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Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhang S, Yang K, Liu Y, Lai B, Yu F. Disruption and recovery of outdoor bioaerosols before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak at a campus in Central China: pathogen composition, particle size distribution, influencing factors, and exposure risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:421-435. [PMID: 38258910 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Before (2019), during (2020), and after (2021) the COVID-19 outbreak, different response methods and measures were taken on campuses to control the spread of COVID-19 within schools. These response methods may have changed the outdoor bioaerosol characteristics, which may affect staff and student health. Therefore, we analyzed the bacterial concentrations, particle size distribution, microbial populations, exposure risks, and environmental influences of bioaerosols at a campus before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. This study used eight-stage Andersen samplers to collect and analyze culturable bacteria in bioaerosols from various locations, high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial species, principal component analysis to compare differences in samples, RDA to investigate the effects of environmental factors on bioaerosols, and hazard quotient (HQ) and BugBase to evaluate human health risks. The study findings revealed that average bacterial concentrations before, during, and after COVID-19 were 75 CFU m-3, 136 CFU m-3, and 78 CFU m-3, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage of bacteria attached to PM2.5 was 49.2%, 42.7%, and 29.9%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that species composition changed significantly during the three years of COVID-19. The proportion of Pantoea and Bacillus increased with the development of COVID-19 and these became the dominant strains after COVID-19, whereas Pseudomonas had the maximum proportion during COVID-19. Both risk assessment and BugBase phenotype prediction results indicated that the potential pathogenic risk was the highest in the outdoor environment of the campus during COVID-19 and that bioaerosol contamination was the most severe compared to the outdoor bioaerosol characteristics of the campus recovered after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Bisheng Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Fangfang Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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Sadeghi J, Chaganti SR, Johnson TB, Heath DD. Host species and habitat shape fish-associated bacterial communities: phylosymbiosis between fish and their microbiome. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:258. [PMID: 37981701 PMCID: PMC10658978 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many studies have reported that the structure of the gut and skin microbiota is driven by both species-specific and habitat-specific factors, the relative importance of host-specific versus environmental factors in wild vertebrates remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and composition of fish skin, gut, and surrounding water bacterial communities (hereafter referred to as microbiota) and assess the extent to which host habitat and phylogeny predict microbiota similarity. Skin swabs and gut samples from 334 fish belonging to 17 species were sampled in three Laurentian Great Lakes (LGLs) habitats (Detroit River, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario). We also collected and filtered water samples at the time of fish collection. We analyzed bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding and tested for community variation. RESULTS We found that the water microbiota was distinct from the fish microbiota, although the skin microbiota more closely resembled the water microbiota. We also found that environmental (sample location), habitat, fish diet, and host species factors shape and promote divergence or convergence of the fish microbiota. Since host species significantly affected both gut and skin microbiota (separately from host species effects), we tested for phylosymbiosis using pairwise host species phylogenetic distance versus bacterial community dissimilarity. We found significant phylogenetic effects on bacterial community dissimilarity, consistent with phylosymbiosis for both the fish skin and gut microbiota, perhaps reflecting the longstanding co-evolutionary relationship between the host species and their microbiomes. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the gut and skin mucus microbiota across diverse fish species in complex natural ecosystems such as the LGLs provides insights into the potential for habitat and species-specific effects on the microbiome, and ultimately the health, of the host. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Subba Rao Chaganti
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy B Johnson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Glenora Fisheries Station, Picton, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D Heath
