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Gohar B, Larivière M, Lightfoot N, Larivière C, Wenghofer E, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Demographic, Lifestyle, and Physical Health Predictors of Sickness Absenteeism in Nursing: A Meta-Analysis. Saf Health Work 2021; 12:536-543. [PMID: 34900373 PMCID: PMC8640582 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sickness absenteeism is an area of concern in nursing and is more concerning given the recent impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare. This study is one of two meta-analyses that examined sickness absenteeism in nursing. In this study, we examined demographic, lifestyle, and physical health predictors. Methods We reviewed five databases (CINAHL, ProQuest Allied, ProQuest database theses, PsycINFO, and PubMed) for our search. We registered the systematic review (CRD de-identified) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Additionally, we used the Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome Tool to improve our searches. Results: Following quality testing, 17 articles were used for quantitative synthesis. Female employees were at higher risks of sickness absenteeism than their male counterparts (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.33-2.25). Nursing staff who rated their health as poor had a greater likelihood of experiencing sickness absence (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19-1.60). Also, previous sick leave predicted future leaves (OR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.37-8.19). Moreover, experiencing musculoskeletal pain (OR = 2.41 95% CI: 1.77-3.27) increased the likelihood of sickness absence with greater odds when it is a back pain (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.66-5.62). Increased age, physical activity, and sleep were not associated with sick leave. Conclusion Several variables were statistically associated with the occurrence of sickness absenteeism. One primary concern is the limited research in this area despite alarming rates of sick leave in healthcare. More research is required to identify predictors of sickness absence, and thereby, implement preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Gohar
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Michel Larivière
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Subury, Canada
| | - Nancy Lightfoot
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Céline Larivière
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Subury, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Wenghofer
- School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Subury, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Gohar B, Larivière M, Lightfoot N, Wenghofer E, Larivière C, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Meta-analysis of nursing-related organizational and psychosocial predictors of sickness absence. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 70:593-601. [PMID: 33313909 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing is a stressful occupation with high rates of sickness absence. To date, there are no meta-analyses that statistically determined the correlates of sickness absence in this population. AIMS This meta-analysis examined organizational and psychosocial predictors of sickness absence among nursing staff. METHODS As a registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42017071040), which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, five databases (CINAHL, PROQuest Allied, PROQuest database theses, PsycINFO, PubMed) were reviewed to examine predictors of sickness absence in nurses and nursing assistants between 1990 and 2019. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome tool was used to support our searches. Effect sizes were analysed using random-effects model. RESULTS Following critical appraisals using (i) National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and (ii) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, 21 studies were included. Nursing assistants had greater odds of sickness absence than nurses. Working night shifts, in paediatrics or psychiatric units, experiencing poor mental health, and fatigue, also increased the odds of sickness absence. There was no evidence that job satisfaction or job strain influenced sickness absence; however, job demand increased the likelihood. Finally, work support reduced the odds of lost-time. CONCLUSIONS We synthesized three decades of research where several factors influenced sickness absence. Due to limited recent research, the results should be interpreted with caution as some practices may have changed overtime or between countries. Nevertheless, these findings could help in applying preventative strategies to mitigate lost-time in a vulnerable working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gohar
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - M Larivière
- School of Human Kinetics, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - N Lightfoot
- School of Rural & Northern Health, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - E Wenghofer
- School of Rural & Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - C Larivière
- School of Human Kinetics, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Paiva LG, Dalmolin GDL, Andolhe R, Dos Santos WM. Fatores associados ao absenteísmo-doença de trabalhadores da saúde: revisão de escopo. AVANCES EN ENFERMERÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v38n2.79437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao absenteísmo-doença de trabalhadores da saúde.Síntese de conteúdo: esta revisão de escopo da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medline via PubMed incluiu 106 estudos, que totalizaram 388.381 profissionais de saúde. Foi identificado que os fatores individuais e interpessoais, relacionados ao cargo e à função, assim como os fatores ambientais e organizacionais influenciam a ocorrência do absenteísmo-doença no ambiente hospitalar.Conclusões: os fatores individuais e interpessoais, relacionados ao cargo e à função, assim como os fatores ambientais e organizacionais influenciam no absenteísmo-doença dos trabalhadores da saúde, com impacto tanto sobre a produtividade quanto sobre a continuidade da assistência prestada por esses profissionais. A ausência não programada destes leva à necessidade de contratação de outros servidores ou ao pagamento de horas excedentes para atender à demanda, o que pode agravar a situação econômica e financeira do sistema de saúde, e afetar diretamente a saúde de toda a população que depende desse sistema.
