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Wizner K, Journeay WS, Jolivet D, Ahle J. Mild traumatic brain injury caused by workplace violence in a US workers' compensation system. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:395-399. [PMID: 38981678 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2024-109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 81% of traumatic brain injury cases are considered to be mild (mTBI), but few studies have reviewed mTBI caused by workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to (1) determine the incidence of mTBI secondary to WPV in a statewide workers' compensation system using International Classification of Disease codes and (2) analyse and compare factors associated with return-to-work outcomes between WPV mTBI cases versus other mechanisms. METHODS Using a retrospective cohort of claims data from the California Workers' Compensation Information System during 2015-2019, cases with a return-to-work date were classified as WPV if the injury description contained keywords such as assault, gunpoint, harassed, intimidated, punch, threat, robbery, violent or verbal abuse. RESULTS Of the 14 089 mTBI claims analysed in this study, 11.2% were caused by WPV. When comparing WPV to non-WPV claims, the variables with statistically significant (p≤0.001) differences were age, income, industry and job class. There were no significant differences between groups for leave duration. In a linear mixed model, the variable of interest (WPV) was not associated with recovery duration after adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine WPV mTBI claims in the USA. The findings suggest that the public administration, education and healthcare and social services industries are at higher risk for WPV mTBI. WPV and job class were the only modifiable factors in the model and therefore should be the focus of additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Shane Journeay
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Providence Healthcare - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Taylor S, Brayan K, Storch B, Suh Y, Walsh S, Avrith N, Wyler B, Cropano C, Dams-O'Connor K. Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1494-1508. [PMID: 38204190 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Disparities exist in the populations that acquire TBIs, however, with a greater burden and poorer outcomes associated with communities of color and lower socioeconomic status. To combat health inequities such as these, institutions have begun to target social determinants of health (SDoH), which are environmental factors that affect health outcomes and risks. The SDoH may play a role in sustaining a TBI and provide modifiable targets for action to reduce the risk of TBI, especially in high-risk communities. In this study, we describe the existing literature regarding SDoH and their association with sustaining a TBI. We performed a scoping review with a comprehensive search of the Ovid MEDLINE/Embase databases. To summarize the literature, this review adapts the World Health Organization's Commission on SDoH's conceptual framework. Fifty-nine full-text articles, including five focusing on lower and middle-income countries, met our study criteria. Results of the scoping review indicate that several structural determinants of health were associated with TBI risk. Lower educational attainment and income levels were associated with higher odds of TBI. In addition, multiple studies highlight that minority populations were identified as having higher odds of TBI than their White counterparts. Literature highlighting intermediate determinants of health examined in this review describes associations between sustaining a TBI and rurality, work environment, medical conditions, medication/substance use, and adversity. Recommended exploration into lesser-researched SDoH is discussed, and the expansion of this review to other aspects of the TBI continuum is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameeke Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kira Brayan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bess Storch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Young Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Walsh
- Levy Library, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nita Avrith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Wyler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catrina Cropano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Snow C, Baldwin B, Hurst M, Colantonio A, Mollayeva T. Utility of Person-Environment-Occupation model in exploring sex-specific causes of work-related traumatic brain injury: a retrospective chart review. Brain Inj 2023; 37:485-493. [PMID: 36919536 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2187087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related traumatic brain injury (wr-TBI) is on the rise. The pre-injury period, a significant consideration for preventive initiatives, is largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES To identify Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) variables associated with wr-TBI to inform sex-specific primary prevention. METHODS Retrospective chart review data were analyses. Two-tailed t-test and chi-squared tests were used to study sex differences. Multivariate logistic regression models of wr-TBI were fit with a priori defined PEO variables. RESULTS The sample comprised 330 consecutive workers with wr-TBI (40.8 ± 11.1 years old, 71% male). Sex differences were observed across PEO variables. In multivariable logistic regression analyses the odds of sustaining a wr-TBI from a fall increased with the presence of a mood disorder and participation in non-labourer occupations (odds ratio (OR) 2.89 (95% CI 1.06-7.89) and OR 2.89 (95% CI 1.06-7.89), respectively) and decreased being a male (OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.17-0.54)). The odds of sustaining a wr-TBI from being striken by an object was greater in workers with prior head injury (OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.24-6.45)). None of the variables studied were associated with wr-TBI sustained from being striken against an object. CONCLUSIONS Workers' health status pre-injury is associated with external causes of wr-TBI. Sex differences across PEO categories warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Snow
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bristol Baldwin
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Hurst
- KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tatyana Mollayeva
