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Westmark PR, Lyon G, Gutierrez A, Boeck B, Van Hammond O, Ripp N, Pagan-Torres NA, Brower J, Held PK, Scarlett C, Westmark CJ. Effects of Soy Protein Isolate on Fragile X Phenotypes in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:284. [PMID: 38257177 PMCID: PMC10819477 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pediatric epidemic that is more prevalent in children with developmental disabilities. We hypothesize that soy protein-based diets increase weight gain and alter neurobehavioral outcomes. Our objective herein was to test matched casein- and soy protein-based purified ingredient diets in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome, Fmr1KO mice. The experimental methods included assessment of growth; 24-7 activity levels; motor coordination; learning and memory; blood-based amino acid, phytoestrogen and glucose levels; and organ weights. The primary outcome measure was body weight. We find increased body weight in male Fmr1KO from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P224, male wild type (WT) from P32-P39, female Fmr1KO from P6-P18 and P168-P224, and female Fmr1HET from P9-P18 as a function of soy. Activity at the beginning of the light and dark cycles increased in female Fmr1HET and Fmr1KO mice fed soy. We did not find significant differences in rotarod or passive avoidance behavior as a function of genotype or diet. Several blood-based amino acids and phytoestrogens were significantly altered in response to soy. Liver weight was increased in WT and adipose tissue in Fmr1KO mice fed soy. Activity levels at the beginning of the light cycle and testes weight were greater in Fmr1KO versus WT males irrespective of diet. DEXA analysis at 8-months-old indicated increased fat mass and total body area in Fmr1KO females and lean mass and bone mineral density in Fmr1KO males fed soy. Overall, dietary consumption of soy protein isolate by C57BL/6J mice caused increased growth, which could be attributed to increased lean mass in males and fat mass in females. There were sex-specific differences with more pronounced effects in Fmr1KO versus WT and in males versus females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Greg Lyon
- Undergraduate Research Scholars Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (G.L.); (O.V.H.)
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez
- Molecular Environmental Toxicology Master’s Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Brynne Boeck
- Neurology Undergraduate Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (B.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Olivia Van Hammond
- Undergraduate Research Scholars Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (G.L.); (O.V.H.)
| | - Nathan Ripp
- Neurology Undergraduate Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (B.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicole Arianne Pagan-Torres
- Molecular Environmental Toxicology Summer Research Opportunities Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - James Brower
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.B.); (P.K.H.)
| | - Patrice K. Held
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.B.); (P.K.H.)
| | - Cameron Scarlett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Cara J. Westmark
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cen Y, Feng D, Kowsar R, Cheng Z, Luo Y, Xiao Q. Sex-Specific Variations in the mRNA Levels of Candidate Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Diabetes: A Multistep Study. Endocr Res 2024; 49:59-74. [PMID: 37947760 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2280571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent diseases that also show sexual dimorphism in many different aspects. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to distinguish the mRNA expression of genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in men or women with T2D using a multistep analysis. METHODS A total of 95 patients with T2D were compared based on their sex in terms of clinical variables and mRNA expression in their PBMCs. RESULTS Men with T2D had lower LDLC, HDLC, and HbA1c values in their blood, but greater creatinine levels. In men with T2D, TLR4, CCR2, NOX2, and p67phox mRNA expression was greater, but IL6 and NF-κB mRNA expression was lesser in PBMCs. There was a link between fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, and hs-CRP, as well as COX1 mRNA in men with T2D. In women with T2D, FPG was associated with the mRNA expression of THBS1 and p67phox, as well as triglycerides and HDLC levels. We found the exclusive effect of FPG on HDLC, HbA1c, as well as p67phox mRNA in PBMCs of women with T2D. Analysis revealed the exclusive effect of FPG on hs-CRP and PAFR mRNA in PBMCs of men with T2D. FPG was shown to be associated with body mass index, hs-CRP, triglycerides, and COX1 mRNA in men with T2D, and with serum triglycerides, THSB1, and p67phox mRNA in women with T2D, according to network analysis. HbA1c was linked with NF-κB mRNA in women with T2D. CONCLUSIONS Using a multistep analysis, it was shown that network analysis outperformed traditional analytic techniques in identifying sex-specific alterations in mRNA gene expression in PBMCs of T2D patients. The development of sex-specific therapeutic approaches may result from an understanding of these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Cen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dana Feng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Guantian Community Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Guantian Community Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyu Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Lee NH, Jeong SJ, Wang JH, Choi YJ, Oh HM, Cho JH, Ahn YC, Son CG. The Clinical Diagnosis-Based Nationwide Epidemiology of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease in Korea. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7634. [PMID: 38137703 PMCID: PMC10744038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most epidemiological studies have been conducted using a relatively small population or subjects who had medical screenings, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of MASLD (formerly NAFLD) in Korea using nationwide registry data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). METHODS Using nationwide medical records provided by HIRA, we analyzed the entire dataset of patients with MASL (KCD10-K76.0) and MASH (KCD10-K75.8) from 2010 to 2021 and calculated the incidence and prevalence by year, age, and gender. The prevalence and incidence rates were calculated by analyzing the HIRA data covering almost the entire population of Korea for 12 years, from 2010 to 2021, with an average population of 50,856,244 during this period. Statistical analyses included calculating confidence intervals using Ulm's formula and conducting sex- and age-specific analyses with a Cochran-Armitage test for trends. RESULTS The annual incidence of MASL/MASH increased significantly from 9.71/0.37 in 2010 to 13.95/5.52 per 1000 persons in 2021 (p < 0.01). The annual prevalence of MASL increased from 15.69 in 2010 to 34.23 per 1000 persons in 2021, while the annual prevalence of MASH increased from 0.49 to 9.79 per 1000 persons between 2010 and 2021 (p < 0.01). Regarding the sex-dimorphic feature of MASLD, there was a male predominance in those < 50 years old but a female predominance in those ≥ 50 years old for the incidence and prevalence of MASL and the incidence of MASH. CONCLUSION The incidence of MASL increased by 3% to 4% every year, while the incidence of MASH increased 14.91-fold from 2010 to 2021. The increasing trend is noteworthy compared with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hun Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Cheonan Korean Medical Hospital, Daejeon University, 4 Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31099, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seok-Ju Jeong
- Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Dunsanbuk-ro 121, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35236, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Hyeon-Muk Oh
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 35620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver-Immunology Research Center, Daejeon University, 176 Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.W.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-M.O.); (J.-H.C.)
