of antimicrobials and intervention measures. The most important tool for improved uptake of known mastitis prevention measures is communication. Development of better technical or biological tools for management of environmental mastitis must be accompanied by development of appropriate incentives and communication strategies for farmers and veterinarians, who may be confronted with government-mandated antimicrobial use targets if voluntary reduction is not implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Klaas
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - R N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Ganda EK, Gaeta N, Sipka A, Pomeroy B, Oikonomou G, Schukken YH, Bicalho RC. Normal milk microbiome is reestablished following experimental infection with Escherichia coli independent of intramammary antibiotic treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin in bovines. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:74. [PMID: 28701174 PMCID: PMC5506599 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antimicrobials in food animals and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance are global concerns. Ceftiofur is the only third-generation cephalosporin labeled for veterinary use in the USA, and it is the drug of choice in the majority of dairy farms for the treatment of mastitis. Here, we use next-generation sequencing to describe longitudinal changes that occur in the milk microbiome before, during, and after infection and treatment with ceftiofur. Twelve animals were intramammary challenged with Escherichia coli in one quarter and randomly allocated to receive intramammary treatment with ceftiofur (5d) or untreated controls. Serial samples were collected from -72 to 216 h relative to challenge from the challenged quarter, an ipsilateral quarter assigned to the same treatment group, and from a third quarter that did not undergo intervention. RESULTS Infection with E. coli dramatically impacted microbial diversity. Ceftiofur significantly decreased LogCFUs but had no significant effect on the milk microbiome, rate of pathogen clearance, or somatic cell count. At the end of the study, the microbial profile of infected quarters was indistinguishable from pre-challenge samples in both treated and untreated animals. Intramammary infusion with ceftiofur did not alter the healthy milk (i.e., milk devoid of clots or serous appearance and collected from a mammary gland that shows no clinical signs of mastitis) microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the mammary gland harbors a resilient microbiome, capable of reestablishing itself after experimental infection with E. coli independent of antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Ganda
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Gaeta
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anja Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brianna Pomeroy
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Oikonomou
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ynte H Schukken
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Cheong SH, Sá Filho OG, Absalon-Medina VA, Schneider A, Butler WR, Gilbert RO. Uterine and systemic inflammation influences ovarian follicular function in postpartum dairy cows. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177356. [PMID: 28542500 PMCID: PMC5438135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of uterine and systemic inflammatory responses to uterine bacterial contamination at calving in dairy cows on the growth and ovulatory outcomes of the first dominant follicle postpartum. Ovulatory capability of the first dominant follicle postpartum was predicted in 53 multiparous cows by using a combination of follicle growth characteristics and circulating estradiol concentrations. Endotoxin levels were assayed in follicular fluid samples that were aspirated the day after ovulatory outcome prediction. Plasma levels of haptoglobin, a proinflammatory acute phase protein, and paraoxonase, a negative acute phase protein were determined. Uterine bacteria and inflammation were evaluated in three uterine fluid samples from each cow collected on the day of calving, the day after follicle aspiration, and at 35 days postpartum. Cows that had a strong initial uterine inflammatory response (robust recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of ≥ 35% and cows with uterine pH < 8.5 on the day of calving) were more likely to have an ovulatory first dominant follicle. Follicular fluid endotoxin levels were higher in non-ovulatory cows compared with ovulatory cows. Endotoxin levels in circulation were not different between ovulatory groups but were higher prepartum than on day 7 and 14 postpartum. Systemic inflammation characterized by elevated haptoglobin concentrations was higher in non-ovulatory cows despite similar bacterial contamination and circulating endotoxin levels. Paraoxonase activity in follicular fluid was significantly associated with the paraoxonase activity in plasma, however, plasma paraoxonase concentrations were not different between non-ovulatory and ovulatory cows. Cows with a higher uterine bacterial load on the day of calving had slower ovarian follicle growth. In summary, a robust uterine inflammatory response on the day of calving was positively associated with ovarian function while elevated systemic inflammation during the early postpartum period was negatively associated with the ovulatory status of the first dominant follicle postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHC); (ROG)
| | - Ocilon G. Sá Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Augusto Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - W. R. Butler
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert O. Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHC); (ROG)
