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Otto JR, Malau-Aduli BS, Rao A, Clarke IJ, Malau-Aduli AEO. Effect of incremental levels of crude degummed canola oil on milk progesterone, plasma luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones of primiparous Holstein–Friesian cows in a pasture-based system. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Otto
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rao
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Iain J. Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Aduli Enoch O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Yahi D, Ojo NA, Mshelia GD. Influence of Dexamethasone on Some Reproductive Hormones and Uterine Progesterone Receptor Localization in Pregnant Yankasa Sheep in Semiarid Zones of Nigeria. J Vet Med 2017; 2017:9514861. [PMID: 29181440 PMCID: PMC5664332 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9514861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone is widely used in both veterinary and human medical practices. However, it seems to cause some deleterious effects on pregnancy probably by causing changes in the reproductive hormone levels and their corresponding receptor concentrations. This study investigated the effects of dexamethasone on these parameters. Twenty healthy adult Yankasa sheep comprising 18 ewes and 2 rams were used for this study. Pregnancies were achieved by natural mating after estrus synchronization. Dexamethasone was administered at 0.25 mg/kg body weight on days 1, 3, and 5 during first trimester; days 51, 53, and 55 during second trimester; and days 101, 103, and 105 during the third trimester. Blood samples were collected biweekly for hormonal assay. Uterine biopsies were harvested through caesarean section for immunohistochemical analysis. Results showed that dexamethasone significantly (p < 0.05) decreased progesterone concentrations and caused abortion in Yankasa sheep but had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on estrogen, while progesterone receptors (PR) were upregulated. The abortion could probably be due to decreased progesterone concentrations as a consequence of the adverse effects on placenta. The PR upregulation may be a compensatory mechanism to increase progesterone sensitivity. It was concluded that dexamethasone should not be used in advanced pregnancy in Yankasa sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauda Yahi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Adetayo Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Dauda Mshelia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Abstract
AbstractThe effect of a dietary supplement of calcium soaps of fatty acids on luteal steroidogenic activity was studied in sheep. Mature 3- to 5-year-old North Country Cheviot ewes were given either a pelleted control diet (C; grass, beet pulp, barley; no. = 15) providing daily, 29⋅8 g nitrogen and 13⋅7 MJ of metabolizable energy (ME) or the same diet with 5% (w/w) of the ingredients replaced with protected lipid (C + CaFA; calcium soaps of fatty acids, Megalac, Volac Etd; no. = 15) for 21 days. The latter diet provided daily 30⋅2 g nitrogen and 15⋅9 MJ ME. At the end of the feeding period the ewes were slaughtered and blood samples and ovaries were collected from individual animals. The numbers of large- (≤ 4 mm diameter) and small- to medium-sized (1 to 3 mm diameter) follicles were recorded and follicular fluids from both size groups were stored for later analyses following centrifugation. Each mature corpus luteum (CL) was isolated from its ovary and sliced to provide a pair of ca. 0⋅3 mm diameter sections. These sections (mean = 163 (s.e.12) mg) were cultured separately (4 h; 39°C; 5% CO2) in 3 ml Medium 199 in the absence or presence of 100 μIU LH. Dietary supplementation of calcium soaps of fatty acids increased progesterone concentrations in the plasma (P < 0⋅05) and follicular fluid (P < 0⋅01 and P < 0⋅05 for large and small to medium follicles, respectively); trigylcerides in plasma (P < 0⋅05); total cholesterol in plasma (P < 0⋅001) and follicular fluid (P < 0⋅001); HDL-cholesterol in plasma (P < 0⋅001) and follicular fluid (P < 0⋅01) and LDL-cholesterol in plasma (P < 0⋅01). Progesterone released by luteal tissue into the culture medium in vitro from ewes given protected lipid was higher than that from tissue of control ewes (P < 0⋅05) and supplementary LH in vitro stimulated progesterone secretion by luteal tissues from both groups (P < 0⋅05). In conclusion, a dietary supplement of calcium soaps of fatty acids altered the intra-follicular environment surrounding the oocyte and follicular cells and enhanced luteal function in sheep.