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Ghosh B, Chengala PP, Shah S, Chen D, Karnam V, Wilmsen K, Yeung-Luk B, Sidhaye VK. Cigarette smoke-induced injury induces distinct sex-specific transcriptional signatures in mice tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L467-L476. [PMID: 37605829 PMCID: PMC10639008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is crucial for defending against respiratory insults and diseases. Disruption of epithelial integrity contributes to respiratory diseases, and sex-specific differences in susceptibility and severity have been observed. However, sex-specific differences in the context of respiratory diseases are often overlooked, especially in murine models. In this study, we investigated the in vitro transcriptomics of male and female murine tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) in response to chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure using an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) puff regimen. Our findings reveal sex-specific differences in the baseline characteristics of airway epithelial cells. Female mTECs demonstrated stronger barrier function and higher ciliary function compared with males. The barrier function was disrupted in both males and females following chronic CS, but the difference was more significant in females due to their higher baseline. Female mice exhibited transcriptional signatures suggesting dedifferentiation with increased basal cells and markers of cellular senescence. Pathway analysis indicated potential protective roles of planar cell polarity (PCP) in preventing dedifferentiation in male mice exposed to CS. We also observed sex-specific differences in the DNA damage response and antioxidant levels, suggesting distinct mechanisms underlying cellular stress. Understanding these sex-specific mechanisms could facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for lung diseases associated with environmental insults. Recognizing sex-based differences in disease susceptibility and treatment response can lead to personalized care and improved outcomes. Clinical trials should consider sex as a biological variable to develop effective interventions that address the unique differences between men and women in respiratory diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study underscores the importance of considering sex-specific differences in the airway epithelium in respiratory diseases such as COPD. Differences in gene expression between males and females at baseline and in response to chronic injury in the airway epithelium could have implications on disease susceptibility, both in COPD and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies to treat respiratory diseases based on a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Pratulya Pragadaraju Chengala
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sonya Shah
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Chen
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Karnam
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kai Wilmsen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bonnie Yeung-Luk
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Ledesma-Corvi S, García-Fuster MJ. Aromatase Inhibition and Electroconvulsive Seizures in Adolescent Rats: Antidepressant and Long-Term Cognitive Sex Differences. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:607-615. [PMID: 37559395 PMCID: PMC10519810 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently showed sex differences in the antidepressant-like potential of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) in adolescent rats; whereas it worked for male rats, it was inefficacious in females. Because sex steroids might be important modulators of these sex disparities, we evaluated the role of estrogens in the differential response induced by adolescent ECS. Moreover, given the literature suggesting certain cognitive sequelae from ECS exposure, we aimed at evaluating its long-term safety profile in adulthood. METHODS Adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 mL/kg/day) for 8 days (i.p.) and treated during the last 5 days (3 hours later) with ECS (95 mA, 0.6 s, 100 Hz) or SHAM. Antidepressant-like responses were measured in the forced swim test, and long-term cognitive performance was assessed in the Barnes maze. RESULTS During adolescence, whereas ECS alone exerted an antidepressant-like response in male rats, its combination with letrozole permitted ECS to also induce efficacy in females. Moreover, adolescent ECS treatment improved cognitive performance in adulthood although exclusively in male rats. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent ECS demonstrated an antidepressant-like potential together with certain long-term beneficial cognitive effects but exclusively in male rats. For females, efficacy was restricted to a situation in which the biosynthesis of estrogens was reduced. Therefore, estrogens and/or testosterone levels play a crucial role in the sex disparities induced by ECS in Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on this study and on the literature supporting its safety, ECS should be encouraged for use in cases of treatment-resistant depression during adolescence, while adhering to sex-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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Sánchez Marrero G, Villa-Roel N, Li F, Park C, Kang DW, Hekman KE, Jo H, Brewster LP. Single-Cell RNA sequencing investigation of female-male differences under PAD conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1251141. [PMID: 37745110 PMCID: PMC10512722 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1251141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an age-related medical condition affecting mostly muscular arteries of the limb. It is the 3rd leading cause of atherosclerotic morbidity. The mechanical environment of endothelial cells (ECs) in PAD is characterized by disturbed blood flow (d-flow) and stiff extracellular matrices. In PAD, the stiffness of arteries is due to decreased elastin function and increased collagen content. These flow and stiffness parameters are largely missing from current models of PAD. It has been previously proven that ECs exposed to d-flow or stiff substrates lead to proatherogenic pathways, but the effect of both, d-flow and stiffness, on EC phenotype has not been fully investigated. In this study, we sought to explore the effect of sex on proatherogenic pathways that could result from exposing endothelial cells to a d-flow and stiff environment. We utilized the scRNA-seq tool to analyze the gene expression of ECs exposed to the different mechanical conditions both in vitro and in vivo. We found that male ECs exposed to different mechanical stimuli presented higher expression of genes related to fibrosis and d-flow in vitro. We validated our findings in vivo by exposing murine carotid arteries to d-flow via partial carotid artery ligation. Since women have delayed onset of arterial stiffening and subsequent PAD, this work may provide a framework for some of the pathways in which biological sex interacts with sex-based differences in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloriani Sánchez Marrero
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine E. Hekman
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Luke P. Brewster
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
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Leo C, Fredriksson A, Grumert E, Linder A, Schachner M, Tidborg F, Klug C. Holistic pedestrian safety assessment for average males and females. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199949. [PMID: 37670838 PMCID: PMC10476492 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective An integrated assessment framework that enables holistic safety evaluations addressing vulnerable road users (VRU) is introduced and applied in the current study. The developed method enables consideration of both active and passive safety measures and distributions of real-world crash scenario parameters. Methods The likelihood of a specific virtual testing scenario occurring in real life has been derived from accident databases scaled to European level. Based on pre-crash simulations, it is determined how likely it is that scenarios could be avoided by a specific Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system. For the unavoidable cases, probabilities for specific collision scenarios are determined, and the injury risk for these is determined, subsequently, from in-crash simulations with the VIVA+ Human Body Models combined with the created metamodel for an average male and female model. The integrated assessment framework was applied for the holistic assessment of car-related pedestrian protection using a generic car model to assess the safety benefits of a generic AEB system combined with current passive safety structures. Results In total, 61,914 virtual testing scenarios have been derived from the different car-pedestrian cases based on real-world crash scenario parameters. Considering the occurrence probability of the virtual testing scenarios, by implementing an AEB, a total crash risk reduction of 81.70% was achieved based on pre-crash simulations. It was shown that 50 in-crash simulations per load case are sufficient to create a metamodel for injury prediction. For the in-crash simulations with the generic vehicle, it was also shown that the injury risk can be reduced by implementing an AEB, as compared to the baseline scenarios. Moreover, as seen in the unavoidable cases, the injury risk for the average male and female is the same for brain injuries and femoral shaft fractures. The average male has a higher risk of skull fractures and fractures of more than three ribs compared to the average female. The average female has a higher risk of proximal femoral fractures than the average male. Conclusions A novel methodology was developed which allows for movement away from the exclusive use of standard-load case assessments, thus helping to bridge the gap between active and passive safety evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leo
