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Guerra A, Simoni M, Longobardi V, Goi A, Mantovani G, Danese T, Neglia G, De Marchi M, Righi F. Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict the chemical composition of feces and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility estimated with uNDF or AIA in lactating buffaloes' feces. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00634-9. [PMID: 38554826 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Following a comparison of nutrient total-tract digestibility estimates in lactating buffaloes using single-point undigestible NDF (uNDF) or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as internal markers, the potential of fecal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to provide calibration equations for the assessment of the chemical composition of feces and nutrient total-tract digestibility estimated with internal markers was explored. Chemical analyses were performed on 147 fecal samples from lactating buffaloes reared in 5 farms in central Italy (Naples). Each farm fed a silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) to the buffaloes, which was sampled in the 2 d before the fecal collection. The TMR and individual fecal samples were collected and analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, AIA, ether extract (EE), starch, fiber fractions (aNDFom, aNDF, ADFom, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, ADL, uNDF), N, CP and CP bound to aNDF (NDICP) and to ADF (ADICP). The uNDF content was determined through a 240-h in vitro fermentation and employed, together with AIA as markers to estimate the total-tract apparent digestibility (ttaDe) and total-tract digestibility (ttDe) of DM, OM, ash, N, CP, EE, aNDFom, aNDF, NDIP, ADFom and ADF, ADIN, ADL, hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fraction B3 of N. No correlation was found between DM and OM digestibility estimated with AIA and uNDF as internal markers. Weak correlations were detected for all the other nutients digestibilities while strong correlations were observed for EE, ADFom, HC, NDIN, ADIN, NB3, NFC and starch.Inizio modulo The sample set (n = 147) was divided in a calibration set (n = 111) and a validation set (n = 36) to "train" and "validate" the fecal NIRS curve through an external validation process. An estimation usable for preliminary or initial evaluation was obtained for N, CP and aNDF fecal content. An excellent prediction was obtained for ttADINDe (R2 = 0.90) when estimated with uNDF as internal marker. The NIRS technology was not able to accurately predict all the other traits and the estimated nutrient digestibility of lactating buffalo diets from fecal spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guerra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Italy.
| | - V Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - A Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy
| | - G Mantovani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Italy
| | - T Danese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Italy
| | - G Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Italy
| | - F Righi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Italy
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Xu Y, Chen T, Zhang H, Nuermaimaiti Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Xiao J, Liu S, Shao W, Cao Z, Wang J, Chen Y. Application of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Chemical Composition of Feces in Holstein Dairy Cows and Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 38200783 PMCID: PMC10778093 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods for determining the chemical composition of cattle feces are uneconomical. In contrast, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has emerged as a successful technique for assessing chemical compositions. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of NIRS in terms of predicting fecal chemical composition was explored. Cattle fecal samples were subjected to chemical analysis using conventional wet chemistry techniques and a NIRS spectrometer. The resulting fecal spectra were used to construct predictive equations to estimate the chemical composition of the feces in both cows and calves. The coefficients of determination for calibration (RSQ) were employed to evaluate the calibration of the predictive equations. Calibration results for cows (dry matter [DM], RSQ = 0.98; crude protein [CP], RSQ = 0.93; ether extract [EE], RSQ = 0.91; neutral detergent fiber [NDF], RSQ = 0.82; acid detergent fiber [ADF], RSQ = 0.89; ash, RSQ = 0.84) and calves (DM, RSQ = 0.92; CP, RSQ = 0.89; EE, RSQ = 0.77; NDF, RSQ = 0.76; ADF, RSQ = 0.92; ash, RSQ = 0.97) demonstrated that NIRS is a cost-effective and efficient alternative for assessing the chemical composition of dairy cattle feces. This provides a new method for rapidly predicting fecal chemical content in cows and calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (F.W.); (W.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yiliyaer Nuermaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (F.W.); (W.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (F.W.); (W.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Wei Shao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (F.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (J.X.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (F.W.); (W.S.)
