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Motta C, Di Donna MG, Bonomi CG, Assogna M, Chiaravalloti A, Mercuri NB, Koch G, Martorana A. Different associations between amyloid-βeta 42, amyloid-βeta 40, and amyloid-βeta 42/40 with soluble phosphorylated-tau and disease burden in Alzheimer's disease: a cerebrospinal fluid and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:144. [PMID: 37649105 PMCID: PMC10466826 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42 to detect amyloid pathology, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (amyR) better estimates amyloid load, with higher specificity for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether Aβ42 and amyR have different meanings and whether Aβ40 represents more than an Aβ42-corrective factor remain to be clarified. Our study aimed to compare the ability of Aβ42 and amyR to detect AD pathology in terms of p-tau/Aβ42 ratio and brain glucose metabolic patterns using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). METHODS CSF biomarkers were analyzed with EUROIMMUN ELISA. We included 163 patients showing pathological CSF Aβ42 and normal p-tau (A + T - = 98) or pathological p-tau levels (A + T + = 65) and 36 control subjects (A - T -). A + T - patients were further stratified into those with normal (CSFAβ42 + /amyR - = 46) and pathological amyR (CSFAβ42 + /amyR + = 52). We used two distinct cut-offs to determine pathological values of p-tau/Aβ42: (1) ≥ 0.086 and (2) ≥ 0.122. FDG-PET patterns were evaluated in a subsample of patients (n = 46) and compared to 24 controls. RESULTS CSF Aβ40 levels were the lowest in A - T - and in CSFAβ42 + /amyR - , higher in CSFAβ42 + /amyR + and highest in A + T + (F = 50.75; p < 0.001), resembling CSF levels of p-tau (F = 192; p < 0.001). We found a positive association between Aβ40 and p-tau in A - T - (β = 0.58; p < 0.001), CSFAβ42 + /amyR - (β = 0.47; p < 0.001), and CSFAβ42 + /amyR + patients (β = 0.48; p < 0.001) but not in A + T + . Investigating biomarker changes as a function of amyR, we observed a weak variation in CSF p-tau (+ 2 z-scores) and Aβ40 (+ 0.8 z-scores) in the normal amyR range, becoming steeper over the pathological threshold of amyR (p-tau: + 5 z-scores, Aβ40: + 4.5 z-score). CSFAβ42 + /amyR + patients showed a significantly higher probability of having pathological p-tau/Aβ42 than CSFAβ42 + /amyR - (cut-off ≥ 0.086: OR 23.3; cut-off ≥ 0.122: OR 8.8), which however still showed pathological values of p-tau/Aβ42 in some cases (cut-off ≥ 0.086: 35.7%; cut-off ≥ 0.122: 17.3%) unlike A - T - . Accordingly, we found reduced FDG metabolism in the temporoparietal regions of CSFAβ42 + /amyR - compared to controls, and further reduction in frontal areas in CSFAβ42 + /amyR + , like in A + T + . CONCLUSIONS Pathological p-tau/Aβ42 and FDG hypometabolism typical of AD can be found in patients with decreased CSF Aβ42 levels alone. AmyR positivity, associated with higher Aβ40 levels, is accompanied by higher CSF p-tau and widespread FDG hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Motta
- UOSD Centro Demenze, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Martina Assogna
- UOSD Centro Demenze, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Koch
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Human Physiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Gouilly D, Salabert AS, Bertrand E, Goubeaud M, Catala H, Germain J, Ainaoui N, Rafiq M, Benaiteau M, Carlier J, Nogueira L, Planton M, Hitzel A, Méligne D, Sarton B, Silva S, Lemesle B, Payoux P, Thalamas C, Péran P, Pariente J. Clinical heterogeneity of neuro-inflammatory PET profiles in early Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1189278. [PMID: 37588670 PMCID: PMC10425281 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1189278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between neuroinflammation and cognition remains uncertain in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a cross-sectional study to assess how neuroinflammation is related to cognition using TSPO PET imaging and a multi-domain neuropsychological assessment. A standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) analysis was performed to measure [18F]-DPA-714 binding using the cerebellar cortex or the whole brain as a (pseudo)reference region. Among 29 patients with early AD, the pattern of neuroinflammation was heterogeneous and exhibited no correlation with cognition at voxel-wise, regional or whole-brain level. The distribution of the SUVR values was independent of sex, APOE phenotype, early and late onset of symptoms and the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, we were able to demonstrate a complex dissociation as some patients with similar PET pattern had opposed neuropsychological profiles while other patients with opposite PET profiles had similar neuropsychological presentation. Further studies are needed to explore how this heterogeneity impacts disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Bertrand
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Goubeaud
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Catala
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Johanne Germain
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Nadéra Ainaoui
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Jasmine Carlier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonor Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Planton
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Hitzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Déborah Méligne
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamine Sarton
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Lemesle
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
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Papaliagkas V, Kalinderi K, Vareltzis P, Moraitou D, Papamitsou T, Chatzidimitriou M. CSF Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108976. [PMID: 37240322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a rapidly growing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need for its early diagnosis and treatment. A huge amount of research studies are performed on possible accurate and reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Due to its direct contact with extracellular space of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most useful biological fluid reflecting molecular events in the brain. Proteins and molecules that reflect the pathogenesis of the disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, accumulation of Abeta, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and apoptosis may be used as biomarkers. The aim of the current manuscript is to present the most commonly used CSF biomarkers for AD as well as novel biomarkers. Three CSF biomarkers, namely total tau, phospho-tau and Abeta42, are believed to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for early AD diagnosis and the ability to predict AD development in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Moreover, other biomarkers such as soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), apoptotic proteins, secretases and inflammatory and oxidation markers are believed to have increased future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexandrion University Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patroklos Vareltzis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexandrion University Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece
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Xu C, Zhao L, Dong C. A Review of Application of Aβ42/40 Ratio in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:495-512. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s disease (non-AD) has drastically increased over recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis attributes a vital role to amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of AD. As the main pathological hallmark of AD, amyloid plaques consist of merely the 42 and 40 amino acid variants of Aβ (Aβ 42 and Aβ 40). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker Aβ 42/40 has been extensively investigated and eventually integrated into important diagnostic tools to support the clinical diagnosis of AD. With the development of highly sensitive assays and technologies, blood-based Aβ 42/40, which was obtained using a minimally invasive and cost-effective method, has been proven to be abnormal in synchrony with CSF biomarker values. This paper presents the recent progress of the CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio and plasma Aβ 42/40 for AD as well as their potential clinical application as diagnostic markers or screening tools for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Fathian A, Jamali Y, Raoufy MR. The trend of disruption in the functional brain network topology of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14998. [PMID: 36056059 PMCID: PMC9440254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder associated with cognitive dysfunction that alters the brain's functional connectivity. Assessing these alterations has become a topic of increasing interest. However, a few studies have examined different stages of AD from a complex network perspective that cover different topological scales. This study used resting state fMRI data to analyze the trend of functional connectivity alterations from a cognitively normal (CN) state through early and late mild cognitive impairment (EMCI and LMCI) and to Alzheimer's disease. The analyses had been done at the local (hubs and activated links and areas), meso (clustering, assortativity, and rich-club), and global (small-world, small-worldness, and efficiency) topological scales. The results showed that the trends of changes in the topological architecture of the functional brain network were not entirely proportional to the AD progression. There were network characteristics that have changed non-linearly regarding the disease progression, especially at the earliest stage of the disease, i.e., EMCI. Further, it has been indicated that the diseased groups engaged somatomotor, frontoparietal, and default mode modules compared to the CN group. The diseased groups also shifted the functional network towards more random architecture. In the end, the methods introduced in this paper enable us to gain an extensive understanding of the pathological changes of the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fathian
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Jamali
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Lin L, Hua F, Salinas C, Young C, Bussiere T, Apgar JF, Burke JM, Kandadi Muralidharan K, Rajagovindan R, Nestorov I. Quantitative systems pharmacology model for Alzheimer's disease to predict the effect of aducanumab on brain amyloid. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:362-372. [PMID: 35029320 PMCID: PMC8923729 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that impairs memory and cognitive function. Dysregulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway and amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain are hallmarks of AD. Aducanumab is a human, immunoglobulin gamma 1 monoclonal antibody targeting aggregated forms of Aβ. In phase Ib and phase III studies, aducanumab reduced Aβ plaques in a dose dependent manner, as measured by standard uptake value ratio of amyloid positron emission tomography imaging. The goal of this work was to develop a quantitative systems pharmacology model describing the production, aggregation, clearance, and transport of Aβ as well as the mechanism of action for the drug to understand the relationship between aducanumab dosing regimens and changes of different Aβ species, particularly plaques in the brain. The model was used to better understand the pharmacodynamic effects observed in the clinical trials of aducanumab and assist in the clinical development of future Aβ therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- BiogenCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fei Hua
