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Grønning R, Jeppsson A, Hellström P, Laurell K, Farahmand D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Wikkelsø C, Tullberg M. Association between ventricular CSF biomarkers and outcome after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:77. [PMID: 37880775 PMCID: PMC10601279 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between neurochemical changes and outcome after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a treatable dementia and gait disorder, is unclear. We used baseline ventricular CSF to explore associations to outcome, after shunting, of biomarkers selected to reflect a range of pathophysiological processes. METHODS In 119 consecutive patients with iNPH, the iNPH scale was used before and after shunt surgery to quantify outcome. Ventricular CSF was collected perioperatively and analyzed for biomarkers of astrogliosis, axonal, amyloid and tau pathology, and synaptic dysfunction: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL40/CHI3L1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) neurofilament light (NfL), amyloid beta 38 (Aβ38), Aβ40, Aβ42, amyloid beta 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/40), soluble amyloid precursor protein alfa (sAPPα), sAPPβ, total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and neurogranin. RESULTS The neurogranin concentration was higher in improved (68%) compared to unimproved patients (median 365 ng/L (IQR 186-544) vs 330 (205-456); p = 0.046). A linear regression model controlled for age, sex and vascular risk factors including neurogranin, T-tau, and GFAP, resulted in adjusted R2 = 0.06, p = 0.047. The Aβ42/40 ratio was bimodally distributed across all samples, as well as in the subgroups of improved and unimproved patients but did not contribute to outcome prediction. The preoperative MMSE score was lower within the low Aβ ratio group (median 25, IQR 23-28) compared to the high subgroup (26, 24-29) (p = 0.028). The T-Tau x Aβ40/42 ratio and P-tau x Aβ40/42 ratio did not contribute to shunt response prediction. The prevalence of vascular risk factors did not affect shunt response. DISCUSSION A higher preoperative ventricular CSF level of neurogranin, which is a postsynaptic marker, may signal a favorable postoperative outcome. Concentrations of a panel of ventricular CSF biomarkers explained only 6% of the variability in outcome. Evidence of amyloid or tau pathology did not affect the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grønning
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Jeppsson
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Hellström
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Laurell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Farahmand
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Carsten Wikkelsø
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Tullberg
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 7, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Intrahippocampal Inoculation of Aβ 1-42 Peptide in Rat as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease Identified MicroRNA-146a-5p as Blood Marker with Anti-Inflammatory Function in Astrocyte Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050694. [PMID: 36899831 PMCID: PMC10000752 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aβ1-42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic events of the early onset of non-familial AD disorder. Aβ1-42 peptides in the hippocampus led to cognitive impairments associated with an astrogliosis and downregulation of circulating miRNA-146a-5p, -29a-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-5p, and-191-5p. We established the kinetics of expression of selected miRNAs and found differences with those detected in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model. Of note, miRNA-146a-5p was exclusively dysregulated in the Aβ-induced AD model. The treatment of primary astrocytes with Aβ1-42 peptides led to miRNA-146a-5p upregulation though the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn downregulated IRAK-1 but not TRAF-6 expression. As a consequence, no induction of IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α was detected. Astrocytes treated with a miRNA-146-5p inhibitor rescued IRAK-1 and changed TRAF-6 steady-state levels that correlated with the induction of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL1 production, indicating that miRNA-146a-5p operates anti-inflammatory functions through a NF-κB pathway negative feedback loop. Overall, we report a panel of circulating miRNAs that correlated with Aβ1-42 peptides' presence in the hippocampus and provide mechanistic insights into miRNA-146a-5p biological function in the development of the early stage of sporadic AD.
