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Xiao M, Liang J, Ren J, Zheng R, Wu L. The imaging features of ectopic spleen: which modality is more consistent? A cases series report and literature reviews. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1310394. [PMID: 38529386 PMCID: PMC10961413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1310394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic spleen (ES) is a rare condition. It is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging modalities. In this case series, we presented the imaging features of three misdiagnosed ES cases in our hospital and previously reported cases to compare the consistency of enhancement patterns among different imaging modalities with varied phases. Finally, 22 cases were reviewed. We determined that variable arterial phase enhancement and persistent enhancement throughout the portal and delayed phases are present in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging of the ES and found the arterial phase of CEUS had the highest consistency compared with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Xu WC, Sun LP, Xu HX, Wang Q. Conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of scleroring angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:237-245. [PMID: 37066903 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is an uncommon non-tumorous disease of the spleen. The low morbidity and non-specific clinical symptoms of SANT might cause a misdiagnosis. The present study reported a case of a 31-year-old female with a SANT of the spleen. Findings on clinical manifestations and examinations, especially on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), were carefully analyzed, and relevant literatures have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
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3
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Tews HC, Kandulski A, Schmid S, Schlosser S, Schirner S, Putz FJ, Cosma L, Gülow K, Müller M, Jung EM. Multimodal ultrasound imaging with conventional B-mode, elastography, and parametric analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): A novel approach to assess small bowel manifestation in severe COVID-19 disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:341-360. [PMID: 35871323 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to describe the small bowel morphology with conventional B-mode and elastography and additionally to evaluate dynamic effects of COVID-19 associated small bowel microvascularization using CEUS with color coded perfusion parameters.Thirteen patients with severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were investigated. 13 patients required intensive care treatment with mechanical ventilation. Five patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed by an experienced investigator as a bolus injection of up to 2.4 ml sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles via a central venous catheter. In the parametric analysis of CEUS, the flare of microbubbles over time is visualized with colors. This is the first work using parametric analysis of CEUS to detect perfusion differences in the small bowel.Parametric analysis of CEUS in the intestinal phase was carried out, using DICOM loops for 20 seconds. In 5 patients, parametric analysis revealed intraindividual differences in contrast agent behavior in the small bowel region. Analogous to the computed tomography (CT) images parametric analysis showed regions of simultaneous hyper- and hypoperfusion of the small intestine in a subgroup of patients. In 5 patients, the parametric image of transmural global contrast enhancement was visualized.Our results using CEUS to investigate small bowel affection in COVID-19 suggest that in severe COVID-19 ARDS systemic inflammation and concomitant micro embolisms may lead to disruption of the epithelial barrier of the small intestine.This is the first study using parametric analysis of CEUS to evaluate the extent of small bowel involvement in severe COVID-19 disease and to detect microemboli. In summary, we show that in COVID-19 the small bowel may also be an important interaction site. This is in line with the fact that enterocytes have been shown to a plenitude of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptors as entry sites of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schlosser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schirner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F J Putz
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Cosma
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E M Jung
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Canejo-Teixeira R, Lima A, Santana A. Applications of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Splenic Studies of Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162104. [PMID: 36009694 PMCID: PMC9404716 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has become a reliable tool for identifying and monitoring lesions in both human and animals. In the last decade, its use in veterinary diagnostic imaging has gained increasing importance, and it can be reliable in everyday clinical practice. However, there is a lack of reviews describing existing CEUS results in the study of splenic lesions, which is of particular importance in dogs and cats. This information is important for validating its efficacy, to facilitate decision making related to sampling procedures and diagnosis, or even as a means to select CEUS as an alternative diagnostic tool in specific cases. Our goal was to review the existing studies of CEUS applications for splenic ultrasound studies in cats and dogs, present these results in a systematic manner, and combine this information into practical