- Applied BioMath, LLCConcordMassachusettsUSA
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7
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He H, Ding S, Jiang C, Wang Y, Luo Q, Wang Y. Information Flow Pattern in Early Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:706631. [PMID: 34858306 PMCID: PMC8631864 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.706631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the brain information flow pattern in patients with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and explore its potential ability of differentiation and prediction for EMCI. Methods: In this study, 49 patients with EMCI and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with available resting-state functional MRI images and neurological measures [including the neuropsychological evaluation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers] were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Functional MRI measures including preferred information flow direction between brain regions and preferred information flow index of each brain region parcellated by the Atlas of Intrinsic Connectivity of Homotopic Areas (AICHA) were calculated by using non-parametric multiplicative regression-Granger causality analysis (NPMR-GCA). Edge- and node-wise Student's t-test was conducted for between-group comparison. Support vector classification was performed to differentiate EMCI from HC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression were used to evaluate the predictive ability of information flow measures for the neurological state. Results: Compared to HC, disturbed preferred information flow directions between brain regions involving default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), somatomotor network (SMN), and visual network (VN) were observed in patients with EMCI. An altered preferred information flow index in several brain regions (including the thalamus, posterior cingulate, and precentral gyrus) was also observed. Classification accuracy of 80% for differentiating patients with EMCI from HC was achieved by using the preferred information flow directions. The preferred information flow directions have a good ability to predict memory and executive function, level of amyloid β, tau protein, and phosphorylated tau protein with the high Pearson's correlation coefficients (r > 0.7) between predictive and actual neurological measures. Conclusion: Patients with EMCI were presented with a disturbed brain information flow pattern, which could help clinicians to identify patients with EMCI and assess their neurological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiaoya Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunling Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Gouilly D, Tisserand C, Nogueira L, Saint-Lary L, Rousseau V, Benaiteau M, Rafiq M, Carlier J, Milongo-Rigal E, Pagès JC, Pariente J. Taking the A Train? Limited Consistency of Aβ42 and the Aβ42/40 Ratio in the AT(N) Classification. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1033-1038. [PMID: 34397413 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consistency of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40 ratio and Aβ 42 has not been assessed in the AT(N) classification system. We analyzed the classification changes of the dichotomized amyloid status (A+/A-) in 363 patients tested for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers after Aβ 42 was superseded by the Aβ 42/40 ratio. The consistency of Aβ 42 and the Aβ 42/40 ratio was very low. Notably, the proportions of "false" A+T-patients were considerable (74-91%) and corresponded mostly to patients not clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Our results suggest that the interchangeability of Aβ 42/40 ratio and Aβ 42 is limited for classifying patients in clinical setting using the AT(N) scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Tisserand
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - Leonor Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytology, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - Laura Saint-Lary
- Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - Vanessa Rousseau
- Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - Marie Rafiq
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - Jasmine Carlier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - Emilie Milongo-Rigal
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | | | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France.,Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
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Carrera-Muñoz I, Triguero-Cueva L, Romero-Fábrega JC, Triviño-Ibáñez EM, Vilchez-Carrillo R, Carnero-Pardo C, Gómez-Río M. PET-Amyloid After Inconclusive Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Clinical Practice. Is it Necessary to Duplicate Procedures? Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:698-708. [PMID: 33167840 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201109092637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the absence of a gold standard for in vivo Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis, AD biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF-B) and PET-Amyloid are considered diagnostically useful in clinical practice guidelines and have consensual appropriate use criteria (AUC). However, little evidence has been published on their utilization in the clinical setting or on approaches to mismatched results. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of AD biomarkers in clinical practice, focusing on the implementation of PET-Amyloid in cases of inconclusive CSF-B. METHODS This naturalistic, ambispective case series included patients fulfilling AUC for CSF-B and PET-Amyloid whose CSF-B results were non-diagnostic (target population), analyzing the diagnostic certainty, the treatment approach, and the relationship between CSF-B and PET-Amyloid results. RESULTS Out of 2373 eligible patients, AD biomarkers were studied in 417 (17.6%), most frequently due to cognitive impairment in under 65-year-olds, using CSF-B in 311 patients and PET-Amyloid in 150. CSF-B results were non-diagnostic for 44 patients (52.3% male; aged 60.9±6.6 years), who then underwent PET-Amyloid study, which was positive in 31. A 'k' coefficient of 0.108 was obtained between CSF-B and PET-amyloid (54.5% concordance). In multivariate regression analysis, Aβ42 was the only significant predictor (p= 0.018) of a positive PET-Amyloid result. In the target population, PETAmyloid increased diagnostic confidence by 53.7% (p <0.001) and modified the therapeutic approach in 36.4% of cases. CONCLUSION These findings support the duplication of AD biomarkers and demonstrate that the implementation of PET-Amyloid provides an early and certain diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Carrera-Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit,
Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Triguero-Cueva
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit,
Granada, Spain
| | - Juan C Romero-Fábrega
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit,
Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M Triviño-Ibáñez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Vilchez-Carrillo
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit,
Granada, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Carnero-Pardo
- Fidyan Neurocenter, Granada, Spain,IBS Granada Bio-Health Research Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Río
- Department of Neurology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit,
Granada, Spain,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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10
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Manca C, Hopes L, Kearney-Schwartz A, Roch V, Karcher G, Baumann C, Marie PY, Malaplate-Armand C, Jonveaux TR, Verger A. Assessment of 18F-Florbetaben Amyloid PET Imaging in Patients with Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Isolated Increase in Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Proteins. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1061-1069. [PMID: 30883358 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess, in routine, the rates with which an amyloid deposition was documented by 18F-florbetaben PET in patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD) but with isolated increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau-protein concentrations, and the subsequent impact of these PET results on medical management. METHODS This prospective study included 34 patients with mild neurocognitive disorders (MND) and suspected AD (73±9 years, 16 women) and with abnormal CSF concentrations in total-tau (T-tau) and/or phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) proteins but normal Aβ42 concentration and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. These patients were referred to 8F-florbetaben PET from which the PET-related changes in the confidence for AD diagnosis (low, intermediate, or high) and treatments were reported. RESULTS The PET examinations were positive for amyloid deposition (brain amyloid plaque load, BAPL score >1) in none of the 9 patients with an increase in only T-tau proteins and in 8 among the 25 (32%) with an increase in P-tau proteins (one BAPL score of 2 and seven BAPL scores of 3). Knowledge of the PET results was associated with subsequent changes in diagnostic confidence in 44% of patients (15/34) and in the intention-to-treat with a cholinesterase inhibitor drug in 18% (6/34). CONCLUSION In patients with suspected AD and isolated increase in CSF tau protein concentrations, an amyloid deposition is documented by 18F-florbetaben PET in as much as one third of cases when the concentration of P-tau is abnormal, and PET results are associated with significant further changes in medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Manca
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Lucie Hopes
- Department of Neurology, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | | | - Véronique Roch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Gilles Karcher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- CHRU-Nancy, Methodological and Biostatistical Support Unit, Platform of Clinical Research Support PARC, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.,INSERM, Lorraine University, DCAC, Nancy, INSERM U1116, France
| | - Catherine Malaplate-Armand
- Department of Biochemistry, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Nancy, France
| | | | - Antoine Verger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU-Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.,IADI, INSERM, Lorraine University, Nancy, INSERM U1254, France
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11