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Faraji Z, Zamiri M, Rowghani E, Akhlaghi A, Jafarzadeh M, Bayat A, Gholami M. Effect of feeding olive-pulp silage on the seminal characteristics and fatty acid profile of the sperm plasma membrane in Iranian fat-tailed sheep. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mendoza A, La Manna A, Crespi D, Crowe MA, Cavestany D. Whole sunflower seeds as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for grazing dairy cows: Effects on metabolic profiles and resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nutritional level and energetic source are determinants of elevated circulatory lipohydroperoxide concentration. Br J Nutr 2008; 99:1255-65. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711450886240x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dietary energetic impact on oxidative stress is incompletely understood. Therefore, effects of diets on oxidative stress were studied using a crossover block design. In Expt 1, intake of metabolizable energy (ME) was restricted orad libitum. In Expt 2, isoenergetic and isonitrogenic diets were fed, replacing carbohydrate energy by energy of fatty acids. Circulatory lipohydroperoxides (LOOH), markers of acute oxidative stress, were expressed absolutely and in terms of cholesterol or TAG levels. In Expt 1, plasma (jugularis vein) LOOH was assayed in combination with whole-body oxidative metabolism using gas exchange and heart rate (HR) during feeding periods and at rest. In Expt 2, LOOH was assayed in plasma from portal and a large udder vein and a mesenteric artery. In Expt 1, intake increased VO2, HR and LOOH following overnight fast with higher values (P < 0·05) when feeding MEad libitum. Intake of MEad libitum(3 weeks) increased cardiac protein of cytochrome oxidase and endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (P < 0·05), indicating adaptation of the heart to higher activity. Transient HR responses evoked by an antidiabetic drug (levcromakalim) revealed a linear positive correlation with relative LOOH (r20·79), supporting the relationship between oxidative metabolic rate and lipoperoxidation. Evidence for exogenous lipids as LOOH source provided the vessel-specific rise in LOOH through replacing carbohydrate ME by lipid ME (Expt 2). Thus, dietary energy level and energetic source are important for circulatory LOOH with a role of vascular activity in production of oxidant.
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Kassa T, Ambrose JD, Adams AL, Risco C, Staples CR, Thatcher MJ, Van Horn HH, Garcia A, Head HH, Thatcher WW. Effects of whole cottonseed diet and recombinant bovine somatotropin on ovarian follicles in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2823-30. [PMID: 12487449 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of whole cottonseed (WCS) in the diet and the administration of bovine somatotropin (bST) on ovarian follicular dynamics and plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations were examined in cows during a period of synchronized follicular growth. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 28) were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Diets consisted of WCS (15% of dry matter) or no WCS, and bST at a dose of 0 or 208 mg/14 d. Dietary treatments began within 24 h of calving and bST treatments began within 7 d postpartum. Cows received GnRH at 65 +/- 3 d postpartum (d 0), PGF2alpha, (d 7), a second dose of GnRH (d 9), and were inseminated 16 h later (d 10). Ovarian changes were monitored daily by ultrasonography from d 0 to 9. On d 9,93% of cows had a preovulatory follicle and 86% ovulated. For Class 2 (6 to 9 mm) follicles, a diet x bST interaction was detected, with bST stimulating Class 2 follicles in cows fed WCS, but not in cows on the control diet. Neither diet nor bST affected numbers of Class 1 (2 to 5 mm) or Class 3 (> or = 10 mm) follicles or sizes of the subordinate and dominant follicles. During the luteal phase of the cycle, lactating cows fed WCS tended to have elevated concentrations of plasma P4, whereas bST was without effect. Plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased in cows fed WCS. Number and diameter of corpora lutea did not differ among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kassa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Francisco CC, Chamberlain CS, Waldner DN, Wettemann RP, Spicer LJ. Propionibacteria fed to dairy cows: effects on energy balance, plasma metabolites and hormones, and reproduction. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:1738-51. [PMID: 12201525 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of feeding Propionibacteria on energy balance, milk yield, and composition, metabolites and hormones of early-lactating dairy cows, multiparous Holstein cows were individually fed a total mixed ration from -2 to 12 wk postpartum with no addition (control, n = 10) or with an additional 17 g of Propionibacteria culture daily (Treated, n = 9). Daily feed intake and milk production were recorded. Plasma cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), leptin, insulin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), and progesterone concentrations were measured up to twice weekly. Cows fed supplemental Propionibacteria had improved energy balance at wk 1 of lactation and had lower DMI per kg of body weight than control cows on wk 3 to 7, 10, and 12. Cows fed Propionibacteria had a greater percentage of milk protein and solids-not-fat and plasma NEFA concentrations than did control cows only at wk 1 of lactation. Treatment did not affect milk production or percentage of milk fat and lactose. Leptin levels were greater in treated than control cows throughout the study. Plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I concentrations were not affected by feeding Propionibacteria, but those variables increased with week postpartum. Plasma IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 levels decreased with week postpartum. Measures of reproductive and ovarian function did not differ between Propionibacteria-treated and control cows. Feeding Propionibacteria culture to transition and early lactating dairy cows may hold potential for improved milk protein production and metabolic efficiency during early lactation, without affecting reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Francisco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0425, USA
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Effects of Calcium Salts of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Growth, Reproductive Performance, and Hormonal and Metabolite Concentrations in Pubertal Beef Heifers and Postpartum Cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Staples CR, Burke JM, Thatcher WW. Influence of supplemental fats on reproductive tissues and performance of lactating cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:856-71. [PMID: 9565891 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat supplementation (about 3% of dietary dry matter) has often positively influenced the reproductive status of the dairy cow, including increased size of the ovulatory follicle, increased numbers of ovarian follicles, increased plasma concentration of progesterone, reduced secretion of prostaglandin metabolite, increased lifespan of the corpus luteum, and improved fertility. Supplemental fat may allay partially negative energy status during the early postpartum period, yet often the positive reproductive influence of supplemental fat has been independent of the energy status of the cow. The fatty acid profile of supplemental fats is influential to their impact. Linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (found in fish meal) are proven inhibitors of cyclooxygenase in endometrial tissue of dairy cows. As a result, endometrial secretion of PGF alpha can be suppressed, thus potentially preventing early embryonic death. This process may be aided by the effect fat has in suppressing estradiol-17 beta secretion, thus reducing uterine PGF2 alpha secretion and decreasing the sensitivity of the corpus luteum to PGF2 alpha. Targeting of dietary fatty acids toward ovarian and uterine function may enhance efficiency of reproductive management and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Staples
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Espinoza J, López-Molina O, Ramírez-Godínez J, Jiménez J, Flores A. Milk composition, postpartum reproductive activity and growth of lambs in Pelibuey ewes fed calcium soaps of long chain fatty acids. Small Rumin Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Auboiron S, Durand D, Bauchart D, Robert JC, Chapman MJ. Lipoprotein metabolism in the preruminant calf: effect of a high fat diet supplemented with L-methionine. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:1870-81. [PMID: 7929948 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary lipid and L-Met supplementation on plasma lipids and lipoproteins were investigated in 16-wk-old preruminant calves. Four calves received the basal milk diet (2.0 g of lipid/kg of BW per meal) for 8 d followed by the same diet supplemented with L-Met (2.6 g/kg of dietary DM) for 5 d. Similarly, seven calves received successively the basal diet supplemented with cream (2.7 g of lipid/kg of BW per meal) and the same diet supplemented with L-Met. The diet with cream induced higher triglyceridemia than the basal diet because of a marked increase in chylomicra and in very low density lipoproteins, which suggested stimulation of intestinal lipoprotein secretion. Moreover, this lipid-enriched diet stimulated the formation of very light high density lipoproteins to the detriment of heavy high density lipoproteins. These particles, the bovine counterpart of mammalian high density lipoproteins of type 1, were distributed within the density range of low density lipoproteins. Addition of L-Met in the diets increased plasma concentrations of chylomicra and very low density lipoproteins, suggesting direct stimulation of the intestinal secretion of both of these lipoproteins and of the hepatic very low density lipoproteins. No effect of L-Met was observed on the concentrations and the physicochemical properties of low and light high density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Auboiron
- Unité de Recherches Métabolismes Energétique et Lipidique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Recherches Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, St Genès-Champanelle, France
