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van den Berg E, Kersten I, Brinkmalm G, Johansson K, de Kort AM, Klijn CJM, Schreuder FHBM, Gobom J, Stoops E, Portelius E, Gkanatsiou E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kuiperij HB, Verbeek MM. Profiling amyloid-β peptides as biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38362804 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits are key pathological hallmarks of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microvascular deposits in CAA mainly consist of the Aβ40 peptide, whereas Aβ42 is the predominant variant in parenchymal plaques in AD. The relevance in pathogenesis and diagnostic accuracy of various other Aβ isoforms in CAA remain understudied. We aimed to investigate the biomarker potential of various Aβ isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to differentiate CAA from AD pathology. We included 25 patients with probable CAA, 50 subjects with a CSF profile indicative of AD pathology (AD-like), and 23 age- and sex-matched controls. CSF levels of Aβ1-34 , Aβ1-37 , Aβ1-38 , Aβ1-39 , Aβ1-40 , and Aβ1-42 were quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Lower CSF levels of all six Aβ peptides were observed in CAA patients compared with controls (p = 0.0005-0.03). Except for Aβ1-42 (p = 1.0), all peptides were decreased in CAA compared with AD-like subjects (p = 0.007-0.03). Besides Aβ1-42 , none of the Aβ peptides were decreased in AD-like subjects compared with controls. All Aβ peptides combined differentiated CAA from AD-like subjects better (area under the curve [AUC] 0.84) than individual peptide levels (AUC 0.51-0.75). Without Aβ1-42 in the model (since decreased Aβ1-42 served as AD-like selection criterion), the AUC was 0.78 for distinguishing CAA from AD-like subjects. CAA patients and AD-like subjects showed distinct disease-specific CSF Aβ profiles. Peptides shorter than Aβ1-42 were decreased in CAA patients, but not AD-like subjects, which could suggest different pathological mechanisms between vascular and parenchymal Aβ accumulation. This study supports the potential use of this panel of CSF Aβ peptides to indicate presence of CAA pathology with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kjell Johansson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna M de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nilsson J, Cousins KAQ, Gobom J, Portelius E, Chen-Plotkin A, Shaw LM, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, Trojanowski JQ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1775-1784. [PMID: 36239248 PMCID: PMC10102247 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic degeneration is a key part of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and biomarkers reflecting the pathological alterations are greatly needed. METHOD Seventeen synaptic proteins were quantified in a pathology-confirmed cerebrospinal fluid cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 63), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; n = 53), and Lewy body spectrum of disorders (LBD; n = 21), as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 48). RESULTS Comparisons revealed four distinct patterns: markers decreased across all neurodegenerative conditions compared to HC (the neuronal pentraxins), markers increased across all neurodegenerative conditions (14-3-3 zeta/delta), markers selectively increased in AD compared to other neurodegenerative conditions (neurogranin and beta-synuclein), and markers selectively decreased in LBD and FTLD compared to HC and AD (AP2B1 and syntaxin-1B). DISCUSSION Several of the synaptic proteins may serve as biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction in AD, LBD, and FTLD. Additionally, differential patterns of synaptic protein alterations seem to be present across neurodegenerative diseases. HIGHLIGHTS A panel of synaptic proteins were quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid using mass spectrometry. We compared Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, and Lewy body spectrum of disorders. Pathology was confirmed by autopsy or familial mutations. We discovered synaptic biomarkers for synaptic degeneration and cognitive decline. We found differential patterns of synaptic proteins across neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Katheryn AQ Cousins
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David J. Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180 Mölndal, Sweden
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van den Berg E, Nilsson J, Kersten I, Brinkmalm G, de Kort AM, Klijn CJ, Schreuder FH, Jäkel L, Gobom J, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K, Kuiperij HB, Verbeek MM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Panel of Synaptic Proteins in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:467-475. [PMID: 36776062 PMCID: PMC10041443 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) share pathogenic pathways related to amyloid-β deposition. Whereas AD is known to affect synaptic function, such an association for CAA remains yet unknown. OBJECTIVE We therefore aimed to investigate synaptic dysfunction in CAA. METHODS Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 15 synaptic proteins in CAA and AD patients, and age- and sex-matched cognitively unimpaired controls. RESULTS We included 25 patients with CAA, 49 patients with AD, and 25 controls. Only neuronal pentraxin-2 levels were decreased in the CSF of CAA patients compared with controls (p = 0.04). CSF concentrations of 12 other synaptic proteins were all increased in AD compared with CAA or controls (all p≤0.01) and were unchanged between CAA and controls. Synaptic protein concentrations in the subgroup of CAA patients positive for AD biomarkers (CAA/ATN+; n = 6) were similar to AD patients, while levels in CAA/ATN- (n = 19) were comparable with those in controls. A regression model including all synaptic proteins differentiated CAA from AD at high accuracy levels (area under the curve 0.987). CONCLUSION In contrast to AD, synaptic CSF biomarkers were found to be largely unchanged in CAA. Moreover, concomitant AD pathology in CAA is associated with abnormal synaptic protein levels. Impaired synaptic function in AD was confirmed in this independent cohort. Our findings support an apparent differential involvement of synaptic dysfunction in CAA and AD and may reflect distinct pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Iris Kersten
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna M. de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J.M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H.B.M. Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Jäkel
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, TheNetherlands
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Hanbouch L, Schaack B, Kasri A, Fontaine G, Gkanatsiou E, Brinkmalm G, Camporesi E, Portelius E, Blennow K, Mourier G, Gilles N, Millan MJ, Marquer C, Zetterberg H, Boussicault L, Potier MC. Specific Mutations in the Cholesterol-Binding Site of APP Alter Its Processing and Favor the Production of Shorter, Less Toxic Aβ Peptides. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7056-7073. [PMID: 36076005 PMCID: PMC9525381 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Excess brain cholesterol is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we evaluated how the presence of a cholesterol-binding site (CBS) in the transmembrane and juxtamembrane regions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulates its processing. We generated nine point mutations in the APP gene, changing the charge and/or hydrophobicity of the amino-acids which were previously shown as part of the CBS. Most mutations triggered a reduction of amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion from transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Only the mutations at position 28 of Aβ in the APP sequence resulted in a concomitant significant increase in the production of shorter Aβ peptides. Mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed the predominance of Aβx-33 and Aβx-34 with the APPK28A mutant. The enzymatic activity of α-, β-, and γ-secretases remained unchanged in cells expressing all mutants. Similarly, subcellular localization of the mutants in early endosomes did not differ from the APPWT protein. A transient increase of plasma membrane cholesterol enhanced the production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 by APPWT, an effect absent in APPK28A mutant. Finally, WT but not CBS mutant Aβ derived peptides bound to cholesterol-rich exosomes. Collectively, the present data revealed a major role of juxtamembrane amino acids of the APP CBS in modulating the production of toxic Aβ species. More generally, they underpin the role of cholesterol in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hanbouch
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Schaack
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INP, TheRex Team, TIMC-IMAG, 38700, La Tronche, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Amal Kasri
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gilles Mourier
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Département Médicaments Et Technologies Pour La Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Gilles
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Département Médicaments Et Technologies Pour La Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mark J Millan
- Neuroscience Inflammation Thérapeutic Area, IDR Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lydie Boussicault
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS UMR7225-INSERM U1127-Sorbonne University Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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Mumford P, Tosh J, Anderle S, Gkanatsiou Wikberg E, Lau G, Noy S, Cleverley K, Saito T, Saido TC, Yu E, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Tybulewicz V, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. Genetic Mapping of APP and Amyloid-β Biology Modulation by Trisomy 21. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6453-6468. [PMID: 35835549 PMCID: PMC9398545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0521-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who have Down syndrome (DS) frequently develop early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition caused by the buildup of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. Aβ is produced by amyloid precursor protein (APP), a gene located on chromosome 21. People who have DS have three copies of chromosome 21 and thus also an additional copy of APP; this genetic change drives the early development of AD in these individuals. Here we use a combination of next-generation mouse models of DS (Tc1, Dp3Tyb, Dp(10)2Yey and Dp(17)3Yey) and a knockin mouse model of Aβ accumulation (AppNL-F ) to determine how chromosome 21 genes, other than APP, modulate APP/Aβ in the brain when in three copies. Using both male and female mice, we demonstrate that three copies of other chromosome 21 genes are sufficient to partially ameliorate Aβ accumulation in the brain. We go on to identify a subregion of chromosome 21 that contains the gene(s) causing this decrease in Aβ accumulation and investigate the role of two lead candidate genes, Dyrk1a and Bace2 Thus, an additional copy of chromosome 21 genes, other than APP, can modulate APP/Aβ in the brain under physiological conditions. This work provides critical mechanistic insight into the development of disease and an explanation for the typically later age of onset of dementia in people who have AD in DS, compared with those who have familial AD caused by triplication of APP SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Trisomy of chromosome 21 is a commonly occurring genetic risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been previously attributed to people with Down syndrome having three copies of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, which is encoded on chromosome 21. However, we have shown that an extra copy of other chromosome 21 genes modifies AD-like phenotypes independently of APP copy number (Wiseman et al., 2018; Tosh et al., 2021). Here, we use a mapping approach to narrow down the genetic cause of the modulation of pathology, demonstrating that gene(s) on chromosome 21 decrease Aβ accumulation in the brain, independently of alterations to full-length APP or C-terminal fragment abundance and that just 38 genes are sufficient to cause this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Mumford
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anderle
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou Wikberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Gloria Lau
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama Japan, 351-0198
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama Japan, 351-0198
| | - Eugene Yu
- Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Buffalo, New York NY 14263
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-43180, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-43180, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- LonDownS: London Down Syndrome Consortium
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6
