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Mancini M, Monaldi C, De Santis S, Papayannidis C, Rondoni M, Sartor C, Bruno S, Pagano L, Criscuolo M, Zanotti R, Bonifacio M, Tosi P, Arock M, Valent P, Cavo M, Soverini S. SETD2 non genomic loss of function in advanced systemic mastocytosis is mediated by an Aurora kinase A/MDM2 axis and can be therapeutically targeted. Biomark Res 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 36894973 PMCID: PMC9999558 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SETD2 tumor suppressor gene encodes a histone methyltransferase that safeguards transcription fidelity and genomic integrity via trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36Me3). SETD2 loss of function has been observed in solid and hematologic malignancies. We have recently reported that most patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) and some with indolent or smoldering SM display H3K36Me3 deficiency as a result of a reversible loss of SETD2 due to reduced protein stability. METHODS Experiments were conducted in SETD2-proficient (ROSAKIT D816V) and -deficient (HMC-1.2) cell lines and in primary cells from patients with various SM subtypes. A short interfering RNA approach was used to silence SETD2 (in ROSAKIT D816V cells), MDM2 and AURKA (in HMC-1.2 cells). Protein expression and post-translational modifications were assessed by WB and immunoblotting. Protein interactions were tested by using co-immunoprecipitation. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Drug cytotoxicity in in vitro experiments was evaluated by clonogenic assays. RESULTS Here, we show that the proteasome inhibitors suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in neoplastic mast cells by promoting SETD2/H3K36Me3 re-expression. Moreover, we found that Aurora kinase A and MDM2 are implicated in SETD2 loss of function in AdvSM. In line with this observation, direct or indirect targeting of Aurora kinase A with alisertib or volasertib induced reduction of clonogenic potential and apoptosis in human mast cell lines and primary neoplastic cells from patients with AdvSM. Efficacy of Aurora A or proteasome inhibitors was comparable to that of the KIT inhibitor avapritinib. Moreover, combination of alisertib (Aurora A inhibitor) or bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) with avapritinib allowed to use lower doses of each drug to achieve comparable cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our mechanistic insights into SETD2 non-genomic loss of function in AdvSM highlight the potential value of novel therapeutic targets and agents for the treatment of patients who fail or do not tolerate midostaurin or avapritinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Santis
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Sartor
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livio Pagano
- Divisione Di Ematologia Geriatrica Ed Emopatie Rare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Criscuolo
- Dipartimento Di Diagnostica Per Immagini, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Radioterapia Oncologica Ed Ematologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- Section of Hematology, Multidisciplinary Outpatients Clinics for Mastocytosis, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Section of Hematology, Multidisciplinary Outpatients Clinics for Mastocytosis, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre Et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Istituto Di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica E Sperimentale, Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Filik Y, Stefanzl G, Berger D, Sadovnik I, Bauer K, Smiljkovic D, Eisenwort G, Witzeneder N, Greiner G, Hoermann G, Schiefer AI, Schwaab J, Jawhar M, Reiter A, Sperr WR, Arock M, Valent P, Gleixner KV. CDK4/CDK6 Inhibitors Synergize with Midostaurin, Avapritinib, and Nintedanib in Inducing Growth Inhibition in KIT D816V+ Neoplastic Mast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133070. [PMID: 35804842 PMCID: PMC9264943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) is a rare malignant disease with a poor prognosis due to the drug resistance of neoplastic mast cells. We found that drugs targeting the cell cycle regulators CDK4 and CDK6 profoundly suppress the growth and survival of neoplastic mast cells. Furthermore, these drugs can overcome resistance against KIT D816V-targeting drugs, including midostaurin, in neoplastic mast cells. Finally, the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors applied induced apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− stem cells in AdvSM. Based on these results, we believe that CDK4/CDK6 inhibition may be a new and interesting therapeutic approach with curative potential for AdvSM. Whether combinations of KIT D816-targeting drugs and CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors can induce long-term remission in patients with AdvSM remains to be determined in clinical trials. Abstract In most patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM), neoplastic mast cells (MC) express KIT D816V. However, despite their disease-modifying potential, KIT D816V-targeting drugs, including midostaurin and avapritinib, may not produce long-term remissions in all patients. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and CDK6 are promising targets in oncology. We found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of CDK4 and CDK6 results in growth arrest in the KIT D816V+ MC line HMC-1.2. The CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib suppressed the proliferation in primary neoplastic MC as well as in all HMC-1 and ROSA cell subclones that were examined. Abemaciclib was also found to block growth in the drug-resistant MC line MCPV-1, whereas no effects were seen with palbociclib and ribociclib. Anti-proliferative drug effects on MC were accompanied by cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors were found to synergize with the KIT-targeting drugs midostaurin, avapritinib, and nintedanib in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in neoplastic MCs. Finally, we found that CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− stem cells in AdvSM. Together, CDK4/CDK6 inhibition is a potent approach to suppress the growth of neoplastic cells in AdvSM. Whether CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors can improve clinical outcomes in patients with AdvSM remains to be determined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schneeweiss-Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yüksel Filik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Georg Greiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories Vienna, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.S.); (M.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.S.); (M.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.S.); (M.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.-G.); (Y.F.); (I.S.); (K.B.); (D.S.); (G.E.); (N.W.); (G.G.); (G.H.); (W.R.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-52820; Fax: +43-1-40400-40300
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3
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Combined Inhibition of Polo-Like Kinase-1 and Wee1 as a New Therapeutic Strategy to Induce Apoptotic Cell Death in Neoplastic Mast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030738. [PMID: 35159005 PMCID: PMC8833529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is due to the pathologic accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or more extracutaneous organ(s). Although midostaurin, a multikinase inhibitor active against both wild-type and D816V-mutated KIT, improves organ damage and symptoms, a proportion of patients relapse or have resistant disease. It is well known that Aurora kinase A (AKA) over-expression promotes tumorigenesis, but its role in the pathogenesis of systemic mastocytosis (SM) has not yet been investigated. Evidence from the literature suggests that AKA may confer cancer cell chemo-resistance, inhibit p53, and enhance Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), CDK1, and cyclin B1 to promote cell cycle progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathogenetic role of AKA and Plk1 in the advanced forms of SM. We demonstrate here, for the first time, that SM cell lines display hyper-phosphorylated AKA and Plk1. Danusertib (Aurora kinase inhibitor) and volasertib (Plk1 inhibitor) inhibited growth and induced apoptotic cell death in HMC-1.1 and -1.2 cells. Their growth-inhibitory effects were associated with cell cycle arrest and the activation of apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was associated with increased levels of phospho-Wee1. Wee1 inhibition by MK1775 after 24 h treatment with danusertib or volasertib, when cells were arrested in G2 phase and Wee1, was overexpressed and hyper-activated, resulting in a significantly higher rate of apoptosis than that obtained from concomitant treatment with danusertib or volasertib + MK1775 for 48 h. In conclusion, Plk1 and AKA, alone or together with Wee1, are attractive therapeutic targets in neoplastic MCs. Repurposing Plk1 or AKA ± Wee1 inhibitors in advanced clinical development for other indications is a therapeutic strategy worthy of being explored, in order to improve the outcome of patients with advanced SM.
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4
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Gamperl S, Stefanzl G, Peter B, Smiljkovic D, Bauer K, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. Effects of ibrutinib on proliferation and histamine release in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:553-561. [PMID: 31286638 PMCID: PMC6900099 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in the treatment of human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Recent data have shown that ibrutinib also blocks IgE-dependent activation and histamine release in human basophils (BAs) and mast cells (MCs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether BTK serves as a novel therapeutic target in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). We evaluated the effects of ibrutinib on two canine MC lines, C2 and NI-1 and on primary MCs obtained from canine MCTs (n = 3). Using flow cytometry, we found that ibrutinib suppresses phosphorylation of BTK and of downstream STAT5 in both MC lines. In addition, ibrutinib decreased proliferation of neoplastic MCs, with IC50 values ranging between 0.1 and 1 μM in primary MCT cells and between 1 and 3 μM in C2 and NI-1 cells. In C2 cells, the combination "ibrutinib + midostaurin" produced synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. At higher concentrations, ibrutinib also induced apoptosis in both MC lines. Finally, ibrutinib was found to suppress IgE-dependent histamine release in primary MCT cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 μM in NI-1 cells, and from 0.05 to 1 μM in primary MCT cells. In summary, ibrutinib exerts anti-proliferative effects in canine neoplastic MCs and counteracts IgE-dependent histamine release in these cells. Based on our data, ibrutinib may be considered as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT. The value of BTK inhibition in canine MCT patients remains to be elucidated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Schneeweiss M, Peter B, Bibi S, Eisenwort G, Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Jawhar M, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Herndlhofer S, Greiner G, Hoermann G, Hadzijusufovic E, Gleixner KV, Bettelheim P, Geissler K, Sperr WR, Reiter A, Arock M, Valent P. The KIT and PDGFRA switch-control inhibitor DCC-2618 blocks growth and survival of multiple neoplastic cell types in advanced mastocytosis. Haematologica 2018; 103:799-809. [PMID: 29439183 PMCID: PMC5927976 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.179895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis is a complex disease defined by abnormal growth and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various organs. Most patients exhibit a D816V-mutated variant of KIT, which confers resistance against imatinib. Clinical problems in systemic mastocytosis arise from mediator-related symptoms and/or organ destruction caused by malignant expansion of neoplastic mast cells and/or other myeloid cells in various organ systems. DCC-2618 is a spectrum-selective pan KIT and PDGFRA inhibitor which blocks KIT D816V and multiple other kinase targets relevant to systemic mastocytosis. We found that DCC-2618 inhibits the proliferation and survival of various human mast cell lines (HMC-1, ROSA, MCPV-1) as well as primary neoplastic mast cells obtained from patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (IC50 <1 μM). Moreover, DCC-2618 decreased growth and survival of primary neoplastic eosinophils obtained from patients with systemic mastocytosis or eosinophilic leukemia, leukemic monocytes obtained from patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with or without concomitant systemic mastocytosis, and blast cells obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, DCC-2618 was found to suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting additional drug effects on systemic mastocytosis-related angiogenesis. Finally, DCC-2618 was found to downregulate IgE-mediated histamine release from basophils and tryptase release from mast cells. Together, DCC-2618 inhibits growth, survival and activation of multiple cell types relevant to advanced systemic mastocytosis. Whether DCC-2618 is effective in vivo in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis is currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schneeweiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siham Bibi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquee, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Geissler
- Fifth Medical Department, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquee, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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6
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Wilhelm T, Bick F, Peters K, Mohta V, Tirosh B, Patterson JB, Kharabi-Masouleh B, Huber M. Infliction of proteotoxic stresses by impairment of the unfolded protein response or proteasomal inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for mast cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2984-3000. [PMID: 29423023 PMCID: PMC5790440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensity and duration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress converts the unfolded protein response (UPR) from an adaptive into a terminal response. The first regulates homeostasis, the latter triggers apoptosis. Cells that rapidly proliferate and possess developed secretory capabilities, such as leukemia cells, depend on an efficiently operating UPR to maintain proteostasis. Activation of terminal UPR by either blockade of adaptive UPR or exaggeration of ER stress has been explored as a novel approach in cancer therapy. For mast cell leukemia (MCL) the efficacy of both approaches, by utilizing the KITV560G,D816V-positive MCL cell line HMC-1.2, was investigated. We show that HMC-1.2 cells display a tonic activation of the IRE1α arm of the UPR, which constitutively generates spliced XBP1. Inhibition of IRE1α by different types of inhibitors (MKC-8866, STF-083010, and KIRA6) suppressed proliferation at concentrations needed for blockade of IRE1α-mediated XBP1 splicing. At higher concentrations, these inhibitors triggered an apoptotic response. Blocking the proteasome by bortezomib, which confers an exaggerated UPR, resulted in a marked cytotoxic response. Bortezomib treatment also caused activation of the kinase JNK, which played a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic role. Hence, the combination of bortezomib with a JNK inhibitor synergized to induce cell death. In summary, the UPR can be addressed as an effective therapeutic target against KITD816V-positive MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Bick
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Peters
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vrinda Mohta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Behzad Kharabi-Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Peter B, Bibi S, Eisenwort G, Wingelhofer B, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Blatt K, Herrmann H, Hadzijusufovic E, Hoermann G, Hoffmann T, Schwaab J, Jawhar M, Willmann M, Sperr WR, Zuber J, Sotlar K, Horny HP, Moriggl R, Reiter A, Arock M, Valent P. Drug-induced inhibition of phosphorylation of STAT5 overrides drug resistance in neoplastic mast cells. Leukemia 2017; 32:1016-1022. [PMID: 29249817 PMCID: PMC6037300 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a mast cell (MC) neoplasm with complex pathology and a variable clinical course. In aggressive SM (ASM) and MC leukemia (MCL) responses to conventional drugs are poor and the prognosis is dismal. R763 is a multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Aurora-kinase-A/B, ABL1, AKT and FLT3. We examined the effects of R763 on proliferation and survival of neoplastic MC. R763 produced dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in the human MC lines HMC-1.1 (IC50 5-50 nM), HMC-1.2 (IC50 1-10 nM), ROSAKIT WT (IC50 1-10 nM), ROSAKIT D816V (IC50 50-500 nM) and MCPV-1.1 (IC50 100-1000 nM). Moreover, R763 induced growth inhibition in primary neoplastic MC in patients with ASM and MCL. Growth-inhibitory effects of R763 were accompanied by signs of apoptosis and a G2/M cell cycle arrest. R763 also inhibited phosphorylation of KIT, BTK, AKT and STAT5 in neoplastic MC. The most sensitive target appeared to be STAT5. In fact, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 was inhibited by R763 at 10 nM. At this low concentration, R763 produced synergistic growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic MC when combined with midostaurin or dasatinib. Together, R763 is a novel promising multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks STAT5 activation and thereby overrides drug-resistance in neoplastic MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Bibi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - G Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