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Lewczuk P, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko P, Kornhuber J. Clinical significance of fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:528-542. [PMID: 32385624 PMCID: PMC7329803 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other types of dementia disorders has drastically increased over the last decades. AD is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 14 million patients in Europe and the United States. The hallmarks of this disease are neurotic plaques consist of the Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (pTau). Currently, four CSF biomarkers: Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), Aβ42/40 ratio, Tau protein, and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau181) have been indicated as core neurochemical AD biomarkers. However, the identification of additional fluid biomarkers, useful in the prognosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of drug response is sorely needed to better understand the complex heterogeneity of AD pathology as well as to improve diagnosis of patients with the disease. Several novel biomarkers have been extensively investigated, and their utility must be proved and eventually integrated into guidelines for use in clinical practice. This paper presents the research and development of CSF and blood biomarkers for AD as well as their potential clinical significance. Upper panel: Aβ peptides are released from transmembrane Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) under physiological conditions (blue arrow). In AD, however, pathologic accumulation of Aβ monomers leads to their accumulation in plaques (red arrow). This is reflected in decreased concentration of Aβ1-42 and decreased Aβ42/40 concentration ratio in the CSF. Lower panel: Phosphorylated Tau molecules maintain axonal structures; hyperphosphorylation of Tau (red arrow) in AD leads to degeneration of axons, and release of pTau molecules, which then accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles. This process is reflected by increased concentrations of Tau and pTau in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Mroczko
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Zhang T, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. Classification of Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Functional Brain Network of Resting-State fMRI. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:572. [PMID: 31555157 PMCID: PMC6727827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the Pearson correlation coefficient to constructing functional brain network has been evidenced to be an effective means to diagnose different stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) disease. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a classification framework to distinguish early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) from late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) by using the effective features derived from functional brain network of three frequency bands (full-band: 0.01-0.08 Hz; slow-4: 0.027-0.08 Hz; slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz) at Rest. Graphic theory was performed to calculate and analyze the relationship between changes in network connectivity. Subsequently, three different algorithms [minimal redundancy maximal relevance (mRMR), sparse linear regression feature selection algorithm based on stationary selection (SS-LR), and Fisher Score (FS)] were applied to select the features of network attributes, respectively. Finally, we used the support vector machine (SVM) with nested cross validation to classify the samples into two categories to obtain unbiased results. Our results showed that the global efficiency, the local efficiency, and the average clustering coefficient were significantly higher in the slow-5 band for the LMCI-EMCI comparison, while the characteristic path length was significantly longer under most threshold values. The classification results showed that the features selected by the mRMR algorithm have higher classification performance than those selected by the SS-LR and FS algorithms. The classification results obtained by using mRMR algorithm in slow-5 band are the best, with 83.87% accuracy (ACC), 86.21% sensitivity (SEN), 81.21% specificity (SPE), and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.905. The present results suggest that the method we proposed could effectively help diagnose MCI disease in clinic and predict its conversion to Alzheimer's disease at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ling Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Ramusino MC, Garibotto V, Bacchin R, Altomare D, Dodich A, Assal F, Mendes A, Costa A, Tinazzi M, Morbelli SD, Bauckneht M, Picco A, Dottorini ME, Tranfaglia C, Farotti L, Salvadori N, Moretti D, Savelli G, Tarallo A, Nobili F, Parapini M, Cavaliere C, Salvatore E, Salvatore M, Boccardi M, Frisoni GB. Incremental value of amyloid-PET versus CSF in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:270-280. [PMID: 31388720 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the incremental diagnostic value of amyloid-PET and CSF (Aβ42, tau, and phospho-tau) in AD diagnosis in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia, in order to improve the definition of diagnostic algorithm. METHODS Two independent dementia experts provided etiological diagnosis and relative diagnostic confidence in 71 patients on 3 rounds, based on (1) clinical, neuropsychological, and structural MRI information alone; (2) adding one biomarker (CSF amyloid and tau levels or amyloid-PET with a balanced randomized design); and (3) adding the other biomarker. RESULTS Among patients with a pre-biomarker diagnosis of AD, negative PET induced significantly more diagnostic changes than amyloid-negative CSF at both rounds 2 (CSF 67%, PET 100%, P = 0.028) and 3 (CSF 0%; PET 78%, P < 0.001); PET induced a diagnostic confidence increase significantly higher than CSF on both rounds 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS Amyloid-PET should be prioritized over CSF biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of patients investigated for suspected AD, as it provides greater changes in diagnosis and diagnostic confidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT no.: 2014-005389-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Mondino Foundation and Dept of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, CH1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruggero Bacchin
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland.,Dept of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Neurology, University of Verona, 34134, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Assal
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Mendes
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Mondino Foundation and Dept of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Dept of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Neurology, University of Verona, 34134, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia D Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agnese Picco
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo E Dottorini
- Nuclear Medicine Division, "S. Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tranfaglia
- Nuclear Medicine Division, "S. Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvadori
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Moretti
- Alzheimer's Disease Operative Unit, IRCCS S, Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giordano Savelli
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Tarallo
- LANE-Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maura Parapini
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Marina Boccardi
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland.,LANE-Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE -Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel-Air 2, Bâtiment Voirons, CH1225, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Hansson O, Lehmann S, Otto M, Zetterberg H, Lewczuk P. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of the CSF Amyloid β (Aβ) 42/40 ratio in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 31010420 PMCID: PMC6477717 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers (biomarkers) Amyloidβ 42 (Aβ42), total Tau (T-tau) and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181) have proven diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In an effort to improve the accuracy of an AD diagnosis, it is important to be able to distinguish between AD and other types of dementia (non-AD). The concentration ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 (Aβ42/40 Ratio) has been suggested to be superior to the concentration of Aβ42 alone when identifying patients with AD. This article reviews the available evidence on the use of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio in the diagnosis of AD. Based on the body of evidence presented herein, it is the conclusion of the current working group that the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio, rather than the absolute value of CSF Aβ42, should be used when analysing CSF AD biomarkers to improve the percentage of appropriately diagnosed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative disorders (COEN) of Montpellier, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. .,Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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15
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Manca C, Rivasseau Jonveaux T, Roch V, Marie PY, Karcher G, Lamiral Z, Malaplate C, Verger A. Amyloid PETs are commonly negative in suspected Alzheimer’s disease with an increase in CSF phosphorylated-tau protein concentration but an Aβ42 concentration in the very high range: a prospective study. J Neurol 2019; 266:1685-1692. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Nguyen TB, Skrobala E, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Pasquier F, Bouaziz-Amar E, Bigot-Corbel E, Schraen S, Dumurgier J, Paquet C, Lebouvier T. Frontotemporal dementia is the leading cause of "true" A-/T+ profiles defined with Aβ 42/40 ratio. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:161-169. [PMID: 30815533 PMCID: PMC6378630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with positive tauopathy but negative Aβ42 (A−T+) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represent a diagnostic challenge. The Aβ42/40 ratio supersedes Aβ42 and reintegrates “false” A−T+ patients into the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. However, the biomarker and clinical characteristics of “true” and “false” A−T+ patients remain elusive. Methods Among the 509 T+N+ patients extracted from the databases of three memory clinics, we analyzed T+N+ patients with normal Aβ42 and compared “false” A−T+ with abnormal Aβ42/40 ratio and “true” A−T+ patients with normal Aβ42/40 ratio, before CSF analysis and at follow-up. Results 24.9% of T+N+ patients had normal Aβ42 levels. Among them, 42.7% were “true” A−T+. “True” A−T+ had lower CSF tauP181 than “false” A−T+ patients. 48.0% of “true” A−T+ patients were diagnosed with frontotemporal lobar degeneration before CSF analysis and 64.0% at follow-up, as compared with 6% in the “false” A−T+ group (P < .0001). Discussion Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is probably the main cause of “true” A−T+ profiles. Dementia with normal cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 yet high cerebrospinal fluid tau181P is a situation referred to as A−T+N+ in the 2018 National Institute of Aging–Alzheimer's Association research framework. The interpretation of A−T+N+ profiles is not consensual and uncomfortable for clinicians. The use of Aβ42/40 ratio as a surrogate amyloid marker halves the number of uninformative A−T+N+ profiles. T+N+ patients with normal Aβ42 yet abnormal Aβ42/40 have an Alzheimer's phenotype. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is probably the leading cause of A−T+N+ profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pouclet-Courtemanche
- CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Florence Pasquier
- University of Lille, Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Bouaziz-Amar
- Département de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire GH Saint-Louis/Lariboisière/Fernand Widal - Site Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1144 Universités Paris Descartes - Paris Diderot Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, Paris, France
| | | | - Susanna Schraen
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU Lille, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisiere - Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, CHU Lille, DISTALZ, Lille, France
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17
