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Turner KE, Belesky DP, Zobel RW, Fortuna AM. Initial effects of supplemental forages and feedstuffs on bovine rumen ecology in vitro as determined by DNA-based molecular procedures. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1781648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E. Turner
- Research Animal Scientist, USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK, USA
| | - David P. Belesky
- Agronomist, Clinical Associate Professor and Director of WVU Farms, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Richard W. Zobel
- Research Plant Physiologist (Retired), USDA, ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Fortuna
- Research Soil Microbiologist, USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK, USA
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2
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Min BR, Gurung N, Shange R, Solaiman S. Potential role of rumen microbiota in altering average daily gain and feed efficiency in meat goats fed simple and mixed pastures using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3523-3534. [PMID: 31214714 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective and feasible production system of meat goats requires that grazed forages are converted to profitable goat meat product. However, there are studies as how altering forage type influences ruminal fermentation parameters and animal growth performance, and interact with microbiota in meat goats. Our objective for current study was to examine whether the comparative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (B) and Firmicutes (F) bacterial phyla in meat goats fed simple and mixed forages influenced average daily gain (ADG) and rumen fermentation parameters. In the present study, a molecular approach, bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) was applied to accomplish diversity analyses of rumen bacterial populations. Thirty-six Kiko-cross growing meat goats (body weight (BW) = 27.7 ± 2.83 kg) at approximately 7 mo of age were used in this study. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 pasture treatment groups (n = 12) as follows: 1) bermudagrass pasture (BG; Cynodon dactylon), 2) sunn hemp forage (SH; Crotalaria juncea), and 3) BG + SH forage combinations. There were 2 replicates per treatment and animals grazed these pastures for 45 d. Results indicated that treatments had similar initial BW, but final BW and ADG were higher (P < 0.01) for SH and BG + SH combinations than for BG alone. Animal ADG and rumen fermentation (acetate to propionate; A/P ratios) were highly correlated with the abundance of various bacterial populations within the rumen microbiome. There were linear decreases in percentage of Bacteroidetes (R2 = -0.84; P < 0.05) associated with decreasing ADG. In contrast, increased ADG was linearly associated with higher percentages of Firmicutes (R2 = 0.79; P < 0.05), F/B ratios (R2 = 0.88; P = 0.07), total VFA (R2 = 0.45; P < 0.05), and lower A/P ratio (R2 = -0.72; P < 0.01). This suggests that the substrates (diets) and bacterial community have the role in adapting host biological parameters in meat goats. The abundance examination of both Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes will be useful for exploring the structure of gut microbiota as an estimate of animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng Ryel Min
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL.,United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - Nar Gurung
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL
| | - Raymon Shange
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL
| | - Sandra Solaiman
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL
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Palmonari A, Canestrari G, Fustini M, Bonfante E, Mammi L, Formigoni A. Using single or multiple liquor-donor cows for in vitro digestibility of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fiber with ash correction. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9754-9758. [PMID: 27743664 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro methods requiring ruminal microorganisms to ferment and digest feeds have been used for decades. Though commonly accepted, collecting and pooling rumen fluid from different donor animals to avoid individual characteristics could affect in vitro fermentations. The current study evaluated the effects of individual or pooled liquors on in vitro digestibility of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction (aNDFom). The study was conducted on 24 samples (8 alfalfa hays, 8 grass hays, and 8 corn silages). The 3 donor animals (treatment 1, 2, and 3) were selected based on similar body weights, parity, days in milk, milk production, and milk composition. Samples were digested in vitro via inoculation of different rumen fluid at different time points (12, 24, 72, and 120h). An equal amount of each liquor collected was sampled and equally mixed with the others to obtain treatment 4. For the alfalfa hay group, differences were observed at 12 (29.95, 27.07, 29.02, and 32.55% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and 24h (37.35, 35.54, 36.44, and 40.56% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The inoculum source did not affect in vitro digestibility over longer time periods (72 and 120 h). Similar results were observed in the grass hay group, in which the mixed inoculum had greater digestibility values at both 