| | - T Hoffmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Willmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - K Sotlar
- University Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - R Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, Cachan, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Keller A, Wingelhofer B, Peter B, Bauer K, Berger D, Gamperl S, Reifinger M, Cerny-Reiterer S, Moriggl R, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. The JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in canine mastocytoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:55-68. [PMID: 28397975 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytoma are frequently diagnosed cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. In non-resectable mastocytoma patients, novel targeted drugs are often applied. The transcription factor STAT5 has been implicated in the survival of human neoplastic mast cells (MC). Our study evaluated the JAK2/STAT5 pathway as a novel target in canine mastocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed inhibitors of JAK2 (R763, TG101348, AZD1480, ruxolitinib) and STAT5 (pimozide, piceatannol) and evaluated their effects on 2 mastocytoma cell lines, C2 and NI-1. RESULTS Activated JAK2 and STAT5 were detected in both cell lines. The drugs applied were found to inhibit proliferation and survival in these cells with the following rank-order of potency: R763 > TG101348 > AZD1480 > pimozide > ruxolitinib > piceatannol. Moreover, synergistic anti-neoplastic effects were obtained by combining pimozide with KIT-targeting drugs (toceranib, masitinib, nilotinib, midostaurin) in NI-1 cells. CONCLUSION The JAK2/STAT5 pathway is a novel potential target of therapy in canine mastocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Reifinger
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Clinic, Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Clinic, Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Molderings GJ, Haenisch B, Brettner S, Homann J, Menzen M, Dumoulin FL, Panse J, Butterfield J, Afrin LB. Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:671-94. [PMID: 27132234 PMCID: PMC4903110 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MCs and, in aggressive forms, from organ failure related to MC infiltration. In most cases, treatment of MCAD is directed primarily at controlling the symptoms associated with MC mediator release. In advanced forms, such as aggressive SM and MCL, agents targeting MC proliferation such as kinase inhibitors may be provided. Targeted therapies aimed at blocking mutant protein variants and/or downstream signaling pathways are currently being developed. Other targets, such as specific surface antigens expressed on neoplastic MCs, might be considered for the development of future therapies. Since clinicians are often underprepared to evaluate, diagnose, and effectively treat this clinically heterogeneous disease, we seek to familiarize clinicians with MCAD and review current and future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard J Molderings
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Britta Haenisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Brettner
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Kreiskrankenhaus Waldbröl, Waldbröl, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homann
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Menzen
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franz Ludwig Dumoulin
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joseph Butterfield
- Program for the Study of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Disorders, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lawrence B Afrin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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10
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Identification of bromodomain-containing protein-4 as a novel marker and epigenetic target in mast cell leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:2230-7. [PMID: 26055303 PMCID: PMC4610040 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a life-threatening neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled growth and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in various organs and a poor survival. So far, no curative treatment concept has been developed for these patients. We identified the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein-4 (BRD4) as novel drug target in aggressive SM (ASM) and MC leukemia (MCL). As assessed by immunohistochemistry and PCR, neoplastic MCs expressed substantial amounts of BRD4 in ASM and MCL. The human MCL lines HMC-1 and ROSA also expressed BRD4, and their proliferation was blocked by a BRD4-specific short hairpin RNA. Correspondingly, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 induced dose-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis in HMC-1 and ROSA cells, regardless of the presence or absence of KIT D816V. In addition, JQ1 suppressed the proliferation of primary neoplastic MCs obtained from patients with ASM or MCL (IC50: 100-500 nm). In drug combination experiments, midostaurin (PKC412) and all-trans retinoic acid were found to cooperate with JQ1 in producing synergistic effects on survival in HMC-1 and ROSA cells. Taken together, we have identified BRD4 as a promising drug target in advanced SM. Whether JQ1 or other BET-bromodomain inhibitors are effective in vivo in patients with advanced SM remains to be elucidated.