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Cilento EM, Jin L, Stewart T, Shi M, Sheng L, Zhang J. Mass spectrometry: A platform for biomarker discovery and validation for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurochem 2019; 151:397-416. [PMID: 30474862 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, reliable, and objective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and related age-associated neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed to assist in both diagnosis, particularly at early stages, and monitoring of disease progression. Technological advancements in protein detection platforms over the last few decades have resulted in a plethora of reported molecular biomarker candidates for both AD and PD; however, very few of these candidates are developed beyond the discovery phase of the biomarker development pipeline, a reflection of the current bottleneck within the field. In this review, the expanded use of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) targeted mass spectrometry will be discussed in detail as a platform for systematic verification of large panels of protein biomarker candidates prior to costly validation testing. We also advocate for the coupling of discovery-based proteomics with modern targeted MS-based approaches (e.g., SRM) within a single study in future workflows to expedite biomarker development and validation for AD and PD. It is our hope that improving the efficiency within the biomarker development process by use of an SRM pipeline may ultimately hasten the development of biomarkers that both decrease misdiagnosis of AD and PD and ultimately lead to detection at early stages of disease and objective assessment of disease progression. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Cilento
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lorrain Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lifu Sheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Third Hospital and Peking Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
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18
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Baiardi S, Abu-Rumeileh S, Rossi M, Zenesini C, Bartoletti-Stella A, Polischi B, Capellari S, Parchi P. Antemortem CSF A β42/A β40 ratio predicts Alzheimer's disease pathology better than A β42 in rapidly progressive dementias. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 6:263-273. [PMID: 30847359 PMCID: PMC6389744 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the critical importance of pathologically confirmed samples for biomarker validation, only a few studies have correlated CSF Aβ42 values in vivo with postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, while none evaluated the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. We compared CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio as biomarkers predicting AD neuropathological changes in patients with a short interval between lumbar puncture and death. Methods We measured CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 and assessed AD pathology in 211 subjects with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and a definite postmortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n = 159), AD (n = 12), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 4), AD/DLB mixed pathologies (n = 5), and various other pathologies (n = 31). Results The score reflecting the severity of Aβ pathology showed a better correlation with ln(Aβ42/Aβ40) (R 2 = 0.506, β = -0.713, P < 0.001) than with ln(Aβ42) (R 2 = 0.206, β = -0.458, P < 0.001), which was confirmed after adjusting for covariates. Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio showed significantly higher accuracy than Aβ42 in the distinction between cases with or without AD pathology (AUC 0.818 ± 0.028 vs. 0.643 ± 0.039), especially in patients with Aβ42 levels ≤495 pg/mL (AUC 0.888 ± 0.032 vs. 0.518 ± 0.064). Using a cut-off value of 0.810, the analysis of Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio yielded 87.0% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity in the distinction between cases with an intermediate-high level of AD pathology and those with low level or no AD pathology. Interpretation The present data support the use of CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio as a biomarker of AD pathophysiology and noninvasive screener for Aβ pathology burden, and its introduction in the research diagnostic criteria for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | | | - Barbara Polischi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna 40123 Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna 40139 Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna Bologna 40138 Italy
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19
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Kang S, Ha S, Park H, Nam E, Suh WH, Suh YH, Chang KA. Effects of a Dehydroevodiamine-Derivative on Synaptic Destabilization and Memory Impairment in the 5xFAD, Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:273. [PMID: 30483077 PMCID: PMC6243640 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxy-dehydroevodiamine·HCl (cx-DHED) is a derivative of DHED, which improves memory impairment. Carboxyl modification increases solubility in water, indicating that its bioavailability is higher than that of DHED. Cx-DHED is expected to have better therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) than DHED. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of cx-DHED and the underlying mechanism in 5xFAD mice, transgenic (Tg) mouse model of AD model mice. In several behavioral tests, such as Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze test, memory deficits improved significantly in cx-DHED-treated transgenic (Tg) mice compared with vehicle-treated Tg mice. We also found that AD-related pathologies, including amyloid plaque deposition and tau phosphorylation, were reduced after the treatment of Tg mice with cx-DHED. We determined the levels of synaptic proteins, such as GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, PSD-95 and Rabphilin3A, and Rab3A in the brains of mice of each group and found that GluN2A and PSD-95 were significantly increased in the brains of cx-DHED-treated Tg mice when compared with the brains of Tg-vehicle mice. These results suggest that cx-DHED has therapeutic effects on 5xFAD, AD model mice through the improvement of synaptic stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sungji Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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20
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Sancesario GM, Bernardini S. Diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia: where do we stand, now? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:340. [PMID: 30306079 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
After many years of large efforts made for understanding the pathogenesis of dementias, the early diagnosis of these degenerative diseases remains an open challenge. Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia, followed by Lewy body disease and frontotemporal degeneration. Actually, different pathological processes can determine similar and overlapping clinical syndrome. To detect in vivo the pathological process underlying progressive cognitive and behavior impairment, the Internationals guidelines recommend the use of biological and topographical markers, which can reflect neuropathological modifications in brain. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), decrease of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) and a low ratio of Aβ42 with amyloid beta 1-40 (Aβ42/Aβ40), together with the increase of both total tau protein (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), contribute to define the "Alzheimer's signature". This review points out on the evolution of the concept for early diagnosis of AD, and on the current use of CSF proteins for research purposes and in clinical setting. Then, we discuss the limitations and drawbacks in wide application of CSF biomarkers for diagnosing degenerative dementias, and on the role of laboratory medicine to convey these biomarkers from "research" toward "clinical practice".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Sancesario
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University General Hospital, Rome, Italy
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21
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Doecke JD, Rembach A, Villemagne VL, Varghese S, Rainey-Smith S, Sarros S, Evered LA, Fowler CJ, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson B, Taddei K, Laws SM, Macaulay SL, Bush AI, Ellis KA, Martins R, Ames D, Silbert B, Vanderstichele H, Masters CL, Darby DG, Li QX, Collins S. Concordance Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Between Three Independent Assay Platforms. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:169-183. [PMID: 29171991 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the accuracy of clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease (AD), pre-mortem biomarkers have become increasingly important for diagnosis and for participant recruitment in disease-specific treatment trials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provide a low-cost alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for in vivo quantification of different AD pathological hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects; however, consensus around the best platform, most informative biomarker and correlations across different methodologies are controversial. OBJECTIVE Assessing levels of Aβ-amyloid and tau species determined using three different versions of immunoassays, the current study explored the ability of CSF biomarkers to predict PET Aβ-amyloid (32 Aβ-amyloid-and 45 Aβ-amyloid+), as well as concordance between CSF biomarker levels and PET Aβ-amyloid imaging. METHODS Prediction and concordance analyses were performed using a sub-cohort of 77 individuals (48 healthy controls, 15 with mild cognitive impairment, and 14 with AD) from the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle study of aging. RESULTS Across all three platforms, the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio biomarker had modestly higher correlation with SUVR/BeCKeT (ρ= 0.69-0.8) as compared with Aβ42 alone (ρ= 0.66-0.75). Differences in CSF biomarker levels between the PET Aβ-amyloid-and Aβ-amyloid+ groups were strongest for the Aβ42/Aβ40 and T-tau/Aβ42 ratios (p < 0.0001); however, comparison of predictive models for PET Aβ-amyloid showed no difference between Aβ42 alone and the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio. CONCLUSION This study confirms strong concordance between CSF biomarkers and PET Aβ-amyloid status is independent of immunoassay platform, supporting their utility as biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnosis of AD and for participant enrichment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon Sarros
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisbeth A Evered
