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Chirico F, Nucera G, Szarpak L, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Occupational Health Services Have a Relevant Role in Protecting the Health and Safety of Paramedics. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2023; 36:189-190. [PMID: 38680440 PMCID: PMC11041874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter to the Editor, the authors point out occupational health and safety risks for paramedics, and highlight the relevant role carried out by multidisciplinary occupational health services in the prevention of occupational risks and the promotion of physical and mental well-being of these workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chirico
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of Interior, Italy
| | - G. Nucera
- Department of Emergency, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli and Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Szarpak
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland
- Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - B. Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Nixon J, Ritchie S, Wenghofer E, VanderBurgh D, Sherman J. Examining the quality of work-life of paramedics in northern Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional study. Work 2022; 72:135-147. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paramedics are exposed to multiple stressors in the workplace. They are more likely to develop occupational-related stress conditions compared to other occupations. This study focused on understanding the factors affecting QoWL of paramedics in northern Ontario, Canada; a particular focus was on understanding the personal and organizational factors, such as practicing community paramedicine (CP), which may be associated with Quality of Work Life (QoWL). METHODS: Paramedic QoWL was assessed using an online survey that was distributed to approximately 879 paramedics across northern Ontario. The survey included the 23-Item Work- Related Quality of Work Life Scale. Data analysis involved linear regressions with nine predictor variables deemed to be related to QoWL for paramedics with QoWL and its six subscales as dependent variables. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the personal and organizational factors, such as practicing of CP, which predicted QoWL. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-seven paramedics completed the questionnaire. Overall, the mean QoWL score of all paramedic participants was 73.99, and this average compared to relevant published norms for other occupations. Factors that were most associated with higher QoWL were, experience practicing CP (p < 0.05), number of sick days/year (p < 0.01), and higher self- rated mental health (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Higher paramedic QoWL appears to be associated with many factors such as number of sick days per year, self-rated mental health, and participation in CP. EMS organizations should consider establishing necessary workplace health promotion strategies that are targeted at improving QoWL for paramedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | - S.D. Ritchie
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - E.F. Wenghofer
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - D. VanderBurgh
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - J.E. Sherman
- Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, ON, Canada
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Gohar B, Larivière M, Lightfoot N, Wenghofer E, Larivière C, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Meta-analysis of nursing-related organizational and psychosocial predictors of sickness absence. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 70:593-601. [PMID: 33313909 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing is a stressful occupation with high rates of sickness absence. To date, there are no meta-analyses that statistically determined the correlates of sickness absence in this population. AIMS This meta-analysis examined organizational and psychosocial predictors of sickness absence among nursing staff. METHODS As a registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42017071040), which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, five databases (CINAHL, PROQuest Allied, PROQuest database theses, PsycINFO, PubMed) were reviewed to examine predictors of sickness absence in nurses and nursing assistants between 1990 and 2019. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome tool was used to support our searches. Effect sizes were analysed using random-effects model. RESULTS Following critical appraisals using (i) National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and (ii) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, 21 studies were included. Nursing assistants had greater odds of sickness absence than nurses. Working night shifts, in paediatrics or psychiatric units, experiencing poor mental health, and fatigue, also increased the odds of sickness absence. There was no evidence that job satisfaction or job strain influenced sickness absence; however, job demand increased the likelihood. Finally, work support reduced the odds of lost-time. CONCLUSIONS We synthesized three decades of research where several factors influenced sickness absence. Due to limited recent research, the results should be interpreted with caution as some practices may have changed overtime or between countries. Nevertheless, these findings could help in applying preventative strategies to mitigate lost-time in a vulnerable working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gohar
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - M Larivière
- School of Human Kinetics, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - N Lightfoot
- School of Rural & Northern Health, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - E Wenghofer
- School of Rural & Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - C Larivière