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Vettori JDM, Cavallini D, Giammarco M, Lanzoni L, Vignone O, Jalal H, Mammi L, Pezzi P, Formigoni A, Fusaro I. Parity and nutrient total-tract digestibility in dairy cows during transition period. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100313. [PMID: 37736571 PMCID: PMC10509770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows experience many physiological, nutritional and social changes during transition period. This study aims to evaluate the differences in nutrients total-tract digestibility (nTTD) between primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) cows through the transition period. From -23, -5, 0, 7, 14, and 30 days from calving a sample of feed and feces samples were collected from 25 Holstein cows (11 PP and 14 MP) as well as daily rumination time through accelerometers. The results show that average nTTD were different (p ≤ 0.02) for amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber organic matter (aNDFom) and potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (pdNDF240; 52.5 vs. 54.0 and 78.8 vs. 81.3, respectively in PP vs. MP), while no differences were found regarding pdNDF24 and starch (88.5 vs. 88.6 and 95.1 vs. 96.1, respectively in PP vs. MP). Total-tract starch digestibility (TTstarchD) was different among timepoints (p < 0.01), going from an average of 91.40 up to 97.39% of starch, on times -23 and 14, respectively. Differences in total-tract digestibility of aNDFom among timepoints (p < 0.01) was expected because of differences in diet composition among lactating and non-lactating cows. No differences in daily rumination time (p = 0.92), TTstarchD and total-tract potentially digestible NDF digestibility at 24 h (TTpdNDF24D) were recorded. Our findings show that fiber digestibility during the transition period is higher in MP probably for a different ruminal retention time. These differences should be considered when formulating rations for groups with different parity number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio de M. Vettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lydia Lanzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Oreste Vignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Hassan Jalal
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ludovica Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Parra-Forero D, Valencia-Echavarría DM, Mestra-Vargas LI, Gualdrón-Duarte L, Sierra-Alarcón AM, Mayorga-Mogollón O, Ariza-Nieto C. Use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy on feces to estimate digestibility and dry matter intake of dietary nutritional characteristics under grazing conditions in Colombian creole steers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:178. [PMID: 37119301 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Digestibility and intake are parameters difficult and expensive to estimate under grazing conditions; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations applied to feces (F-NIRS) and evaluate their accuracy to predict dry matter digestibility (DMD) and dry matter intake (DMI) of Colombian creole cattle. Five digestibility trials using creole steers were conducted; indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) was used as internal marker and Cr2O3 and TiO2 as external markers. A total of 249 forage and 396 fecal samples from individual animals were collected, dried, and grinded for conventional chemical analysis. For spectral analysis, fecal samples were pooled across collection periods (77 samples). Chemometric analysis was performed using WinISI V4.10 software applying the modified partial least squares method. Cross-validation was performed to avoid overfitting the models. The goodness-of-fit statistics considered were the coefficient of determination in cross-validation and prediction sets (R2cv and r2, respectively) and the ratio performance deviation (RPD). Fecal NIRS calibrations developed for forage and supplement DMD showed a satisfactory fit (R2cv =0.87 and RPD=2.77 and R2cv=0.92 and RPD=3.50, respectively). The accuracy of fecal output equations using chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti) was similar in terms of R2cv (0.92) and RPD (3.63 vs. 3.57). Total DMI equations using Ti performed better compared to Cr (R2cv = 0.82 vs. 0.78; RPD=2.41 vs. 2.17, respectively). The F-NIRS models were validated using a completely independent set of fecal samples showing a moderate fit (r2>0.8 and RPD>2.0). This study showed that F-NIRS is a feasible tool to predict DMD and DMI of creole steers under grazing conditions. However, previous to socialization, this requires an improvement in accuracy of the calibrated equations related to grazing animals in different production contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Parra-Forero
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Diana Marcela Valencia-Echavarría
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación El Nus, Autopista Medellín-Cisneros-Puerto Berrio, San Roque, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Lorena Inés Mestra-Vargas
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Turipaná, Km. 13, vía Montería-Cereté, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Laura Gualdrón-Duarte
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Turipaná, Km. 13, vía Montería-Cereté, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Andrea Milena Sierra-Alarcón
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Olga Mayorga-Mogollón
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Claudia Ariza-Nieto
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Cueva SF, Harper M, Roth GW, Wells H, Canale C, Gallo A, Masoero F, Hristov AN. Effects of ensiling time on corn silage starch ruminal degradability evaluated in situ or in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3961-3974. [PMID: 37105872 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of concentration and ruminal degradability of corn silage starch is necessary for formulation of diets that meet the energy requirements of dairy cows. Five corn silage hybrids ensiled for 0 (unfermented), 30, 60, 120, and 150 d were used to determine the effects of ensiling time on starch degradability of corn silage. In addition, the effects of grind size of silage samples on 7-h in vitro starch degradability and the relationship between in vitro, in situ and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) starch degradability were studied. In situ disappearance of corn silage starch increased from 0 to 150 d of ensiling, primarily as a result of an increase in the washout or rapidly degraded fraction of starch, particularly during the first 60 d of ensiling. When analyzed in vitro and by NIRS, ensiling time increased corn silage starch degradability either linearly or to a greater extent during the first 2 mo of ensiling. Differences in in situ starch disappearance among corn silage hybrids were apparent during the first 2 mo of ensiling but were attenuated