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Xie J, Xie S, Zhong Z, Dong H, Huang P, Zhou S, Tian H, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li P. Hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure with physical exercise significantly promotes the tolerance to acute hypoxia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1367642. [PMID: 38633296 PMCID: PMC11021865 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1367642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Both hypoxia exposure and physical exercise before ascending have been proved to promote high altitude acclimatization, whether the combination of these two methods can bring about a better effect remains uncertain. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the effect of hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure (IHE) and physical exercise on the tolerance to acute hypoxia and screen the optimal preacclimatization scheme among the lowlanders. Methods: A total of 120 Han Chinese young men were enrolled and randomly assigned into four groups, including the control group and three experimental groups with hypoxic preacclimatization of 5-day rest, 5-day exercise, and 3-day exercise in a hypobaric chamber, respectively. Main physical parameters for hypoxia acclimatization, AMS incidence, physical and mental capacity were measured for each participant in the hypobaric chamber simulated to the altitude of 4500 m in the effect evaluation stage. The effect was compared between different schemes. Results: During the effect evaluation stage, SpO2 of the 5-day rest group and 5-day exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The participants with 5-day rest had significantly lower HR than the controls (p = 0.018). No significant differences of AMS incidence were found among the four groups, while the proportion of AMS headache symptom (moderate and severe vs. mild) was significantly lower in the 3-day exercise group than that in the control group (p = 0.002). The 5-day exercise group had significantly higher VO2max, than the other three groups (p = 0.033, p < 0.001, and p = 0.023, respectively). The 5-day exercise group also had significantly higher digital symbol and pursuit aiming test scores, while shorter color selection reaction time than the control group (p = 0.005, p = 0.005, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Hypoxic preacclimatization combining IHE with physical exercise appears to be efficient in promoting the tolerance to acute hypoxia. Hypoxia duration and physical exercise of moderate intensity are helpful for improvement of SpO2 and HR, relief of AMS headache symptoms, and enhancement of mental and physical operation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xie
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shenwei Xie
- Department of Health Management, The 953rd Hospital of PLA, Shigatse, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaijun Tian
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jijian Zhang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Szenci O. Importance of Monitoring Fetal and Neonatal Vitality in Bovine Practices. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061081. [PMID: 36978622 PMCID: PMC10044070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to initiating any obstetrical intervention for anterior or posterior presentation, it is imperative to emphasize the need for a precise and accurate diagnosis of fetal viability and to select the most appropriate approach for assistance. In uncertain cases, diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography, pulse oximeter, or measurement of acid-base balance or lactate concentration may be employed to confirm the diagnosis. In situations of severe asphyxia, a cesarean section is preferred over traction, even if the duration of asphyxia is less than 60 s, to maximize the likelihood of the survival of the fetus. Postcalving, several vitality scores have been proposed to evaluate the vigor of the newborn calf. Originally, four different clinical signs were recommended for assessing the well-being of newborn calves. Subsequently, five or more different clinical signs were recommended to evaluate vitality. However, despite the efforts for devising a practical tool to assess newborn calf vitality; a user-friendly and highly accurate instrument that can be used on farms remains elusive. Measuring the acid-base balance or lactate concentration may increase the diagnostic accuracy. It is critical to emphasize the importance of reducing the incidence of dystocia to mitigate the occurrence of severe asphyxia. In instances where asphyxia is unavoidable, adequate treatments should be administered to minimize losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottó Szenci
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Dóra Major, H-2225 Üllő, Hungary
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Salzer Y, Lidor G, Rosenfeld L, Reshef L, Grinshpun Y, Honig HH, Kamer H, Balaklav M, Ross M. Technical note: A Nose Ring Sensor System to Monitor Dairy Cow Cardiovascular and Respiratory Metrics. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6654793. [PMID: 35921498 PMCID: PMC9495501 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring cardiovascular and respiratory measurements corresponds to the precision livestock farming (PLF) objective to continuously monitor and assess dairy cows' welfare and health. Changes in heart rate, breathing rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) are valuable metrics in human and veterinary medicine to assess stress, pain, illness, and detect critical conditions. The common way to measure heart rate is either manually or with a stethoscope. Under research conditions, heart rate is usually measured with a sports watch chest belt. Breathing rate is obtained by counting the cow's flank movements which is a time-consuming and labor-intensive method that requires training and is prone to human error. No devices are available on the market that enable practical and easy pulse oximetry in farm animals. This study presents a wireless nose ring sensor system (NoRS) composed of photoplethysmography and thermal sensors that attach to the nostrils of four Holstein dairy cows. The NoRS's thermocouple measured the cow's nasal cavity air temperature; an optic sensor measured the IR (660 nm) and RED (660 nm) signals reflected from the cow's nasal septum. Breathing was calculated from the thermocouple signal's center frequency with a Fast Fourier Transformation, or the signal peak count (i.e., oscillations). The breathing rate was compared to breathing observed by concurrently counting the flank movements. Heart rate and SpO2 were measured by integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitor module (MAX30101 TinyCircuit) assembled on the NoRS circuit. Heart rate was also measured with FFT and by counting the number of peaks from the optic sensor's raw IR and RED signals. These measures were compared to an off the shelf hand-held pulse oximeter's heart rate and SpO2 readings during the same time. The comparisons revealed highly significant correlations for the heart rate readings where the strength of the correlation was sensitive to the method. The correlation between breathing rate and the veterinarian's visual observations was low, albeit significant. Thus inhale-exhale cycle counting constitutes a more precise approach than flank movement counts. The hand-held device's 96% SpO2 is compatible with near-saturation values expected in healthy cows. The mean NoRS SpO2 reading was 3% less. After further piloting under field conditions, the NoRS will require no animal restraining to automatically and continuously record cows' breathing rate, heart rate, and SpO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Salzer