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Nilsson J, Ashton NJ, Benedet AL, Montoliu-Gaya L, Gobom J, Pascoal TA, Chamoun M, Portelius E, Jeromin A, Mendes M, Zetterberg H, Rosa-Neto P, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K. Quantification of SNAP-25 with mass spectrometry and Simoa: a method comparison in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:78. [PMID: 35659284 PMCID: PMC9166380 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration are central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been found to correlate strongly with cognitive decline. Thus, studying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflecting synaptic degeneration, such as the presynaptic protein synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), is of importance to better understand the AD pathophysiology. METHODS We compared a newly developed Single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay for SNAP-25 with an in-house immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) method in a well-characterized clinical cohort (n = 70) consisting of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals with and without Aβ pathology (Aβ+ and Aβ-). RESULTS A strong correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) > 0.88; p < 0.0001) was found between the Simoa and IP-MS methods, and no statistically significant difference was found for their clinical performance to identify AD pathophysiology in the form of Aβ pathology. Increased CSF SNAP-25 levels in CI Aβ+ compared with CU Aβ- (Simoa, p ≤ 0.01; IP-MS, p ≤ 0.05) and CI Aβ- (Simoa, p ≤ 0.01; IP-MS, p ≤ 0.05) were observed. In independent blood samples (n = 32), the Simoa SNAP-25 assay was found to lack analytical sensitivity for quantification of SNAP-25 in plasma. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the Simoa SNAP-25 method can be used interchangeably with the IP-MS method for the quantification of SNAP-25 in CSF. Additionally, these results confirm that CSF SNAP-25 is increased in relation to amyloid pathology in the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Andrea L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43180 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43180, Mölndal, Sweden
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7
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Weber TA, Lundkvist J, Wanngren J, Kvartsberg H, Jin S, Larssen P, Wu D, Oliveira DV, Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Nordvall G, Winblad B, Portelius E, Karlström H. γ-Secretase modulators show selectivity for γ-secretase-mediated amyloid precursor protein intramembrane processing. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:880-892. [PMID: 34931449 PMCID: PMC8817114 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide 42 results in the formation of toxic oligomers and plaques, which plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Aβ42 is one of several Aβ peptides, all of Aβ30 to Aβ43 that are produced as a result of γ‐secretase–mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein. γ‐Secretase modulators (GSMs) represent a promising class of Aβ42‐lowering anti‐amyloidogenic compounds for the treatment of AD. Gamma‐secretase modulators change the relative proportion of secreted Aβ peptides, while sparing the γ‐secretase–mediated processing event resulting in the release of the cytoplasmic APP intracellular domain. In this study, we have characterized how GSMs affect the γ‐secretase cleavage of three γ‐secretase substrates, E‐cadherin, ephrin type A receptor 4 (EphA4) and ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2), which all are implicated in important contexts of cell signalling. By using a reporter gene assay, we demonstrate that the γ‐secretase–dependent generation of EphA4 and EphB2 intracellular domains is unaffected by GSMs. We also show that γ‐secretase processing of EphA4 and EphB2 results in the release of several Aβ‐like peptides, but that only the production of Aβ‐like proteins from EphA4 is modulated by GSMs, but with an order of magnitude lower potency as compared to Aβ modulation. Collectively, these results suggest that GSMs are selective for γ‐secretase–mediated Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Weber
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Scientific Affairs, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Johan Lundkvist
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alzecure Pharma, Huddinge, Sweden.,Sinfonia Biotherapeutics AB, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna Wanngren
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - ShaoBo Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Larssen
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Wu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nordvall
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alzecure Pharma, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Geriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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8
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Nilsson J, Cousins KA, Gobom J, Portelius E, Chen‐Plotkin A, Shaw LM, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A. A novel antibody‐free mass spectrometry panel of CSF biomarkers for synaptic dysfunction. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.054818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katheryn A.Q. Cousins
- Penn FTD Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Alice Chen‐Plotkin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Les M. Shaw
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn FTD Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
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9
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Verbeek MM, de Kort AM, Wermer MJ, Marques TM, Kersten I, Schreuder FH, Klijn CJ, Stoops E, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Gkanatsiou E, van Etten E, Rasing I. Amyloid‐βeta peptides in CSF and plasma discriminate cerebral amyloid angiopathy from controls. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel M. Verbeek
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Anna M. de Kort
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | - Tainá M. Marques
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Floris H.B.M. Schreuder
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Catharina J.M. Klijn
- Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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10
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Pannee J, Shaw LM, Korecka M, Waligorska T, Teunissen CE, Stoops E, Vanderstichele HMJ, Mauroo K, Verberk IMW, Keshavan A, Pesini P, Sarasa L, Pascual‐Lucas M, Fandos N, Allué J, Portelius E, Andreasson U, Yoda R, Nakamura A, Kaneko N, Yang S, Liu H, Palme S, Bittner T, Mawuenyega KG, Ovod V, Bollinger J, Bateman RJ, Li Y, Dage JL, Stomrud E, Hansson O, Schott JM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. The global Alzheimer's Association round robin study on plasma amyloid β methods. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12242. [PMID: 34692980 PMCID: PMC8515356 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-based assays to measure brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition are an attractive alternative to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based assays currently used in clinical settings. In this study, we examined different blood-based assays to measure Aβ and how they compare among centers and assays. METHODS Aliquots from 81 plasma samples were distributed to 10 participating centers. Seven immunological assays and four mass-spectrometric methods were used to measure plasma Aβ concentrations. RESULTS Correlations were weak for Aβ42 while Aβ40 correlations were stronger. The ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 did not improve the correlations and showed weak correlations. DISCUSSION The poor correlations for Aβ42 in plasma might have several potential explanations, such as the high levels of plasma proteins (compared to CSF), sensitivity to pre-analytical sample handling and specificity, and cross-reactivity of different antibodies. Different methods might also measure different pools of plasma Aβ42. We, however, hypothesize that greater correlations might be seen in future studies because many of the methods have been refined during completion of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LabSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Perelman School of MedicineDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Perelman School of MedicineDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Teresa Waligorska
- Perelman School of MedicineDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Inge M. W. Verberk
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LabSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LabSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Ritsuko Yoda
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research LaboratoryShimadzu CorporationKyotoJapan
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Biomarker ResearchNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuAichiJapan
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research LaboratoryShimadzu CorporationKyotoJapan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kwasi G. Mawuenyega
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Vitaliy Ovod
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - James Bollinger
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research UnitFaculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Memory ClinicSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research UnitFaculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Memory ClinicSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LabSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LabSahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteLondonUK
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11
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Alić I, Goh PA, Murray A, Portelius E, Gkanatsiou E, Gough G, Mok KY, Koschut D, Brunmeir R, Yeap YJ, O'Brien NL, Groet J, Shao X, Havlicek S, Dunn NR, Kvartsberg H, Brinkmalm G, Hithersay R, Startin C, Hamburg S, Phillips M, Pervushin K, Turmaine M, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Soininen H, Volpi E, Martin JE, Foo JN, Becker DL, Rostagno A, Ghiso J, Krsnik Ž, Šimić G, Kostović I, Mitrečić D, Francis PT, Blennow K, Strydom A, Hardy J, Zetterberg H, Nižetić D. Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5766-5788. [PMID: 32647257 PMCID: PMC8190957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A population of more than six million people worldwide at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are those with Down Syndrome (DS, caused by trisomy 21 (T21)), 70% of whom develop dementia during lifetime, caused by an extra copy of β-amyloid-(Aβ)-precursor-protein gene. We report AD-like pathology in cerebral organoids grown in vitro from non-invasively sampled strands of hair from 71% of DS donors. The pathology consisted of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylated/pathologically conformed Tau, and premature neuronal loss. Presence/absence of AD-like pathology was donor-specific (reproducible between individual organoids/iPSC lines/experiments). Pathology could be triggered in pathology-negative T21 organoids by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the third copy of chromosome 21 gene BACE2, but prevented by combined chemical β and γ-secretase inhibition. We found that T21 organoids secrete increased proportions of Aβ-preventing (Aβ1-19) and Aβ-degradation products (Aβ1-20 and Aβ1-34). We show these profiles mirror in cerebrospinal fluid of people with DS. We demonstrate that this protective mechanism is mediated by BACE2-trisomy and cross-inhibited by clinically trialled BACE1 inhibitors. Combined, our data prove the physiological role of BACE2 as a dose-sensitive AD-suppressor gene, potentially explaining the dementia delay in ~30% of people with DS. We also show that DS cerebral organoids could be explored as pre-morbid AD-risk population detector and a system for hypothesis-free drug screens as well as identification of natural suppressor genes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Grants
- MR/S011277/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/L501542/1 Medical Research Council
- G-0907 Parkinson's UK
- MR/N026004/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/R024901/1 Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- 217199 Wellcome Trust
- G0901254 Medical Research Council
- MR/T002581/1 Medical Research Council
- RF1 AG059695 NIA NIH HHS
- G0701075 Medical Research Council
- 098330 Wellcome Trust
- William Harvey Academy Fellowship, co-funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n° 608765
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Foundation for Medical Research in France)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister’s office, Republic of Singapore)
- BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas)
- KB holds the Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and is supported by the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-715986).
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- JH received funding from the Dementia Research Institute, an anonymous foundation and the Dolby foundation
- HZ is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (ALFGBG-720931) the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pollyanna A Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Aoife Murray
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gillian Gough
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kin Y Mok
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David Koschut
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Niamh L O'Brien
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Groet
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Xiaowei Shao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Rosalyn Hithersay
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carla Startin
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah Hamburg
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Margaret Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Konstantin Pervushin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Emanuela Volpi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Joanne E Martin
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Andre Strydom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John Hardy
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK.