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Longitudinal characterization of bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells from mid-gestation into subsequent lactation reveals nadir in phenotypic maturation and macrophage-like cytokine profile in late gestation. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 118:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Pomeroy B, Gurjar A, Sipka A, Klaessig S, Salmon S, Quesnell R, Schukken YH. Intramammary immunization with ultraviolet-killed Escherichia coli shows partial protection against late gestation intramammary challenge with a homologous strain. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9014-9026. [PMID: 27638260 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary immunization with UV-killed Escherichia coli ECC-Z on prevention of intramammary colonization after a challenge with a dose of the homologous E. coli ECC-Z live bacteria. A total of 10 cows were included in a study to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary immunization. All 10 cows received an intramammary immunization of 100 cfu of UV-killed E. coli ECC-Z bacteria into one hind quarter at the time of dry off. Approximately 2wk before the anticipated calving date, both hind quarters of all cows were challenged with 100 cfu of live E. coli ECC-Z bacteria. Five of the cows were vaccinated parenterally with a commercial J5 bacterin, and 5 cows served as controls with no parenteral vaccination. The cows were then followed over time and infection risk, clinical scores, somatic cell count, and milk production were observed over time. The results of these 10 cows showed partial protection of intramammary immunization on the outcome of a subsequent homologous intramammary challenge. Immunization resulted in a lower probability of infection, a lower bacteria count, lower somatic cell counts and milk conductivity, a lower clinical mastitis score, and increased milk production compared with unimmunized control quarters. Once the analysis was corrected for immunization, parenteral J5 vaccination had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters. These results provide the first evidence that intramammary immunization may improve the outcome of an intramammary E. coli infection in late gestation and onset of mastitis immediately following parturition. Unlike systemic vaccination, which generally does not reduce the intramammary infection risk, the intramammary immunization did show a 5-times reduced odds of an established intramammary infection after challenge. Cytokine profiles indicated a local return of proinflammatory response after challenge as the data showed a more pronounced increase in in IFN-γ with a subsequent negative feedback due to a spike in the level of IL-10 in immunized quarters relative to nonimmunized quarters. Although these results are preliminary and obtained on only 10 cows, the results provide insight into the biological benefits of triggering mucosal immunity in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pomeroy
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - A Gurjar
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Klaessig
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Salmon
- Zoetis Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
| | - R Quesnell
- Zoetis Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
| | - Y H Schukken
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7411 EZ Deventer, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Kobayashi K, Kuki C, Oyama S, Kumura H. Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a key inhibitory factor for lactose synthesis pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:295-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Pomeroy B, Sipka A, Klaessig S, Schukken Y. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from late gestation cows have an impaired ability to mature in response to E. coli stimulation in a receptor and cytokine-mediated fashion. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 167:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Sun Y, Li L, Wu J, Yu P, Li C, Tang J, Li X, Huang S, Wang G. Bovine recombinant lipopolysaccharide binding protein (BRLBP) regulated apoptosis and inflammation response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). Mol Immunol 2015; 65:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Liu M, Song S, Li H, Jiang X, Yin P, Wan C, Liu X, Liu F, Xu J. The protective effect of caffeic acid against inflammation injury of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2856-65. [PMID: 24612802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid possesses multiple biological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer growth; however, what effects it has on bovine mastitis have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the antiinflammatory properties of caffeic acid on the inflammatory response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible underlying mechanism. Bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of LPS for 3, 6, 12, and 18 h; the results showed that LPS significantly inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12h, the cell membrane permeability significantly increased, which promoted cell apoptosis. Various concentrations (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) of caffeic acid could weaken the inflammation injury of bMEC induced by LPS without cytotoxicity. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) from bMEC were decreased. Nuclear transcription factor κB activity was weakened via blocking κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation. All these showed that the protective effect of caffeic acid on LPS-induced inflammation injury in bMEC was at least partly achieved by the decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by the effect of reducing the κB inhibitor α degradation and p65 phosphorylation in the nuclear transcription factor κB pathway. The use of caffeic acid would be beneficial in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis as a safe and natural antiinflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shixiu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huanrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Changrong Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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22