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ellen Grumert
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Astrid Linder
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mechanics and Maritime Science, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Schachner
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Fredrik Tidborg
- Volvo Car Corporation, Torslanda HABVS-VAK, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Corina Klug
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Gupta S, Jinka SKA, Khanal S, Bhavnani N, Almashhori F, Lallo J, Mathias A, Al-Rhayyel Y, Herman D, Holden JG, Fleming SM, Raman P. Cognitive dysfunction and increased phosphorylated tau are associated with reduced O-GlcNAc signaling in an aging mouse model of metabolic syndrome. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1324-1344. [PMID: 37031439 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by hyperglycemia, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, can increase the risk of developing late-onset dementia. Recent studies in patients and mouse models suggest a putative link between hyperphosphorylated tau, a component of Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (ADRD) pathology, and cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Impaired glucose metabolism reduces glucose flux through the hexosamine metabolic pathway triggering attenuated O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification. The goal of the current study was to investigate the link between cognitive function, tau pathology, and O-GlcNAc signaling in an aging mouse model of MetS, agouti KKAy+/- . Male and female C57BL/6, non-agouti KKAy-/- , and agouti KKAy+/- mice were aged 12-18 months on standard chow diet. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured to confirm the MetS phenotype. Cognition, sensorimotor function, and emotional reactivity were assessed for each genotype followed by plasma and brain tissue collection for biochemical and molecular analyses. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in agouti KKAy+/- mice versus C57BL/6 controls and non-agouti KKAy-/- . Behaviorally, agouti KKAy+/- revealed impairments in sensorimotor and cognitive function versus age-matched C57BL/6 and non-agouti KKAy-/- mice. Immunoblotting demonstrated increased phosphorylated tau accompanied with reduced O-GlcNAc protein expression in hippocampal-associated dorsal midbrain of female agouti KKAy+/- versus C57BL/6 control mice. Together, these data demonstrate that impaired cognitive function and AD-related pathology are associated with reduced O-GlcNAc signaling in aging MetS KKAy+/- mice. Overall, our study suggests that interaction of tau pathology with O-GlcNAc signaling may contribute to MetS-induced cognitive dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Gupta
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay K A Jinka
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Saugat Khanal
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Bhavnani
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Fayez Almashhori
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Lallo
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Mathias
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasmine Al-Rhayyel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Danielle Herman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - John G Holden
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sheila M Fleming
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Engler D, Schnabel RB, Neumann FA, Zyriax BC, Makarova N. Sex-Specific Dietary Patterns and Social Behaviour in Low-Risk Individuals. Nutrients 2023; 15:1832. [PMID: 37111050 PMCID: PMC10146290 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and social behaviour are non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Non-communicable diseases are related to dietary patterns. To date, little is known about how social behaviour is associated with health-related dietary patterns, and, in particular, we lack information about the role of sex within this possible relation. Our cross-sectional study investigated associations between dietary patterns and social behaviour including personality traits (self-control, risk taking), political preferences (conservative, liberal, ecological, social) and altruism (willingness to donate, club membership, time discounting) in men and women. We performed sex-specific correlation analyses to investigate relationships between dietary patterns based on self-reported protocols from the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the validated Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from the EPIC Study and a self-reported social behaviour questionnaire. In linear regression models, we analysed associations between dietary and social behaviour patterns. Sex differences were measured by interaction analysis for each social behaviour item. The study sample consisted of N = 102 low-risk individuals. The median age of the study participants was 62.4 (25th/75th percentile 53.6, 69.1) years, and 26.5% were women. Analyses showed that a lower HEI score was correlated with a higher BMI in both women and men. MEDAS and HEI showed a positive correlation with each other in men. In men, a higher MEDAS showed a positive correlation when they estimated their ability as high, with the same for self-control and preference for ecological politics and MEDAS. A weak negative correlation has been shown between men with a preference for conservative politics and MEDAS. HEI showed a positive significant correlation with age in men. Male participants without club membership scored significantly higher in the HEI compared to non-members. A negative correlation was shown for time discounting in men. Linear regression models showed positive associations between preferences for ecological-oriented politics and nutrition for both HEI and MEDAS. No sex interactions were observed. We faced a few limitations, such as a small sample size, particularly for women, and a limited age spectrum in a European cohort. However, assuming that individuals with a preference for ecological-oriented politics act ecologically responsibly, our findings indicate that ecological behaviour in low-risk individuals might determine, at least in part, a healthy diet. Furthermore, we observed dietary patterns such as higher alcohol consumption in men or higher intake of butter, margarine and cream in women that indicate that women and men may have different needs for nutritional improvement. Thus, further investigations are needed to better understand how social behaviour affects nutrition, which could help to improve health. Our findings have the potential to inform researchers and practitioners who investigate the nature of the relationship between social behaviour and dietary patterns to implement strategies to create first-stage changes in health behaviour for individuals with a low cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UHZ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UHZ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Alexander Neumann
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Makarova
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Yan H, Talty R, Jain A, Cai Y, Zheng J, Shen X, Muca E, Paty PB, Bosenberg MW, Khan SA, Johnson CH. Discovery of decreased ferroptosis in male colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.28.530478. [PMID: 36909561 PMCID: PMC10002683 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant tumor metabolism is a hallmark of cancer in which metabolic rewiring can support tumor growth under nutrient deficient conditions. KRAS mutations occur in 35-45% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and are difficult to treat. The relationship between mutant KRAS and aberrant metabolism in CRCs has not been fully explored and could be a target for intervention. We previously acquired non-targeted metabolomics data from 161 tumor tissues and 39 normal colon tissues from stage I-III chemotherapy naïve CRC patients. In this study, we revealed that tumors from male patients with KRAS mutations only, had several altered pathways that suppress ferroptosis, including glutathione biosynthesis, transsulfuration activity, and methionine metabolism. To validate this phenotype, MC38 CRC cells (KRAS G13R ) were treated with a ferroptosis inducer; RAS-selected lethal (RSL3). RSL3 altered metabolic pathways in the opposite direction to that seen in KRAS mutant tumors from male patients confirming a suppressed ferroptosis metabolic phenotype in these patients. We further validated gene expression data from an additional CRC patient cohort (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and similarly observed differences in ferroptosis-related genes by sex and KRAS status. Further examination of the relationship between these genes and overall survival (OS) in the GEO cohort showed that KRAS mutant tumors are associated with poorer 5-year OS compared to KRAS wild type tumors, and only in male patients. Additionally, high compared to low expression of GPX4, FTH1, FTL , which suppressed ferroptosis, were associated with poorer 5-year OS only in KRAS mutant tumors from male CRC patients. Low compared to high expression of ACSL4 was associated with poorer OS for this group. Our results show that KRAS mutant tumors from male CRC patients have suppressed ferroptosis, and gene expression changes that suppress ferroptosis associate with adverse outcomes for these patients, revealing a novel potential avenue for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Yuping Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Engjel Muca
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Philip B. Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sajid A. Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
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11