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12
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Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Johansson P, Svensson J, Kettunen P, Wallin A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Andreasson U. Brevican and Neurocan Peptides as Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differentiation Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:729-741. [PMID: 33337373 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brevican and neurocan are central nervous system-specific extracellular matrix proteoglycans. They are degraded by extracellular enzymes, such as metalloproteinases. However, their degradation profile is largely unexplored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE The study aim was to quantify proteolytic peptides derived from brevican and neurocan in human CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) compared with controls. METHODS The first cohort consisted of 75 individuals including 25 patients with AD, 7 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up, 10 patients with VaD or MCI diagnosed with VaD upon follow-up, and 33 healthy controls and cognitively stable MCI patients. In the second cohort, 31 individuals were included (5 AD patients, 14 VaD patients and 12 healthy controls). Twenty proteolytic peptides derived from brevican (n = 9) and neurocan (n = 11) were quantified using high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS In the first cohort, the majority of CSF concentrations of brevican and neurocan peptides were significantly decreased inVaDas compared withADpatients (AUC = 0.83.0.93, p≤0.05) and as compared with the control group (AUC = 0.79.0.87, p ≤ 0.05). In the second cohort, CSF concentrations of two brevican peptides (B87, B156) were significantly decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.86.0.91, p ≤ 0.05) and to controls (AUC = 0.80.0.82, p ≤ 0.05), while other brevican and neurocan peptides showed a clear trend to be decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.64.80, p > 0.05). No peptides differed between AD and controls. CONCLUSION Brevican and neurocan peptides are potential diagnostic biomarkers for VaD, with ability to separate VaD from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Per Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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13
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Dansson HV, Stempfle L, Egilsdóttir H, Schliep A, Portelius E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Johansson FD. Predicting progression and cognitive decline in amyloid-positive patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:151. [PMID: 34488882 PMCID: PMC8422748 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid- β (A β) peptides aggregate in the lowering CSF amyloid levels - a key pathological hallmark of the disease. However, lowered CSF amyloid levels may also be present in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals. Therefore, it is of great value to explain the variance in disease progression among patients with A β pathology. METHODS A cohort of n=2293 participants, of whom n=749 were A β positive, was selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to study heterogeneity in disease progression for individuals with A β pathology. The analysis used baseline clinical variables including demographics, genetic markers, and neuropsychological data to predict how the cognitive ability and AD diagnosis of subjects progressed using statistical models and machine learning. Due to the relatively low prevalence of A β pathology, models fit only to A β-positive subjects were compared to models fit to an extended cohort including subjects without established A β pathology, adjusting for covariate differences between the cohorts. RESULTS A β pathology status was determined based on the A β42/A β40 ratio. The best predictive model of change in cognitive test scores for A β-positive subjects at the 2-year follow-up achieved an R2 score of 0.388 while the best model predicting adverse changes in diagnosis achieved a weighted F1 score of 0.791. A β-positive subjects declined faster on average than those without A β pathology, but the specific level of CSF A β was not predictive of progression rate. When predicting cognitive score change 4 years after baseline, the best model achieved an R2 score of 0.325 and it was found that fitting models to the extended cohort improved performance. Moreover, using all clinical variables outperformed the best model based only on a suite of cognitive test scores which achieved an R2 score of 0.228. CONCLUSION Our analysis shows that CSF levels of A β are not strong predictors of the rate of cognitive decline in A β-positive subjects when adjusting for other variables. Baseline assessments of cognitive function accounts for the majority of variance explained in the prediction of 2-year decline but is insufficient for achieving optimal results in longer-term predictions. Predicting changes both in cognitive test scores and in diagnosis provides multiple perspectives of the progression of potential AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hákon Valur Dansson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Stempfle
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hildur Egilsdóttir
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Schliep
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Fredrik D Johansson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Gkanatsiou E, Nilsson J, Toomey CE, Vrillon A, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G. Amyloid pathology and synaptic loss in pathological aging. J Neurochem 2021; 159:258-272. [PMID: 34473357 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory dysfunction and cognitive decline. Pathological aging (PA) describes patients who are amyloid-positive but cognitively unimpaired at time of death. Both AD and PA contain amyloid plaques dominated by amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. In this study, we investigated and compared synaptic protein levels, amyloid plaque load, and Aβ peptide patterns between AD and PA. Two cohorts of post-mortem brain tissue were investigated. In the first, consisting of controls, PA, AD, and familial AD (FAD) individuals, synaptic proteins extracted with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-buffered saline (TBS) were analyzed. In the second, consisting of tissue from AD and PA patients from three different regions (occipital lobe, frontal lobe, and cerebellum), a two-step extraction was performed. Five synaptic proteins were extracted using TBS, and from the remaining portion Aβ peptides were extracted using formic acid. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation with several antibodies targeting different proteins/peptides was performed for both fractions, which were subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry. The levels of synaptic proteins were lower in AD (and FAD) compared with PA (and controls), confirming synaptic loss in AD patients. The amyloid plaque load was increased in AD compared with PA, and the relative amount of Aβ40 was higher in AD while for Aβ42 it was higher in PA. In AD loss of synaptic function was associated with increased plaque load and increased amounts of Aβ40 compared with PA cases, suggesting that synaptic function is preserved in PA cases even in the presence of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christina E Toomey
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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15
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Minta K, Jeppsson A, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Tullberg M, Andreasson U. Lumbar and ventricular CSF concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins before and after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33985551 PMCID: PMC8120927 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible CNS disease characterized by disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition might be involved in the pathophysiology of iNPH. The aim of this study was to explore possible differences between lumbar and ventricular CSF concentrations of the ECM markers brevican and neurocan, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and their relation to clinical symptoms in iNPH patients before and after shunt surgery. Methods Paired lumbar and ventricular CSF was collected from 31 iNPH patients, before and four months after shunt surgery. CSF was analysed for concentrations of tryptic peptides originating from brevican and neurocan using a mass spectrometry-based panel, and for MMP-1, -2, -9, -10 and TIMP-1 using fluorescent or electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. Results Brevican and neurocan peptide levels were not influenced by CSF origin, but MMP-1, -2, -10 and TIMP-1 were increased (p ≤ 0.0005), and MMP-9 decreased (p ≤ 0.0003) in lumbar CSF compared with ventricular CSF. There was a general trend of ECM proteins to increase following shunt surgery. Ventricular TIMP-1 was inversely correlated with overall symptoms (rho = − 0.62, p < 0.0001). CSF concentrations of the majority of brevican and neurocan peptides were increased in iNPH patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (p ≤ 0.001, AUC = 0.84–0.94) compared with those without. Conclusion Levels of the CNS-specific proteins brevican and neurocan did not differ between the lumbar and ventricular CSF, whereas the increase of several CNS-unspecific MMPs and TIMP-1 in lumbar CSF suggests contribution from peripheral tissues. The increase of ECM proteins in CSF following shunt surgery could indicate disturbed ECM dynamics in iNPH that are restored by restitution of CSF dynamics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-021-00256-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Anna Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute At UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mats Tullberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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16
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Nilsson J, Gobom J, Sjödin S, Brinkmalm G, Ashton NJ, Svensson J, Johansson P, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel for synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12179. [PMID: 33969172 PMCID: PMC8087978 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the best correlate of cognitive decline. Thus, identification and validation of biomarkers reflecting synaptic degeneration to be used as prognostic biomarkers are greatly needed. METHOD Solid-phase extraction and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry were used to quantify 17 synaptic proteins in CSF, in two cross-sectional studies including AD (n = 52) and controls (n = 37). RESULTS Increased concentrations of beta-synuclein, gamma-synuclein, neurogranin, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1, and 14-3-3 proteins were observed in AD patients compared to controls, while neuronal pentraxin-2 and neuronal pentraxin receptor were decreased. DISCUSSION We have established a method with a novel panel of synaptic proteins as biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction. The results indicate that several of the proteins included in the panel may serve as synaptic biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Simon Sjödin
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience InstituteKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS FoundationLondonUK
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Per Johansson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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17
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O'Connor A, Pannee J, Poole T, Arber C, Portelius E, Swift IJ, Heslegrave AJ, Abel E, Willumsen N, Rice H, Weston PSJ, Ryan NS, Polke JM, Nicholas JM, Mead S, Wray S, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Frost C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Fox NC. Plasma amyloid-β ratios in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: the influence of genotype. Brain 2021; 144:2964-2970. [PMID: 33892504 PMCID: PMC8634092 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro studies of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease implicate longer amyloid-beta peptides in disease pathogenesis, however less is known about the behaviour of these mutations in-vivo. In this cross-sectional cohort study, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyse 66 plasma samples from individuals who were at-risk of inheriting a mutation or were symptomatic. We tested for differences in amyloid-beta42:38, 42:40 and 38:40 ratios between presenilin1 and amyloid precursor protein carriers. We examined the relationship between plasma and in-vitro models of amyloid-beta processing and tested for associations with parental age at onset. 39 participants were mutation carriers (28 presenilin1 and 11 amyloid precursor protein). Age- and sex-adjusted models showed marked differences in plasma amyloid-beta between genotypes: higher amyloid-beta42:38 in presenilin1 versus amyloid precursor protein (p < 0.001) and non-carriers (p < 0.001); higher amyloid-beta38:40 in amyloid precursor protein versus presenilin1 (p < 0.001) and non-carriers (p < 0.001); while amyloid-beta42:40 was higher in both mutation groups compared to non-carriers (both p < 0.001). Amyloid-beta profiles were reasonably consistent in plasma and cell lines. Within presenilin1, models demonstrated associations between amyloid-beta42:38, 42:40 and 38:40 ratios and parental age at onset. In-vivo differences in amyloid-beta processing between presenilin1 and amyloid precursor protein carriers provide insights into disease pathophysiology, which can inform therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette O'Connor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Teresa Poole
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Imogen J Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | | | - Emily Abel
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Nanet Willumsen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Helen Rice
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Philip S J Weston
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - James M Polke
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Frost
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
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18