12 (28.86, 26.89, 27.88, and 30.92% aNDFom for treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and 24h (37.35, 35.54, 36.44, and 40.56% aNDFom for treatment 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), but not over longer time periods. For the corn silage group, we observed differences for treatment 4 only at 12h (35.78, 33.87, 34.83, and 37.80% aNDFom for treatment 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). These results underline the differences among donor animals, especially when evaluating short incubation time points, and that pooling rumen contents is not equal to averaging across individual animals. Reported data require a deeper investigation on whether or not the method of inoculating a pool of rumen contents represents the actual ability of the animal to digest fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palmonari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - G Canestrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Bonfante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Weiss WP. Estimation of Digestibility of Forages by Laboratory Methods. FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.2134/1994.foragequality.c16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Weiss
- Dep. of Dairy Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; The Ohio State Univ; Wooster 44691
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5
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Bliss DZ, Weimer PJ, Jung HJG, Savik K. In vitro degradation and fermentation of three dietary fiber sources by human colonic bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4614-4621. [PMID: 23556460 PMCID: PMC3668776 DOI: 10.1021/jf3054017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although clinical benefits of dietary fiber supplementation seem to depend partially on the extent of fiber degradation and fermentation by colonic bacteria, little is known about the effect of supplemental fiber type on bacterial metabolism. In an experiment using a nonadapted human bacterial population from three normal subjects, the extent of in vitro fermentation was greater for gum arabic (GA) than for psyllium (PSY), which was greater than that for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In a separate experiment, in vitro incubation with feces from 52 subjects with fecal incontinence, before and after random assignment to and consumption of one of three fiber (GA, PSY, or CMC) supplements or a placebo for 20-21 days, indicated that prior consumption of a specific fiber source did not increase its degradation by fecal bacteria. Results suggest that the colonic microbial community enriched on a particular fiber substrate can rapidly adapt to the presentation of a new fiber substrate. Clinical implications of the findings are that intake of a fiber source by humans is not expected to result in bacterial adaptation that would require continually larger and eventually intolerable amounts of fiber to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Z Bliss
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Hall M, Mertens D. A ring test of in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility: Analytical variability and sample ranking. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1992-2003. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Evaluation of lignin contents in tropical forages using different analytical methods and their correlations with degradation of insoluble fiber. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Jayme D, Gonçalves L, Maurício R, Rodrigues J, Rodriguez N, Borges A, Borges I, Saliba E, Pires D, Guimarães Júnior R, Jayme C, Pereira L. Avaliação pela técnica semiautomática de produção de gases das silagens de quatro genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus) (Rumbosol 91, Victoria 627, Victoria 807 e Mycogen 93338). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foram avaliadas as silagens de quatro genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus) (Rumbosol 91, Victoria 627, Victoria 807 e Mycogen 93338), pela técnica semiautomática de produção de gases. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste SNK (p<0,05). O genótipo Rumbosol 91 apresentou a maior produção acumulativa de gases para o tempo de 96 horas de incubação com valor de 128,47mL/g de MS, e o menor valor foi observado para o genótipo Victoria 807 com 92,88. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os valores de degradabilidade da matéria seca (DMS) para as silagens avaliadas nos diferentes tempos. O potencial máximo de produção de gases variou de 91,67 para o genótipo Victoria 807 a 125,46mL/g de MS para a silagem do genótipo Rumbosol 91. O genótipo Rumbosol 91 apresentou a maior DMS para as taxas de passagem de 2 e 5% com valores de 46,39 e 43,26%. O maior valor para taxa de passagem (8%) foi observado para o genótipo Victoria 627. As silagens dos genótipos Rumbosol 91 e Victoria 627 mostraram destacado potencial para produção de gases e taxa de produção de gases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C.G. Jayme
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais
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Sarath G, Mitchell RB, Sattler SE, Funnell D, Pedersen JF, Graybosch RA, Vogel KP. Opportunities and roadblocks in utilizing forages and small grains for liquid fuels. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:343-354. [PMID: 18205019 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA.