- School of Human Kinetics, Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Nath S, Shen C, Koziarz A, Banfield L, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Fava MA, Hodge WG. Transepithelial versus Epithelium-off Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Corneal Ectasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:1150-1160. [PMID: 33383093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TOPIC To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transepithelial corneal cross-linking in comparison with the established epithelium-off technique for corneal ectasia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considerable debate exists regarding whether transepithelial and epithelium-off cross-linking are comparable in their safety and efficacy. METHODS We searched 16 electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the grey literature, current to July 8, 2020, for randomized controlled trials comparing transepithelial and epithelium-off cross-linking for corneal ectasia. We excluded studies evaluating cross-linking for nonectatic indications, as well as non-randomized controlled trials. Our primary outcome was the change in maximal keratometry (Kmax) at 12 months after cross-linking, and we considered additional topographic, visual, and safety outcomes. We summarized our analyses by calculating weighted mean differences (MDs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcomes and relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% CIs for dichotomous outcomes. We conducted trial sequential analysis to determine whether the required information size was met for each outcome. The quality of individual trials was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool, and the evidence was assessed at an outcome level using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. RESULTS Twelve studies totaling 966 eyes were eligible. A significant difference was found between transepithelial and epithelium-off cross-linking groups in the change in Kmax at 12 months (MD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.23-1.28; P = 0.004; primary outcome) and at longest follow-up (MD, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.62-1.77; P < 0.001; secondary outcome) after treatment. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups when examining uncorrected distance visual acuity (MD, 0.04; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.14; P = 0.386) or corrected distance visual acuity (MD, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09; P = 0.732). Transepithelial cross-linking was associated with significantly fewer complications than the epithelium-off approach (RR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.79; P = 0.020), although it was associated with an increased rate of disease progression at 12 months after treatment (RR, 4.49; 95% CI, 1.24-16.25; P = 0.022). The required information size was met for our primary outcome and trial sequential analysis supported the conventional meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. DISCUSSION The efficacy of transepithelial cross-linking remains inferior to the epithelium-off approach, although it is significantly safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Nath
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Carl Shen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alex Koziarz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mark A Fava
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - William G Hodge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ivey Eye Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Sharma B, Lewko J, Colantonio A. Critical methodological considerations in recruiting and engaging non-native English speaking workers with a head injury: a Canadian perspective. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:184. [PMID: 32228716 PMCID: PMC7106822 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-native English speaking workers with a mild work-related traumatic brain and/or head injury are a vulnerable and underrepresented population in research studies. The researchers present their experiences with recruiting and performing qualitative interviews with non-native English speaking individuals with a work-related mild traumatic brain injury, and provide recommendations on how to better include this vulnerable population in future research studies. This paper presents considerations regarding ethics, recruitment challenges, interview preparation and debriefing, sex & gender and language and cultural issues must be made when working with this vulnerable population. RESULTS The researchers discuss critical issues and provide recommendations in recruiting and engaging with non-native English language workers including ethics, recruitment challenges, interview preparation and debriefing, sex & gender and language, and cultural considerations that must be made when working with this population. The study recommendations advise investigators to spend more time to learn about the non-native English participants in the mild wrTBI context, to be familiar with the vulnerabilities and specific circumstances that these workers experience. By increasing their awareness of the challenging facing this vulnerable population, the intention is to provide better care and treatment options through evidence-based research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada. .,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. .,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - B Sharma
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Lewko
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - A Colantonio
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Usuba K, Li AKC, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Trend of the burden of chronic illnesses: using the Canadian Community Health Survey. Public Health 2019; 177:10-18. [PMID: 31476711 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burden of illnesses has been described in the literature using the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with chronic conditions. However, the studies reporting trends of burden are sparse. The aim of this study was to explore the trends of burden of chronic illness from the perspective of HRQoL. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of administrative database. METHODS Seven data sets of the Canadian Community Health Survey from 2001 to 2014 were obtained for the analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used on each data set to assess the burden of illness on the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3), life satisfaction (LS), and perceived health (PH). RESULTS People with the effect of stroke constantly had low scores on the HUI3, LS, and PH. Regression analyses revealed that arthritis, back problem, and mood disorder have greater impact on the HUI3 score. Effect of stroke, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder stably had the largest negative impact on LS, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), effect of stroke, and cancer had the largest effect on PH. CONCLUSION This study identified that arthritis, back pain, mood disorder, effect of stroke, and COPD constantly have high burden on health outcomes compared with other chronic condition over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Usuba
- Research Centre for Evaluating Children's Health Outcomes (ECHO), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A K C Li
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Canada.