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Trounson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David G Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Lehmann S, Delaby C, Boursier G, Catteau C, Ginestet N, Tiers L, Maceski A, Navucet S, Paquet C, Dumurgier J, Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Gabelle A. Relevance of Aβ42/40 Ratio for Detection of Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Clinical Routine: The PLM R Scale. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:138. [PMID: 29892221 PMCID: PMC5985301 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ peptides and tau proteins) improved the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in research and clinical settings. We previously described the PLM-scale (Paris-Lille-Montpellier study), which combines Aβ42, tau, and phosphorylated ptau(181) biomarkers in an easy to use and clinically relevant way. The purpose of this work is to evaluate an optimized PLMR-scale (PLM ratio scale) that now includes the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio to detect AD versus non-AD (NAD) participants in clinical routine of memory centers. Methods: Both scales were compared using 904 participants with cognitive impairment recruited from two independent cohorts (Mtp-1 and Mtp-2). The CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured systematically in Mtp-1, and only on biologically discordant cases in Mtp-2. Two different ELISA kit providers were also employed. The distribution of AD and NAD patients and the discrepancies of biomarker profiles were computed. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to represent clinical sensitivity and specificity for AD detection. The classification of patients with the net reclassification index (NRI) was also evaluated. Results: Nine hundred and four participants (342 AD and 562 NAD) were studied; 400 in Mtp-1 and 504 in Mtp-2. For AD patients, the mean CSF Aβ42 and CSF Aβ42/40 ratio was 553 ± 216 pg/mL and 0.069 ± 0.022 pg/mL in Mtp-1 and 702 ± 335 pg/mL and 0.045 ± 0.020 pg/mL in Mtp-2. The distribution of AD and NAD differed between the PLM and the PLMR scales (p < 0.0001). The percentage AD well-classified (class 3) increased with PLMR from 38 to 83% in Mpt-1 and from 33 to 53% in Mpt-2. A sharp reduction of the discordant profiles going from 34 to 16.3% and from 37.5 to 19.8%, for Mtp-1 and Mtp-2 respectively, was also observed. The AUC of the PLMR scale was 0.94 in Mtp-1 and 0.87 in Mtp-2. In both cohorts, the PLMR outperformed CSF Aβ42 or Aβ42/40 ratio. The diagnostic performance was improved with the PLMR with an NRI equal to 44.3% in Mtp-1 and 28.8% in Mtp-2. Conclusion: The integration of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the PLMR scale resulted in an easy-to-use tool which reduced the discrepancies in biologically doubtful cases and increased the confidence in the diagnosis in memory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Constance Delaby
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilaine Boursier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cindy Catteau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Ginestet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Tiers
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Maceski
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Navucet
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, INSERM U942, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, INSERM U942, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Audrey Gabelle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Baldeiras I, Santana I, Leitão MJ, Gens H, Pascoal R, Tábuas-Pereira M, Beato-Coelho J, Duro D, Almeida MR, Oliveira CR. Addition of the Aβ42/40 ratio to the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile increases the predictive value for underlying Alzheimer's disease dementia in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:33. [PMID: 29558986 PMCID: PMC5861634 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been used to increase the evidence of underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, CSF biomarker-based classification often results in conflicting profiles with controversial prognostic value. Normalization of the CSF Aβ42 concentration to the level of total amyloid beta (Aβ), using the Aβ42/40 ratio, has been shown to improve the distinction between AD and non-AD dementia. Therefore, we evaluated whether the Aβ42/40 ratio would improve MCI categorization and more accurately predict progression to AD. METHODS Our baseline population consisted of 197 MCI patients, of which 144 had a follow-up ≥ 2 years, and comprised the longitudinal study group. To establish our own CSF Aβ42/40 ratio reference value, a group of 168 AD-dementia patients and 66 neurological controls was also included. CSF biomarker-based classification was operationalized according to the framework of the National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria for MCI. RESULTS When using the core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total Tau and phosphorylated Tau), 30% of the patients fell into the high-AD-likelihood (HL) group (both amyloid and neurodegeneration markers positive), 30% into the low-AD-likelihood group (all biomarkers negative), 28% into the suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology (SNAP) group (only neurodegeneration markers positive) and 12% into the isolated amyloid pathology group (only amyloid-positive). Replacing Aβ42 by the Aβ42/40 ratio resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of patients with amyloidosis (42-59%) and in the proportion of interpretable biological profiles (61-75%), due to a reduction by half in the number of SNAP cases and an increase in the proportion of the HL subgroup. Survival analysis showed that risk of progression to AD was highest in the HL group, and increased when the Aβ42/40 ratio, instead of Aβ42, combined with total Tau and phosphorylated Tau was used for biomarker-based categorization. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the usefulness of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio in the interpretation of CSF biomarker profiles in MCI patients, by increasing the proportion of conclusive profiles and enhancing their predictive value for underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Baldeiras
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Leitão
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Gens
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Pascoal
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Beato-Coelho
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Duro
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Resende Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research & Development Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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De Vos A, Struyfs H, Jacobs D, Fransen E, Klewansky T, De Roeck E, Robberecht C, Van Broeckhoven C, Duyckaerts C, Engelborghs S, Vanmechelen E. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurogranin/BACE1 Ratio is a Potential Correlate of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1523-38. [PMID: 27392859 PMCID: PMC4981899 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: In diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ratios of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, such as CSF Aβ1-42/tau, have an improved diagnostic performance compared to the single analytes, yet, still a limited value to predict cognitive decline. Since synaptic dysfunction/loss is closely linked to cognitive impairment, synaptic proteins are investigated as candidate CSF AD progression markers. Objective: We studied CSF levels of the postsynaptic protein neurogranin and protein BACE1, predominantly localized presynaptically, and their relation to CSF total-tau, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-38. All six analytes were considered as single parameters as well as ratios. Methods: Every ELISA involved was based on monoclonal antibodies, including the BACE1 and neurogranin immunoassay. The latter specifically targets neurogranin C-terminally truncated at P75, a more abundant species of the protein in CSF. We studied patients with MCI due to AD (n = 38) and 50 dementia due to AD patients, as well as age-matched cognitively healthy elderly (n = 20). A significant subset of the patients was followed up by clinical and neuropsychologically (MMSE) examinations for at least one year. Results: The single analytes showed statistically significant differences between the clinical groups, but the ratios of analytes indeed had a higher diagnostic performance. Furthermore, only the ratio of CSF neurogranin trunc P75/BACE1 was significantly correlated with the yearly decline in MMSE scores in patients with MCI and dementia due to AD, pointing toward the prognostic value of the ratio. Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating that the CSF neurogranin trunc P75/BACE1 ratio, reflecting postsynaptic/presynaptic integrity, is related to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann De Vos
- ADx NeuroSciences NV, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 4, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jacobs
- ADx NeuroSciences NV, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 4, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Klewansky
- Department of Neuropathology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Robberecht
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Chiasserini D, Biscetti L, Farotti L, Eusebi P, Salvadori N, Lisetti V, Baschieri F, Chipi E, Frattini G, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, Calabresi P, Parnetti L. Performance Evaluation of an Automated ELISA System for Alzheimer's Disease Detection in Clinical Routine. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:55-67. [PMID: 27447425 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The variability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers undermines their full-fledged introduction into routine diagnostics and clinical trials. Automation may help to increase precision and decrease operator errors, eventually improving the diagnostic performance. Here we evaluated three new CSF immunoassays, EUROIMMUNtrademark amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ1-40), amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), and total tau (t-tau), in combination with automated analysis of the samples. The CSF biomarkers were measured in a cohort consisting of AD patients (n = 28), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 77), and neurological controls (OND, n = 35). MCI patients were evaluated yearly and cognitive functions were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. The patients clinically diagnosed with AD and MCI were classified according to the CSF biomarkers profile following NIA-AA criteria and the Erlangen score. Technical evaluation of the immunoassays was performed together with the calculation of their diagnostic performance. Furthermore, the results for EUROIMMUN Aβ1-42 and t-tau were compared to standard immunoassay methods (INNOTESTtrademark). EUROIMMUN assays for Aβ1-42 and t-tau correlated with INNOTEST (r = 0.83, p < 0.001 for both) and allowed a similar interpretation of the CSF profiles. The Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio measured with EUROIMMUN was the best parameter for AD detection and improved the diagnostic accuracy of Aβ1-42 (area under the curve = 0.93). In MCI patients, the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio was associated with cognitive decline and clinical progression to AD.The diagnostic performance of the EUROIMMUN assays with automation is comparable to other currently used methods. The variability of the method and the value of the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in AD diagnosis need to be validated in large multi-center studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Chiasserini
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvadori
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Viviana Lisetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Baschieri
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Chipi
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Frattini
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,IRRCS Fondazione S.Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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26
