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Hordijk S, Carter T, Bierings R. A new look at an old body: molecular determinants of Weibel-Palade body composition and von Willebrand factor exocytosis. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1290-1303. [PMID: 38307391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells, forming a monolayer along blood vessels, intricately regulate vascular hemostasis, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. A key determinant of these functions is the controlled secretion of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), which are specialized endothelial storage organelles housing a presynthesized pool of the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor and various other hemostatic, inflammatory, angiogenic, and vasoactive mediators. This review delves into recent mechanistic insights into WPB biology, including the biogenesis that results in their unique morphology, the acquisition of intraluminal vesicles and other cargo, and the contribution of proton pumps to organelle acidification. Additionally, in light of a number of proteomic approaches to unravel the regulatory networks that control WPB formation and secretion, we provide a comprehensive overview of the WPB exocytotic machinery, including their molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hordijk
- Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. https://twitter.com/SophieHordijk
| | - Tom Carter
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Webbers SD, Aarts CE, Klein B, Koops D, Geissler J, Tool AT, van Bruggen R, van den Akker E, Kuijpers TW. Reduced myeloid commitment and increased uptake by macrophages of stem cell-derived HPS2 neutrophils. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302263. [PMID: 38238087 PMCID: PMC10796564 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the AP3B1 gene, encoding the β3A subunit of the adapter protein complex 3. This results in mis-sorting of proteins within the cell. A clinical feature of HPS2 is severe neutropenia. Current HPS2 animal models do not recapitulate the human disease. Hence, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of an HPS2 patient to study granulopoiesis. Development into CD15POS cells was reduced, but HPS2-derived CD15POS cells differentiated into segmented CD11b+CD16hi neutrophils. These HPS2 neutrophils phenocopied their circulating counterparts showing increased CD63 expression, impaired degranulation capacity, and intact NADPH oxidase activity. Most noticeable was the decrease in neutrophil yield during the final days of HPS2 iPSC cultures. Although neutrophil viability was normal, CD15NEG macrophages were readily phagocytosing neutrophils, contributing to the limited neutrophil output in HPS2. In this iPSC model, HPS2 neutrophil development is affected by a slower rate of development and by macrophage-mediated clearance during neutrophil maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ds Webbers
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijn Em Aarts
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Klein
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dané Koops
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy Geissler
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton Tj Tool
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- https://ror.org/01fm2fv39 Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Mutations in Neurobeachin-like 2 do not impact Weibel-Palade body biogenesis and von Willebrand factor secretion in gray platelet syndrome Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100086. [PMID: 36923710 PMCID: PMC10009729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with gray platelet syndrome (GPS) and Neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2) deficiency produce platelets lacking alpha-granules (AGs) and present with lifelong bleeding symptoms. AGs are lysosome-related organelles and store the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the transmembrane protein P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are lysosome-related organelles of endothelial cells and also store VWF and P-selectin. In megakaryocytes, NBEAL2 links P-selectin on AGs to the SNARE protein SEC22B on the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing premature release of cargo from AG precursors. In endothelial cells, SEC22B drives VWF trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and promotes the formation of elongated WPBs, but it is unclear whether this requires NBEAL2. Objectives To investigate a potential role for NBEAL2 in WPB biogenesis and VWF secretion using NBEAL2-deficient endothelial cells. Methods The interaction of SEC22B with NBEAL2 in endothelial cells was investigated by interatomic mass spectrometry and pull-down analysis. Endothelial colony forming cells were isolated from healthy controls and 3 unrelated patients with GPS and mutations in NBEAL2. Results We showed that SEC22B binds to NBEAL2 in ECs. Endothelial colony forming cells derived from a patient with GPS are deficient in NBEAL2 but reveal normal formation and maturation of WPBs and normal WPB cargo recruitment. Neither basal nor histamine-induced VWF secretion is altered in the absence of NBEAL2. Conclusions Although NBEAL2 deficiency causes the absence of AGs in patients with GPS, it does not impact WPB functionality in ECs. Our data highlight the differences in the regulatory mechanisms between these 2 hemostatic storage compartments.