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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Cozorici D, Măciucă RA, Stancu C, Tihăuan BM, Uță RB, Codrea CI, Matache R, Pop CE, Wolff R, Fendrihan S. Microbial Contamination and Survival Rate on Different Types of Banknotes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074310. [PMID: 35409990 PMCID: PMC8998619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic context, numerous concerns have been raised regarding the hygienic status of certain objects we interact with on a daily basis, and especially cash money and their potential to harbor and transmit pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed different currency bills represented by British pounds (5 £, 10 £ and 20 £), Romanian lei (1 leu, 5 lei and 10 lei), U.S. dollars (1 $, 5 $ and 10 $) and Euros (5 €, 10 € and 20 €) in order to evaluate the bacterial survival rate and bacterial adherence. We used five reference microorganisms by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA): Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterococcus sp. ATCC 19952, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi ATCC 6539, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Microorganisms were selected in accordance with the criteria of prevalence, pathogenicity, opportunism, and incidence. However, Maldi-TOF analysis from samples taken from the banknotes revealed only a few of the common pathogens that are traditionally thought to be found on banknotes. Some of the most important factors for the survival of pathogenic agents on surfaces are the presence of organic matter, temperature and humidity. Our data showed that Salmonella enterica survived 72 h on every banknote tested, while L. monocytogenes tended to improve persistence in humid conditions. Survival rate is also influenced by the substrate composition, being lower for polymer-based banknotes especially for Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus sp. The adherence of bacterial strains was lower for polymer-based banknotes British pounds and Romanian Leu, in contrast to the cotton-based U.S dollars and Euro banknotes. The risk of bacterial contamination from the banknote bills is high as indicated by both a strong survival capacity and low adherence of tested bacteria with differences between the two types of materials used for the tested banknotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derniza Cozorici
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana-Alexandra Măciucă
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independenței, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Costel Stancu
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
| | - Bianca-Maria Tihăuan
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, 91-95 Splaiul Independenței, 050567 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research & Development for Advanced Biotechnologies and Medical Devices, SC Sanimed International Impex SRL, 087040 Călugăreni, Romania
| | - Robert Bogdan Uță
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
| | - Cosmin Iulian Codrea
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan Matache
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection, 294 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Emilian Pop
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independenței, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Wolff
- College of Nursing and Public Health, South University, 9 Science Ct., Columbia, SC 29203, USA;
| | - Sergiu Fendrihan
- Non-Governmental Research Organization Biologic, 14 Schitului Str., 032044 Bucharest, Romania or (C.S.); (R.B.U.); (S.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” University, Revoluției Blvd. 94, 310025 Arad, Romania
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Brockmann M, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Gentil M, Heusinger A, Müller E, Marschang RE, Pees M. Challenges in microbiological identification of aerobic bacteria isolated from the skin of reptiles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240085. [PMID: 33075077 PMCID: PMC7571677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial pathogens are often involved in dermatitis in reptiles. Exact identification of reptile-specific but otherwise uncommon bacterial species may be challenging. However, identification is crucial to evaluate the importance of the detected bacterial species. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the number of aerobic bacterial isolates cultured from skin-derived samples of reptiles which were not reliably identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and to determine their identity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Routine bacterial diagnostics were performed on 235 skin samples, and 417 bacterial isolates were analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The isolates were grouped into categories based on their first score: category I (≥ 2.00), category II (≥ 1.70 and < 2.00), and category III (< 1.70). Isolates from category III were further investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the following criteria were applied: query cover 100%, e-value rounded to 0.0 and sequence identity (%) > 98.00% for genus identification, and > 99.00% for species identification. RESULTS The majority of bacterial isolates were in category I (85.1%) or category II (8.4%). In category III (6.5%) results achieved at first by MALDI-TOF MS corresponded to the results of the molecular analysis in 8.0% of isolates at the species level and in 24.0% at the genus level. Bacterial isolates classified as category III were heterogenic in genus (e.g. Chryseobacterium, Devriesea, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Uruburuella), and some have only been described in reptiles so far. CONCLUSIONS Most of the aerobic bacterial isolates cultured from reptile skin achieved high scores by MALDI-TOF MS. However, in the majority of category III isolates MALDI-TOF MS results were different from those of the molecular analysis. This strengthens the need to carefully examine low-scored results for plausibility and to be familiar with the occurrence and morphology of relevant reptile-specific bacterial species (e.g. Devriesea agamarum) as well as with the limits of the database used.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteria, Aerobic/chemistry
- Bacteria, Aerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Aerobic/isolation & purification
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Reptiles/microbiology