| | - Robert B Mitchell
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
| | - Deanna Funnell
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
| | - Jeffery F Pedersen
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
| | - Robert A Graybosch
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
| | - Kenneth P Vogel
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 314 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0737, USA
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In vitro rumen fermentation and in vivo bloat dynamics of steers grazing winter wheat to corn oil supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Jung HJG, Lamb JF. Identification of lucerne stem cell wall traits related to in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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In vitro digestibility of forages as influenced by source of inoculum (sheep rumen versus Rusitec fermenters) and diet of the donor sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Haddad S, Grant R. Influence of nonfiber carbohydrate concentration on forage fiber digestion in vitro. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nogueira Filho J, Fondevila M, Barrios Urdaneta A, González Ronquillo M. In vitro microbial fermentation of tropical grasses at an advanced maturity stage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yoon IK, Stern MD. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae cultures on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1996; 79:411-7. [PMID: 8708102 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Four lactating Holstein cows, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to examine the effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungal (Aspergillus oryzae) cultures on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, and nutrient supply to the small intestine. Cows were fed a basal diet comprising 32.5% corn silage, 17.5% alfalfa hay, 35.3% corn grain, 12.7% soybean meal, and 2% vitamin and mineral mixture on a DM basis. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial as follows: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet plus 57 g/d of yeast culture, 3) basal diet plus 3 g/d of fungal culture, and 4) basal diet plus 57 g/d of yeast culture and 3 g/d of fungal culture. Ruminal pH, ammonia N concentration, and total VFA concentration were similar among treatments. Molar percentages of ruminal isoacids were lower for cows fed a mixture of yeast and fungal culture than for cows fed yeast or fungal culture alone. Yeast culture increased ruminal OM and CP digestion and decreased OM and N flow to the duodenum. Fiber digestion in the rumen was similar among treatments. Fungal culture stimulated proteolytic and cellulolytic bacterial counts. Proteolytic bacterial counts were also stimulated by yeast culture. Results from this experiment demonstrated that yeast and fungal cultures could influence ruminal fermentation and microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Yoon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Abstract
Three in vitro fermentation experiments were conducted to examine the impact on kinetics of fiber digestion of microminerals and tryptone addition, media reduction, fermentation vessel, CO2 gassing regimen, and buffer type. Alfalfa and bromegrass hays were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h and analyzed for NDF. Kinetic measures of fiber digestion were estimated using nonlinear regression with iteratively reweighted least squares. In Experiment 1, continuous CO2 gassing increased rate and decreased lag time prior to NDF digestion compared with purging a non-CO2-saturated buffer at inoculation. Vessel type (50-ml polypropylene tube, 125-ml pyrex Erlenmeyer flask), use of additives (microminerals, tryptone), and media reduction had no effect on kinetics of NDF digestion. In Experiment 2, elimination of both media reduction and nutritive additives increased the lag time prior to NDF digestion. In Experiment 3, continuous CO2 gassing of buffer in 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks resulted in faster rates of NDF digestion than CO2-saturated buffer in 50-ml screw-cap polypropylene tubes. The method that yielded the fastest rates and shortest lag times of NDF digestion consisted of continuous CO2 gassing, reduction, and use of additives to ensure that no nutrient limited fiber digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Grant
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
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Grant RJ, Weidner SJ. Digestion kinetics of fiber: influence of in vitro buffer pH varied within observed physiological range. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:1060-8. [PMID: 1315809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro buffer pH reflective of the diurnal variation in ruminal pH was evaluated for its impact on digestion kinetics of NDF from three forage sources. Alfalfa hay, bromegrass hay, and corn silage were incubated in phosphate-bicarbonate buffer solution adjusted to pH 6.8, 6.5, 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, or 5.5 using 1 M citric acid. Ash-free NDF was measured after 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of fermentation. The experiment was replicated three times; kinetic parameters of fiber digestion were estimated by logarithmic transformation, and by linear and nonlinear regression procedures. Lag in NDF digestion increased as pH fell from 6.8 to 6.5 and again when pH decreased below 6.0. Decreasing buffer pH below 6.2 dramatically reduced NDF digestion rate for alfalfa hay and corn silage but had no significant effect on NDF digestion rate of bromegrass hay. Lag in NDF digestion increased below pH 6.0 for both alfalfa and corn silage but increased only when pH fell below 6.2 for bromegrass. Results suggest that lowered pH exerts its negative effect on NDF digestion between pH 6.2 and 5.8, as evidenced by increased lag and decreased rate, and that critical pH and specific, affected component of digestion varied among forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Grant
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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Varel VH, Dehority BA. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle-bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:148-53. [PMID: 2705767 PMCID: PMC184069 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.1.148-153.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa fiber fractions were compared among bison, bison hybrids, and crossbed cattle (five each) when they were fed alfalfa and corn in a ratio of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50, respectively. The total number of viable bacteria (2.16 x 10(9) to 5.44 x 10(9)/ml of ruminal fluid) and the number of cellulolytic bacteria (3.74 x 10(7) to 10.9 x 10(7)/ml) were not different among groups of animals fed each diet. The genera of protozoa in all of the animal groups were similar; however, when either the 100:0 or 50:50 diet was used the percentage of Entodinium sp. was lower and the percentage of Diplodiniinae was higher (P less than 0.05) in bison than in bison hybrids or cattle. Bacteroides succinogenes made up the largest number of cellulolytic isolates from bison (58 and 36%, respectively, on the 100:0 and 75:25 diets), which were more numerous (P less than 0.05) than those from bison hybrids (36 and 12%) and cattle (33 and 18%). This was offset by a lower number of cellulolytic Butyrivibrio isolates. The numbers of Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens isolates, in general, were similar among the bovid species, although R. flavefaciens generally made up less than 10% of the cellulolytic isolates. In vitro digestibility coefficients were greater (P less than 0.05) for the bison when the 75:25 diet was used and similar for the other two diets. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids was larger (P less than 0.05) in bison than in bison hybrids and cattle when the 50:50 diet was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Varel
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
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