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Gkanatsiou E, Sahlin C, Portelius E, Johannesson M, Söderberg L, Fälting J, Basun H, Möller C, Odergren T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Lannfelt L, Brinkmalm G. Characterization of monomeric and soluble aggregated Aβ in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135894. [PMID: 33848613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The major characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid plaques, consisting of aggregated beta amyloid (Aβ) peptides, together with tau pathology (tangles, neuropil treads and dystrophic neurites surrounding the plaques), in the brain. Down's syndrome (DS) individuals are at increased risk to develop AD-type pathology; most DS individuals have developed substantial pathology already at the age of 40. DS individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 21, harbouring the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP). Our aim was to investigate the Aβ peptide pattern in DS and AD brains to investigate differences in their amyloid deposition and aggregation, respectively. Cortical tissue from patients with DS (with amyloid pathology), sporadic AD and controls were homogenized and fractionated into TBS (water soluble) and formic acid (water insoluble) fractions. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed using a variety of antibodies targeting different Aβ species including oligomeric Aβ. Mass spectrometry was then used to evaluate the presence of Aβ species in the different patient groups. A large number of Aβ peptides were identified including Aβ1-X, 2-X, 3-X, 4-X, 5-X, 11-X, and Aβ peptides extended N terminally of the BACE1 cleavage site and ending at amino 15 in the Aβ sequence APP/Aβ(-X to 15), as well as peptides post-translationally modified by pyroglutamate formation. Most Aβ peptides had higher abundance in AD and DS compared to controls, except the APP/Aβ(-X to 15) peptides which were most abundant in DS followed by controls and AD. Furthermore, the abundancies of AβX-40 and AβX-34 were increased in DS compared with AD. Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ4-42 were identified as the main constitutes of protofibrils (IP'd using mAb158) and higher relative Aβ1-42 signals were obtained compared with samples IP'd with 6E10 + 4G8, indicating that the protofibrils/oligomers were enriched with peptides ending at amino acid 42. All Aβ peptides found in AD were also present in DS indicating similar pathways of Aβ peptide production, degradation and accumulation, except for APP/Aβ(-X to 15). Likewise, the Aβ peptides forming protofibrils/oligomers in both AD and DS were similar, implying the possibility that treatment with clinical benefit in sporadic AD might also be beneficial for subjects with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Charlotte Sahlin
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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19
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Keshavan A, Pannee J, Karikari TK, Rodriguez JL, Ashton NJ, Nicholas JM, Cash DM, Coath W, Lane CA, Parker TD, Lu K, Buchanan SM, Keuss SE, James SN, Murray-Smith H, Wong A, Barnes A, Dickson JC, Heslegrave A, Portelius E, Richards M, Fox NC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Schott JM. Population-based blood screening for preclinical Alzheimer's disease in a British birth cohort at age 70. Brain 2021; 144:434-449. [PMID: 33479777 PMCID: PMC7940173 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has a preclinical stage when cerebral amyloid-β deposition occurs before symptoms emerge, and when amyloid-β-targeted therapies may have maximum benefits. Existing amyloid-β status measurement techniques, including amyloid PET and CSF testing, are difficult to deploy at scale, so blood biomarkers are increasingly considered for screening. We compared three different blood-based techniques-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measures of plasma amyloid-β, and single molecule array (Simoa) measures of plasma amyloid-β and phospho-tau181-to detect cortical 18F-florbetapir amyloid PET positivity (defined as a standardized uptake value ratio of >0.61 between a predefined cortical region of interest and eroded subcortical white matter) in dementia-free members of Insight 46, a substudy of the population-based British 1946 birth cohort. We used logistic regression models with blood biomarkers as predictors of amyloid PET status, with or without age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier status as covariates. We generated receiver operating characteristics curves and quantified areas under the curves to compare the concordance of the different blood tests with amyloid PET. We determined blood test cut-off points using Youden's index, then estimated numbers needed to screen to obtain 100 amyloid PET-positive individuals. Of the 502 individuals assessed, 441 dementia-free individuals with complete data were included; 82 (18.6%) were amyloid PET-positive. The area under the curve for amyloid PET status using a base model comprising age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier status was 0.695 (95% confidence interval: 0.628-0.762). The two best-performing Simoa plasma biomarkers were amyloid-β42/40 (0.620; 0.548-0.691) and phospho-tau181 (0.707; 0.646-0.768), but neither outperformed the base model. Mass spectrometry plasma measures performed significantly better than any other measure (amyloid-β1-42/1-40: 0.817; 0.770-0.864 and amyloid-β composite: 0.820; 0.775-0.866). At a cut-off point of 0.095, mass spectrometry measures of amyloid-β1-42/1-40 detected amyloid PET positivity with 86.6% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity. Without screening, to obtain 100 PET-positive individuals from a population with similar amyloid PET positivity prevalence to Insight 46, 543 PET scans would need to be performed. Screening using age, sex and APOE ε4 status would require 940 individuals, of whom 266 would proceed to scan. Using mass spectrometry amyloid-β1-42/1-40 alone would reduce these numbers to 623 individuals and 243 individuals, respectively. Across a theoretical range of amyloid PET positivity prevalence of 10-50%, mass spectrometry measures of amyloid-β1-42/1-40 would consistently reduce the numbers proceeding to scans, with greater cost savings demonstrated at lower prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvini Keshavan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josef Pannee
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juan Lantero Rodriguez
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - William Coath
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Lane
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Parker
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Lu
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah M Buchanan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Keuss
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Heidi Murray-Smith
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Anna Barnes
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John C Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute Fluid Biomarkers Laboratory, UK DRI at UCL, London, UK
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute Fluid Biomarkers Laboratory, UK DRI at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Sepulveda-Falla D, Chavez-Gutierrez L, Portelius E, Vélez JI, Dujardin S, Barrera-Ocampo A, Dinkel F, Hagel C, Puig B, Mastronardi C, Lopera F, Hyman BT, Blennow K, Arcos-Burgos M, de Strooper B, Glatzel M. A multifactorial model of pathology for age of onset heterogeneity in familial Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:217-233. [PMID: 33319314 PMCID: PMC7847436 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) characterized by early age of onset (AoO). Examination of a large kindred harboring the PSEN1-E280A mutation reveals a range of AoO spanning 30 years. The pathophysiological drivers and clinical impact of AoO variation in this population are unknown. We examined brains of 23 patients focusing on generation and deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau pathology profile. In 14 patients distributed at the extremes of AoO, we performed whole-exome capture to identify genotype-phenotype correlations. We also studied kinome activity, proteasome activity, and protein polyubiquitination in brain tissue, associating it with Tau phosphorylation profiles. PSEN1-E280A patients showed a bimodal distribution for AoO. Besides AoO, there were no clinical differences between analyzed groups. Despite the effect of mutant PSEN1 on production of Aβ, there were no relevant differences between groups in generation and deposition of Aβ. However, differences were found in hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathology, where early onset patients showed severe pathology with diffuse aggregation pattern associated with increased activation of stress kinases. In contrast, late-onset patients showed lesser pTau pathology and a distinctive kinase activity. Furthermore, we identified new protective genetic variants affecting ubiquitin-proteasome function in early onset patients, resulting in higher ubiquitin-dependent degradation of differentially phosphorylated Tau. In PSEN1-E280A carriers, altered γ-secretase activity and resulting Aβ accumulation are prerequisites for early AoO. However, Tau hyperphosphorylation pattern, and its degradation by the proteasome, drastically influences disease onset in individuals with otherwise similar Aβ pathology, hinting toward a multifactorial model of disease for FAD. In sporadic AD (SAD), a wide range of heterogeneity, also influenced by Tau pathology, has been identified. Thus, Tau-induced heterogeneity is a common feature in both AD variants, suggesting that a multi-target therapeutic approach should be used to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Lucia Chavez-Gutierrez
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dept. of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jorge I Vélez
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Simon Dujardin
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, USA
| | - Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidad Icesi, Grupo Natura, Calle 18 No. 122 -135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felix Dinkel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Mastronardi
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- GIPSI Group, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dept. of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- GIPSI Group, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bart de Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Thelin EP, Al Nimer F, Piehl F, Tullberg M, Jeppsson A, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Andreasson U. Cerebrospinal fluid brevican and neurocan fragment patterns in human traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 512:74-83. [PMID: 33275942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of two extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans, brevican and neurocan, have been found in brain injury models; however, their proteolytic processing in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unexplored. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a possible contributor to ECM remodelling following TBI. The aims of this study were to evaluate proteolytic brevican/neurocan patterns and ADAMTS-like activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the context of TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two acute TBI patients and 37 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients were included in the analysis of tryptic brevican and neurocan peptides in CSF using parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine TBI and 36 iNPH patients were analysed for ADAMTS-like activity in CSF using a quenched fluorescent substrate. RESULTS The majority of CSF concentrations of brevican peptides significantly decreased in TBI patients compared with the iNPH group (p ≤ 0.002), while ADAMTS-like activity increased (p < 0.0001). Two C-terminal brevican peptides strongly correlated with unfavourable outcome of TBI patients (rho = 0.85-0.93, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The decreased CSF concentrations of brevican peptides in TBI are associated with their increased degradation by ADAMTS enzymes. Furthermore, the N- and C-terminal parts of brevican are differentially regulated following TBI and may serve as outcome markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Tullberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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22
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Gkanatsiou E, Sahlin C, Portelius E, Johannesson M, Söderberg L, Fälting J, Basun H, Möller C, Odergren T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Lannfelt L, Brinkmalm G. Characterization of monomeric and soluble aggregated Aβ in Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease brains. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.042479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Sweden Mölndal Sweden
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23
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Alic I, Goh P, Murray A, Portelius E, Gough G, Gkanatsiou E, Wallon D, Rovelet‐Lecrux A, Rostagno A, Ghiso J, Francis PT, Strydom A, Hardy J, Zetterberg H, Nizetic D. Alzheimer‐like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids amenable to pharmacological inhibition reveals BACE2 as a gene‐dose‐sensitive AD‐suppressor in human brain. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alic
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine NTU Singapore Singapore
| | - Pollyanna Goh
- Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Aoife Murray
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gillian Gough
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine NTU Singapore Singapore
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie University UNIROUEN Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR‐MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine Rouen France
| | - Anne Rovelet‐Lecrux
- Normandie University UNIROUEN Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR‐MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine Rouen France
| | | | | | | | - Andre Strydom
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Trust London United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Dean Nizetic
- Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom
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24
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Minta K, Portelius E, Janelidze S, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Andreasson U. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:1213-1220. [PMID: 31156172 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are mainly expressed in the brain. They play important roles in proliferation and migration of neurons and other cell types in the brain. These ECM proteins may also be involved in various pathologies, including reactive gliosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate if ECM protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are linked to the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Lumbar CSF samples from a non-AD control group (n = 50) and a clinically diagnosed AD group (n = 42), matched for age and gender, were analyzed using commercially available ELISAs detecting ECM proteins. Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine group differences, while Spearman's rho test was used for correlations. RESULTS Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-R, and tenascin-C concentrations in AD patients did not differ compared to healthy controls or when the groups were dichotomized based on the Aβ42/40 cut-off. CSF tenascin-C and tenascin-R concentrations were significantly higher in women than in men in the AD group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION ECM proteins do not reflect AD-pathology in CSF. CSF tenascin-C and tenascin-R upregulation in women possibly reveal sexual dimorphism in the central nervous system immunity during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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25