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home professionals belong to one of the most vulnerable occupational groups when it comes to type II workplace violence. Cared-for elders carry out violent actions that affect both the health of professionals and the organisation and services provided in nursing homes. Taking notice of this phenomenon and getting to know its magnitude is the first step for preventive action and intervention to take place. In Catalonia, it was the medical community that started to notice workplace violence. However, the frequency of this phenomenon had not been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out with the main goal of learning about the phenomenon of type II workplace violence in nursing homes. METHODS 433 nursing home professionals of Catalonia volunteered to take part in this study. They remained anonymous and their data was treated confidentially. RESULTS 68.6%(IC 95%: 64.1-73.1) of the nursing home professionals admitted to having been attacked by the senior citizens residing in these nursing homes. The occupation and self-perceived stress level of the professionals were related to the consideration of aggression. Verbal abuse was the type of aggression that targeted professionals reported the most. In 61.3 %of the cases, they were attacked by both male and female patients. CONCLUSION The results of the study reveal that nursing home professionals are assaulted and/or attacked by the residents they tend to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vidal-Martí
- Faculty of Education, Universitat de Barcelona, Ed. Llevant, 2a pl. Pg de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain E-mail: ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-1913
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5
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Toccalino D, Colantonio A, Chan V. Update on the epidemiology of work-related traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:769-776. [PMID: 33380517 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health concern that can occur in a range of contexts. Work-related TBI (wrTBI) is particularly concerning. Despite overall work-related injury claims decreasing, the proportion of claims that are wrTBI have increased, suggesting prevention and support of wrTBI requires ongoing attention. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to provide updated information on the burden and risk factors of wrTBI among the working adult population. METHODS Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched using a combination of TBI, work, and epidemiology text words and medical subject headings. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate prevalence and mortality of wrTBI and a narrative synthesis was conducted to provide additional context. RESULTS Pooled proportions meta-analyses estimate that 17.9% of TBIs were work-related and 6.3% of work-related injuries resulted in TBI, with 3.6% of wrTBI resulting in death. Populations of wrTBI were predominantly male (76.2%) and were 40.4 years of age, on average. The most commonly reported industries for wrTBI were education and training, healthcare and social assistance, construction, manufacturing, and transportation. Falls, being struck by an object or person, motor vehicle collisions, and assaults were the most commonly reported mechanisms of wrTBI. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the epidemiology of wrTBI can inform prevention and management strategies. This review highlights existing gaps, including a notable lack of sex or gender stratified data, to direct future investigation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020169642.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Toccalino
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,KITE -Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincy Chan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,KITE -Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Vartanian O, Tenn C, Rhind SG, Nakashima A, Di Battista AP, Sergio LE, Gorbet DJ, Fraser DD, Colantonio A, King K, Lam Q, Saunders D, Jetly R. Blast in Context: The Neuropsychological and Neurocognitive Effects of Long-Term Occupational Exposure to Repeated Low-Level Explosives on Canadian Armed Forces' Breaching Instructors and Range Staff. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588531. [PMID: 33343492 PMCID: PMC7744759 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is strong interest within the military to better understand the effects of long-term occupational exposure to repeated low-level blast on health and performance. To gain traction on the chronic sequelae of blast, we focused on breaching—a tactical technique for gaining entry into closed/blocked spaces by placing explosives and maintaining a calculated safe distance from the detonation. Using a cross-sectional design, we compared the neuropsychological and neurocognitive profiles of breaching instructors and range staff to sex- and age-matched Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) controls. Univariate tests demonstrated that breaching was associated with greater post-concussive symptoms (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire) and lower levels of energy (RAND SF-36). In addition, breaching instructors and range staff were slower on a test that requires moving and thinking simultaneously (i.e., cognitive-motor integration). Next, using a multivariate approach, we explored the impact of other possible sources of injury, including concussion and prior war-zone deployment on the same outcomes. Concussion history was associated with higher post-concussive scores and musculoskeletal problems, whereas deployment was associated with higher post-concussive scores, but lower energy and greater PTSD symptomatology (using PCL-5). Our results indicate that although breaching, concussion, and deployment were similarly correlated with greater post-concussive symptoms, concussion history appears to be uniquely associated with altered musculoskeletal function, whereas deployment history appears to be uniquely associated with lower energy and risk of PTSD. We argue that the broader injury context must, therefore, be considered when studying the impact of repetitive low-level explosives on health and performance in military members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Vartanian
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Tenn
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Nakashima
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex P Di Battista
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E Sergio
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diana J Gorbet
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kristen King
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Quan Lam
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Saunders