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Kat M, Margadant C, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Dispatch and delivery at the ER-Golgi interface: how endothelial cells tune their hemostatic response. FEBS J 2022; 289:6863-6870. [PMID: 35246944 PMCID: PMC9790534 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a glycoprotein that is secreted into the circulation and controls bleeding by promoting adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets at sites of vascular injury. Substantial inter-individual variation in VWF plasma levels exists among the healthy population. Prior to secretion, VWF polymers are assembled and condensed into helical tubules, which are packaged into Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), a highly specialized post-Golgi storage compartment in vascular endothelial cells. In the inherited bleeding disorder Von Willebrand disease (VWD), mutations in the VWF gene can cause qualitative or quantitative defects, limiting protein function, secretion, or plasma survival. However, pathogenic VWF mutations cannot be found in all VWD cases. Although an increasing number of genetic modifiers have been identified, even more rare genetic variants that impact VWF plasma levels likely remain to be discovered. Here, we summarize recent evidence that modulation of the early secretory pathway has great impact on the biogenesis and release of WPBs. Based on these findings, we propose that rare, as yet unidentified quantitative trait loci influencing intracellular VWF transport contribute to highly variable VWF levels in the population. These may underlie the thrombotic complications linked to high VWF levels, as well as the bleeding tendency in individuals with low VWF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Kat
- Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Coert Margadant
- Angiogenesis laboratoryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam University Medical Center location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands,Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Hematology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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5
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Larocque G, Royle SJ. Integrating intracellular nanovesicles into integrin trafficking pathways and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:335. [PMID: 35657500 PMCID: PMC9166830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane traffic controls the movement of proteins and lipids from one cellular compartment to another using a system of transport vesicles. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are a newly described class of transport vesicles. These vesicles are small, carry diverse cargo, and are involved in multiple trafficking steps including anterograde traffic and endosomal recycling. An example of a biological process that they control is cell migration and invasion, due to their role in integrin recycling. In this review, we describe what is known so far about these vesicles. We discuss how INVs may integrate into established membrane trafficking pathways using integrin recycling as an example. We speculate where in the cell INVs have the potential to operate and we identify key questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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6
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Cnossen MH, van Moort I, Reitsma SH, de Maat MPM, Schutgens REG, Urbanus RT, Lingsma HF, Mathot RAA, Gouw SC, Meijer K, Bredenoord AL, van der Graaf R, Fijnvandraat K, Meijer AB, van den Akker E, Bierings R, Eikenboom JCJ, van den Biggelaar M, de Haas M, Voorberg J, Leebeek FWG. SYMPHONY consortium: Orchestrating personalized treatment for patients with bleeding disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:S1538-7836(22)02096-7. [PMID: 35652368 PMCID: PMC9545335 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment choices for individual patients with an inborn bleeding disorder are increasingly challenging due to increasing options and rising costs for society. We have initiated an integrated interdisciplinary national research programme. OBJECTIVES The SYMPHONY consortium strives to orchestrate personalized treatment in patients with an inborn bleeding disorder, by unravelling the mechanisms behind inter-individual variations of bleeding phenotype. PATIENTS The SYMPHONY consortium will investigate patients with an inborn bleeding disorder, both diagnosed and not yet diagnosed. RESULTS Research questions are categorized under the themes: 1) Diagnosis; 2) Treatment; and 3) Fundamental research and consist of workpackages addressing specific domains. Importantly, collaborations between patients and talented researchers from different areas of expertise promise to augment the impact of the SYMPHONY consortium, leading to unique interactions and intellectual property. CONCLUSIONS SYMPHONY will perform research on all aspects of care, treatment individualization in patients with inborn bleeding disorders as well as diagnostic innovations and results of molecular genetics and cellular model technology with regard to the hemostatic process. We believe that these research investments will lead to health care innovations with long-term clinical and societal impact. This consortium has been made possible by a governmental, competitive grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the NWA-ORC Call grant agreement NWA.1160.18.038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjon H. Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Iris van Moort
- Department of HematologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Simone H. Reitsma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Moniek P. M. de Maat
- Department of HematologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Roger E. G. Schutgens
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Rolf T. Urbanus
