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Sahiner N, Umut E, Suner SS, Sahiner M, Culha M, Ayyala RS. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-Gd(III) and HA-Fe(III) microgels as MRI contrast enhancing agents. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118873. [PMID: 34893278 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) was crosslinked with Gd(III) and Fe(III) ions rendering physically crosslinked HA-metal(III) microgels as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancing contrast agents. These HA-Gd(III) and HA-Fe(III) microgels are injectable with size range, 50-5000 nm in water. The same isoelectric point, pH 1.2 ± 0.1, was measured for both microgels. HA-Gd(III) and HA-Fe(III) microgels are hemo-compatible biomaterials and can be safely used in intravascular applications up to 1000 μg/mL concentration. Furthermore, no significant toxicity was attained as 95 ± 8 and 81 ± 2% cell viability on L929 fibroblast cells at 100 μg/mL of HA-Gd(III) and HA-Fe(III) microgels were measured. Moreover, HA-Gd(III) microgels were found to afford significant contrast improvement capability in MRI with proton relaxivity, r1 = 2.11 mM-1 s-1, comparable with the values reported for Gd(III) labeled functionalized HA gel systems and commercial Gd based contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Evrim Umut
- Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, School of Healthcare, Dokuz Eylul University, Narlıdere, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Selin S Suner
- Department of Chemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Fashion Design, Canakkale School of Applied Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Orta Mh. Universite Cd. No:27/1, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Braune S, Bäckemo J, Lau S, Heuchel M, Kratz K, Jung F, Reinthaler M, Lendlein A. The influence of different rewetting procedures on the thrombogenicity of nanoporous poly(ether imide) microparticles. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 77:367-380. [PMID: 33337356 DOI: 10.3233/ch-201029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) are discussed as candidate adsorber materials for the removal of uremic toxins during apheresis. Polymers exhibiting such porosity can induce the formation of micro-gas/air pockets when exposed to fluids. Such air presenting material surfaces are reported to induce platelet activation and thrombus formation. Physical or chemical treatments prior to implantation are discussed to reduce the formation of such gas nuclei. Here, we report about the influence of different rewetting procedures - as chemical treatments with solvents - on the thrombogenicity of hydrophobic PEI microparticles and PEI microparticles hydrophilized by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different chain lengths.Autoclaved dry PEI particles of all types with a diameter range of 200 - 250 μm and a porosity of about 84% ±2% were either rewetted directly with phosphate buffered saline (24 h) or after immersion in an ethanol-series. Thrombogenicity of the particles was studied in vitro upon contact with human sodium citrated whole blood for 60 min at 5 rpm vertical rotation. Numbers of non-adherent platelets were quantified, and adhesion of blood cells was qualitatively analyzed by bright field microscopy. Platelet activation (percentage of CD62P positive platelets and amounts of soluble P-Selectin) and platelet function (PFA100 closure times) were analysed.Retention of blood platelets on the particles was similar for all particle types and both rewetting procedures. Non-adherent platelets were less activated after contact with ethanol-treated particles of all types compared to those rewetted with phosphate buffered saline as assessed by a reduced number of CD62P-positive platelets and reduced amounts of secreted P-Selectin (P < 0.05 each). Interestingly, the hydrophilic surfaces significantly increased the number of activated platelets compared to hydrophobic PEI regardless of the rewetting agent. This suggests that, apart from wettability, other material properties might be more important to regulate platelet activation. PFA100 closure times were reduced and within the reference ranges in the ethanol group, however, significantly increased in the saline group. No substantial difference was detected between the tested surface modifications. In summary, rewetting with ethanol resulted in a reduced thrombogenicity of all studied microparticles regardless of their wettability, most likely resulting from the evacuation of air from the nanoporous particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braune
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - J Bäckemo
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - S Lau
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - M Heuchel
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - K Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - M Reinthaler
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Department for Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Kratz K, Heuchel M, Weigel T, Lendlein A. Surface hydrophilization of highly porous poly(ether imide) microparticles by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Reinthaler M, Johansson JB, Braune S, Al-Hindwan HSA, Lendlein A, Jung F. Shear-induced platelet adherence and activation in an in-vitro dynamic multiwell-plate system. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:183-191. [PMID: 30584128 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Circulating blood cells are prone to varying flow conditions when contacting cardiovascular devices. For a profound understanding of the complex interplay between the blood components/cells and cardiovascular implant surfaces, testing under varying shear conditions is required. Here, we study the influence of arterial and venous shear conditions on the in vitro evaluation of the thrombogenicity of polymer-based implant materials.Medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were included as reference materials. The polymers were exposed to whole blood from healthy humans. Blood was agitated orbitally at low (venous shear stress: 2.8 dyne · cm-2) and high (arterial shear stress: 22.2 dyne · cm-2) agitation speeds in a well-plate based test system. Numbers of non-adherent platelets, platelet activation (P-Selectin positive