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Minta K, Cullen NC, Nimer FA, Thelin EP, Piehl F, Clarin M, Tullberg M, Jeppsson A, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Andreasson U. Dynamics of extracellular matrix proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and their relation to clinical outcome in human traumatic brain injury. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1565-1573. [PMID: 30980710 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix proteins present in brain that show increased expression in experimental animal models of brain injury. However, little is known about the dynamics of these proteins in human body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims of this study were to investigate if matrix proteins in CSF and serum are associated with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury, if their concentrations change over time and to compare their levels between brain injured patients to controls. Methods In total, 42 traumatic brain injury patients, nine healthy controls and a contrast group consisting of 38 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the concentrations of proteins. Results Increased concentrations of brevican, tenascin-C and tenascin-R in CSF correlated with unfavourable outcome, with stronger outcome prediction ability compared to other biomarkers of brain tissue injury. CSF brevican, tenascin-R and serum neurocan gradually decreased with time (p = 0.04, p = 0.008, p = 0.005, respectively), while serum tenascin-C (p = 0.01) increased. CSF concentrations of brevican, neurocan and tenascin-R (only in time point 3) after TBI were lower than in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0008, respectively). In serum, tenascin-C concentration was higher and neurocan lower compared to healthy controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0009). Conclusions These findings indicate that levels of extracellular matrix proteins are associated with clinical outcome following TBI and may act as markers for different pathophysiology than currently used protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Clarin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mats Tullberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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26
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Boulo S, Kuhlmann J, Andreasson U, Brix B, Venkataraman I, Herbst V, Rutz S, Manuilova E, Vandijck M, Dekeyser F, Bjerke M, Pannee J, Charoud-Got J, Auclair G, Mazoua S, Pinski G, Trapmann S, Schimmel H, Emons H, Quaglia M, Portelius E, Korecka M, Shaw LM, Lame M, Chambers E, Vanderstichele H, Stoops E, Leinenbach A, Bittner T, Jenkins RG, Kostanjevecki V, Lewczuk P, Gobom J, Zetterberg H, Zegers I, Blennow K. First amyloid β1-42 certified reference material for re-calibrating commercial immunoassays. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1493-1503. [PMID: 32755010 PMCID: PMC7984389 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reference materials based on human cerebrospinal fluid were certified for the mass concentration of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 (Aβ42 ). They are intended to be used to calibrate diagnostic assays for Aβ42 . METHODS The three certified reference materials (CRMs), ERM-DA480/IFCC, ERM-DA481/IFCC and ERM-DA482/IFCC, were prepared at three concentration levels and characterized using isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. Roche, EUROIMMUN, and Fujirebio used the three CRMs to re-calibrate their immunoassays. RESULTS The certified Aβ42 mass concentrations in ERM-DA480/IFCC, ERM-DA481/IFCC, and ERM-DA482/IFCC are 0.45, 0.72, and 1.22 μg/L, respectively, with expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of 0.07, 0.11, and 0.18 μg/L, respectively. Before re-calibration, a good correlation (Pearson's r > 0.97), yet large biases, were observed between results from different commercial assays. After re-calibration the between-assay bias was reduced to < 5%. DISCUSSION The Aβ42 CRMs can ensure the equivalence of results between methods and across platforms for the measurement of Aβ42 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boulo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Julia Kuhlmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Bjerke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Guy Auclair
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Mazoua
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Gregor Pinski
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Heinz Schimmel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Emons
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Lame
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rand G Jenkins
- PPD Laboratories, Department of Chromatographic Sciences, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Ingrid Zegers
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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27
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Blennow K, Chen C, Cicognola C, Wildsmith KR, Manser PT, Bohorquez SMS, Zhang Z, Xie B, Peng J, Hansson O, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G, Kerchner GA, Weimer RM, Ye K, Höglund K. Cerebrospinal fluid tau fragment correlates with tau PET: a candidate biomarker for tangle pathology. Brain 2020; 143:650-660. [PMID: 31834365 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no validated fluid biomarker for tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, with contradictory results from studies evaluating the correlation between phosphorylated tau in CSF with tau PET imaging. Tau protein is subjected to proteolytic processing into fragments before being secreted to the CSF. A recent study suggested that tau cleavage after amino acid 368 by asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease. We used immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analyses to evaluate the presence of tau368 species in CSF. A novel Simoa® assay for quantification of tau368 in CSF was developed, while total tau (t-tau) was measured by ELISA and the presence of tau368 in tangles was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic utility of tau368 was first evaluated in a pilot study (Alzheimer's disease = 20, control = 20), then in a second cohort where the IWG-2 biomarker criteria were applied (Alzheimer's disease = 37, control = 45), and finally in a third cohort where the correlation with 18F-GTP1 tau PET was evaluated (Alzheimer's disease = 38, control = 11). The tau368/t-tau ratio was significantly decreased in Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.001) in all cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that tau fragments ending at 368 are present in tangles. There was a strong negative correlation between the CSF tau368/t-tau ratio and 18F-GTP1 retention. Our data suggest that tau368 is a tangle-enriched fragment and that the CSF ratio tau368/t-tau reflects tangle pathology. This novel tau biomarker could be used to improve diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and to facilitate the development of drug candidates targeting tau pathology. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies will increase our understanding of tau pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Chun Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia Cicognola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul T Manser
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhentao Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boer Xie
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA.,Department of Development Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA.,St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Neurogeriatrics Division, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Brinkmalm G, Hong W, Wang Z, Liu W, O'Malley TT, Sun X, Frosch MP, Selkoe DJ, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Walsh DM. Identification of neurotoxic cross-linked amyloid-β dimers in the Alzheimer's brain. Brain 2020; 142:1441-1457. [PMID: 31032851 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary structure of canonical amyloid-β-protein was elucidated more than 30 years ago, yet the forms of amyloid-β that play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Studies of Alzheimer's disease brain extracts suggest that amyloid-β, which migrates on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of ∼7 kDa (7kDa-Aβ), is particularly toxic; however, the nature of this species has been controversial. Using sophisticated mass spectrometry and sensitive assays of disease-relevant toxicity we show that brain-derived bioactive 7kDa-Aβ contains a heterogeneous mixture of covalently cross-linked dimers in the absence of any other detectable proteins. The identification of amyloid-β dimers may open a new phase of Alzheimer's research and allow a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease, and how to monitor and treat this devastating disorder. Future studies investigating the bioactivity of individual dimers cross-linked at known sites will be critical to this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Obrocki P, Khatun A, Ness D, Senkevich K, Hanrieder J, Capraro F, Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Portelius E, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Schöll M, Paterson RW, Schott JM, Zetterberg H. Perspectives in fluid biomarkers in neurodegeneration from the 2019 biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases course-a joint PhD student course at University College London and University of Gothenburg. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:20. [PMID: 32111242 PMCID: PMC7049194 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until relatively recently, a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders was principally based on clinical presentation, with post-mortem examination remaining a gold standard for disease confirmation. This is in sharp contrast to other areas of medicine, where fluid biomarkers, such as troponin levels in myocardial infarction, form an integral part of the diagnostic and treatment criteria. There is a pressing need for such quantifiable and easily accessible tools in neurodegenerative diseases.In this paper, based on lectures given at the 2019 Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Course, we provide an overview of a range of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders, including the 'core' AD biomarkers amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, as well as other disease-specific and general markers of neuroaxonal injury. We then highlight the main challenges in the field, and how those could be overcome with the aid of new methodological advances, such as assay automation, mass spectrometry and ultrasensitive immunoassays.As we hopefully move towards an era of disease-modifying treatments, reliable biomarkers will be essential to increase diagnostic accuracy, allow for earlier diagnosis, better participant selection and disease activity and treatment effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Obrocki
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ayesha Khatun
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ness
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Federica Capraro
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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30
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Olsson B, Portelius E, Cullen NC, Sandelius Å, Zetterberg H, Andreasson U, Höglund K, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin A, Wolk D, McCluskey L, Elman L, Shaw LM, Toledo JB, McBride J, Hernandez-Con P, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Blennow K. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein Levels With Cognition in Patients With Dementia, Motor Neuron Disease, and Movement Disorders. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:318-325. [PMID: 30508027 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Importance Neuronal and axonal destruction are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, but it is difficult to estimate the extent and progress of the damage in the disease process. Objective To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light (NFL) protein, a marker of neuroaxonal degeneration, in control participants and patients with dementia, motor neuron disease, and parkinsonian disorders (determined by clinical criteria and autopsy), and determine its association with longitudinal cognitive decline. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, we investigated NFL levels in CSF obtained from controls and patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. Collection of samples occurred between 1996 and 2014, patients were followed up longitudinally for cognitive testing, and a portion were autopsied in a single center (University of Pennsylvania). Data were analyzed throughout 2016. Exposures Concentrations of NFL in CSF. Main Outcomes and Measures Levels of CSF NFL and correlations with cognition scores. Results A total of 913 participants (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [10.0] years; 456 [49.9%] women) were included: 75 control participants plus 114 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 397 with Alzheimer disease, 96 with frontotemporal dementia, 68 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 41 with Parkinson disease (PD), 19 with PD with MCI, 29 with PD dementia, 33 with dementia with Lewy bodies, 21 with corticobasal syndrome, and 20 with progressive supranuclear palsy. Cognitive testing follow-up occurred for 1 to 18 years (mean [SD], 0.98 [2.25] years); autopsy-verified diagnoses were available for 120 of 845 participants with diseases (14.2%). There was a stepwise increase in CSF NFL levels between control participants (median [range] score, 536 [398-777] pg/mL), participants with MCI (831 [526-1075] pg/mL), and those with Alzheimer disease (951 [758-1261] pg/mL), indicating that NFL levels increase with increasing cognitive impairment. Levels of NFL correlated inversely with baseline Mini-Mental State Examination scores (ρ, -0.19; P < .001) in the full cohort (n = 822) and annual score decline in the full cohort (ρ, 0.36, P < .001), participants with AD (ρ, 0.25; P < .001), and participants with FTD (ρ, 0.46; P = .003). Concentrations of NFL were highest in participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (median [range], 4185 [2207-7453] pg/mL) and frontotemporal dementia (2094 [230-7744] pg/mL). In individuals with parkinsonian disorders, NFL concentrations were highest in those with progressive supranuclear palsy (median [range], 1578 [1287-3104] pg/mL) and corticobasal degeneration (1281 [828-2713] pg/mL). The NFL concentrations in CSF correlated with TDP-43 load in 13 of 17 brain regions in the full cohort. Adding NFL to β-amyloid 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau increased accuracy of discrimination of diseases. Conclusions and Relevance Levels of CSF NFL are associated with cognitive impairments in patients with Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia. In other neurodegenerative disorders, NFL levels appear to reflect the intensity of the neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Cinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Cinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - David Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Pilar Hernandez-Con