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Lukkarinen H, Vanninen A, Tesseur I, Pemberton D, Van Der Ark P, Kokkola T, Herukka SK, Rauramaa T, Hiltunen M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Leinonen V. Concordance of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Biomarkers Between Intraventricular and Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:305-319. [PMID: 36404546 PMCID: PMC9881032 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (P-tau181) are widely used. However, concentration gradient of these biomarkers between intraventricular (V-CSF) and lumbar CSF (L-CSF) has been demonstrated in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), potentially affecting clinical utility. OBJECTIVE Here we aim to provide conversion factors for clinical and research use between V-CSF and L-CSF. METHODS Altogether 138 iNPH patients participated. L-CSF samples were obtained prior to shunt surgery. Intraoperative V-CSF samples were obtained from 97 patients. Post-operative follow-up L- and V-CSF (shunt reservoir) samples of 41 patients were obtained 1-73 months after surgery and then after 3, 6, and 18 months. CSF concentrations of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau181 were analyzed using commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS Preoperative L-CSF Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau181 correlated to intraoperative V-CSF (ρ= 0.34-0.55, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were seen between postoperative L- and V-CSF for all biomarkers in every follow-up sampling point (ρs Aβ42: 0.77-0.88, T-tau: 0.91-0.94, P-tau181: 0.94-0.96, p < 0.0001). Regression equations were determined for intraoperative V- and preoperative L-CSF (Aβ42: V-CSF = 185+0.34*L-CSF, T-tau: Ln(V-CSF) = 3.11+0.49*Ln(L-CSF), P-tau181: V-CSF = 8.2+0.51*L-CSF), and for postoperative V- and L-CSF (Aβ42: V-CSF = 86.7+0.75*L-CSF, T-tau: V-CSF = 86.9+0.62*L-CSF, P-tau181: V-CSF = 2.6+0.74*L-CSF). CONCLUSION Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau181 correlate linearly in-between V- and L-CSF, even stronger after CSF shunt surgery. Equations presented here, provide a novel tool to use V-CSF for diagnostic and prognostic entities relying on the L-CSF concentrations and can be applicable to clinical use when L-CSF samples are not available or less invasively obtained shunt reservoir samples should be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Lukkarinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine – Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,Correspondence to: Heikki Lukkarinen, Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland. Tel.: +358 45 895 4260; E-mail:
| | - Aleksi Vanninen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine – Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ina Tesseur
- UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium,Janssen Research & Development, A division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Darrel Pemberton
- Janssen Research & Development, A division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Der Ark
- Janssen Research & Development, A division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden,
Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, UK,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine – Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Hansson O, Kumar A, Janelidze S, Stomrud E, Insel PS, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Fauman E, Hedman ÅK, Nagle MW, Whelan CD, Baird D, Mälarstig A, Mattsson‐Carlgren N. The genetic regulation of protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16359. [PMID: 36504281 PMCID: PMC9832827 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the genetic regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins may reveal pathways for treatment of neurological diseases. 398 proteins in CSF were measured in 1,591 participants from the BioFINDER study. Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were identified as associations between genetic variants and proteins, with 176 pQTLs for 145 CSF proteins (P < 1.25 × 10-10 , 117 cis-pQTLs and 59 trans-pQTLs). Ventricular volume (measured with brain magnetic resonance imaging) was a confounder for several pQTLs. pQTLs for CSF and plasma proteins were overall correlated, but CSF-specific pQTLs were also observed. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested causal roles for several proteins, for example, ApoE, CD33, and GRN in Alzheimer's disease, MMP-10 in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, SIGLEC9 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and CD38, GPNMB, and ADAM15 in Parkinson's disease. CSF levels of GRN, MMP-10, and GPNMB were altered in Alzheimer's disease, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, respectively. These findings point to pathways to be explored for novel therapies. The novel finding that ventricular volume confounded pQTLs has implications for design of future studies of the genetic regulation of the CSF proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Memory ClinicSkåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Atul Kumar
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Memory ClinicSkåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Philip S Insel
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden,Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
| | - Eric Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research UnitPfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalStockholmSweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Michael W Nagle
- Neurogenomics, Genetics‐Guided Dementia DiscoveryEisai, IncCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Denis Baird
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University HospitalLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalStockholmSweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson‐Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of Neurology, Skåne University HospitalLund UniversityLundSweden,Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