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Lidor
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Lavie Rosenfeld
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Liad Reshef
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yoseph Grinshpun
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Hen H Honig
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Hadar Kamer
- Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Moria Balaklav
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Maya Ross
- Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Sage AM, Ambrisko TD, Martins FDC, Dantino SC, Keating SCJ, Strahl‐Heldreth DE, Wilkins PA. Evaluation of fingertip pulse oximeters for monitoring haemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses breathing greater than 90 percent oxygen. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Sage
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - T. D. Ambrisko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - F. D. C. Martins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - S. C. Dantino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - S. C. J. Keating
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - D. E. Strahl‐Heldreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - P. A. Wilkins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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Salzer Y, Honig HH, Shaked R, Abeles E, Kleinjan-Elazary A, Berger K, Jacoby S, Fishbain B, Kendler S. Towards on-site automatic detection of noxious events in dairy cows. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Adaptive Separation of Respiratory and Heartbeat Signals among Multiple People Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform Using UWB Radar. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174913. [PMID: 32878041 PMCID: PMC7506741 DOI: 10.3390/s20174913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-contact monitoring of vital signs by radar has great prospects in clinical monitoring. However, the accuracy of separated respiratory and heartbeat signals has not satisfied the clinical limits of agreement. This paper presents a study for automated separation of respiratory and heartbeat signals based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) for multiple people. The initial boundary of the EWT was set according to the limited prior information of vital signs. Using the initial boundary, empirical wavelets with a tight frame were constructed to adaptively separate the respiratory signal, the heartbeat signal and interference due to unconscious body movement. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the vital signs of three volunteers were simultaneously measured by a stepped-frequency continuous wave ultra-wideband (UWB) radar and contact physiological sensors. Compared with the vital signs from contact sensors, the proposed method can separate the respiratory and heartbeat signals among multiple people and obtain the precise rate that satisfies clinical monitoring requirements using a UWB radar. The detection errors of respiratory and heartbeat rates by the proposed method were within ±0.3 bpm and ±2 bpm, respectively, which are much smaller than those obtained by the bandpass filtering, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform (WT) methods. The proposed method is unsupervised and does not require reference signals. Moreover, the proposed method can obtain accurate respiratory and heartbeat signal rates even when the persons unconsciously move their bodies.
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Kanz P, Gusterer E, Krieger S, Schweinzer V, Süss D, Drillich M, Iwersen M. Pulsoximetric monitoring of fetal arterial oxygen saturation and fetal pulse at stage II of labor to predict acidosis in newborn Holstein Friesian calves. Theriogenology 2019; 142:303-309. [PMID: 31711710 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During stage II of parturition, the bovine fetus is at risk of oxygen deficiency caused by insufficient gas exchange between the dam and the fetus. The early detection of this critical condition, followed by assistance at calving, can help to improve the vitality of the newborn calf, or even prevent it from being born dead. By using pulse oximetry, the arterial oxygen saturation, as well as the pulse rate, can be continuously and non-invasively measured. The aim of our study was to identify critical thresholds for the parameters 'arterial oxygen saturation (FSpO2)' and 'pulse rate (PR)' that indicate a severe postnatal risk for calves to suffer from acidosis. FSpO2 and PR from 40 bovine fetuses were recorded during the last 25 min of calving with a commercially available pulse oximeter (Radius-7, Masimo Corporation, Irvine, USA). The calves were tested immediately after birth for acidosis by analyzing their blood with a portable blood gas analyzer (VetScan iStat1, Abaxis Inc., Union City, USA). Retrospectively, the pulsoximetric data were scanned for predefined patterns. The validity of these patterns to predict acidosis in newborn calves was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses. In general, PR was a stronger predictive parameter for acidosis than FSpO2, with the greatest area under the curve (AUC) for the PR criteria 'Pulse rate > 120 beats per minute (bpm) for at least 2 min', with an AUC of 0.764, in contrast to an AUC of 0.613 for the best FSpO2 criteria 'FSpO2 < 40% for at least 50% of the measurement'. Further studies should investigate whether vitality after calving can be improved and fetal death rate can be reduced when obstetric assistance is performed as soon as one of these criteria apply to the bovine fetus. For more practical implementation in the field, improvement of the device's hardware would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kanz
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - E Gusterer
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - S Krieger
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - V Schweinzer
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - D Süss
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - M Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria
| | - M Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 12, 2563, Pottenstein, Austria.
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