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11
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Valent P, Berger J, Cerny-Reiterer S, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Hoermann G, Müllauer L, Mannhalter C, Steurer M, Bettelheim P, Horny HP, Arock M. Chronic mast cell leukemia (MCL) with KIT S476I: a rare entity defined by leukemic expansion of mature mast cells and absence of organ damage. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:223-31. [PMID: 25209843 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare, life-threatening malignancy defined by a substantial increase in neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in bone marrow (BM) smears, drug-resistance, and a poor prognosis. In most patients, the survival time is less than 1 year. However, exceptional cases may present with a less malignant course. We report on a 49-year-old female patient with MCL diagnosed in 2013. In February 2013, first symptoms, including flushing, headache, and diarrhea, were recorded. In addition, mild anemia was detected. The disease was characterized by a massive increase in well-granulated, mature, and often spindle-shaped MCs (80 %) in BM smears. The serum tryptase level amounted to 332 ng/mL. Like in most other MCL patients, no skin lesions were detected. However, unlike in other patients, tryptase levels remained stable, and no other signs or symptoms of MCL-induced organ damage were found. Sequencing studies revealed an isolated S476I point mutation in KIT but no mutation in codon 816. The patient received histamine receptor blockers but refused cytoreductive therapy. After 9 months, still no progression or organ damage was detected. However, progression with transformation to acute MCL occurred after 12 months. We propose that the chronic type of MCL with stable conditions, absence of organ damage, and a mature MC morphology is recognized as a distinct entity that should be distinguished from the acute variant of MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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12
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Wang X, Simon R. Identification of potential synthetic lethal genes to p53 using a computational biology approach. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:30. [PMID: 24025726 PMCID: PMC3847148 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genes that are synthetic lethal to p53 is an important strategy for anticancer therapy as p53 mutations have been reported to occur in more than half of all human cancer cases. Although genome-wide RNAi screening is an effective approach to finding synthetic lethal genes, it is costly and labor-intensive. METHODS To illustrate this approach, we identified potentially druggable genes synthetically lethal for p53 using three microarray datasets for gene expression profiles of the NCI-60 cancer cell lines, one next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, and one gene expression data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project. We selected the genes which encoded kinases and had significantly higher expression in the tumors with functional p53 mutations (somatic mutations) than in the tumors without functional p53 mutations as the candidates of druggable synthetic lethal genes for p53. We identified important regulatory networks and functional categories pertinent to these genes, and performed an extensive survey of literature to find experimental evidence that support the synthetic lethality relationships between the genes identified and p53. We also examined the drug sensitivity difference between NCI-60 cell lines with functional p53 mutations and NCI-60 cell lines without functional p53 mutations for the compounds that target the kinases encoded by the genes identified. RESULTS Our results indicated that some of the candidate genes we identified had been experimentally verified to be synthetic lethal for p53 and promising targets for anticancer therapy while some other genes were putative targets for development of cancer therapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that pre-screening of potential synthetic lethal genes using gene expression profiles is a promising approach for improving the efficiency of synthetic lethal RNAi screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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13
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Herrmann H, Blatt K, Shi J, Gleixner KV, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müllauer L, Vakoc CR, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Bradner JE, Zuber J, Valent P. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD4 as a new potent approach to eliminate leukemic stem- and progenitor cells in acute myeloid leukemia AML. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1588-99. [PMID: 23249862 PMCID: PMC3681497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening stem cell disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of myeloblasts. Using an advanced RNAi screen-approach in an AML mouse model we have recently identified the epigenetic ‘reader’ BRD4 as a promising target in AML. In the current study, we asked whether inhibition of BRD4 by a small-molecule inhibitor, JQ1, leads to growth-inhibition and apoptosis in primary human AML stem- and progenitor cells. Primary cell samples were obtained from 37 patients with freshly diagnosed AML (n=23) or refractory AML (n=14). BRD4 was found to be expressed at the mRNA and protein level in unfractionated AML cells as well as in highly enriched CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all patients examined. In unfractionated leukemic cells, submicromolar concentrations of JQ1 induced major growth-inhibitory effects (IC50 0.05-0.5 μM) in most samples, including cells derived from relapsed or refractory patients. In addition, JQ1 was found to induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all donors examined as evidenced by combined surface/Annexin-V staining. Moreover, we were able to show that JQ1 synergizes with ARA-C in inducing growth inhibition in AML cells. Together, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 exerts major anti-leukemic effects in a broad range of human AML subtypes, including relapsed and refractory patients and all relevant stem- and progenitor cell compartments, including CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ AML cells. These results characterize BRD4-inhibition as a promising new therapeutic approach in AML which should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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