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Douma MV, Casartelli NC, Sutter R, Leunig M, Maffiuletti NA. Sex-Specific Differences in Hip Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Fatty Infiltration in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671221147528. [PMID: 36743730 PMCID: PMC9893369 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221147528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) show sex-specific differences in hip muscle function, hip morphology, and symptoms. Possible differences in hip muscle characteristics between men and women with FAIS are unknown. Purpose To compare hip muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration between men and women with FAIS and investigate possible associations with patient-reported outcomes. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods We retrospectively analyzed preoperative axial pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans of 104 patients (54 women) who underwent hip surgery for FAIS. The main outcome measures were side-to-side percentage asymmetry in hip muscle CSA and involved-side fatty infiltration as measured with the Goutallier scale for a total of 10 hip muscles. Patient-reported outcomes included duration of hip symptoms, iHOT-12 (12-item International Hip Outcome Tool), and Hip Sports Activity Scale. Results Women showed larger hip abductor muscle CSA asymmetry than men (P = .018), particularly for the gluteus medius (P = .049), while men exhibited more fatty streaks (grade 1) in the gluteus medius (P = .015) than women. Duration of symptoms was associated only with fatty infiltration of obturator externus in men (r S = -0.55, P = .018). iHOT-12 was associated with CSA asymmetry of the gluteus minimus (r = -0.41, P = .011) and iliopsoas (r = -0.36, P = .028) in men and with piriformis fatty infiltration (r S = -0.56, P = .030) in women. The Hip Sports Activity Scale was associated with iliopsoas CSA asymmetry (r S = 0.32, P = .026) and with fatty infiltration of the tensor fasciae latae (r S = -0.45, P = .046) and obturator externus (r S = -0.50, P = .023) in women. Conclusion Patients with FAIS demonstrated few sex-specific quantitative and qualitative alterations of hip muscles. Women showed greater hip abductor muscle atrophy than men, particularly for the gluteus medius, while men showed a higher degree of fatty infiltration in this same muscle. The duration of hip symptoms was not associated with muscle atrophy. Patient-reported hip pain/function and sport activity level were only moderately associated with isolated muscular variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam V Douma
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola C Casartelli
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Reto Sutter
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Leunig
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gupta S, Khanal S, Bhavnani N, Mathias A, Lallo J, Kiriakou A, Ferrell J, Raman P. Sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis, thrombospondin-1, and smooth muscle cell differentiation in metabolic syndrome versus non-metabolic syndrome mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1020006. [PMID: 36505365 PMCID: PMC9727198 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) amplifies the risks of atherosclerosis. Despite well-known sexual dimorphism in atherosclerosis, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Our previous findings highlight a proatherogenic protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), in hyperglycemia- or hyperleptinemia (mimicking obesity)-induced atherosclerosis. However, the role of TSP-1 in the development of atherosclerosis prompted by co-existing hyperglycemia and obesity, characteristic of MetS, is unknown. The goal of this study was to examine sex-specific differences in lesion progression in a model of combined MetS and atherosclerosis (KKAyApoE) and interrogate how these differences relate to TSP-1 expression. Methods Male and female KKAy+/-ApoE-/- (with ectopic agouti gene expression) and age-matched non-agouti KKAy-/-ApoE-/- littermates were placed on a standard laboratory diet from 4 to 24 weeks age followed by blood and tissue harvests for biochemical, molecular, and aortic root morphometric studies. Results Metabolic profiling confirmed MetS phenotype of KKAy+/-ApoE-/-; however, only male genotypes were glucose intolerant with elevated VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL-triglyceride levels. Aortic root morphometry demonstrated profound lipid-filled lesions, increased plaque area, and augmented inflammatory and SMC abundance in MetS vs non-MetS males. This increase in lesion burden was accompanied with elevated TSP-1 and attenuated LMOD-1 (SM contractile marker) and SRF (transcriptional activator of SM differentiation) expression in male MetS aortic vessels. In contrast, while lipid burden, plaque area, and TSP-1 expression increased in MetS and non-MetS female mice, there was no significant difference between these genotypes. Increased collagen content was noted in MetS and non-MetS genotypes, specific to female mice. Measurement of plasma testosterone revealed a link between the atherogenic phenotype and abnormally high or low testosterone levels. To interrogate whether TSP-1 plays a direct role in SMC de-differentiation in MetS, we generated KKAy+/- mice with and without global TSP-1 deletion. Immunoblotting showed increased SM contractile markers in male KKAy+/-TSP-1-/- aortic vessels vs male KKAy+/-TSP-1+/ +. In contrast, TSP-1 deletion had no effect on SM contractile marker expression in female genotypes. Conclusion Together, the current study implicates a role of plasma testosterone in sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis and TSP-1 expression in MetS vs non-MetS mice. Our data suggest a sex-dependent differential role of TSP-1 on SMC de-differentiation in MetS. Collectively, these findings underscore a fundamental link between TSP-1 and VSMC phenotypic transformation in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Gupta
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Saugat Khanal
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Neha Bhavnani
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Amy Mathias
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jason Lallo
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Ariana Kiriakou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Priya Raman,
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13
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Scott SR, Singh K, Yu Q, Sen CK, Wang M. Sex as Biological Variable in Cardiac Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Responses to Acute Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9312. [PMID: 36012574 PMCID: PMC9409303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction/damage following trauma, shock, sepsis, and ischemia impacts clinical outcomes. Acute inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by these injuries impair mitochondria, which are critical to maintaining cardiac function. Despite sex dimorphisms in consequences of these injuries, it is unclear whether mitochondrial bioenergetic responses to inflammation/oxidative stress are sex-dependent. We hypothesized that sex disparity in mitochondrial bioenergetics following TNFα or H2O2 exposure is responsible for reported sex differences in cardiac damage/dysfunction. Methods and Results: Cardiomyocytes isolated from age-matched adult male and female mice were subjected to 1 h TNFα or H2O2 challenge, followed by detection of mitochondrial respiration capacity using the Seahorse XF96 Cell Mito Stress Test. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was analyzed using JC-1 in TNFα-challenged cardiomyocytes. We found that cardiomyocytes isolated from female mice displayed a better mitochondrial bioenergetic response to TNFα or H2O2 than those isolated from male mice did. TNFα decreased ΔΨm in cardiomyocytes isolated from males but not from females. 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment improved mitochondrial metabolic function in cardiomyocytes from male mice subjected to TNFα or H2O2 treatment. Conclusions: Cardiomyocyte mitochondria from female mice were more resistant to acute stress than those from males. The female sex hormone E2 treatment protected cardiac mitochondria against acute inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R. Scott
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meijing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Lange SA, Reinecke H. Coronary Artery Disease and Cancer: Treatment and Prognosis Regarding Gender Differences. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:434. [PMID: 35053596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality in high-income countries. Studies of myocardial infarction show a disadvantage for the female sex in terms of survival and development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. The extent to which this also applies to the co-occurrence of coronary heart disease and cancer was investigated and analyzed here in large registry studies. Particular attention has been paid to the four most common cancers and hematologic diseases associated with coronary artery disease requiring treatment. Abstract Cardiovascular disease and cancer remain the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality in high-income countries. Survival after myocardial infarction has improved but there is still a difference in clinical outcome, mortality, and developing heart failure to the disadvantage of women with myocardial infarction. Most major cardiology trials and registries have excluded patients with cancer. As a result, there is only very limited information on the effects of coronary artery disease in cancer patients. In particular, the outcomes in women with cancer and coronary artery disease and its management remain empiric. We reviewed studies of over 27 million patients with coronary artery disease and cancer. Our review focused on the most important types of cancer (breast, colon, lung, prostate) and hematological malignancies with particular attention to sex-specific differences in treatment and prognosis.