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hester F. Lingsma
- Department of Public HealthErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ron A. A. Mathot
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy‐Clinical PharmacologyAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Samantha C. Gouw
- Department of Pediatric HematologyEmma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Karina Meijer
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Rieke van der Graaf
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareDepartment of Medical HumanitiesUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Karin Fijnvandraat
- Department of Pediatric HematologyEmma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Molecular HematologyAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Alexander B. Meijer
- Sanquin Research, Department of Molecular HematologyAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Sanquin Research, Department of HematopoiesisAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of HematologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. J. Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Sanquin Research, Department of Molecular HematologyAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services and Center for Clinical Transfusion ResearchAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of HematologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Sanquin Research, Department of Molecular HematologyAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Frank W. G. Leebeek
- Department of HematologyErasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
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7
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Francis CR, Kushner EJ. Trafficking in blood vessel development. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:291-305. [PMID: 35449244 PMCID: PMC9249721 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels demonstrate a multitude of complex signaling programs that work in concert to produce functional vasculature networks during development. A known, but less widely studied, area of endothelial cell regulation is vesicular trafficking, also termed sorting. After moving through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are shuttled to organelles, plugged into membranes, recycled, or degraded depending on the internal and extrinsic cues. A snapshot of these protein-sorting systems can be viewed as a trafficking signature that is not only unique to endothelial tissue, but critically important for blood vessel form and function. In this review, we will cover how vesicular trafficking impacts various aspects of angiogenesis, such as sprouting, lumen formation, vessel stabilization, and secretion, emphasizing the role of Rab GTPase family members and their various effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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8
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Li W, Hao CJ, Hao ZH, Ma J, Wang QC, Yuan YF, Gong JJ, Chen YY, Yu JY, Wei AH. New insights into the pathogenesis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:290-302. [PMID: 35129281 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by defects of multiple tissue-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs), typically manifesting with oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism, bleeding tendency, and in some cases with pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease or immunodeficiency, neuropsychological disorders. Eleven HPS subtypes in humans and at least 15 subtypes in mice have been molecularly identified. Current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPS is focusing on the defective biogenesis of LROs. Compelling evidences have shown that HPS protein-associated complexes (HPACs) function in cargo transport, cargo recycling, and cargo removal to maintain LRO homeostasis. Further investigation on the molecular and cellular mechanism of LRO biogenesis and secretion will be helpful for better understanding of its pathogenesis and for the precise intervention of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chan-Juan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Chu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan-Juan Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Naß J, Terglane J, Gerke V. Weibel Palade Bodies: Unique Secretory Organelles of Endothelial Cells that Control Blood Vessel Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:813995. [PMID: 34977047 PMCID: PMC8717947 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.813995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells produce and release compounds regulating vascular tone, blood vessel growth and differentiation, plasma composition, coagulation and fibrinolysis, and also engage in interactions with blood cells thereby controlling hemostasis and acute inflammatory reactions. These interactions have to be tightly regulated to guarantee smooth blood flow in normal physiology, but also allow specific and often local responses to blood vessel injury and infectious or inflammatory insults. To cope with these challenges, endothelial cells have the remarkable capability of rapidly changing their surface properties from non-adhesive (supporting unrestricted blood flow) to adhesive (capturing circulating blood cells). This is brought about by the evoked secretion of major adhesion receptors for platelets (von-Willebrand factor, VWF) and leukocytes (P-selectin) which are stored in a ready-to-be-used form in specialized secretory granules, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). WPB are unique, lysosome related organelles that form at the trans-Golgi network and further mature by receiving material from the endolysosomal system. Failure to produce correctly matured VWF and release it through regulated WPB exocytosis results in pathologies, most importantly von-Willebrand disease, the most common inherited blood clotting disorder. The biogenesis of WPB, their intracellular motility and their fusion with the plasma membrane are regulated by a complex interplay of proteins and lipids, involving Rab proteins and their effectors, cytoskeletal components as well as membrane tethering and fusion machineries. This review will discuss aspects of WPB biogenesis, trafficking and exocytosis focussing on recent findings describing factors contributing to WPB maturation, WPB-actin interactions and WPB-plasma membrane tethering and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Naß