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Bulk M, Abdelmoula WM, Nabuurs RJA, van der Graaf LM, Mulders CWH, Mulder AA, Jost CR, Koster AJ, van Buchem MA, Natté R, Dijkstra J, van der Weerd L. Postmortem MRI and histology demonstrate differential iron accumulation and cortical myelin organization in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:231-242. [PMID: 29195086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous MRI studies reported cortical iron accumulation in early-onset (EOAD) compared to late-onset (LOAD) Alzheimer disease patients. However, the pattern and origin of iron accumulation is poorly understood. This study investigated the histopathological correlates of MRI contrast in both EOAD and LOAD. T2*-weighted MRI was performed on postmortem frontal cortex of controls, EOAD, and LOAD. Images were ordinally scored using predefined criteria followed by histology. Nonlinear histology-MRI registration was used to calculate pixel-wise spatial correlations based on the signal intensity. EOAD and LOAD were distinguishable based on 7T MRI from controls and from each other. Histology-MRI correlation analysis of the pixel intensities showed that the MRI contrast is best explained by increased iron accumulation and changes in cortical myelin, whereas amyloid and tau showed less spatial correspondence with T2*-weighted MRI. Neuropathologically, subtypes of Alzheimer's disease showed different patterns of iron accumulation and cortical myelin changes independent of amyloid and tau that may be detected by high-field susceptibility-based MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Percuros BV, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J A Nabuurs
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Coen W H Mulders
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Electron Microscopy Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Natté
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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van Waalwijk van Doorn LJC, Kulic L, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Kuiperij HB, Versleijen AAM, Struyfs H, Twaalfhoven HAM, Fourier A, Engelborghs S, Perret-Liaudet A, Lehmann S, Verbeek MM, Vanmechelen EJM, Teunissen CE. Multicenter Analytical Validation of Aβ40 Immunoassays. Front Neurol 2017; 8:310. [PMID: 28725210 PMCID: PMC5497061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before implementation in clinical practice, biomarker assays need to be thoroughly analytically validated. There is currently a strong interest in implementation of the ratio of amyloid-β peptide 1-42 and 1-40 (Aβ42/Aβ40) in clinical routine. Therefore, in this study, we compared the analytical performance of six assays detecting Aβ40 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in six laboratories according to a recently standard operating procedure (SOP) developed for implementation of ELISA assays for clinical routine. METHODS Aβ40 assays of six vendors were validated in up to three centers per assay according to recently proposed international consensus validation protocols. The performance parameters included sensitivity, precision, dilutional linearity, recovery, and parallelism. Inter-laboratory variation was determined using a set of 20 CSF samples. In addition, test results were used to critically evaluate the SOPs that were used to validate the assays. RESULTS Most performance parameters of the different Aβ40 assays were similar between labs and within the predefined acceptance criteria. The only exceptions were the out-of-range results of recovery for the majority of experiments and of parallelism by three laboratories. Additionally, experiments to define the dilutional linearity and hook-effect were not executed correctly in part of the centers. The inter-laboratory variation showed acceptable low levels for all assays. Absolute concentrations measured by the assays varied by a factor up to 4.7 for the extremes. CONCLUSION All validated Aβ40 assays appeared to be of good technical quality and performed generally well according to predefined criteria. A novel version of the validation SOP is developed based on these findings, to further facilitate implementation of novel immunoassays in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J C van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luka Kulic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marleen J A Koel-Simmelink
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra A M Versleijen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Harry A M Twaalfhoven
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Memory Resources and Research (CMRR), Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE), Hôpitaux de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Memory Clinic and Department of Neurology, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Memory Resources and Research (CMRR), Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE), Hôpitaux de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- CHU de Montpellier and Université de Montpellier, IRMB, Laboratoire de Biochimie Protéomique Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Neurocampus, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Magnin E, Dumurgier J, Bouaziz-Amar E, Bombois S, Wallon D, Gabelle A, Lehmann S, Blanc F, Bousiges O, Hannequin D, Jung B, Miguet-Alfonsi C, Quillard M, Pasquier F, Peoc’h K, Laplanche JL, Hugon J, Paquet C. Les biomarqueurs du liquide cérébro-spinal dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : un outil de recherche utile dans la pratique clinique courante des consultations mémoire pour les cas complexes. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:250-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.10.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Gervaise-Henry C, Watfa G, Albuisson E, Kolodziej A, Dousset B, Olivier JL, Jonveaux TR, Malaplate-Armand C. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42/Aβ40 as a Means to Limiting Tube- and Storage-Dependent Pre-Analytical Variability in Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:437-445. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gervaise-Henry
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie-Endocrinologie-Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France
| | - Gasshan Watfa
- CMRR de Lorraine Hôpital de Brabois CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Eliane Albuisson
- Unité ESPRI-BioBase, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Allan Kolodziej
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie-Endocrinologie-Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France
| | - Brigitte Dousset
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie-Endocrinologie-Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Olivier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie-Endocrinologie-Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France
- UR AFPA–USC 340, Equipe BFLA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Catherine Malaplate-Armand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UF Oncologie-Endocrinologie-Neurobiologie, Hôpital Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France
- UR AFPA–USC 340, Equipe BFLA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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30
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Willemse E, van Uffelen K, Brix B, Engelborghs S, Vanderstichele H, Teunissen C. How to handle adsorption of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β (1-42) in laboratory practice? Identifying problematic handlings and resolving the issue by use of the Aβ42
/Aβ40
ratio. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:885-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Willemse
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Uffelen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Britta Brix
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG; Lübeck Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM); University of Antwerp; Antwerpen Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic; Hospital Network Antwerp; Antwerpen Belgium
| | | | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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31
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Eitan E, Hutchison ER, Marosi K, Comotto J, Mustapic M, Nigam SM, Suire C, Maharana C, Jicha GA, Liu D, Machairaki V, Witwer KW, Kapogiannis D, Mattson MP. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Aβ Mediates Trans-Neuronal Bioenergetic and Ca 2+-Handling Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Models. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16019. [PMID: 27928512 PMCID: PMC5137253 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder in which aggregation-prone neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) accumulates in the brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small 50-150 nanometer membrane vesicles that have recently been implicated in the prion-like spread of self-aggregating proteins. Here we report that EVs isolated from AD patient CSF and plasma, from the plasma of two AD mouse models, and from the medium of neural cells expressing familial AD presenilin 1 mutations, destabilize neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, impair mitochondrial function, and sensitize neurons to excitotoxicity. EVs contain a relatively low amount of Aβ but have an increased Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio; the majority of Aβ is located on the surface of the EVs. Impairment of lysosome function results in increased generation EVs with elevated Aβ42 levels. EVs may mediate transcellular spread of pathogenic Aβ species and that impair neuronal Ca2+ handling and mitochondrial function, and may thereby render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krisztina Marosi
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Comotto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saket M Nigam
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin Suire
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chinmoyee Maharana
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, and Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vasiliki Machairaki
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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32
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Somers C, Struyfs H, Goossens J, Niemantsverdriet E, Luyckx J, De Roeck N, De Roeck E, De Vil B, Cras P, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. A Decade of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease in Belgium. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:383-95. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joery Goossens
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jill Luyckx
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naomi De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart De Vil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Peter-Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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Cretin B, Sellal F, Philippi N, Bousiges O, Di Bitonto L, Martin-Hunyadi C, Blanc F. Epileptic Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease, a Retrospective Study of 13 New Cases: Expanding the Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease to an Epileptic Variant? J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:1125-33. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cretin
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Compétences des démences rares des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - François Sellal
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- Service de Neurologie, Hospices Civils de Colmar, France
- Unité INSERM U-1118, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Compétences des démences rares des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Bousiges
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- Unité de biochimie spécialisée, Laboratoire de biologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Di Bitonto
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Compétences des démences rares des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Frederic Blanc