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Minta K, Jeppsson A, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Tullberg M, Andreasson U. Lumbar and ventricular CSF concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins before and after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33985551 PMCID: PMC8120927 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible CNS disease characterized by disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition might be involved in the pathophysiology of iNPH. The aim of this study was to explore possible differences between lumbar and ventricular CSF concentrations of the ECM markers brevican and neurocan, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and their relation to clinical symptoms in iNPH patients before and after shunt surgery. Methods Paired lumbar and ventricular CSF was collected from 31 iNPH patients, before and four months after shunt surgery. CSF was analysed for concentrations of tryptic peptides originating from brevican and neurocan using a mass spectrometry-based panel, and for MMP-1, -2, -9, -10 and TIMP-1 using fluorescent or electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. Results Brevican and neurocan peptide levels were not influenced by CSF origin, but MMP-1, -2, -10 and TIMP-1 were increased (p ≤ 0.0005), and MMP-9 decreased (p ≤ 0.0003) in lumbar CSF compared with ventricular CSF. There was a general trend of ECM proteins to increase following shunt surgery. Ventricular TIMP-1 was inversely correlated with overall symptoms (rho = − 0.62, p < 0.0001). CSF concentrations of the majority of brevican and neurocan peptides were increased in iNPH patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (p ≤ 0.001, AUC = 0.84–0.94) compared with those without. Conclusion Levels of the CNS-specific proteins brevican and neurocan did not differ between the lumbar and ventricular CSF, whereas the increase of several CNS-unspecific MMPs and TIMP-1 in lumbar CSF suggests contribution from peripheral tissues. The increase of ECM proteins in CSF following shunt surgery could indicate disturbed ECM dynamics in iNPH that are restored by restitution of CSF dynamics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-021-00256-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Anna Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute At UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mats Tullberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy At the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Lukkarinen H, Tesseur I, Pemberton D, Van Der Ark P, Timmers M, Slemmon R, Janssens L, Streffer J, Van Nueten L, Bottelbergs A, Rauramaa T, Koivisto AM, Herukka SK, Korhonen VE, Junkkari A, Hiltunen M, Engelborghs S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kolb HC, Leinonen V. Time Trends of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1629-1642. [PMID: 33720890 PMCID: PMC8150674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are seldom studied. Furthermore, data on biomarker gradient between lumbar (L-) and ventricular (V-) compartments seems to be discordant. OBJECTIVE To examine alteration of CSF biomarkers reflecting Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and early synaptic degeneration by CSF shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to AD-related changes in brain biopsy. In addition, biomarker levels in L- and V-CSF were compared. METHODS L-CSF was collected prior to shunt placement and, together with V-CSF, 3-73 months after surgery. Thereafter, additional CSF sampling took place at 3, 6, and 18 months after the baseline sample from 26 iNPH patients with confirmed Aβ plaques in frontal cortical brain biopsy and 13 iNPH patients without Aβ pathology. CSF Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau181), neurofilament light (NFL), and neurogranin (NRGN) were analyzed with customized ELISAs. RESULTS All biomarkers but Aβ42 increased notably by 140-810% in L-CSF after CSF diversion and then stabilized. Aβ42 instead showed divergent longitudinal decrease between Aβ-positive and -negative patients in L-CSF, and thereafter increase in Aβ-negative iNPH patients in both L- and V-CSF. All five biomarkers correlated highly between V-CSF and L-CSF (Aβ42 R = 0.87, T-tau R = 0.83, P-tau R = 0.92, NFL R = 0.94, NRGN R = 0.9; all p < 0.0001) but were systematically lower in V-CSF (Aβ42 14 %, T-tau 22%, P-tau 20%, NFL 32%, NRGN 19%). With APOE genotype-grouping, only Aβ42 showed higher concentration in non-carriers of allele ɛ4. CONCLUSION Longitudinal follow up shows that after an initial post-surgery increase, T-tau, P-tau, and NRGN are stable in iNPH patients regardless of brain biopsy Aβ pathology, while NFL normalized toward its pre-shunt levels. Aβ42 as biomarker seems to be the least affected by the surgical procedure or shunt and may be the best predictor of AD risk in iNPH patients. All biomarker concentrations were lower in V- than L-CSF yet showing strong correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Lukkarinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Darrel Pemberton
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Der Ark
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Janssens
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Van Nueten
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville E Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Junkkari
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine -Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Vinje V, Eklund A, Mardal KA, Rognes ME, Støverud KH. Intracranial pressure elevation alters CSF clearance pathways. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 32299464 PMCID: PMC7161287 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusion testing is a common procedure to determine whether shunting will be beneficial in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The method has a well-developed theoretical foundation and corresponding mathematical models that describe the CSF circulation from the choroid plexus to the arachnoid granulations. Here, we investigate to what extent the proposed glymphatic or paravascular pathway (or similar pathways) modifies the results of the traditional mathematical models. METHODS We used a compartment model to estimate pressure in the subarachnoid space and the paravascular spaces. For the arachnoid granulations, the cribriform plate and the glymphatic circulation, resistances were calculated and used to estimate pressure and flow before and during an infusion test. Finally, different variations to the model were tested to evaluate the sensitivity of selected parameters. RESULTS At baseline intracranial pressure (ICP), we found a very small paravascular flow directed into the subarachnoid space, while 60% of the fluid left through the arachnoid granulations and 40% left through the cribriform plate. However, during the infusion, 80% of the fluid left through the arachnoid granulations, 20% through the cribriform plate and flow in the PVS was stagnant. Resistance through the glymphatic system was computed to be 2.73 mmHg/(mL/min), considerably lower than other fluid pathways, giving non-realistic ICP during infusion if combined with a lymphatic drainage route. CONCLUSIONS The relative distribution of CSF flow to different clearance pathways depends on ICP, with the arachnoid granulations as the main contributor to outflow. As such, ICP increase is an important factor that should be addressed when determining the pathways of injected substances in the subarachnoid space. Our results suggest that the glymphatic resistance is too high to allow for pressure driven flow by arterial pulsations and at the same time too small to allow for a direct drainage route from PVS to cervical lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Vinje
- Department of Scientific Computing and Numerical Analysis, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway.
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kent-Andre Mardal
- Department of Scientific Computing and Numerical Analysis, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway.,Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie E Rognes
- Department of Scientific Computing and Numerical Analysis, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway
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Tadayon E, Pascual-Leone A, Press D, Santarnecchi E. Choroid plexus volume is associated with levels of CSF proteins: relevance for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 89:108-117. [PMID: 32107064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a major source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, with a direct and indirect role in protein clearance, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we tested the link between the ChP volume and levels of CSF proteins in 2 data sets of (i) healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 509), and (ii) healthy controls and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (N = 302). All patients had baseline CSF proteins (amyloid-β, total and phosphorylated-tau and α-synuclein (only in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative)). ChP was automatically segmented on 3T structural T1-weighted MRIs. We found negative associations between ChP volume and CSF proteins, which were stronger in healthy controls, early-MCI patients, and PD patients compared with late-MCI and AD patients. Further grouping of patients of ADNI dataset into amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative based on their florbetapir (AV45) PET imaging showed that the association between ChP volume and CSF proteins (t/p-tau) was lower in amyloid-positive group. Our findings support the possible role of ChP in the clearance of CSF proteins, provide evidence for ChP dysfunction in AD, and suggest the need to account for the ChP volume in future studies of CSF-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Tadayon
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Guttmann Institut, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Press
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Herrera-Espejo S, Santos-Zorrozua B, Álvarez-González P, Lopez-Lopez E, Garcia-Orad Á. A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression as Biomarker of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8376-8391. [PMID: 31240600 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a high-occurrence neurological disorder but the difficulty in identifying precise and early biomarkers has complicated the understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding novel molecular and biological candidates with diagnostic potential, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a key role in gene repression. The aim of this systematic review was to define the role of miRNAs' expression as biomarkers for LOAD both in brain tissues, which could help understand the biology of the disease, and circulating tissues, which could serve as non-invasive markers of the pathology. A systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PubMed using the keywords ((Alzheimer or Alzheimer's) and (microRNA or microRNAs or miRNA or miRNAs or miR)) until August 2018 to retrieve all articles that presented independent original data evaluating the impact of miRNA expression on the development of LOAD in human population. A total of 90 studies investigating the role of miRNAs' expression in the development of LOAD were identified. While other widely studied miRNAs such as hsa-miR-146a presented contradictory results among studies, deregulation in brain tissue of seven miRNAs, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-125-5p, hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-181-3p, and hsa-miR-212-3p, was consistently identified in LOAD patients. Their role in the disease could be mediated through the regulation of key pathways, such as axon guidance, longevity, insulin, and MAPK signaling pathway. However, regarding their role as non-invasive biomarkers of LOAD in fluids, although the limited results available are promising, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Herrera-Espejo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Borja Santos-Zorrozua
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Paula Álvarez-González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - África Garcia-Orad
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin with neprilysin and p-Tau antibodies induces superior neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:145-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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