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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31
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Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Janelidze S, Sjödin S, Portelius E, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O, Andreasson U. Quantification of total apolipoprotein E and its isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:19. [PMID: 32054532 PMCID: PMC7020540 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human APOE gene, which codes for apolipoprotein E (apoE), has three major polymorphic alleles: ε2, ε3, and ε4 that give rise to amino acid substitutions. APOE-ε4 is a strong risk factor of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the reason why is still unknown despite intense research for more than 20 years. The aim of the study was to investigate if the concentrations of total apoE and the specific apoE isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) differ between various neurodegenerative diseases and control individuals, as well as among the APOE genotypes. METHODS Quantification of total apoE and specific apoE isoforms (E2, E3, and E4) in CSF was performed using high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. In total, 1820 individuals were involved in the study including clinically diagnosed AD patients (n = 228), cognitively unimpaired (CU) patients (n = 896), and patients with other neurodegenerative disorders (n = 696). Follow-up data was available for 100 individuals, assessed at two time points. Subjects were dichotomized based on an Aβ42/40 CSF concentration ratio cut-off into Aβ positive (Aβ+, < 0.091) and Aβ negative (Aβ-, > 0.091) groups. RESULTS Even though there was a significant increase of total apoE in the amyloid β-positive (Aβ+) group compared with amyloid β-negative (Aβ-) individuals (p < 0.001), the magnitude of the effect was very small (AUC = 0.55). Moreover, CSF total apoE concentrations did not differ between Aβ- CU controls and clinically diagnosed AD patients. There was a difference in concentration between isoforms in heterozygous individuals in an isoform-dependent manner (E2 < E3 < E4) (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.64-0.69), and these associations remained when dichotomizing the samples into Aβ+ and Aβ- groups (p < 0.01, AUC = 0.63-0.74). In the cohort with follow-up samples, neither total apoE nor isoform-specific apoE concentrations differed between the two time points (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that neither the concentrations of total apoE nor the different apoE isoforms in CSF are associated with APOE-ε4 carrier status, Aβ status, or clinical dementia diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - G Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Sjödin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - E Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - E Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - K Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - U Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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32
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Wiseman FK, Pulford LJ, Barkus C, Liao F, Portelius E, Webb R, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Cleverley K, Noy S, Sheppard O, Collins T, Powell C, Sarell CJ, Rickman M, Choong X, Tosh JL, Siganporia C, Whittaker HT, Stewart F, Szaruga M, Murphy MP, Blennow K, de Strooper B, Zetterberg H, Bannerman D, Holtzman DM, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC. Trisomy of human chromosome 21 enhances amyloid-β deposition independently of an extra copy of APP. Brain 2019; 141:2457-2474. [PMID: 29945247 PMCID: PMC6061702 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the single most common risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Worldwide approximately 6 million people have Down syndrome, and all these individuals will develop the hallmark amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease by the age of 40 and the vast majority will go on to develop dementia. Triplication of APP, a gene on chromosome 21, is sufficient to cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease in the absence of Down syndrome. However, whether triplication of other chromosome 21 genes influences disease pathogenesis in the context of Down syndrome is unclear. Here we show, in a mouse model, that triplication of chromosome 21 genes other than APP increases amyloid-β aggregation, deposition of amyloid-β plaques and worsens associated cognitive deficits. This indicates that triplication of chromosome 21 genes other than APP is likely to have an important role to play in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in individuals who have Down syndrome. We go on to show that the effect of trisomy of chromosome 21 on amyloid-β aggregation correlates with an unexpected shift in soluble amyloid-β 40/42 ratio. This alteration in amyloid-β isoform ratio occurs independently of a change in the carboxypeptidase activity of the γ-secretase complex, which cleaves the peptide from APP, or the rate of extracellular clearance of amyloid-β. These new mechanistic insights into the role of triplication of genes on chromosome 21, other than APP, in the development of Alzheimer's disease in individuals who have Down syndrome may have implications for the treatment of this common cause of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Laura J Pulford
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Chris Barkus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Fan Liao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Robin Webb
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40507, USA
| | - Lucia Chávez-Gutiérrez
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Sue Noy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Toby Collins
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Caroline Powell
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Claire J Sarell
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Matthew Rickman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Xun Choong
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Justin L Tosh
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Carlos Siganporia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Heather T Whittaker
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Floy Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Szaruga
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - London Down syndrome consortium
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40507, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Bart de Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB-Leuven 3000, Center for Human Genetics, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen and LIND, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC2B 4AN, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC2B 4AN, UK
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Victor Tybulewicz Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- The LonDownS Consortium, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Correspondence to: Elizabeth Fisher Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology London, WC1N 3BG UK E-mail:
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33
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Arber C, Toombs J, Lovejoy CE, Paterson RW, Ryan NS, Willumsen N, Gkanatsiou E, Portelius E, Blennow K, Heslegrave AJ, Schott JM, Hardy J, Fox NC, Lashley T, Zetterberg H, Wray S. O1‐03‐04: CORTICAL NEURONS AND CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS FROM APP AND PSEN1 MUTATION CARRIERS REVEAL MUTATION‐SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON Aβ PRODUCTION. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Arber
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Toombs
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
| | | | - Ross W. Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S. Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Nanet Willumsen
- The Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Amanda J. Heslegrave
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
| | | | - John Hardy
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
| | - Nick C. Fox
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Selina Wray
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
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34
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Minta K, Brinkmalm G, Janelidze S, Portelius E, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Hansson O, Andreasson U. P4-531: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID APOLIPOPROTEIN E ISOFORM CONCENTRATIONS IN RELATION TO β-AMYLOID POSITIVITY. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL; London United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
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35
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Graf A, Kolly C, Dubost V, Vassar RJ, Portelius E, Höglund K, Blennow K, Rouzade-Dominguez ML, Pezous N, Kretz S, Vormfelde SV, Neumann U. FTS3-01-01: UMIBECESTAT (CNP520) IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL MORPHOLOGY IN RATS OR CHANGES IN CSF AD BIOMARKERS IN HUMANS TREATED FOR 3 MONTHS. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Graf
- Novartis Pharma AG; Basel Switzerland
| | - Carine Kolly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | | | | | - Sandrine Kretz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Ulf Neumann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
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36
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Boulo S, Kuhlmann J, Andreasson U, Brix B, Venkataraman I, Herbst V, Rutz S, Manuilova E, Vandijck M, Dekeyser F, Bjerke M, Pannee J, Charoud-Got J, Auclair G, Mazoua S, Pinski G, Schimmel H, Emons H, Quaglia M, Portelius E, Korecka M, Shaw LM, Lame M, Chambers E, Vanderstichele HM, Stoops E, Leinenbach A, Bittner T, Jenkins RG, Kostanjevecki V, Lewczuk P, Zetterberg H, Zegers I, Blennow K. P4‐705: TOWARD RE‐CALIBRATION OF COMMERCIAL IMMUNOASSAYS USING CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR Aβ
42
IN HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boulo
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Julia Kuhlmann
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Rutz
- Centralised & Point of Care Solutions Roche Diagnostics GmbH Penzberg Germany
| | | | | | | | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and behavior, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Guy Auclair
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Stéphane Mazoua
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Gregor Pinski
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Heinz Schimmel
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Hendrik Emons
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | | | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rand G. Jenkins
- Department of Chromatographic Sciences PPD Laboratories Richmond VA USA
| | | | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics Medical University of Białystok Białystok Poland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Zegers
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Geel Belgium
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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37
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Toledo JB, Kovacs G, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Chen-Plotkin A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ. P1-245: CSF BIOMARKER CORRELATES OF ARTAG NEUROPATHOLOGY. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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38
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Hofving K, Pannee J, Zetterberg H, Stomrud E, Hansson O, Blennow K, Portelius E. P4-473: A NOVEL MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF SIX Aβ PEPTIDES IN HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hofving
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL; London United Kingdom
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
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39
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Santillo AF, Lundgren S, Xu C, Orhan F, Fatouros-Bergman H, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Portelius E, Cervenka S, Jönsson EG, Erhardt S, Engberg G. Neurogranin as a potential synaptic marker in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:490-492. [PMID: 30733168 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A F Santillo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - S Lundgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Orhan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - H Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - E Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - S Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - S Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Cam M, Durieu E, Bodin M, Manousopoulou A, Koslowski S, Vasylieva N, Barnych B, Hammock BD, Bohl B, Koch P, Omori C, Yamamoto K, Hata S, Suzuki T, Karg F, Gizzi P, Erakovic Haber V, Bencetic Mihaljevic V, Tavcar B, Portelius E, Pannee J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Garbis SD, Auvray P, Gerber H, Fraering J, Fraering PC, Meijer L. Induction of Amyloid-β42 Production by Fipronil and Other Pyrazole Insecticides. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1663-1681. [PMID: 29504531 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Generation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), especially increased production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40, and their aggregation as oligomers and plaques, represent a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In familial AD (FAD), altered Aβ production originates from specific mutations of AβPP or presenilins 1/2 (PS1/PS2), the catalytic subunits of γ-secretase. In sporadic AD, the origin of altered production of Aβs remains unknown. We hypothesize that the 'human chemical exposome' contains products able to favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40 and shorter Aβs. To detect such products, we screened a library of 3500 + compounds in a cell-based assay for enhanced Aβ42/Aβ43 production. Nine pyrazole insecticides were found to induce a β- and γ-secretase-dependent, 3-10-fold increase in the production of extracellular Aβ42 in various cell lines and neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy and FAD patients. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analyses showed increased production of Aβs cleaved at positions 42/43, and reduced production of peptides cleaved at positions 38 and shorter. Strongly supporting a direct effect on γ-secretase activity, pyrazoles shifted the cleavage pattern of another γ-secretase substrate, alcadeinα, and shifted the cleavage of AβPP by highly purified γ-secretase toward Aβ42/Aβ43. Focusing on fipronil, we showed that some of its metabolites, in particular the persistent fipronil sulfone, also favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 in both cell-based and cell-free systems. Fipronil administered orally to mice and rats is known to be metabolized rapidly, mostly to fipronil sulfone, which stably accumulates in adipose tissue and brain. In conclusion, several widely used pyrazole insecticides enhance the production of toxic, aggregation prone Aβ42/Aβ43 peptides, suggesting the possible existence of environmental "Alzheimerogens" which may contribute to the initiation and propagation of the amyloidogenic process in sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Cam