as silages aged. No differences among hybrids were detected using a 7-h in vitro starch digestibility approach. Results from the in vitro subexperiment indicate that 7-h in vitro starch degradability was increased by reducing grind size of corn silage from 4 to 1 mm, regardless of ensiling duration. Fine grinding corn silages samples (i.e., 1-mm sieve) allowed distinguishing low- from medium- and high-starch degradability rated hybrids. Correlations among in situ, in vitro and NIRS measurements for starch degradability were medium to high (r ≥0.57); however, agreement among methods was low (concordance correlation coefficient ≤0.15). In conclusion, ensiling time linearly increased degradation rate of corn silage resulting in greater in situ starch disappearance after 150 d of ensiling. Reductions in grind size from 4 to 1 mm resulted in greater in vitro starch degradability, regardless of ensiling duration. Strong correlation but low agreement between starch degradability methods suggest that absolute estimations of corn silage starch degradability will vary, but all methods can be used to assess the effect of ensiling time on starch degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Harper
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - G W Roth
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Wells
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Shippensburg, PA 17257
| | - C Canale
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Shippensburg, PA 17257
| | - A Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy 29100
| | - F Masoero
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy 29100
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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Peters JF, Swift ML, Penner GB, Lardner HA, McAllister TA, Ribeiro GO. Predicting fecal composition, intake, and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle consuming high forage diets using near infrared spectroscopy. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad043. [PMID: 37250343 PMCID: PMC10224733 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations to predict fecal nutrient composition, intake, and diet digestibility from beef cattle fed high forage diets. Heifers were fed 12 different forage-based diets (>95% forage dry matter basis) in 3 total collection digestibility studies, resulting in individual fecal samples and related spectra (n = 135), corresponding nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility (aTTD) data. Fecal samples were also collected from steers grazing two annual and two perennial forage mixtures over two growing seasons. Samples (n = 13/paddock) were composited by paddock resulting in 30 samples from year 1, and 24 from year 2. The grazing fecal spectra (n = 54) were added to the existing fecal composition spectral library. Dried and ground fecal samples were scanned using a FOSS DS2500 scanning monochromator (FOSS, Eden Prairie, MN). Spectra were mathematically treated for detrend and scatter correction and modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression was performed. The coefficient of determination for cross validation (R2cv) and standard error of cross validation (SECV) were used to evaluate the quality of calibrations. Prediction equations were developed for fecal composition [organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), amylase-treated ash-corrected neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), undigestible NDF after 240 h of in vitro incubation (uNDF), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P)], digestibility [DM, OM, aNDFom, N], and intake [DM, OM, aNDFom, N, uNDF]. The calibrations for fecal OM, N, aNDFom, ADF, ADL, uNDF, Ca, P resulted in R2cv between 0.86 and 0.97 and SECV of 1.88, 0.07, 1.70, 1.10, 0.61, 2.00, 0.18, and 0.06, respectively. Equations predicting intake of DM, OM, N, aNDFom, ADL, and uNDF resulted in R2cv values between 0.59 and 0.91, SECV values of 1.12, 1.10, 0.02, 0.69, 0.06, 0.24 kg·d-1, respectively, and SECV values between 0.00 and 0.16 when expressed as % body weight (BW). Digestibility calibrations for DM, OM, aNDFom, and N resulted in R2cv ranging from 0.65 to 0.74 and SECV values from 2.20 to 2.82. We confirm the potential of NIRS to predict fecal chemical composition, digestibility, and intake of cattle fed high forage diets. Future steps include validation of the intake calibration equations for grazing cattle using forage internal marker and modelling energetics of grazing growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenilee F Peters
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5A8
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Okotoks, Alberta, CanadaT1S 1A2
| | - Mary L Swift
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Okotoks, Alberta, CanadaT1S 1A2
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Herbert A Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5A8
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, CanadaT1J 4B1
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Mammi LME, Buonaiuto G, Ghiaccio F, Cavallini D, Palmonari A, Fusaro I, Massa V, Giorgino A, Formigoni A. Combined Inclusion of Former Foodstuff and Distiller Grains in Dairy Cows Ration: Effect on Milk Production, Rumen Environment, and Fiber Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36552439 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the substitution, in dairy cow rations, of traditional protein and starch sources with more sustainable "circular" feeds to increase the sustainability of dairy production. For this purpose, eight multiparous mid-lactating cows were blocked and assigned to one of four treatments and were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares design with 21-days periods (14 days of adaptation and 7 of data collection). Two different circular feedstuffs were tested: a bakery's former foodstuff (FF) and a wheat distiller's grain with solubles (WDGS). These ingredients were used, alone and in combination, in three experimental diets (FF, WDGS; FF + WDGS) and compared to a standard ration (CTR). Dry matter intake and rumination time were not influenced by these diets. Conversely, dietary treatments partially influenced the milk yield, rumen pH, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) production, and fibre digestibility. In particular, the combined inclusion of FF and WDGS increased milk production (37.39 vs. 36.92, 35.48, 35.71 kg/day, for FF, WDGS and CTR diets, respectively) and reduced milk urea content (13.14 vs. 16.19, 15.58, 16.95 mg/dL for FF, WDGS, and CTR diets, respectively). No effects of this association were found in the milk composition, acetic and propionic production, and fibre digestibility. These results suggest that the association of former foodstuff and wheat distillers' grains could be safely included in dairy cow rations to increase the sustainability of cow nutrition and improve milk production without impairing animal health, dry matter intake, and fibre digestibility.