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Chai E, Usuba K, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Casole J. Prevalence of Type II and Type III Workplace Violence against Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Occup Environ Med 2019; 10:99-110. [PMID: 31325293 PMCID: PMC6708400 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care sector remains a prominent, under-reported global occupational hazard and public health issue. OBJECTIVE To determine the types and prevalence of WPV among doctors. METHODS Primary papers on WPV in medicine were identified through a literature search in 4 health databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychoINFO and CINAHL). The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. To assess the studies included in our review, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort review checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment. RESULTS 13 out of 2154 articles retrieved were reviewed. Factors outlining physician WPV included (1) working in remote health care areas, (2) understaffing, (3) mental/emotional stress of patients/visitors, (4) insufficient security, and (5) lacking preventative measures. The results of 6 studies were combined in a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of WPV was 69% (95% CI 58% to 78%). CONCLUSION The impact of WPV on health care institutions is profound and far-reaching; it is quite common among physicians. Therefore, steps must be taken to promote an organizational culture where there are measures to protect and promote the well-being of doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Chai
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koyo Usuba
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Casole
- Special Education Department, Loretto College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Barker D, Rappolt S, Morrison T. Predictors to Private Practice Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Opportunities in Canada: New Evidence suggests New Solutions. Occup Ther Health Care 2019; 33:247-264. [PMID: 31130034 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2019.1616241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study examined predictors to increasing and enhancing fieldwork education opportunities provided by occupational therapists working in private practice. A cross-sectional design that used a self-administered questionnaire was provided to Canadian occupational therapists in private practice. Participants receiving funding from the workers' compensation sector, those with between 11 and 20 years of work experience, and therapists working full-time hours were more likely to accept a student in fieldwork placement. Respondents who indicated that physical space and resources were not barriers to taking students on placement were more likely to accept students. Therapists more comfortable with the criteria and methods for appropriate and effective student teaching and supervision were also more likely to accept a student for fieldwork placement. The study findings can inform academic programs on how best to support preceptorship and guide university fieldwork coordinators' strategies for outreach and education for private practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,School of Rural and Northern Health, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Ontario , Canada.,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Ontario , Canada
| | - D Barker
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Rappolt
- School of Rural and Northern Health, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University , Sudbury , Ontario , Canada
| | - T Morrison
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Gohar B, Casole J, Chidu C, Dumond J, McDougall A, Nowrouzi-Kia B. A systematic review of lost-time injuries in the global mining industry. Work 2018; 60:49-61. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-182715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Dumond
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Sharma B, Dignard C, Kerekes Z, Dumond J, Li A, Larivière M. Systematic review: Lost-time injuries in the US mining industry. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 67:442-447. [PMID: 28898967 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mining industry is associated with high levels of accidents, injuries and illnesses. Lost-time injuries are useful measures of health and safety in mines, and the effectiveness of its safety programmes. Aims To identify the type of lost-time injuries in the US mining workforce and to examine predictors of these occupational injuries. Methods Primary papers on lost-time injuries in the US mining sector were identified through a literature search in eight health, geology and mining databases, using a systematic review protocol tailored to each database. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), Framework of Quality Assurance for Administrative Data Source and the Cochrane Collaboration 'Risk of bias' assessment tools were used to assess study quality. Results A total of 1736 articles were retrieved before duplicates were removed. Fifteen articles were ultimately included with a CASP mean score of 6.33 (SD 0.62) out of 10. Predictors of lost-time injuries included slips and falls, electric injuries, use of mining equipment, working in underground mining, worker's age and occupational experience. Conclusions This is the first systematic review of lost-time injuries in the US mining sector. The results support the need for further research on factors that contribute to workplace lost-time injuries as there is limited literature on the topic. Safety analytics should also be applied to uncover new trends and predict the likelihood of future incidents before they occur. New insights will allow employers to prevent injuries and foster a safer workplace environment by implementing successful occupational health and safety programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nowrouzi-Kia
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Sharma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Dignard
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Kerekes
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Dumond
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Li
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Larivière
- Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Nowrouzi B, Nguyen C, Casole J, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Occupational Stress: A Comprehensive Review of the Top 50 Annual and Lifetime Cited Articles. Workplace Health Saf 2016; 65:197-209. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079916666300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the impact and influence of published articles on the field of occupational stress. A transdisciplinary approach was used to identify the 50 work-related stress articles with the most lifetime citations and the 50 work-related stress articles with the highest annual citation rates. Studies were categorized based on their primary focus: (a) etiology, (b) predictor of outcome for which occupational stress is the outcome or predictor of outcome for which occupational stress is an independent variable, (c) management/intervention, (d) theory/model/framework, or (e) methodologies. The majority of studies with the highest number of lifetime citations as well as the highest annual citation rates used stress as a predictor or outcome of another factor. The proportion of studies that were categorized by etiology, intervention/management, theory/model/framework, or methodologies was relatively low for both lifetime and annual citations.