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Shafi R, Smith PM, Colantonio A. Assault predicts time away from work after claims for work-related mild traumatic brain injury. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:471-478. [PMID: 31126965 PMCID: PMC6585268 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace violence carries a substantial economic loss burden. Up to 10% of all traumatic brain injury (TBI) admissions result from physical assault. There remains a paucity of research on assault as a mechanism of injury, taking into account sex, and its association with work re-entry. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise, by sex, the sample of workers who had sustained a work-related mild TBI (wr-mTBI) and to assess the independent influence of assault, as a mechanism of injury, on time away from work. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort of workers' compensation claimants in Australia (n=3129) who had sustained a wr-mTBI was used for this study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed whether workers who had sustained wr-mTBI as a result of assault (wr-mTBI-assault) were more likely to claim time off work compared with workers who had sustained a wr-mTBI due to other mechanisms. RESULTS Among claimants who sustained a wr-mTBI, 9% were as a result of assault. The distribution of demographic and vocational variables differed between the wr-mTBI-assault, and not due to assault, both in the full sample, and separately for men and women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, workers who sustained wr-mTBI-assault, compared with other mechanisms, were more likely to take days off work (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.99) within a 3-month timeframe. CONCLUSION The results have policy-related implications. Sex-specific and workplace-specific prevention strategies need to be considered and provisions to support return-to-work and well-being within this vulnerable cohort should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Shafi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Sharma B, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Mollayeva T, Kontos P, Grigorovich A, Liss G, Gibson B, Mantis S, Lewko J, Colantonio A. Work-related traumatic brain injury: A brief report on workers perspective on job and health and safety training, supervision, and injury preventability. Work 2019; 62:319-325. [PMID: 30829642 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although work-related injuries are on the decline, rates of work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) continue to rise. As even mild wrTBI can result in cognitive, behavioural, and functional impairments that can last for months and even years, injury prevention is a primary research focus. Administrative claims data have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms that cause wrTBI; however, data from the perspective of injured workers on wrTBI prevention is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to better understand the factors that precipitate wrTBI, as perceived by injured workers. METHODS We recruited 101 injured workers from a neurology services clinic with a province-wide catchment area in a large, urban teaching hospital and studied perceived preventability of these injuries from the injured workers' perspective. RESULTS Key findings were that nearly 80% of injuries were perceived as preventable, and nearly 25% and 50% of workers reported that they did not receive job and health and safety training, respectively. Less than half of all workers reported being regularly supervised, and of those who were supervised, approximately two-thirds reported that supervision was adequate. Moreover, 84% and 77% reported they were advised to rest and take time-off after the injury, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that the vast majority of injured workers consider their wrTBI to be preventable. In addition, we found that training and supervision are two areas that can be targeted by wrTBI prevention strategies. Our study provides valuable and unique perspectives to consider when designing wrTBI prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatyana Mollayeva
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pia Kontos
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alisa Grigorovich
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Liss
- University of Toronto, Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Gibson
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Mantis
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Lewko
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Mollayeva T, Mollayeva S, Colantonio A. Traumatic brain injury: sex, gender and intersecting vulnerabilities. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:711-722. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Mollayeva T, El-Khechen-Richandi G, Colantonio A. Sex & gender considerations in concussion research. Concussion 2018; 3:CNC51. [PMID: 30202593 PMCID: PMC6094024 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of concussion, a common form of mild traumatic brain injury, has received increased notice over the last decade. Recently, more researchers have been addressing the historic paucity of attention over sex and gender influences on recovery outcomes after concussion. This development has led to exciting progress in our understanding of concussion incidence and outcomes. In this review, we will report on new findings from varying studies on sex differences in the epidemiology of concussion and clinical manifestations of mild traumatic brain injury/concussion, further discussing some key issues related to the integration of sex and gender in concussion research in a broad range of contexts, with recommendations to guide future research, along with sex- and gender-sensitive policy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Mollayeva
- Acquired Brain Injury Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Graziella El-Khechen-Richandi
- Acquired Brain Injury Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Acquired Brain Injury Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
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Amodio V, Bruch H, Mollayeva T, Colantonio A. Using the narratives of Ontarians with a work-related traumatic brain injury to inform injury prevention: A mixed methods approach. Work 2017; 56:563-570. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-172525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Amodio
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Bruch
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tatyana Mollayeva
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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