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Härdrich M, Haase-Fielitz A, Fielitz J, Boschmann M, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N, Weylandt KH, Butter C. Physical Performance and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Men and Women after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010203. [PMID: 35011078 PMCID: PMC8747609 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Men and women with valvular heart disease have different risk profiles for clinical endpoints. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are possibly involved in cardio-metabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether NEFA concentrations are associated with physical performance in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and whether there are sex-specific effects. Methods: To test the hypothesis that NEFA concentration is associated with sex-specific physical performance, we prospectively analysed data from one hundred adult patients undergoing TAVI. NEFA concentrations, physical performance and anthropometric parameters were measured before and 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Physical performance was determined by a six-minute walking test (6-MWT) and self-reported weekly bicycle riding time. Results: Before TAVI, NEFA concentrations were higher in patients (44 women, 56 men) compared to the normal population. Median NEFA concentrations at 6 and 12 months after TAVI were within the reference range reported in the normal population in men but not women. Men but not women presented with an increased performance in the 6-MWT over time (p = 0.026, p = 0.142, respectively). Additionally, men showed an increased ability to ride a bicycle after TAVI compared to before TAVI (p = 0.034). NEFA concentrations before TAVI correlated with the 6-MWT before TAVI in women (Spearman’s rho −0.552; p = 0.001) but not in men (Spearman’s rho −0.007; p = 0.964). No association was found between NEFA concentrations and physical performance 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Conclusions: NEFA concentrations improved into the reference range in men but not women after TAVI. Men but not women have an increased physical performance after TAVI. No association between NEFA and physical performance was observed in men and women after TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Härdrich
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Anja Haase-Fielitz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Social Medicine & Health Care Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3338-694-649; Fax: +49-3338-694-644
| | - Jens Fielitz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Experimental & Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), a Joint Cooperation between Charité—University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental & Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), a Joint Cooperation between Charité—University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum Für Diabetesforschung e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum Für Diabetesforschung e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spital STS AG, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, 8180 Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Karsten H. Weylandt
- Medical Department, Divisions of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Haematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
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Puls HC, Schmidt R, Zenger M, Kampling H, Kruse J, Brähler E, Hilbert A. Sex-Specific Mediation Effects of Workplace Bullying on Associations between Employees' Weight Status and Psychological Health Impairments. Nutrients 2021; 13:3867. [PMID: 34836122 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with obesity face weight-related discrimination in many life domains, including workplace bullying, especially in female employees with obesity. However, associations between experiences of workplace bullying and psychological health impairments considering weight status and sex remain unclear. Methods: Within a representative population-based sample of N = 1290 employees, self-reported experiences of workplace bullying were examined for variations by weight status and sex. Using path analyses, sex-specific mediation effects of workplace bullying on associations between weight status and work-related psychological health impairments (burnout symptoms, quality of life) were tested. Results: Employees with obesity experienced more workplace bullying than those with normal weight. Workplace bullying was positively associated with psychological health impairments and partially mediated the associations between higher weight status and elevated burnout symptoms and lower quality of life in women, but not in men. Conclusions: The result that more experiences of workplace bullying were, compared with weight status, more strongly associated with work-related psychological health impairments in women, but not in men, uniquely extends evidence on sex-specific effects within weight-related discrimination. Continued efforts by researchers, employers, and policy makers are needed to reduce weight-related discrimination in work settings, eventually increasing employees’ health and job productivity.
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Leo C, Rizzi MC, Bos NM, Davidse RJ, Linder A, Tomasch E, Klug C. Are There Any Significant Differences in Terms of Age and Sex in Pedestrian and Cyclist Accidents? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:677952. [PMID: 34109167 PMCID: PMC8183819 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.677952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has analyzed sex-specific differences in pedestrian and cyclist accidents involving passenger cars. The most frequently injured body regions, types of injuries, which show sex-specific differences and the general accident parameters of females and males were compared. Accident data from three different European countries (Austria, Netherlands, Sweden) were analyzed. The current analysis shows that for both, females and males, pedestrian and cyclist injuries are sustained mainly to the body regions head, thorax, upper extremities and lower extremities. The results show that the odds for sustaining skeletal injuries to the lower extremities (incl. pelvis) in females are significantly higher. It was observed in all datasets, that the odds of females being involved in a rural accident or an accident at night are lower than for males. Elderly pedestrian and cyclist (≥60YO) tend to sustain more severe injuries (AIS2+ and AIS3+) than younger pedestrian and cyclists (<60YO) in some of the datasets. The findings of this study highlight the differences in males and females in both, accident scenarios and sustained injuries. Further investigations are needed to distinguish between gender- and sex-specific differences causing the different injury patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leo
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria C Rizzi
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niels M Bos
- SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid Linder
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Mechanics and Maritime Science, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ernst Tomasch
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Corina Klug
- Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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18
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Lai LT, Gu WG, Hu MB, Wang WJ, Wang SS, Huai YJ, Mei JH, Wang CL. Sex-related differences in the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15413-32. [PMID: 34086601 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although disease susceptibility is known to differ between men and women, it is controversial whether the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancies also differs between the sexes. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the impact of sex on immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 1, 2020 for randomized controlled trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors with hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by sex. We calculated the pooled HRs for men and women using the ln(HR), and assessed the heterogeneity between the two estimates through an interaction test. In total, 22,268 patients from 39 randomized controlled trials were included. Immune checkpoint inhibitors yielded better overall survival than conventional agents in both men (HR: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.80) and women (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.85). Progression-free survival benefits were also observed in both men (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58-0.70) and women (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.77) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. No sex differences in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors were found when overall survival and progression-free survival were used as the endpoints.
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19
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Schneider L, Cena H, De Silvestri A, Vizzuso S, Vinci F, Mameli C, Zuccotti G. Sex-Specific Differences in the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Adiposity Indexes in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8060449. [PMID: 34073195 PMCID: PMC8226600 DOI: 10.3390/children8060449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New indexes of adiposity have been introduced to evaluate body-fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk. However, data on the correlation between Insulin Resistance (IR) and these new indexes are limited. We therefore evaluated the relationship between IR and adiposity indexes in children and adolescents with obesity, focusing on gender differences. We retrospectively enrolled 586 patients with obesity (10.80 ± 2.63; 306F/279M). As adiposity indexes we considered body mass index (BMI), BMI-z score, WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), triponderal mass index (TMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and conicity index (ConI). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of percentage β-cell function (HOMA-β), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride and glucose index (TyG-index) were measured and recorded as IR surrogates. In both sexes, WC and VAI significantly correlated with all IR measurements (p < 0.001). BMI significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with all IR parameters except for the TyG-index in females. Fat mass and TMI correlated with IR parameters only in females, BMI-z score with IR markers except for HOMA-β in males, WHtR with HOMA-β in both sexes (p < 0.05), free fat mass with HOMA-IR and QUICKI only in females (p < 0.01), ConI correlated with the TyG index in females (p = 0.01). Tryglicerides and SBP were correlated with all IR measurements (p < 0.001), in both sexes. Correlations between different sex parameters were significantly more evident in middle puberty. The relationship between IR surrogates and obesity indexes is influenced by gender in pediatrics. Sex-specific differences in obesity-related complications should be considered in preventive intervention decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (L.S.); (S.V.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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20
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Wang YH, Zhang NL, Wang MQ, He XB, Lv ZQ, Wei J, Su X, Wu AP, Li Y. Sex-Specific Differences in the Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Inoculated Mulberry Clones Under Salinity Stress. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:614162. [PMID: 33815436 PMCID: PMC8012686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often considered bioameliorators. AMF can promote plant growth under various stressful conditions; however, differences between male and female clones in mycorrhizal strategies that protect plants from the detrimental effects of salinity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of salinity and AMF on the growth, photosynthetic traits, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Morus alba males and females. In a factorial setup, male and female M. alba clones were subjected to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. The results showed that NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+) in both sexes; in contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn2+, proline, and N concentrations. Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions. In comparison, male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions. These sex-specific differences suggest that male and female mulberry clones adopted different mycorrhizal strategies when growing under saline conditions. Overall, our results provide insight into the sex-specific difference in the performance of AMF-associated mulberry clones, suggesting that female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Li Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Brawek B, Skok M, Garaschuk O. Changing Functional Signatures of Microglia along the Axis of Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1091. [PMID: 33499206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are commonly perceived as resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). This definition, however, requires further specification, as under healthy homeostatic conditions, neither morphological nor functional properties of microglia mirror those of classical macrophages. Indeed, microglia adapt exceptionally well to their microenvironment, becoming a legitimate member of the cellular brain architecture. The ramified or surveillant microglia in the young adult brain are characterized by specific morphology (small cell body and long, thin motile processes) and physiology (a unique pattern of Ca2+ signaling, responsiveness to various neurotransmitters and hormones, in addition to classic “immune” stimuli). Their numerous physiological functions far exceed and complement their immune capabilities. As the brain ages, the respective changes in the microglial microenvironment impact the functional properties of microglia, triggering further rounds of adaptation. In this review, we discuss the recent data showing how functional properties of microglia adapt to age-related changes in brain parenchyma in a sex-specific manner, with a specific focus on early changes occurring at middle age as well as some strategies counteracting the aging of microglia.