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Emilie Durieu
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Marion Bodin
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Svenja Koslowski
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,C.RIS Pharma, Parc Technopolitain, Atalante Saint Malo, Saint Malo, France
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bettina Bohl
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/ Medical, Faculty Mannheim and Hector Institut for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chiori Omori
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Frank Karg
- HPC INTERNATIONAL SAS and Atlantis Développement SAS, Noyal-Châtillon sur Seiche, Saint-Erblon, France
| | - Patrick Gizzi
- Plate-forme TechMedILL, UMR 7242, ESBS - Pôle API, Illkirch cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pierrick Auvray
- C.RIS Pharma, Parc Technopolitain, Atalante Saint Malo, Saint Malo, France
| | - Hermeto Gerber
- Foundation Eclosion, Switzerland.,Campus Biotech Innovation Park, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Fraering
- Foundation Eclosion, Switzerland.,Campus Biotech Innovation Park, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Fraering
- Foundation Eclosion, Switzerland.,Campus Biotech Innovation Park, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
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41
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Weiffert T, Meisl G, Flagmeier P, De S, Dunning CJR, Frohm B, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Portelius E, Klenerman D, Dobson CM, Knowles TPJ, Linse S. Increased Secondary Nucleation Underlies Accelerated Aggregation of the Four-Residue N-Terminally Truncated Aβ42 Species Aβ5-42. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2374-2384. [PMID: 30793584 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into plaques is believed to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid plaques consist of fibrils of full length Aβ peptides as well as N-terminally truncated species. β-Site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) cleaves amyloid precursor protein in the first step in Aβ peptide production and is an attractive therapeutic target to limit Aβ generation. Inhibition of BACE1, however, induces a unique pattern of Aβ peptides with increased levels of N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides starting at position 5 (Aβ5-X), indicating that these peptides are generated through a BACE1-independent pathway. Here we elucidate the aggregation mechanism of Aβ5-42 and its influence on full-length Aβ42. We find that, compared to Aβ42, Aβ5-42 is more aggregation prone and displays enhanced nucleation rates. Aβ5-42 oligomers cause nonspecific membrane disruption to similar extent as Aβ42 but appear at earlier time points in the aggregation reaction. Noteworthy, this implies similar toxicity of Aβ42 and Aβ5-42 and the toxic species are generated faster by Aβ5-42. The increased rate of secondary nucleation on the surface of existing fibrils originates from a higher affinity of Aβ5-42 monomers for fibrils, as compared to Aβ42: an effect that may be related to the reduced net charge of Aβ5-42. Moreover, Aβ5-42 and Aβ42 peptides coaggregate into heteromolecular fibrils and either species can elongate existing Aβ42 or Aβ5-42 fibrils but Aβ42 fibrils are more catalytic than Aβ5-42 fibrils. Our findings highlight the importance of the N-terminus for surface-catalyzed nucleation and thus the production of toxic oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Weiffert
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P O box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. R. Dunning
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P O box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Frohm
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P O box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience
and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska
Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience
and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska
Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience
and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska
Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P O box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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42
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Pujol-Calderón F, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rosengren LE, Höglund K. Neurofilament changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after acute ischemic stroke. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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43
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Grant MKO, Handoko M, Rozga M, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Blennow K, Ashe KH, Zahs KR, Liu P. Human cerebrospinal fluid 6E10-immunoreactive protein species contain amyloid precursor protein fragments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212815. [PMID: 30817799 PMCID: PMC6394962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that levels of two types of protein species-a type of ~55-kDa species and a type of ~15-kDa species-are elevated in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively intact elderly individuals who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). These species are immunoreactive to the monoclonal antibody 6E10, which is directed against amino acids 6-10 of amyloid-β (Aβ), and their levels correlate with levels of total tau and tau phosphorylated at Thr181. In this study, we investigated the molecular composition of these AD-related proteins using immunoprecipitation (IP)/Western blotting coupled with IP/mass spectrometry. We show that canonical Aβ1-40/42 peptides, together with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) fragments located N-terminally of Aβ, are present in the ~55-kDa, 6E10-immunoreactive species. We demonstrate that APP fragments located N-terminally of Aβ, plus the N-terminal region of Aβ, are present in the ~15-kDa, 6E10-immunoreactive species. These findings add to the catalog of AD-related Aβ/APP species found in CSF and should motivate further study to determine whether these species may serve as biomarkers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K. O. Grant
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Maureen Handoko
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Rozga
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Zahs
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KRZ); (PL)
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KRZ); (PL)
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44
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Cicognola C, Brinkmalm G, Wahlgren J, Portelius E, Gobom J, Cullen NC, Hansson O, Parnetti L, Constantinescu R, Wildsmith K, Chen HH, Beach TG, Lashley T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Höglund K. Novel tau fragments in cerebrospinal fluid: relation to tangle pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:279-296. [PMID: 30547227 PMCID: PMC6514201 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an axonal microtubule-binding protein. Tau pathology in brain and increased tau concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most of tau in CSF is present as fragments. We immunoprecipitated tau from CSF and identified several endogenous peptides ending at amino acid (aa) 123 or 224 using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We raised neo-epitope-specific antibodies against tau fragments specifically ending at aa 123 and 224, respectively. With these antibodies, we performed immunohistochemistry on brain tissue and designed immunoassays measuring N-123, N-224, and x-224 tau. Immunoassays were applied to soluble brain fractions from pathologically confirmed subjects (81 AD patients, 33 controls), CSF from three cross-sectional and two longitudinal cohorts (a total of 133 AD, 38 MCI, 20 MCI-AD, 31 PSP, 15 CBS patients, and 91 controls), and neuronally- and peripherally-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs and PDEVs, respectively) in serum from four AD patients and four controls. Anti-tau 224 antibody stained neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, while anti-tau 123 only showed weak cytoplasmic staining in AD. N-224 tau was lower in the AD soluble brain fraction compared to controls, while N-123 tau showed similar levels. N-224 tau was higher in AD compared to controls in all CSF cohorts (p < 0.001), but not N-123 tau. Decrease in cognitive performance and conversion from MCI to AD were associated with increased baseline CSF levels of N-224 tau (p < 0.0001). N-224 tau concentrations in PSP and CBS were significantly lower than in AD (p < 0.0001) and did not correlate to t-tau and p-tau. In a longitudinal cohort, CSF N-224 tau levels were stable over 6 months, with no significant effect of treatment with AChE inhibitors. N-224 tau was present in NDEVs, while N-123 tau showed comparable concentrations in both vesicle types. We suggest that N-123 tau is produced both in CNS and PNS and represents a general marker of tau metabolism, while N-224 tau is neuron-specific, present in the tangles, secreted in CSF, and upregulated in AD, suggesting a link between tau cleavage and propagation, tangle pathology, and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cicognola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wahlgren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Radu Constantinescu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Neurology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristin Wildsmith
- Biomarker Development Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chen
- Biomarker Discovery Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Kvartsberg H, Lashley T, Murray CE, Brinkmalm G, Cullen NC, Höglund K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Portelius E. The intact postsynaptic protein neurogranin is reduced in brain tissue from patients with familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:89-102. [PMID: 30244311 PMCID: PMC6338696 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic degeneration and neuronal loss are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurring long before symptom onset, thus making synaptic biomarkers relevant for enabling early diagnosis. The postsynaptic protein neurogranin (Ng) is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for AD, also in the prodromal phase. Here we tested the hypothesis that during AD neurodegeneration, processing of full-length Ng into endogenous peptides in the brain is increased. We characterized Ng in post-mortem brain tissue and investigated the levels of endogenous Ng peptides in relation to full-length protein in brain tissue of patients with sporadic (sAD) and familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD), healthy controls and individuals who were cognitively unaffected but amyloid-positive (CU-AP) in two different brain regions. Brain tissue from parietal cortex [sAD (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 10)] and temporal cortex [sAD (n = 9), fAD (n = 10), CU-AP (n = 13) and controls (n = 9)] were included and all the samples were analyzed by three different methods. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 39 endogenous Ng peptides were identified while full-length Ng was found to be modified including disulfide bridges or glutathione. In sAD parietal cortex, the ratio of peptide-to-total full-length Ng was significantly increased for eight endogenous Ng peptides compared to controls. In the temporal cortex, several of the peptide-to-total full-length Ng ratios were increased in both sAD and fAD cases compared to controls and CU-AP. This finding was confirmed by western blot, which mainly detects full-length Ng, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, most likely detecting a mix of peptides and full-length Ng. In addition, Ng was significantly associated with the degree of amyloid and tau pathology. These results suggest that processing of Ng into peptides is increased in AD brain tissue, which may reflect the ongoing synaptic degeneration, and which is also mirrored as increased levels of Ng peptides in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Christina E Murray
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Neurogeriatrics Division, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, S-431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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46
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Andreasson U, Kuhlmann J, Pannee J, Umek RM, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, Matzen A, Vandijck M, Dauwe M, Leinenbach A, Rutz S, Portelius E, Zegers I, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Commutability of the certified reference materials for the standardization of β-amyloid 1-42 assay in human cerebrospinal fluid: lessons for tau and β-amyloid 1-40 measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:2058-2066. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The core Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) and β-amyloid 1-40 (Aβ40) are increasing in importance and are now part of the research criteria for the diagnosis of the disease. The main aim of this study is to evaluate whether a set of certified reference materials (CRMs) are commutable for Aβ42 and to serve as a feasibility study for the other markers. This property is a prerequisite for the establishment of CRMs which will then be used by manufacturers to calibrate their assays against. Once the preanalytical factors have been standardized and proper selection criteria are available for subject cohorts this harmonization between methods will allow for universal cut-offs to be determined.