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Demou E, Brown J, Sanati K, Kennedy M, Murray K, Macdonald EB. A novel approach to early sickness absence management: The EASY (Early Access to Support for You) way. Work 2017; 53:597-608. [PMID: 26409380 PMCID: PMC4927878 DOI: 10.3233/wor-152137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sickness absence (SA) is multi-causal and remains a significant problem for employees, employers and society. This makes it necessary to concurrently manage a particular disabling condition and consider the working environment and employee-employer relationship. OBJECTIVE: To describe and examine the components of a novel SA management service Early Access to Support for You (EASY) and discuss their potential influence on the intervention. METHODS: A new sickness absence model, starting from day one of absence, was created called EASY. EASY is planned to support both employees and managers and comprises elements already found to be associated with reduction of SA, such as maintaining regular contact; early biopsychosocial case-management; physiotherapy; mental-health counselling; work modification; phased return-to-work; and health promotion activities. RESULTS: During the EASY implementation period, the SA rate at a health board reversed its trend of being one of the highest rates in the Scottish National Health Service (NHS) and EASY was considered helpful by both managers and employees. CONCLUSIONS: This paper describes an innovative occupational health intervention to sickness absence management based on the bio-psychosocial model to provide early intervention, and discusses the pros and cons of applying cognitive behavioural principles at an early stage in sickness-absence events, in order to improve return-to-work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Demou
- Healthy Working Lives Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Healthy Working Lives Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kaveh Sanati
- Healthy Working Lives Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Kennedy
- Salus, Occupational Health, Safety & Return to Work Services, Hamilton, UK
| | - Keith Murray
- Salus, Occupational Health, Safety & Return to Work Services, Hamilton, UK
| | - Ewan B Macdonald
- Healthy Working Lives Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Jordan G, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi B. Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Lost-time Injury in Registered Nurses: A Literature Review. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:1-8. [PMID: 25830063 PMCID: PMC4372183 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-loss injuries are still a major occurrence in Canada, injuring thousands of Canadian workers each year. With obesity rates on the rise across the country, as well as around the world, it is important that the possible effects of obesity in the workplace be fully understood, especially those effects linked to lost-time injuries. The aim of this paper was to evaluate predictors of workplace lost-time injuries and how they may be related to obesity or high body mass index by examining factors associated with lost-time injuries in the health care sector, a well-studied industry with the highest number of reported time loss injuries in Canada. A literature review focusing on lost-time injuries in Registered Nurses (RNs) was conducted using the keywords and terms: lost time injury, workers' compensation, occupational injury, workplace injury, injury, injuries, work, workplace, occupational, nurse, registered nurse, RN, health care, predictors, risk factors, risk, risks, cause, causes, obese, obesity, and body mass index. Data on predictors or factors associated with lost-time injuries in RNs were gathered and organized using Loisel's Work Disability Prevention Management Model and extrapolated upon using existing literature surrounding obesity in the Canadian workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Jordan
- School of Occupational and Public Health and Safety, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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McCauley LA. Research to practice in occupational health nursing. Workplace Health Saf 2012; 60:183-9; quiz 190. [PMID: 22432784 DOI: 10.1177/216507991206000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Occupational health nursing research has gained a significant place in national and international nursing programs and has advanced occupational health nurses' understanding of the most effective ways to prevent occupational illness and injury, provide access to quality care for workers, and manage occupational injuries and return to work. This article describes the history of nursing research in general and highlights the current national shortages that must be addressed to ensure that nurses continue to impact the field. Occupational health nursing priorities are described and examples are given of nurse scientists who have established the foundation of occupational health nursing research and who illustrate varied expertise and the interdisciplinary context in which the work is conducted.
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