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22
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Herrero MJ, Wang L, Hernandez-Pineda D, Banerjee P, Matos HY, Goodrich M, Panigrahi A, Smith NA, Corbin JG. Sex-Specific Social Behavior and Amygdala Proteomic Deficits in Foxp2 +/- Mutant Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:706079. [PMID: 34421555 PMCID: PMC8374433 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.706079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, mutations in the transcription factor encoding gene, FOXP2, are associated with language and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), the latter characterized by deficits in social interactions. However, little is known regarding the function of Foxp2 in male or female social behavior. Our previous studies in mice revealed high expression of Foxp2 within the medial subnucleus of the amygdala (MeA), a limbic brain region highly implicated in innate social behaviors such as mating, aggression, and parental care. Here, using a comprehensive panel of behavioral tests in male and female Foxp2 +/- heterozygous mice, we investigated the role Foxp2 plays in MeA-linked innate social behaviors. We reveal significant deficits in olfactory processing, social interaction, mating, aggressive, and parental behaviors. Interestingly, some of these deficits are displayed in a sex-specific manner. To examine the consequences of Foxp2 loss of function specifically in the MeA, we conducted a proteomic analysis of microdissected MeA tissue. This analyses revealed putative sex differences expression of a host of proteins implicated in neuronal communication, connectivity, and dopamine signaling. Consistent with this, we discovered that MeA Foxp2-lineage cells were responsive to dopamine with differences between males and females. Thus, our findings reveal a central and sex-specific role for Foxp2 in social behavior and MeA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Herrero
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Wang Joshua G. Corbin
| | - David Hernandez-Pineda
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Payal Banerjee
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heidi Y. Matos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Meredith Goodrich
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nathan Anthony Smith
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joshua G. Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Wang Joshua G. Corbin
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23
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Dzhalilova DS, Kosyreva AM, Tsvetkov IS, Zolotova NA, Mkhitarov VA, Mikhailova LP, Makarova OV. Morphological and Functional Peculiarities of the Immune System of Male and Female Rats with Different Hypoxic Resistance. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:825-830. [PMID: 33098519 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphological and functional peculiarities of the immune system are studied in adult male and female Wistar rats with high and low hypoxic resistance. Sex-specific differences in the subpopulation composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes, not depending on the hypoxic resistance of animals, are detected: the males have lower absolute counts of T helpers and higher percentage of regulatory T cells than the females in the diestrus phase. Comparison of the morphofunctional status of the immune system in male and female (diestrus) rats with high resistance to hypoxia has shown a better developed subcapsular zone of the thymus, higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, and lower absolute counts of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in the males. Males with low hypoxic resistance have higher counts of phase II thymic bodies in comparison with low-resistant females. Hence, morphofunctional differences in the immune system of male and female rats with different hypoxic resistance are detected, which can determine the course of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A M Kosyreva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I S Tsvetkov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Zolotova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Mkhitarov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O V Makarova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Dutta NK, Schneider BE. Are There Sex-Specific Differences in Response to Adjunctive Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1465. [PMID: 32733484 PMCID: PMC7358361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noton K. Dutta
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bianca E. Schneider
- Junior Research Group Coinfection, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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25
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Martineau É, Di Polo A, Vande Velde C, Robitaille R. Sex-Specific Differences in Motor-Unit Remodeling in a Mouse Model of ALS. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 32033983 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0388-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive loss of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is an early event in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), preceding the global degeneration of motor axons and being accompanied by new axonal sprouting within the same axonal arbor. Some aspects of ALS onset and progression seem to be affected by sex in animal models of the disease. However, whether there are sex-specific differences in the pattern or time course of NMJ loss and repair within single motor axons remains unknown. We performed further analysis of a previously published in vivo dataset, obtained from male and female SOD1G37R mice. We found that NMJ losses are as frequent in male and female motor axons but, intriguingly, axonal sprouting is more frequent in female than male mice, resulting in a net increase of axonal arborization. Interestingly, these numerous new axonal branches in female mice are associated with a slightly faster decline in grip strength, increased NMJ denervation, and reduced α-motor neuron survival. Collectively, these results suggest that excessive axonal sprouting and motor-unit (MU) expansion in female SOD1G37R mice are maladaptive during ALS progression.