guidelines that can be used to help diagnosis and interpretation in both clinical cases and research. Abstract Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging technology in veterinary medicine involving the administration of intravenous contrast agents, and it is increasingly recognized for its high potential as a diagnostic imaging tool for small animals. This exam is easy and quick to perform, safe and reliable, and allows for the differentiation of lesions. It permits the identification of lesions that may require more invasive procedures, from those that can be safely dismissed to those that can be followed-up with ultrasound imaging. Although it has been extensively reviewed for use in human medicine, there is an overall lack of information about the application of this technique for cats and dogs, particularly in splenic studies, which can be particularly important for small animals. The present review describes and summarizes the CEUS applications used for splenic analysis in cats and dogs, providing a basic overview of CEUS technology with examples of common and uncommon features of focal splenic lesions. It also systematically gathers the results obtained for benign and malignant splenic lesions described in the literature, whilst providing guidelines for their interpretation. Furthermore, it presents the advantages of using CEUS for splenic analysis in cats and dogs and the main factors that may influence the quality of the imaging and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This type of knowledge can be used to provide a framework to help veterinarians make informed decisions regarding the use of this emerging technique for splenic lesions, guiding their interpretation of CEUS findings in the splenic ultrasounds of cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Canejo-Teixeira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Santana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS-Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Tews H, Kandulski A, Schmid S, Peschel G, Gülow K, Schlosser S, Schirner S, Stroszczynski C, Müller M, Jung E. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) a novel tool to detect intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in severe COVID-19 disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 81:177-190. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-221407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ten patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease were studied. Nine patients required intensive care treatment, among them four needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed by one experienced investigator as a bolus injection of up to 2.4 ml of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles via a central venous catheter. B-Mode evaluation and strain elastography showed mural edema of the small bowel with a thickness of up to 10 mm in all patients. We applied color coded Doppler sonography (CCDS) and power mode with flow-adapted parameters and early, dynamic capillary arterial contrast enhancement of bowel wall structures <10 s to assess perfusion of the small bowel. In all patients, reactive hyperemia was seen in the entire small bowel. In a subgroup of seven patients microbubbles translocated into the intestinal lumen. Thus, high-grade intestinal barrier disruption secondary to SARSCoV-2 infection can be postulated in these patients. This is the first description of perfusion changes and a disruption of the small bowel epithelial barrier in COVID-19 Patients using contrast ultrasonography and elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.C. Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Peschel
- Departement of Internal Medicine, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - K. Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - S. Schirner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C. Stroszczynski
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E.M. Jung
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Shi XQ, Zhang H, Liu X, Dong Y, Yang P, Qian L. Feasibility and efficiency of contrast enhanced ultrasound real time guided fine needle aspiration for sentinel lymph node of breast cancer. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 80:267-279. [PMID: 34719485 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the feasibility and efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) real-time guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study reviewed 21 breast cancer patients who scheduled for surgical resection performed CEUS real-time guided SLN-FNA and intraoperative SLN biopsy (SLNB). The success rate of CEUS real-time guided SLN-FNA was analyzed. The FNA diagnostic efficiency of SLN metastasis was analyzed compared to SLNB. RESULTS Twenty-six SLNs were detected by intradermal CEUS whereas 130 SLNs were detected by SLNB. The median SLNs detected by intradermal CEUS (n = 1) and by SLNB (n = 5) was significantly difference (p < 0.001). All 26 CE-SLNs of 21 patients were successfully performed intradermal CEUS dual image real-time guided SLN-FNA including 5 SLNs of 4 patients which were difficult to distinguish in conventional ultrasound. Compared to SLNB, FNA found 2 of 5 cases of SLN metastasis, the diagnosis sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Yoden index were 40%, 100%, 100%, 84.2%, 60%, 0%and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION SLN-FNA real-time guided by dual CEUS image mode was technically feasible. Patients with a positive SLN-FNA should be advised to ALND without intraoperative SLNB according to Chinese surgeon and patients' conservatism attitude. But a negative SLN-FNA did not obviate the need of conventional SLNB because of the high false negative rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Quan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lerchbaumer MH, Althoff CE, Fischer T. Real-time CEUS-guided biopsy revealing a littoral cell angioma of the spleen after inconclusive CT and MRI findings. J Ultrason 2021; 21:e244-e247. [PMID: 34540280 PMCID: PMC8439136 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this case report is to present real-time CEUS-guided biopsy for diagnosing rare benign splenic pathologies after inconclusive findings on cross-sectional imaging. We present the case of a 50-year-old male patient who received a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the thorax during the evaluation for lung transplant due to lung fibrosis, with incidental finding of disseminated hypodense splenic lesions. During follow-up imaging, the patient did not tolerate a complete MRI examination, and two acquired pulse sequences did not confirm the final diagnosis. While CT-guided biopsy revealed no results, CEUS-guided target biopsy with repeated contrast injections showed a benign littoral cell angioma of the spleen. The use of real-time CEUS-guided target biopsy during lesion washout may be a useful tool to improve the accuracy of biopsy and accelerate the diagnosis in patients with parenchymal lesions after inconclusive cross-sectional imaging findings which may pose a challenge for CT-guided biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian E Althoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Lu DY, Liu L, Shen L, Cai JR, Xu L, Xiang LH. Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted biopsies versus standard systematic biopsies for prostate cancer correction in different PSA value groups in rural China. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 77:295-301. [PMID: 33252065 DOI: 10.3233/ch-200993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prostate cancer detection rate of different biopsy protocols in different PSA value groups in rural China. METHODS A total of 186 patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in order to determine the puncture target prior to biopsy were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent 12-core SB combined with CEUS-TB. The biopsy results of different biopsy protocols were compared in patients with stratification by PSA value. RESULTS Among the 186 patients underwent prostate biopsy, the histopathologic results revealed prostate cancer (PCa) in 117 cases (62.9%) and benign lesions in 69 cases (37.1%). The PCa detection rate between 8-core SB and 12-core SB showed no significant difference in PSA 4-10 ng/ml group, while the 12-core SB was significantly higher than CEUS-TB (44.9% versus 32.7%, P = 0.01). In PSA 10-20 ng/ml group, the significant difference was not seen between SB and CEUS-TB (50.0% versus 45.7%, P = 0.15). As for PSA greater than 20 ng/ml group, the PCa detection rate by SB was higher than CEUS-TB, but showed no statistically significance (79.1% versus 76.9%, P = 0.15). In the overall patients, the biopsy core positive rate of CEUS-TB was significantly higher than SB (97% versus 55.5% and 28.5%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The flexible use of SB combined with CEUS-TB can reduce the number of biopsy cores in higher PSA groups. It has clinical importance in the detection of PCa in different PSA value groups in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yuan Lu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Rong Cai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hua Xiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Tuma J. [CME Sonography 96: Spleen Changes]. PRAXIS 2021; 110:65-74. [PMID: 33530784 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CME Sonography 96: Spleen Changes Abstract. The spleen is a somewhat neglected organ but there are some changes that must not be neglected. Splenomegaly, caused worldwide most commonly by malaria, can occur in other infections, in portal vein thrombosis or in portal hypertension in the context of liver cirrhosis. An accessory spleen is also often found. Sometimes after splenectomy, small remains are found which may later hypertrophy. Where focal changes are concerned, we differentiate between various forms of spleen cysts, lymphomas, metastases, and benign tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tuma
- Ultrasound Learning Center (ULC) der European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich
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10
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Jung EM, Stroszczynski C, Jung F. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect abdominal microcirculatory disorders in severe cases of COVID-19 infection: First experience. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 74:353-361. [PMID: 32333581 PMCID: PMC7369109 DOI: 10.3233/ch-209003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the hands of experienced examiners, the contrast enhanced sonography (CEUS) offers the possibility to analyze dynamic microcirculatory disturbances in real time dynamically without any risk for kidneys and thyroid gland even in severe progressing disease bedside. Based on severe COVID-19 infections, first experiences with abdominal CEUS examinations are presented. In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. It is possible to quickly rule out organ infarction and to dynamically record the mesenteric arterial and venous blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Jung
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Department, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Stroszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Department, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
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