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Nowrouzi B, McGregor L, McDougall A, Debassige D, Casole J, Nguyen C, Nowrouzi-Kia B, McGregor D. Ethics of Biological Sampling Research with Aboriginal Communities in Canada. Glob J Health Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The objective of this paper is to identify key ethical issues associated with biological sampling in Aboriginal populations in Canada and to recommend approaches that can be taken to address these issues.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Our work included the review of notable biological sampling cases and issues. We examined several significant cases (Nuu-chah-nult people of British Columbia, Hagahai peoples of Papua New Guinea and the Havasupai tribe of Arizona) on the inappropriate use of biological samples and secondary research in Aboriginal populations by researchers.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Considerations for biological sampling in Aboriginal communities with a focus on community-based participatory research involving Aboriginal communities and partners are discussed. Recommendations are provided on issues of researcher reflexivity, ethical considerations, establishing authentic research relationships, ownership of biological material and the use of community-based participatory research involving Aboriginal communities.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Despite specific guidelines for Aboriginal research, there remains a need for biological sampling protocols in Aboriginal communities. This will help protect Aboriginal communities from unethical use of their biological materials while advancing biomedical research that could improve health outcomes.</p>
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Nowrouzi B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Mintsopoulos V, McDougall A, Jordan G, Casole J, Lariviere M, Tremblay A. Lost-time illness, injury and disability and its
relationship with obesity in the workplace:
A comprehensive literature review. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016; 29:749-66. [DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nowrouzi B, Assan-Lebbe A, Sharma B, Casole J, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Spinal cord injury: a review of the most-cited publications. Eur Spine J 2016; 26:28-39. [PMID: 27329616 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to identify and review the most-cited articles on spinal cord injury (SCI). Citation analyses showcase the relative influence of individual articles in a given field. In addition to distinguishing publications of particular quality and impact and well-developed areas of the literature, citation analyses allow for an understanding of the direction in which a field of research is headed. METHODS A multi-disciplinary bibliographic index was used to identify the 50 SCI articles with the most lifetime citations, and the 50 SCI articles with the highest annual citation rates. Studies were categorized into one of six categories based on their primary focus: treatment, pathology/natural history, predictor of outcome, methods, epidemiology, or assessment measure. RESULTS We report that 40.0 and 56.0 % of SCI papers with the most lifetime citations and highest annual citation rates, respectively, were systematic reviews or meta-analyses, indicating that some of the most referenced papers in SCI are not primary publications. Further, there appears to be a greater international presence in SCI research. In the highest annual citation rate cohort, 14.0 % of papers were a product of international collaboration, 50.0 % were published by outside of the United States, and the average year of publication was 2005 ± 5.4; the comparable numbers for papers that comprised the highest lifetime citation cohort were, respectively, 8.0, 28.0 %, and 1998 ± 9.2. Treatment and pathology/natural history of SCI were a common research focus in both citation cohorts, consistent with ongoing efforts to better understand and manage this injury. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review provides a cross-sectional summary and bibliometric analysis of some of the most influential literature in SCI, and compliments existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field by establishing which areas of the literature are growing and which have been well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdin Nowrouzi
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C2, Canada.