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26
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Johansen ML, Stetson LC, Vadmal V, Waite K, Berens ME, Connor JR, Lathia J, Rubin JB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Gliomas display distinct sex-based differential methylation patterns based on molecular subtype. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa002. [PMID: 32642674 PMCID: PMC7212920 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and one of many cancers where males are diagnosed with greater frequency than females. However, little is known about the sex-based molecular differences in glioblastomas (GBMs) or lower grade glioma (non-GBM) subtypes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in regulating gene transcription. In glioma and other cancers, hypermethylation of specific gene promoters downregulates transcription and may have a profound effect on patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-based methylation differences exist in different glioma subtypes. Methods Molecular and clinical data from glioma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and grouped according to tumor grade and molecular subtype (IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q chromosomal deletion). Sex-specific differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified in each subtype and further analyzed to determine if they were part of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or associated with differentially methylated DNA transcription regulatory binding motifs. Results Analysis of methylation data in 4 glioma subtypes revealed unique sets of both sex-specific DMPs and DMRs in each subtype. Motif analysis based on DMP position also identified distinct sex-based sets of DNA-binding motifs that varied according to glioma subtype. Downstream targets of 2 of the GBM-specific transcription binding sites, NFAT5 and KLF6, showed differential gene expression consistent with increased methylation mediating downregulation. Conclusion DNA methylation differences between males and females in 4 glioma molecular subtypes suggest an important, sex-specific role for DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette L Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L C Stetson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vachan Vadmal
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Waite
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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27
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Greiner JFW, Merten M, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Sexual dimorphisms in adult human neural, mesoderm-derived, and neural crest-derived stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3338-3352. [PMID: 31529465 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms contribute, at least in part, to the severity and occurrence of a broad range of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and bone disorders. In addition to hormonal factors, increasing evidence suggests that stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms account for sex-specific differences in human physiology and pathology. Here, we discuss sex-related intrinsic mechanisms in adult stem cell populations, namely mesoderm-derived stem cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), and neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs), and their implications for stem cell differentiation and regeneration. We particularly focus on sex-specific differences in stem cell-mediated bone regeneration, in neuronal development, and in NSC-mediated neuroprotection. Moreover, we review our own recently published observations regarding the sex-dependent role of NF-κB-p65 in neuroprotection of human NCSC-derived neurons and sex differences in NCSC-related disorders, so-called neurocristopathies. These observations are in accordance with the increasing evidence pointing toward sex-specific differences in neurocristopathies and degenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease or osteoporosis. All findings discussed here indicate that sex-specific variability in stem cell biology may become a crucial parameter for the design of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madlen Merten
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Germany
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28
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Paterson MR, Geurts AM, Kriegel AJ. miR-146b-5p has a sex-specific role in renal and cardiac pathology in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1332-45. [PMID: 31668631 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease presents a complex and distinct pathological landscape in men and women, yet this difference is poorly understood. microRNAs are powerful molecular regulators of pathophysiology in the kidney and other organs. We previously reported a significant upregulation of miR-146b-5p in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of chronic kidney disease. Here we investigated the sex-specific contribution of miR-146b-5p to renocardiac pathology by generating a novel miR-146b-/- rat and characterized the expression of miR-146b-5p in both wild-type and knockout animals. The 5/6 nephrectomy or sham surgery was performed on rats of each genotype and sex. Renal pathology was examined through gross histology, plasma and urinary analysis of electrolytes and metabolites, and by chronic blood pressure monitoring. Cardiac pathology was monitored via echocardiography and pressure-volume analysis. The miR-146b-/- rats show functional knockout of miR-146b-5p in both the kidney and heart. While 5/6 nephrectomy induced tissue hypertrophy, miR-146b-/- female rats displayed exacerbated renal hypertrophy. Additionally, miR-146b-/- female rats exhibited a marked elevation of renal fibrosis and significant renal dysfunction yet lower blood pressure and less pronounced cardiac remodeling. These phenotypic differences were not exhibited in miR-146b-/- male rats. Ovariectomy ameliorated renal pathology and abolished genotypic differences. In vitro examination of transforming growth factor-β signaling in combination with miR-146b-5p manipulation supports a role for miR-146b-5p in mediating the protective benefit of estrogen from renal pathologies. Thus, our data highlight an important role of miR-146b-5p in modulating kidney disease progression and provide new avenues for the study of sex-specific pathology.
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29
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Abstract
It has long been observed that thyroid diseases are more prevalent in women than in men. However, there are limited experimental data demonstrating mechanisms by which sex differences in thyroid diseases may occur and exact molecular mechanisms involved are still far from clear. The aim of the study was to evaluate if there are sex differences concerning oxidative damage to membrane lipids in thyroid homogenates in response to Fenton reaction substrates, i.e., Fe2+ and/or H2O2, and, additionally, in response to potentially protective agent, i.e., melatonin. Homogenates of male or female thyroids collected from adult swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) at slaughter were incubated in the presence of H2O2 and/or Fe2+ without or with addition of melatonin. Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Neither H2O2 nor Fe2+, when used separately, did affect the level of lipid peroxidation in both male and female porcine thyroid homogenates. When H2O2 (0.5 mM) was used together with different concentrations of Fe2+, the level of lipid peroxidation increased significantly in both male and female porcine thyroid homogenates, with clear Fe2+ concentration-dependent stimulatory effect, but without differences between sexes. No sex-specific differences was found concerning oxidative damage to membrane lipids in porcine thyroid in response to Fenton reaction substrates and/or to melatonin. The lack of expected differences may be due to potentially lower sensitivity of membrane lipids comparing to other biological macromolecules to pro-/antioxidative agents in the thyroid. However, further studies should be performed to explain the discussed issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stepniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewinski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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30
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Shafi R, Smith PM, Colantonio A. Assault predicts time away from work after claims for work-related mild traumatic brain injury. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:471-478. [PMID: 31126965 PMCID: PMC6585268 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace violence carries a substantial economic loss burden. Up to 10% of all traumatic brain injury (TBI) admissions result from physical assault. There remains a paucity of research on assault as a mechanism of injury, taking into account sex, and its association with work re-entry. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise, by sex, the sample of workers who had sustained a work-related mild TBI (wr-mTBI) and to assess the independent influence of assault, as a mechanism of injury, on time away from work. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort of workers' compensation claimants in Australia (n=3129) who had sustained a wr-mTBI was used for this study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed whether workers who had sustained wr-mTBI as a result of assault (wr-mTBI-assault) were more likely to claim time off work compared with workers who had sustained a wr-mTBI due to other mechanisms. RESULTS Among claimants who sustained a wr-mTBI, 9% were as a result of assault. The distribution of demographic and vocational variables differed between the wr-mTBI-assault, and not due to assault, both in the full sample, and separately for men and women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, workers who sustained wr-mTBI-assault, compared with other mechanisms, were more likely to take days off work (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.99) within a 3-month timeframe. CONCLUSION The results have policy-related implications. Sex-specific and workplace-specific prevention strategies need to be considered and provisions to support return-to-work and well-being within this vulnerable cohort should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Shafi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sowers ML, Re JD, Wadsworth PA, Shavkunov AS, Lichti C, Zhang K, Laezza F. Sex-Specific Proteomic Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14), a Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels. Proteomes 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 30678040 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGFs, which is a group of proteins involved in neuronal ion channel regulation and synaptic transmission. We previously demonstrated that male Fgf14−/− mice recapitulate the salient endophenotypes of synaptic dysfunction and behaviors that are associated with schizophrenia (SZ). As the underlying etiology of SZ and its sex-specific onset remain elusive, the Fgf14−/− model may provide a valuable tool to interrogate pathways related to disease mechanisms. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics to identify enriched pathways in both male and female hippocampi from Fgf14+/+ and Fgf14−/− mice. We discovered that all of the differentially expressed proteins measured in Fgf14−/− animals, relative to their same-sex wildtype counterparts, are associated with SZ based on genome-wide association data. In addition, measured changes in the proteome were predominantly sex-specific, with the male Fgf14−/− mice distinctly enriched for pathways associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In the male Fgf14−/− mouse, we found molecular characteristics that, in part, may explain a previously described neurotransmission and behavioral phenotype. This includes decreased levels of ALDH1A1 and protein kinase A (PRKAR2B). ALDH1A1 has been shown to mediate an alternative pathway for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, while PRKAR2B is essential for dopamine 2 receptor signaling, which is the basis of current antipsychotics. Collectively, our results provide new insights in the role of FGF14 and support the use of the Fgf14−/− mouse as a useful preclinical model of SZ for generating hypotheses on disease mechanisms, sex-specific manifestation, and therapy.