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Zaworski EM, Shriver-Munsch CM, Fadden NA, Sanchez WK, Yoon I, Bobe G. Effects of feeding various dosages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3081-98. [PMID: 24612807 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 56 versus 0 g/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; Diamond V Original XP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) can increase feed intake and milk production in transition dairy cows. To evaluate the effects of various dosages of SCFP, Holstein cows were given individually a supplement containing 0 (n=14), 56 (n=15), or 112 g (n=13) of SCFP daily during morning lockup as a topdressing to their total mixed ration. The supplement consisted of 0, 56, or 112 g of SCFP mixed with 84 g of molasses and 168, 112, or 56 g of corn meal, respectively. Supplement feeding began 28 d before predicted calving date (no less than 14 d) and ended 28 d postpartum, and supplement intake was evaluated daily. Blood samples were collected at d -21, -14, -7, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to measure serum concentrations of macrominerals, metabolites, acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin, and hormones. Milk weights were measured and milk samples were collected 2 times/wk on nonconsecutive days and analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, and somatic cell count (SCC). During the first day after calving, feeding SCFP versus no SCFP decreased serum cortisol concentrations and at least tended to increase supplement intake and serum concentrations of calcium, glucose, urea N, and serum amyloid A. During the first 4 wk postpartum, feeding SCFP versus no SCFP decreased milk SCC and increased milk production and serum phosphorus concentrations. Feeding 112 versus 56 g of SCFP/d did not show additional effects. Feeding SCFP may have a dosage-independent beneficial effect in supporting the physiologic adaptations after parturition, resulting in higher milk production and lower milk SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Zaworski
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - C M Shriver-Munsch
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - N A Fadden
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | | | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
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Orth K, Knoefel WT, van Griensven M, Matuschek C, Peiper M, Schrumpf H, Gerber PA, Budach W, Bölke E, Buhren BA, Schauer M. Preventively enteral application of immunoglobulin enriched colostrums milk can modulate postoperative inflammatory response. Eur J Med Res 2013; 18:50. [PMID: 24266958 PMCID: PMC3879091 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-18-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated acute inflammatory response following traumatic injury. Inflammatory response during surgical interventions was verified by a significant increase of endotoxin plasma levels and a decrease of the endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC). However, the incidence of elevated endotoxin levels was significantly higher (89%) than detected bacterial translocation (35%). Thus parts or products of Gram-negative bacteria seem to translocate more easily into the blood circulation than whole bacteria. Along with the bacterial translocation, the inflammatory response correlated directly with the severity of the surgical intervention. In comparison after major and minor surgery Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was also significantly different. Similar effects in mediator release were shown during endovascular stent graft placement and open surgery in infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Open surgery demonstrated a significant stronger endotoxin translocation and a decrease of ENC. Strategies to prevent translocation seem to be sensible. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands within the first days after birth. It contains a complex system of immune factors and has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Placebo-controlled studies verified that prophylactic oral application of immunoglobulin-enriched colostrum milk preparation diminishes perioperative endotoxemia, prevents reduction of ENC and reduces postoperative CRP-levels, suggesting a stabilization of the gut barrier. This effect may be caused by immunoglobulin transportation by the neonatal receptor FcRn of the mucosal epithelium.In conclusion, there is an association of perioperative endotoxemia and the subsequent increase in mediators of the acute phase reaction in surgical patients. A prophylactic oral application of colostrum milk is likely to stabilize the gut barrier i.e. reduces the influx of lipopolysaccharides arising from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and inhibits enterogenic endotoxemia. This appears to be a major mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect in patients at risk for Gram-negative septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Orth
- Medical Faculty, Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracal Surgery, Asclepios Harz Hospitals, Goslar, Germany
| | - Wolfram Trudo Knoefel
- Medical Faculty, Department of General, Visceral-, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuschek
- Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Matthias Peiper
- Medical Faculty, Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracal Surgery, Asclepios Harz Hospitals, Goslar, Germany
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Unfallchirurgie, Krankenhaus St. Joseph. Propsteistr. 2, Essen-Werden 45239, Germany
| | - Holger Schrumpf
- Medical Faculty Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Arne Gerber
- Medical Faculty Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Bettina Alexandra Buhren
- Medical Faculty Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schauer
- Medical Faculty, Department of General, Visceral-, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Piepers S, Schukken Y, Passchyn P, De Vliegher S. The effect of intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci in early lactating heifers on milk yield throughout first lactation revisited. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5095-105. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gurjar AA, Klaessig S, Salmon SA, Yancey RJ, Schukken YH. Evaluation of an alternative dosing regimen of a J-5 mastitis vaccine against intramammary Escherichia coli challenge in nonlactating late-gestation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5053-63. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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