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Buonaiuto G, Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Ghiaccio F, Palmonari A, Formigoni A, Visentin G. The accuracy of NIRS in predicting chemical composition and fibre digestibility of hay-based total mixed rations. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1990804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Francesca Ghiaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Zhang GJ, Wang Y, Yan YH, Hall MH, Undersander DJ, Combs DK. Comparison of two in situ reference methods to estimate indigestible NDF by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in alfalfa. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07313. [PMID: 34189328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Undigested forage neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) from long-term ruminal in situ incubations are used to estimate indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF). Measurement of iNDF is important in forage evaluation because it defines the potentially digestible pool of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be calibrated to in situ reference sets to rapidly predict uNDF. Our objective was to compare uNDF estimates after 240 h of incubation when two types of bags were used in the in situ reference method. The bags compared were 4 cm × 5 cm Ankom F57 bags (25 micron pore size), and 5 cm × 10 cm Ankom in situ bags (50 micron pore size). Alfalfa samples from Pennsylvania and Wisconsin (n = 144) of different varieties and harvest intervals were used. One-half or two gram samples, respectively, were weighed into the small and large bags in triplicate. Mass to surface area was 0.05 and 0.02 g/cm2 for the small and large bags, respectively. The iNDF content after 240 h incubation was evaluated by two types bags in three rumen-cannulated Holstein cows. Each dried and ground forage was also scanned to determine the visible-near-infrared-reflectance spectra with a FOSS 6500 spectrophotometer. Prediction equations were developed for each bag type using modified partial least square regressions. The estimated iNDF fraction from small and large bags were 13.75% and 9.97%, respectively (SED = 0.39, P < 0.001). The coefficient of determination for calibration (R2), cross-validation (1 - VR), calibration standard deviation (SEC), and interactive authentication standard deviation (SECV) was 0.94, 0.92, 0.85 and 0.98 for values determined with the small bag and 0.88, 0.85, 1.12 and 1.27 for iNDF for values determined with the large bag, respectively. Results indicate that iNDF varies among alfalfa cultivars and NIRS can be used to quickly and quantitatively estimate iNDF content in alfalfa. Bag type influences 240h NDF residues. NIRS predictions of iNDF from the small bag calibration set had higher R2 and lower SEC and SECV than the large bag calibrations.