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), France
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS/Neurocrypto Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Compétences des démences rares des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
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34
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Audrain M, Fol R, Dutar P, Potier B, Billard JM, Flament J, Alves S, Burlot MA, Dufayet-Chaffaud G, Bemelmans AP, Valette J, Hantraye P, Déglon N, Cartier N, Braudeau J. Alzheimer's disease-like APP processing in wild-type mice identifies synaptic defects as initial steps of disease progression. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:5. [PMID: 26759118 PMCID: PMC4709894 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia in the elderly and no effective treatment is currently available. The mechanisms triggering AD onset and progression are still imperfectly dissected. We aimed at deciphering the modifications occurring in vivo during the very early stages of AD, before the development of amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal death and inflammation. Most current AD models based on Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) overproduction beginning from in utero, to rapidly reproduce the histological and behavioral features of the disease within a few months, are not appropriate to study the early steps of AD development. As a means to mimic in vivo amyloid APP processing closer to the human situation in AD, we used an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based transfer of human mutant APP and Presenilin 1 (PS1) genes to the hippocampi of two-month-old C57Bl/6 J mice to express human APP, without significant overexpression and to specifically induce its amyloid processing. Results The human APP, βCTF and Aβ42/40 ratio were similar to those in hippocampal tissues from AD patients. Three months after injection the murine Tau protein was hyperphosphorylated and rapid synaptic failure occurred characterized by decreased levels of both PSD-95 and metabolites related to neuromodulation, on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Astrocytic GLT-1 transporter levels were lower and the tonic glutamatergic current was stronger on electrophysiological recordings of CA1 hippocampal region, revealing the overstimulation of extrasynaptic N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) which precedes the loss of long-term potentiation (LTP). These modifications were associated with early behavioral impairments in the Open-field, Y-maze and Morris Mater Maze tasks. Conclusions Altogether, this demonstrates that an AD-like APP processing, yielding to levels of APP, βCTF and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio similar to those observed in AD patients, are sufficient to rapidly trigger early steps of the amyloidogenic and Tau pathways in vivo. With this strategy, we identified a sequence of early events likely to account for disease onset and described a model that may facilitate efforts to decipher the factors triggering AD and to evaluate early neuroprotective strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0070-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Audrain
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Romain Fol
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Patrick Dutar
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Potier
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- INSERM UMR894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Flament
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France.,INSERM UMS27, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France
| | - Sandro Alves
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Marie-Anne Burlot
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Gaelle Dufayet-Chaffaud
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France.,CNRS UMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France
| | - Julien Valette
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France.,CNRS UMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France.,INSERM UMS27, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,CNRS UMR9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Research Center, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Cartier
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France. .,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France.
| | - Jérome Braudeau
- INSERM UMR1169, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 94100, France.,CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
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Llorens F, Schmitz M, Karch A, Cramm M, Lange P, Gherib K, Varges D, Schmidt C, Zerr I, Stoeck K. Comparative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 12:577-89. [PMID: 26718584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lange
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerim Gherib
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Varges
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Stoeck
- Clinical Dementia Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Dorey A, Perret-Liaudet A, Tholance Y, Fourier A, Quadrio I. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ40 Improves the Interpretation of Aβ42 Concentration for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2015; 6:247. [PMID: 26640457 PMCID: PMC4661235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of decreased amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and increased total tau proteins (T-Tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has recently been considered as a biological diagnostic criterion of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies showed significant heterogeneity in CSF Aβ42 levels to discriminate AD from non-AD patients. It was also suggested that the CSF amyloid peptide β42/β40 ratio has better diagnostic performance than Aβ42 alone. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential added value of determining CSF amyloid β40 peptide (Aβ40) for biological diagnosis of AD when CSF Aβ42 levels failed. CSF AD biomarkers were run in 2,171 samples from 1,499 AD and 672 non-AD patients. The following pathologic thresholds were used to define an AD-positive CSF biomarker profile: T-Tau ≥ 400 ng/L, P-Tau181 ≥ 60 ng/L, and Aβ42 ≤ 700 ng/L. CSF Aβ40 was assayed in AD patients with CSF Aβ42 levels above 700 ng/L and non-AD patients with CSF Aβ42 levels below 700 ng/L. CSF Aβ40 levels were higher in AD than non-AD patients. The receiver operator characteristic curves of CSF Aβ40 and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio defined AD cut-off values at 12,644 ng/L and 0.06, respectively. In AD patients with non-pathological CSF Aβ42, CSF Aβ40 concentration was able to correct 76.2% of cases when expressed as CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and 94.7% of cases when used alone. Using CSF Aβ42 and then CSF Aβ40, the percentage of misinterpreted AD patients fell to 1.0%. CSF Aβ40 concentration improved interpretation of Aβ42 level for the diagnosis of AD. CSF Aβ40 alone showed better diagnostic performance than the amyloid peptide Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The added value of determining CSF Aβ40 in AD diagnosis now needs confirming in a cohort of definite AD patients and to be completed with novel amyloid cascade biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dorey
- Center for Memory Resources and Research, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Charpennes Hospital, Lyon 1 University , Villeurbanne , France ; Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Center for Memory Resources and Research, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Charpennes Hospital, Lyon 1 University , Villeurbanne , France ; Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
| | - Yannick Tholance
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; WAKE Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Lyon , France
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
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Foley AM, Ammar ZM, Lee RH, Mitchell CS. Systematic review of the relationship between amyloid-β levels and measures of transgenic mouse cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:787-95. [PMID: 25362040 PMCID: PMC4346318 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is believed to directly affect memory and learning in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is widely suggested that there is a relationship between Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels and cognitive performance. In order to explore the validity of this relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 40 peer-reviewed, published AD transgenic mouse studies that quantitatively measured Aβ levels in brain tissue after assessing cognitive performance. We examined the relationship between Aβ levels (Aβ40, Aβ42, or the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40) and cognitive function as measured by escape latency times in the Morris water maze or exploratory preference percentage in the novel object recognition test. Our systematic review examined five mouse models (Tg2576, APP, PS1, 3xTg, APP(OSK)-Tg), gender, and age. The overall result revealed no statistically significant correlation between quantified Aβ levels and experimental measures of cognitive function. However, enough of the trends were of the same sign to suggest that there probably is a very weak qualitative trend visible only across many orders of magnitude. In summary, the results of the systematic review revealed that mice bred to show elevated levels of Aβ do not perform significantly worse in cognitive tests than mice that do not have elevated Aβ levels. Our results suggest two lines of inquiry: 1) Aβ is a biochemical “side effect” of the AD pathology; or 2) learning and memory deficits in AD are tied to the presence of qualitatively “high” levels of Aβ but are not quantitatively sensitive to the levels themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery M Foley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zeena M Ammar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cassie S Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Slemmon JR, Shapiro A, Mercken M, Streffer J, Romano G, Andreasen N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Impact of cerebrospinal fluid matrix on the detection of Alzheimer's disease with Aβ42 and influence of disease on the total-Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1049-58. [PMID: 26332787 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 42-amino acid fragment of amyloid β (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid has continued to be important for detecting cerebral β-amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are impediments to our ability to fully understand this measurement, including matrix interference and changes linked to apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype. This study investigated matrix interference as a contributing factor for detecting AD in APOE ε4-negative patients by comparing total extractable Aβ1-42 to free Aβ1-42. It also examined the ratio of total Aβ1-42 to Aβ1-40, since changes relative to other Aβ peptides may provide a measurement of cerebral β-amyloidosis that is neutral to changes in APP metabolism. Total Aβ1-42 lost the diagnostic power for detecting AD, confirming a role for matrix in the diagnostic. However, when total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was examined, the separation between groups was reestablished. This result was confirmed in a second sample set of unknown APOE status. These results confirmed that matrix interference in some cerebrospinal fluid samples appears to contribute to identifying AD patients and this can be compensated by using a total extracted Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio when matrix interference is small. It may be preferable to employ a total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 measurement, since this could minimize variability because of matrix and compensate for across patient differences. Aβ1-42 measurement in CSF has provided an important tool for early detection of AD. However, it appears that most assays measure a free fraction of Aβ1-42. This study examined total extracted Aβ1-42, since this would provide a more accurate assessment of Aβ1-42 in AD CSF. Total Aβ1-42 measurements alone were not good for detecting AD but total Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 performed well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Randall Slemmon