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Ladich F, Schleinzer G. Sound production in female Trichopsis schalleri (Labyrinth fishes): comparison to males and evolutionary considerations. BIOACOUSTICS 2018; 29:123-139. [PMID: 32257627 PMCID: PMC7077349 DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1555773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Croaking gouramis (genus Trichopsis, Anabantoidei) generate series of two-pulsed bursts (croaks) during agonistic interactions. Sex-specific differences are minor in T. vittata which raises the question whether sexes differ in the other two species. The current study analyses sounds recorded in female T. schalleri, compares the sound characteristics to those of males investigated earlier and correlates these characteristics to female body size. Sex-specific differences were found in three out of six sound characteristics. In females, sounds were lower in burst number, burst period and SPL. Pulse period, dominant frequency and peak-to-peak amplitude ratios of pulses did not differ between sexes. Burst period and SPL increased significantly with female body weight, whereas dominant frequency decreased. The present acoustic data indicate the sex-specific differences are more pronounced in T. schalleri than T. vittata. The results also demonstrate that both sexes are vocal, which remains to be shown for females of the third species, T. pumila, which have poorly developed sonic organs. The evolution of the pectoral sound-producing mechanism in Trichopsis is most likely based on an exaptation process during which acoustic signals are generated by fin tendons initially related to other functions as is evident in closely related genera lacking this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Schleinzer
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tourki B, Halade GV. The failing of the obesity paradox in the failing heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1353-H1355. [PMID: 30074838 PMCID: PMC6297812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00496.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Tourki
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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Keyvani K, Münster Y, Kurapati NK, Rubach S, Schönborn A, Kocakavuk E, Karout M, Hammesfahr P, Wang YC, Hermann DM, Teuber-Hanselmann S, Herring A. Higher levels of kallikrein-8 in female brain may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:947-964. [PMID: 29505099 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Women seem to have a higher vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms of this sex dichotomy are not well understood. Here, we first determined the influence of sex on various aspects of Alzheimer's pathology in transgenic CRND8 mice. We demonstrate that beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque burden starts to be more severe around P180 (moderate disease stage) in female transgenics when compared to males and that aging aggravates this sex-specific difference. Furthermore, we show that female transgenics suffer from higher levels of neurovascular dysfunction around P180, resulting in impaired Aβ peptide clearance across the blood-brain-barrier at P360. Female transgenics show also higher levels of diffuse microgliosis and inflammation, but the density of microglial cells surrounding Aβ plaques is less in females. In line with this finding, testosterone compared to estradiol was able to improve microglial viability and Aβ clearance in vitro. The spatial memory of transgenics was in general poorer than in wildtypes and at P360 worse in females irrespective of their genotype. This difference was accompanied by a slightly diminished dendritic complexity in females. While all the above-named sex-differences emerged after the onset of Aβ pathology, kallikrein-8 (KLK8) protease levels were, as an exception, higher in female than in male brains very early when virtually no plaques were detectable. In a second step, we quantified cerebral KLK8 levels in AD patients and healthy controls, and could ascertain, similar to mice, higher KLK8 levels not only in AD-affected but also in healthy brains of women. Accordingly, we could demonstrate that estradiol but not testosterone induces KLK8 synthesis in neuronal and microglial cells. In conclusion, multiple features of AD are more pronounced in females. Here, we show for the first time that this sex-specific difference may be meditated by estrogen-induced KLK8 overproduction long before AD pathology emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Münster
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nirup K Kurapati
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rubach
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönborn
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Emre Kocakavuk
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Karout
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Hammesfahr
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Ya-Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Teuber-Hanselmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Pitetti K, Miller RA, Loovis EM. Balance and Coordination Proficiency of Age-Matched Male and Female Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2018; 35:175-95. [PMID: 29569942 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male youth (8-18 years) with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate motor proficiency below age-related competence capacities for typically developing youth. Whether below-criteria motor proficiency also exists for females with ID is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-specific differences exist in motor proficiency for youth with ID. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure motor proficiency: six items for upper limb coordination, seven items for balance, and six items for bilateral coordination. One hundred and seventy-two (172) males and 85 females with ID but without Down syndrome were divided into five age groups for comparative purposes: 8-10, 11-12, 13-14, 15-16, and 17-21 years. Males scored sufficiently higher than females to suggest that sex data should not be combined to established Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency standards for upper limb coordination, balance, and bilateral coordination subtests.
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Li Y, Mathis A, Grewe BF, Osterhout JA, Ahanonu B, Schnitzer MJ, Murthy VN, Dulac C. Neuronal Representation of Social Information in the Medial Amygdala of Awake Behaving Mice. Cell 2017; 171:1176-1190.e17. [PMID: 29107332 PMCID: PMC5731476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The medial amygdala (MeA) plays a critical role in processing species- and sex-specific signals that trigger social and defensive behaviors. However, the principles by which this deep brain structure encodes social information is poorly understood. We used a miniature microscope to image the Ca2+ dynamics of large neural ensembles in awake behaving mice and tracked the responses of MeA neurons over several months. These recordings revealed spatially intermingled subsets of MeA neurons with distinct temporal dynamics. The encoding of social information in the MeA differed between males and females and relied on information from both individual cells and neuronal populations. By performing long-term Ca2+ imaging across different social contexts, we found that sexual experience triggers lasting and sex-specific changes in MeA activity, which, in males, involve signaling by oxytocin. These findings reveal basic principles underlying the brain's representation of social information and its modulation by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Mathis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Grewe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, CNC Program, James H. Clark Center Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Osterhout
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Biafra Ahanonu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, CNC Program, James H. Clark Center Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, CNC Program, James H. Clark Center Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Antoch MP, Toshkov I, Kuropatwinski KK, Jackson M. Deficiency in PER proteins has no effect on the rate of spontaneous and radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3673-80. [PMID: 24091726 PMCID: PMC3903718 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that components of the circadian clock are involved in modulation of numerous signaling pathways, and that clock deregulation due to environmental or genetic factors contributes to the development of various pathologies, including cancer. Previous work performed in tissue culture and in in vivo mouse models defined mammalian PERIOD proteins as tumor suppressors, although some experimental inconsistencies (the use of mice on mixed genetic background, lack of sexual discrimination) did not allow a definitive conclusion. To address this issue in a systematic way, we performed a detailed analysis comparing the incidence of tumor development after low-dose ionizing radiation in male and female wild-type, Per1−/−, and Per2−/− mice. We showed that in contrast to previous reports deficiency in either Per1 or Per2 genes by itself does not make mice more tumor-prone; moreover, some of the long-term effects of ionizing radiation in Per2-deficient mice are reminiscent more of accelerated aging rather than tumor-prone phenotype. Our histopathological analysis also revealed significant sexual dimorphism both in the rate of radiation-induced tumorigenesis and in the spectrum of tumors developed, which underscores the importance of using sex-matched experimental groups for in vivo studies. Based on our results, we suggest that the role of PER proteins as bona fide tumor suppressors needs to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Antoch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
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