platelets), platelet function (PFA100 closure times) and platelet adhesion (laser scanning microscopy (LSM)) were determined.Microscopic data and counting of the circulating cells revealed increasing numbers of material-surface adherent platelets with increasing agitation speed. Also, activation of the platelets was substantially increased when tested under the high shear conditions (P-Selectin levels, PFA-100 closure times). At low agitation speed, the platelet densities did not differ between the three materials. Tested at the high agitation speed, lowest platelet densities were observed on PDMS, intermediate levels on PET and highest on PTFE. While activation of the circulating platelets was affected by the implant surfaces in a similar manner, PFA closure times did not reflect this trend.Differences in the thrombogenicity of the studied polymers were more pronounced when tested at high agitation speed due to the induced shear stresses. Testing under varying shear stresses, thus, led to a different evaluation of the implant thrombogenicity, which emphasizes the need for testing under various flow conditions. Our data further confirmed earlier findings where the same reference implants were tested under static (and not dynamic) conditions and with fresh human platelet rich plasma instead of whole blood. This supports that the application of common reference materials may improve inter-study comparisons, even under varying test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reinthaler
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic II, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Bäckemo Johansson
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Steffen Braune
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Haitham Saleh Ali Al-Hindwan
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic II, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
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Khan I, Vishwakarma SK, Khan AA, Ramakrishnan G, Dutta JR. In vitro hemocompatability evaluation of gold nanoparticles capped with Lactobacillus plantarum derived lipase1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:197-205. [PMID: 29630542 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are key diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biomedical sciences. Several studies have been carried out in different therapeutic areas such as in cancer treatment, antibacterial topical agents, imaging agents etc. There is a necessity to evaluate the gold nanoparticles cytotoxicity at all fronts. Since blood is the first point of contact in any therapy, it is required to have a thorough in vitro investigation of gold nanoparticles to avoid any adverse effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effect of gold nanoparticles capped with lipase on blood clotting factors, platelets, coagulation time and blood clotting strength. METHODS Whole blood samples were drawn from healthy volunteers. Plasma and plasma with platelets were isolated from the blood and all the samples were treated with lipase capped gold nanoparticles, except control. Plasma fibrinogen formed in the blood coagulation process after contacting with nanoparticles was quantitatively evaluated. In addition, platelet aggregation, blood clotting kinetics, strength of the blood clot and time were evaluated post nanoparticle treatment. RESULTS The work primarily explores the effect of GNPs on blood with changing concentrations of lipase capping. Plasma fibrinogen levels of plasma samples were found to be moderately elevated, however, there is no significant effect on blood clotting kinetics, strength, and platelet aggregation. Also, the study showed that lipase capped GNPs did not result in aggregation upon interaction with plasma components and remained stable for 1 hour after incubation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that lipase capped GNPs synthesized using NaBH4 approach were stable and hemocompatible. There is an increase in fibrinogen levels after the exposure to nanoparticles, an observation which is consistent with other studies. However, the functional consequences of such increase are unknown. The results of no significant platelet aggregation, change in blood clotting time, kinetics, and clot strength revealed the non-toxic effect of lipase capped GNPs towards blood components, which is essential for any in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayati Ray Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Kumar RK, Heuchel M, Kratz K, Lendlein A, Jankowski J, Tetali SD. Effects of extracts prepared from modified porous poly(ether imide) microparticulate absorbers on cytotoxicity, macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory behavior of human monocytic (THP-1) cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:175-185. [PMID: 29630537 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Remaining uremic toxins in the blood of chronic renal failure patients represent one central challenge in hemodialysis therapies. Highly porous poly(ether imide) (PEI) microparticles have been recently introduced as candidate absorber materials, which show a high absorption capacity for uremic toxins and allow hydrophilic surface modification suitable for minimization of serum protein absorption. In this work, the effects of extracts prepared from PEI microparticles modified by nucleophilic reaction with low molecular weight polyethylene imine (Pei) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), on human monocytic (THP-1) cells are studied. The obtained results suggested that the extracts of Pei and KOH modified PEI absorbers have no negative effect on THP-1 cell viability and do not initiate the critical differentiation towards macrophages. The extracts did not enhance transcript or protein levels of investigated proinflammatory markers in THP-1 cells, namely, TNFμ, MCP1, IL6 and IL8. Based on these findings such modified PEI microparticles should be qualified for further pre-clinical evaluation i.e. in an in vivo animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddi K Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Matthias Heuchel
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Germany.,School of Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarada D Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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