Methods:
Thirty-four individual CSF samples and three different CRMs where analyzed for T-tau, P-tau, Aβ42 and Aβ40, using up to seven different commercially available methods. For Aβ40 and Aβ42 a mass spectrometry-based procedure was also employed.
Results:
There were strong pairwise correlations between the different methods (Spearman’s ρ>0.92) for all investigated analytes and the CRMs were not distinguishable from the individual samples.
Conclusions:
This study shows that the CRMs are commutable for the different assays for Aβ42. For the other analytes the results show that it would be feasible to also produce CRMs for these. However, additional studies are needed as the concentration interval for the CRMs were selected based on Aβ42 concentrations only and did in general not cover satisfactory large concentration intervals for the other analytes.
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47
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Brinkmalm A, Portelius E, Brinkmalm G, Pannee J, Dahlén R, Gobom J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid-based proteomics targeted on pathophysiological processes and pathologies in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 151:417-434. [PMID: 30238462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias constitute a broad group of diseases in which abnormally folded proteins accumulate in specific brain regions and result in tissue reactions that eventually cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Depending on where in the brain this happens, symptoms appear which may be used to classify the disorders on clinical grounds. However, brain changes in neurodegenerative dementias start to accumulate many years prior to symptom onset and there is a poor correlation between the clinical picture and what pathology that is the most likely to cause it. Thus, novel drug candidates having disease-modifying effects that is targeting the underlying pathology and changes the course of the disease needs to be defined using objective biomarker-based measures since the clinical symptoms are often non-specific and overlap between different disorders. Furthermore, the treatment should ideally be initiated as soon as symptoms are evident or when biomarkers confirm an underlying pathology (pre-clinical phase of the disease) to reduce irreversible damage to, for example, neurons, synapses and axons. Clinical trials in the pre-clinical phase bring a greater importance to biomarkers since by definition the clinical effects are difficult or slow to discern in a population that is not yet clinically affected. Here, we discuss neuropathological changes that may underlie neurodegenerative dementias, including how they can be detected and quantified using currently available biofluid-based biomarkers and how more of them could be identified using targeted proteomics approaches. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rahil Dahlén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
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48
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Boersema PJ, Melnik A, Hazenberg BPC, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Kamiie J, Portelius E, Blennow K, Zubarev RA, Polymenidou M, Picotti P. Biology/Disease-Driven Initiative on Protein-Aggregation Diseases of the Human Proteome Project: Goals and Progress to Date. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:4072-4084. [PMID: 30137990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Biology/Disease-driven (B/D) working groups of the Human Proteome Project are alliances of research groups aimed at developing or improving proteomic tools to support specific biological or disease-related research areas. Here, we describe the activities and progress to date of the B/D working group focused on protein aggregation diseases (PADs). PADs are characterized by the intra- or extracellular accumulation of aggregated proteins and include devastating diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and systemic amyloidosis. The PAD B/D working group aims for the development of proteomic assays for the quantification of aggregation-prone proteins involved in PADs to support basic and clinical research on PADs. Because the proteins in PADs undergo aberrant conformational changes, a goal is to quantitatively resolve altered protein structures and aggregation states in complex biological specimens. We have developed protein-extraction protocols and a set of mass spectrometric (MS) methods that enable the detection and quantification of proteins involved in the systemic and localized amyloidosis and the probing of aberrant protein conformational transitions in cell and tissue extracts. In several studies, we have demonstrated the potential of MS-based proteomics approaches for specific and sensitive clinical diagnoses and for the subtyping of PADs. The developed methods have been detailed in both protocol papers and manuscripts describing applications to facilitate implementation by nonspecialized laboratories, and assay coordinates are shared through public repositories and databases. Clinicians actively involved in the PAD working group support the transfer to clinical practice of the developed methods, such as assays to quantify specific disease-related proteins and their fragments in biofluids and multiplexed MS-based methods for the diagnosis and typing of systemic amyloidosis. We believe that the increasing availability of tools to precisely measure proteins involved in PADs will positively impact research on the molecular bases of these diseases and support early disease diagnosis and a more-confident subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Boersema
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andre Melnik
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Lund University, BMC D13 , 221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Lund University, BMC D13 , 221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology , Azabu University , 1-17-71 Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5201 , Japan
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , S-431 80 Mölndal , Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal S-431 80 , Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , S-431 80 Mölndal , Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal S-431 80 , Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institute , 17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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49
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Portelius E, Olsson B, Höglund K, Cullen NC, Kvartsberg H, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Sandelius Å, Shaw LM, Lee VMY, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin A, Wolk DA, McCluskey L, Elman L, McBride J, Toledo JB, Trojanowski JQ, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin concentration in neurodegeneration: relation to clinical phenotypes and neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:363-376. [PMID: 29700597 PMCID: PMC6096740 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a post-synaptic protein that previously has been shown to be a biomarker for synaptic function when measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF concentration of Ng is increased in Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), and even in the pre-dementia stage. In this prospective study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that quantifies Ng in CSF to test the performance of Ng as a marker of synaptic function. In 915 patients, CSF Ng was evaluated across several different neurodegenerative diseases. Of these 915 patients, 116 had a neuropathologically confirmed definitive diagnosis and the relation between CSF Ng and topographical distribution of different pathologies in the brain was evaluated. CSF Ng was specifically increased in ADD compared to eight other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (p < 0.0001), frontotemporal dementia (p < 0.0001), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (p = 0.0002). Similar results were obtained in neuropathologically confirmed cases. Using a biomarker index to evaluate whether CSF Ng contributed diagnostic information to the core AD CSF biomarkers (amyloid β (Aβ), t-tau, and p-tau), we show that Ng significantly increased the discrimination between AD and several other disorders. Higher CSF Ng levels were positively associated with greater Aβ neuritic plaque (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuritic plaque score, p = 0.0002) and tau tangle pathology (Braak neurofibrillary tangles staging, p = 0.0007) scores. In the hippocampus and amygdala, two brain regions heavily affected in ADD with high expression of Ng, CSF Ng was associated with plaque (p = 0.0006 and p < 0.0001), but not with tangle, α-synuclein, or TAR DNA-binding protein 43 loads. These data support that CSF Ng is increased specifically in ADD, that high CSF Ng concentrations likely reflect synaptic dysfunction and that CSF Ng is associated with β-amyloid plaque pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Bob Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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50
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Becker B, Nazir FH, Brinkmalm G, Camporesi E, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Boström M, Kalm M, Höglund K, Olsson M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Alzheimer-associated cerebrospinal fluid fragments of neurogranin are generated by Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:47. [PMID: 30157938 PMCID: PMC6116393 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurogranin (Ng) is a small 7.6 kDa postsynaptic protein that has been detected at elevated concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both as a full-length molecule and as fragments from its C-terminal half. Ng is involved in postsynaptic calcium (Ca) signal transduction and memory formation via binding to calmodulin in a Ca-dependent manner. The mechanism of Ng secretion from neurons to CSF is currently unknown, but enzymatic cleavage of Ng may be of relevance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the enzymes responsible for the cleavage of Ng, yielding the Ng fragment pattern of C-terminal fragments detectable and increased in CSF of AD patients. Methods Fluorigenic quenched FRET probes containing sequences of Ng were utilized to identify Ng cleaving activities among enzymes known to have increased activity in AD and in chromatographically fractionated mouse brain extracts. Results Human Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase were identified as the candidate enzymes involved in the formation of endogenous Ng peptides present in CSF, cleaving mainly in the central region of Ng, and between amino acids 75_76 in the Ng sequence, respectively. The cleavage by Calpain-1 affects the IQ domain of Ng, which may deactivate or change the function of Ng in Ca2+/calmodulin -dependent signaling for synaptic plasticity. While shorter Ng fragments were readily cleaved in vitro by prolyl endopeptidase, the efficiency of cleavage on larger Ng fragments was much lower. Conclusions Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase cleave Ng in the IQ domain and near the C-terminus, respectively, yielding specific fragments of Ng in CSF. These fragments may give clues to the roles of increased activities of these enzymes in the pathophysiology of AD, and provide possible targets for pharmacologic intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0279-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Faisal Hayat Nazir
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martina Boström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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