| | - Aisha Assan-Lebbe
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Casole
- Loretto College, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Loretto College, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Nowrouzi B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Garbaczewska M, Chapovalov O, Myette-Côté É, Carter L. Facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises: a descriptive exploratory study in Ontario, Canada. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2016; 22:360-6. [PMID: 26971744 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1158591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this particular study was to test a newly created instrument in describing the facilitators and barriers to occupational health and safety in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ontario, Canada. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to identify the occupational health and safety culture of SMEs in public and private sectors in Ontario. RESULTS A total of 153 questionnaires were completed. The majority of respondents were female (84%) with a mean age of 49.8 years (SD 10.6). Seventy-four percent were supervisors. Seventy percent of respondents were from the private sector while 30% derived from the public sector including healthcare, community services, and non-profit organizations. Further, conducting regular external safety inspections of the workplace was found to be statistically associated with a safe work environment 2.88 95% CI [1.57, 5.27]. CONCLUSIONS Strategies and training opportunities that focus on how to adapt occupational health and safety legislation to the nature and diversity of SMEs are recommended. Furthermore, employers may use such information to improve safety in their SMEs, while researchers can hopefully use such evidence to develop interventions that are applicable to meeting the occupational health and safety needs of SMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorraine Carter
- a Laurentian University , Canada.,e Nipissing University , Canada
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16
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Jordan G, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi B. Erratum to "Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor For Lost-Time Injury In Registered Nurses: A Literature Review" [Saf Health Work 6 (1) (2015) 1-8]. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:157. [PMID: 26106519 PMCID: PMC4476189 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Jordan
- School of Occupational and Public Health and Safety, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Nowrouzi B, Jordan G, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Lost-Time Injury in Registered Nurses: A Literature Review. Can J Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Nowrouzi B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Garbaczewska M, Brewster K. An Examination of Scope, Completeness, Credibility, and Readability of Health, Medical, and Nutritional Information on the Internet: A Comparative Study of Wikipedia, WebMD, and the Mayo Clinic Websites. Can J Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Jordan G, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Gohar B, Nowrouzi B. Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Lost-time Injury in Registered Nurses: A Literature Review. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:1-8. [PMID: 25830063 PMCID: PMC4372183 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-loss injuries are still a major occurrence in Canada, injuring thousands of Canadian workers each year. With obesity rates on the rise across the country, as well as around the world, it is important that the possible effects of obesity in the workplace be fully understood, especially those effects linked to lost-time injuries. The aim of this paper was to evaluate predictors of workplace lost-time injuries and how they may be related to obesity or high body mass index by examining factors associated with lost-time injuries in the health care sector, a well-studied industry with the highest number of reported time loss injuries in Canada. A literature review focusing on lost-time injuries in Registered Nurses (RNs) was conducted using the keywords and terms: lost time injury, workers' compensation, occupational injury, workplace injury, injury, injuries, work, workplace, occupational, nurse, registered nurse, RN, health care, predictors, risk factors, risk, risks, cause, causes, obese, obesity, and body mass index. Data on predictors or factors associated with lost-time injuries in RNs were gathered and organized using Loisel's Work Disability Prevention Management Model and extrapolated upon using existing literature surrounding obesity in the Canadian workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Jordan
- School of Occupational and Public Health and Safety, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, McGeer A. External cues to action and influenza vaccination among post-graduate trainee physicians in Toronto, Canada. Vaccine 2014; 32:3830-4. [PMID: 24837775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding factors affecting trainee physician choices about vaccination may permit the design of more effective vaccination programmes. METHODS To identify factors associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination, an online questionnaire based on the health belief model was sent to trainee physicians registered at the post-graduate medical education office at the University of Toronto in September 2011. RESULTS 963 complete responses were received from 1884 trainee physicians (51%); 28 (2.9%) reported an allergy to vaccine components and were excluded from further analysis. Reported seasonal influenza vaccination rates in 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 69% (648/935), 75% (708/935) and 76% (703/935), respectively; 788 (84%) reported receiving the A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine. In multivariable analysis, number of years of post-graduate training (OR for 4+ versus 1-3 post-graduate years 2.2 (95% CL 1.3, 3.8)) was associated with receipt of the 2009 pandemic vaccine, as were four components of the health belief model: odds ratios were 4.7 (95% CL 3.0, 7.5) for perceived severity, 1.9 (95% CL 1.2, 2.9) for perceived benefits, .35 (95% CL .21, .59) for perceived barriers, and 5.8 (95% CLI 3.6, 9.1) for external cues to action. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated respondents reported that their decisions were significantly influenced by encouragement from their colleagues, families and employers. CONCLUSION Self-reported vaccination coverage among trainee physicians was high. External cues to action appear to be particularly important in trainee physician vaccination decisions: active institutional promotion may increase influenza vaccination rates in trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison McGeer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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