- Skin/microbiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Pees
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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The First Report of Cerebral Nocardiosis Caused by Nocardia terpenica Together With Exiguobacterium profundum Bacteremia. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen X, Wang L, Zhou J, Wu H, Li D, Cui Y, Lu B. Exiguobacterium sp. A1b/GX59 isolated from a patient with community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia: genomic characterization and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:508. [PMID: 28732529 PMCID: PMC5521131 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial species belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium are facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive bacilli, and rarely associated with human infections. Herein, we reported the first case of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and bacteremia due to Exiguobacterium spp. in China. Case presentation An adult male with severe CAP was hospitalized. The pathogen was isolated from his bloodstream and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. The correct identification of the micro-organism was achieved using 16S rRNA sequencing, and its antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by microdilution method. The Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize its genetic features and to elucidate its potential pathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, its genome sequence was also compared with those of 3 publicly-available Exiguobacterium strains. A PubMed search was performed for further understanding the features of Exiguobacterium infections. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain GX59 was most closely related to Exiguobacterium AT1b (99.7%). The genome of GX59 was 2,727,929 bp in size, harbouring 2855 putative protein-coding genes, 5 rRNA operons, 37 tRNA genes and 1 tmRNA. The multiple genome comparison of 4 Exiguobacterium strains demonstrated that Exiguobacterium contained 37 genes of secretion systems, including sec, tat, FEA, Type IV Pili and competence-related DNA transformation transporter (Com). Virulence factors of the micro-organism included tlyC, NprR, MCP, Dam, which might play a critical role in causing lethal infection. Conclusions The study highlighted the potential pathogenicity of the genus Exiguobacterium for its unique genes encoding various virulence factors and those associated with antibiotic resistance, therefore, its clinical significance should be valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | | | | | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, No1. Gaojing Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Yanchao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, No1. Gaojing Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, No1. Gaojing Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100123, China.
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García-Mena J, Murugesan S, Pérez-Muñoz AA, García-Espitia M, Maya O, Jacinto-Montiel M, Monsalvo-Ponce G, Piña-Escobedo A, Domínguez-Malfavón L, Gómez-Ramírez M, Cervantes-González E, Núñez-Cardona MT. Airborne Bacterial Diversity from the Low Atmosphere of Greater Mexico City. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:70-84. [PMID: 26944561 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Greater Mexico City is one of the largest urban centers in the world, with an estimated population by 2010 of more than 20 million inhabitants. In urban areas like this, biological material is present at all atmospheric levels including live bacteria. We sampled the low atmosphere in several surveys at different points by the gravity method on LB and blood agar media during winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons in the years 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2012. The colonial phenotype on blood agar showed α, β, and γ hemolytic activities among the live collected bacteria. Genomic DNA was extracted and convenient V3 hypervariable region libraries of 16S rDNA gene were high-throughput sequenced. From the data analysis, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the more abundant phyla in all surveys, while the genera from the family Enterobacteriaceae, in addition to Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Erwinia spp., Gluconacetobacter spp., Proteus spp., Exiguobacterium spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were also abundant. From this study, we conclude that it is possible to detect live airborne nonspore-forming bacteria in the low atmosphere of GMC, associated to the microbial cloud of its inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Selvasankar Murugesan
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ashael Alfredo Pérez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Matilde García-Espitia
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del IPN, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, 07320, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Otoniel Maya
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Jacinto-Montiel
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Giselle Monsalvo-Ponce
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lilianha Domínguez-Malfavón
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Gómez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- CICATA-Querétaro, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, 76090, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Elsa Cervantes-González
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78700, Matehuala, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Núñez-Cardona
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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