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Sklan D, Kaim M, Moallem U, Folman Y. Effect of dietary calcium soaps on milk yield, body weight, reproductive hormones, and fertility in first parity and older cows. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:1652-60. [PMID: 8083425 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects were determined of dietary Ca soaps of fatty acids fed to cows to 120 DIM on milk yield, BW, peripheral concentrations of reproductive hormones, and fertility in primiparous and multiparous cows. Milk yield was increased in primiparous and multiparous cows fed Ca soaps, and milk fat and protein yields were enhanced. Body weight losses were greater for all cows fed Ca soaps, and this trend was greater and longer lasting in primiparous cows than in multiparous cows. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were elevated in multiparous cows, but FFA tended to be higher in primiparous cows fed Ca soaps. Conception rate at first AI was lower for primiparous cows fed Ca soaps (33%) than for controls (74%), but differences were not significant for later AI or between multiparous groups. No differences were apparent for plasma progesterone or estradiol in the luteal or follicular phases preceding the first AI, and differences in mean luteinizing hormone concentrations were small in a 6-h window in the follicular phase. The differences in conception rate at first AI in primiparous cows could not be explained on the basis of changes in peripheral hormone concentrations. The enhanced negative energy balance in primiparous cows fed Ca soaps apparently was related to the decrease in their conception rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sklan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
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Carr DL, Spitzer JC, Jenkins TC, Burns GL, Plyler BB. Effect of dietary lipid supplementation on progesterone concentration and reproductive performance in suckled beef cows. Theriogenology 1994; 41:423-35. [PMID: 16727400 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/1993] [Accepted: 10/07/1993] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using whole cottonseed as a lipid source, silage-based diets that were isocaloric and isonitrogenous yet varied in lipid level were fed to multiparous cows. In Experiment 1, 48 cows (n = 12 per treatment) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments where diets were formulated to supply 3.9, 4.3, 5.3 and 6.3% of total lipid. In Experiment 2, 66 cows (n = 22 per treatment) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatments where diets were formulated to supply 3.1, 5.5 and 8.3% of total lipid. Length of the first ovarian cycle, length of the first normal estrous cycle, postpartum intervals to onset of ovarian luteal activity and to first estrus were not affected by diet (P>0.10) in either experiment. Mean progesterone (P(4)) concentrations for first normal estrous cycles were not different (P>0.10) in either experiment. Anestrous periods were divided into 3 phases for analyses: Phase I) parturition to onset of ovarian luteal activity, Phase II) first ovarian luteal activity and Phase III) first normal estrous cycle. No differences were observed in P(4) concentrations during any phase of the postpartum period. In conclusion, isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with increasing levels of lipid had no effect on reproductive performance in suckled beef in these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Carr
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department Clemson University Clemson, SC 29634-0361 USA
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Spicer LJ, Vernon RK, Tucker WB, Wettemann RP, Hogue JF, Adams GD. Effects of inert fat on energy balance, plasma concentrations of hormones, and reproduction in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76:2664-73. [PMID: 8227668 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of dietary inert fat on estimated energy balance, hormones in plasma, and reproduction during early lactation. From wk 0 to 12 postpartum, 14 pluriparous Holstein cows were fed individually a TMR, and blood samples were taken twice weekly for quantification of IGF-I, progesterone, and cholesterol. During wk 5 to 12, one-half of the cows remained on the TMR, and the other half were fed the TMR containing inert fat at 1.8% of dietary DM. Estrous behavior was monitored twice daily, and body condition scores were recorded every 4 wk. Cows fed inert fat between wk 5 and 12 postpartum had similar concentrations of IGF-I in plasma but greater luteal phase progesterone secretions than cows fed the control diet. Total cholesterol in plasma also was greater in cows fed inert fat than in cows fed the control diet. Intervals to first, second, and third ovulation or estrus did not differ among cows fed control or inert fat diets. Body condition scores, daily DMI, and milk production were not affected by dietary inert fat. Inert fat fed to cows between wk 5 and 12 postpartum did not affect ovulatory activity but may enhance luteal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
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