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Buonaiuto G, Palmonari A, Ghiaccio F, Visentin G, Cavallini D, Campidonico L, Formigoni A, Mammi LME. Effects of complete replacement of corn flour with sorghum flour in dairy cows fed Parmigiano Reggiano dry hay-based ration. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1916408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghiaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Campidonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Simoni M, Goi A, De Marchi M, Righi F. The use of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to predict fibre fractions, fibre-bound nitrogen and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility in beef cattle diets and faeces. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1924884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marica Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Goi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Huhtanen P, Bayat A, Lund P, Guinguina A. Residual carbon dioxide as an index of feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5332-5344. [PMID: 33663828 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High feed costs make feed conversion efficiency a desirable target for genetic improvement. Residual feed intake (RFI), calculated as the difference between observed and predicted intake, is a commonly used estimate of feed efficiency. However, determination of feed efficiency in dairy herds is challenging due to difficulties in measuring feed intake of individual animals reliably. Using residual CO2 (RCO2) production as an estimate of feed efficiency would allow ranking the cows according to feed efficiency, provided that CO2 production is closely related to heat production and feed intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of RCO2 as an index of feed efficiency using data from respiration calorimetry studies (289 cow per period observations). Heat production was precisely predicted from CO2 production [root mean square error (RMSE)] adjusted for random effects was 1.5% of observed mean]. Dry matter intake (DMI) was better predicted from energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield and CO2 production than from ECM yield and body weight in the model (adjusted RSME = 0.92 vs. 1.39 kg/d). Residual CO2 production estimated as the difference between actual CO2 production and that predicted from ECM yield, metabolic body weight was closely related to RFI (adjusted RMSE = 0.42) that was calculated as the difference between actual DMI and that predicted from ECM, metabolic body weight, and energy balance (EB). When the cows were categorized in 3 groups of equal sizes on the basis of RCO2 (low, medium, and high), low RCO2 cows had lower DMI, RFI, methane production and intensity (g/kg ECM), and heat production, but higher efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for lactation than high RCO2 cows. When RFI was predicted from RCO2, the residuals (observed - predicted) were negatively related to EB and digestibility. Predicting RFI with a 2-variable model based on RCO2 and digestibility, adjusted RMSE decreased to 0.23 kg/d, and residuals were not significantly related to EB. The cows in low RCO2 group had a higher energy digestibility than the cows in the high RCO2 group, and differences in EB were observed between the groups. Error of the model predicting residual ECM production from RCO2 was 1.41 kg/d. The residuals were positively related to ECM yield and energy digestibility. Predicting residual ECM from RCO2 and ECM yield decreased adjusted RMSE to 1.07 kg/d, and further to 0.78 kg/d when digestibility was included in the 2-variable model. It is concluded that RCO2 has a potential for ranking individual cows based on feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alireza Bayat
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Abdulai Guinguina
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Mehtiö T, Mäntysaari P, Kokkonen T, Kajava S, Prestløkken E, Kidane A, Wallén S, Nyholm L, Negussie E, Mäntysaari EA, Lidauer MH. Genetic parameters for cow-specific digestibility predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gallo A, Bruschi S, Masoero F. Technical note: Evaluation of a novel enzymatic method to predict in situ undigested neutral detergent fiber of forages and nonforage fibrous feeds. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6235-6241. [PMID: 31079907 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions of a previously proposed enzymatic method used to estimate in situ undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF). We used a multi-step enzymatic approach, in which samples were first solubilized in NaOH solutions as a preincubation (PreInc) phase. After rinsing, samples were incubated (24 h at 39°C) in a buffered solution (pH 6) containing hemicellulase, cellulase, and Viscozyme L enzymes (Sigma-Aldrich s.r.l., Milan, Italy), followed by incubation (24 h at 39°C) in a buffered solution (pH 5) containing xylanase. Two sets of experiments were performed: a calibration trial (that tested different PreInc conditions on 9 selected forages) and a validation trial (that verified the results by testing multiple samples of 6 different forage types and a group of fibrous by-products). In the calibration trial, samples (300 mg in Ankom F57 filter bags; Ankom Technology Corp., Fairport, NY) were preincubated at 39°C in a 0.1 M NaOH solution for 90, 180, or 240 min, or in 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 M NaOH solution for 90 min. The results indicated that the best PreInc method, in terms of intra-laboratory repeatability and estimation of reference in situ values, was 90 min in a 0.2 M NaOH solution. Thus, we used this PreInc condition to determine enzymatic uNDF of 257 samples in the validation trial. Although the selected method generally had good accuracy in predicting in situ uNDF, inconsistencies were noted for certain forage types. Overall, when enzymatic uNDF was used to predict the in situ uNDF of all samples, the regression was satisfactory (intercept = 7.098, slope = 0.920, R2 = 0.73). The regression models developed for alfalfa hays, corn silages, and small grain silages had also acceptable regression performances and mean square error of prediction (MSEP) values, and the main sources of MSEP variation were error due to incomplete (co)variation and random error. Even when R2 values were >0.70, the MSEP value of the regression model for grass hays was 149.55, and that for nonforage fibrous feeds was 155.16. Although enzymatic uNDF partially overestimated the in situ uNDF, particularly in grass silages, the proposed procedure seems to be promising for accurately predicting in situ uNDF, because it generally had good repeatability and provided satisfactory estimates of in situ uNDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - S Bruschi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - F Masoero
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Mammi L, Palmonari A, Fustini M, Cavallini D, Canestrari G, Chapman J, Mclean D, Formigoni A. Immunomodulant feed supplement to support dairy cows health and milk quality evaluated in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018; 242:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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