- Neurosciences Biomarkers, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alice Shapiro
- Neurosciences Biomarkers, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marc Mercken
- Neurosciences Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Experimental Medicine, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gary Romano
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Niels Andreasen
- Memory clinic, M51, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
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Galozzi S, Marcus K, Barkovits K. Amyloid-β as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: quantification methods in body fluids. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:343-54. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1065183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Fourier A, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Quadrio I, Perret-Liaudet A. Pre-analytical and analytical factors influencing Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker variability. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 449:9-15. [PMID: 26141614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers including total Tau (t-Tau), phosphorylated Tau protein at residue 181 (p-Tau) and β-amyloid peptides (Aβ42 and Aβ40), is frequently used as an aid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis for young patients with cognitive impairment, for predicting prodromal AD in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, for AD discrimination in atypical clinical phenotypes and for inclusion/exclusion and stratification of patients in clinical trials. Due to variability in absolute levels between laboratories, there is no consensus on medical cut-off value for the CSF AD signature. Thus, for full implementation of this core AD biomarker panel in clinical routine, this issue has to be solved. Variability can be explained both by pre-analytical and analytical factors. For example, the plastic tubes used for CSF collection and storage, the lack of reference material and the variability of the analytical protocols were identified as important sources of variability. The aim of this review is to highlight these pre-analytical and analytical factors and describe efforts done to counteract them in order to establish cut-off values for core CSF AD biomarkers. This review will give the current state of recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fourier
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Hôpitaux de Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, BioRan, Lyon, France
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Hôpitaux de Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, BioRan, Lyon, France
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Hôpitaux de Lyon, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, BioRan, Lyon, France; Société Française de Biologie Clinique (SFBC), Alzheimer Biomarkers group co-coordination, France.
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41
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Dumurgier J, Schraen S, Gabelle A, Vercruysse O, Bombois S, Laplanche JL, Peoc'h K, Sablonnière B, Kastanenka KV, Delaby C, Pasquier F, Touchon J, Hugon J, Paquet C, Lehmann S. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β 42/40 ratio in clinical setting of memory centers: a multicentric study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 7:30. [PMID: 26034513 PMCID: PMC4450486 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-β (Aβ), tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) are now used for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ40 is the most abundant Aβ peptide isoform in the CSF, and the Aβ 42/40 ratio has been proposed to better reflect brain amyloid production. However, its additional value in the clinical setting remains uncertain. Methods A total of 367 subjects with cognitive disorders who underwent a lumbar puncture were prospectively included at three French memory centers (Paris-North, Lille and Montpellier; the PLM Study). The frequency of positive, negative and indeterminate CSF profiles were assessed by various methods, and their adequacies with the diagnosis of clinicians were tested using net reclassification improvement (NRI) analyses. Results On the basis of local optimum cutoffs for Aβ42 and p-tau181, 22% of the explored patients had indeterminate CSF profiles. The systematic use of Aβ 42/40 ratio instead of Aβ42 levels alone decreased the number of indeterminate profiles (17%; P = 0.03), but it failed to improve the classification of subjects (NRI = −2.1%; P = 0.64). In contrast, the use of Aβ 42/40 ratio instead of Aβ42 levels alone in patients with a discrepancy between p-tau181 and Aβ42 led to a reduction by half of the number of indeterminate profiles (10%; P < 0.001) and was further in agreement with clinician diagnosis (NRI = 10.5%; P = 0.003). Conclusions In patients with a discrepancy between CSF p-tau181 and CSF Aβ42, the assessment of Aβ 42/40 ratio led to a reliable biological conclusion in over 50% of cases that agreed with a clinician’s diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0114-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dumurgier
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CM2R), Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal Hospital, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris, France ; INSERM U942, Biomarkers in CardioNeuroVascular diseases (Bio-CANVAS), University of Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Susanna Schraen
- Inserm, UMR 1172, JPArc, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59045 Lille, France ; Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France ; Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique - IRB - CCBHM, INSERM U1040, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Vercruysse
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche, EA 1046, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Bombois
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche, EA 1046, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Katell Peoc'h
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- Inserm, UMR 1172, JPArc, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59045 Lille, France ; Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Ksenia V Kastanenka
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Constance Delaby
- Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique - IRB - CCBHM, INSERM U1040, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche, EA 1046, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Touchon
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CM2R), Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal Hospital, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris, France ; INSERM U942, Biomarkers in CardioNeuroVascular diseases (Bio-CANVAS), University of Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherche (CM2R), Paris Nord Ile-de-France, Saint Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal Hospital, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris, France ; INSERM U942, Biomarkers in CardioNeuroVascular diseases (Bio-CANVAS), University of Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique - IRB - CCBHM, INSERM U1040, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Höglund K, Fourier A, Perret-Liaudet A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Portelius E. Alzheimer's disease--Recent biomarker developments in relation to updated diagnostic criteria. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 449:3-8. [PMID: 25668231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by neuroaxonal and synaptic degeneration accompanied by intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and accumulation of extracellular plaques in specific brain regions. These features are reflected in the AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by increased concentrations of total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), together with decreased concentrations of β-amyloid (Aβ42), respectively. In combination, Aβ42, p-tau and t-tau are 85-95% sensitive and specific for AD in both prodromal and dementia stages of the disease and they are now included in the diagnostic research criteria for AD. However, to fully implement these biomarkers into clinical practice, harmonization of data is needed. This work is ongoing through the standardization of analytical procedures between clinical laboratories and the production of reference materials for CSF Aβ42, p-tau and t-tau. To monitor other aspects of AD neuropathology, e.g., synaptic dysfunction and/or to develop markers of progression, identifying novel candidate biomarkers is of great importance. Based on knowledge from the established biomarkers, exemplified by Aβ and its many variants, and emerging data on neurogranin fragments as biomarker candidate(s), a thorough protein characterization in order to fully understand the diagnostic value of a protein is a suggested approach for successful biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Neurobiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; BIORAN team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Neurobiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; BIORAN team INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Roy M, Cardoso C, Dorieux O, Malgorn C, Epelbaum S, Petit F, Kraska A, Brouillet E, Delatour B, Perret M, Aujard F, Dhenain M. Age-associated evolution of plasmatic amyloid in mouse lemur primates: relationship with intracellular amyloid deposition. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:149-56. [PMID: 25131002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition in the brain is one of its hallmarks, and the measure of plasma Aβ is considered to be a biomarker for anti-amyloid drug efficacy in animal models of AD. However, age-associated plasmatic Aβ modulation in animal models is practically never addressed in the literature. Mouse lemur primates are used as a model of normal and AD-like cerebral aging. Here, we studied the effect of age on plasmatic Aβ in 58 mouse lemurs aged from 1 to 10 years. A subset of animals presented high plasmatic Aβ, and the proportion of animals with high plasmatic Aβ was higher in aged animals as compared with young ones. Histologic evaluation of the brain of some of these animals was carried out to assess extracellular and intracellular amyloid load. In aged lemurs, plasmatic Aβ was negatively correlated with the density of neurons accumulating deposits of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Roy
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Cardoso
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Olène Dorieux
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS UMR 7179, MNHN, Brunoy, France
| | - Carole Malgorn
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Audrey Kraska
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marc Dhenain
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, MIRCen, URA CEA CNRS 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France; CNRS, URA 2210, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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