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julian Terglane
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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10
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GDP/GTP exchange factor MADD drives activation and recruitment of secretory Rab GTPases to Weibel-Palade bodies. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5116-5127. [PMID: 34551092 PMCID: PMC9153003 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an essential hemostatic protein that is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells and stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). The secretory Rab GTPases Rab27A, Rab3B, and Rab3D have been linked with WPB trafficking and secretion. How these Rabs are activated and recruited to WPBs remains elusive. In this study, we identified MAP kinase-activating death domain (MADD) as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab27A and both Rab3 isoforms in primary human endothelial cells. Rab activity assays revealed a reduction in Rab27A, Rab3B, and Rab3D activation upon MADD silencing. Rab activation, but not binding, was dependent on the differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells (DENN) domain of MADD, indicating the potential existence of 2 Rab interaction modules. Furthermore, immunofluorescent analysis showed that Rab27A, Rab3B, and Rab3D recruitment to WPBs was dramatically decreased upon MADD knockdown, revealing that MADD drives Rab membrane targeting. Artificial mistargeting of MADD using a TOMM70 tag abolished Rab27A localization to WPB membranes in a DENN domain-dependent manner, indicating that normal MADD localization in the cytosol is crucial. Activation of Rab3B and Rab3D was reduced upon Rab27A silencing, suggesting that activation of these Rabs is enhanced through previous activation of Rab27A by MADD. MADD silencing did not affect WPB morphology, but it did reduce VWF intracellular content. Furthermore, MADD-depleted cells exhibited decreased histamine-evoked VWF release, similar to Rab27A-depleted cells. In conclusion, MADD acts as a master regulator of VWF secretion by coordinating the activation and membrane targeting of secretory Rabs to WPBs.
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11
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Aarts CEM, Karampini E, Wüst T, Webbers S, Varga E, Geissler J, Voorberg J, von Lindern M, Bierings R, van den Akker E, Kuijpers TW. Generation and characterization of a control and patient-derived human iPSC line containing the Hermansky Pudlak type 2 (HPS2) associated heterozygous compound mutation in AP3B1. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102444. [PMID: 34182253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) obtained from a healthy donor and from a patient diagnosed with Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 2 (HPS2), caused by compound heterozygous AP3B1 mutations (c.177delA and c.1839-1842delTAGA). BOECs were reprogrammed with a hOKSM self-silencing polycistronic lentiviral vector, where the generated iPSCs showed normal karyotype, expression of pluripotency associated markers and in vitro spontaneous differentiation towards the three germ layers. The generated iPSCs can be used to study HPS2 pathophysiology and the basic functions of AP3B1 protein in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijn E M Aarts
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellie Karampini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Wüst
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Varga
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Geissler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruben Bierings
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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The Novel Regulatory Role of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5526179. [PMID: 33953791 PMCID: PMC8067776 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5526179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons, causing muscle atrophy, bulbar palsy, and pyramidal tract signs. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of ALS have not been elucidated to date. In this study, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed by analyzing the expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were matched by 7 ALS samples and 4 control samples, and then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the genes related to ALS. Gene Ontology (GO) was used to study the potential functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the ceRNA network. For the ALS and control groups, 247177 potential lncRNA-mRNA ceRNA relationship pairs were screened. Analysis of significant relationship pairs demonstrated that the PPI modules formed by the MALAT1-regulated SYNRG, ITSN2, PICALM, AP3B1, and AAK1 genes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of ALS, and these results may help to characterize the pathogenesis of ALS.
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14
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Karampini E, Bürgisser PE, Olins J, Mulder AA, Jost CR, Geerts D, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Sec22b determines Weibel-Palade body length by controlling anterograde ER-Golgi transport. Haematologica 2021; 106:1138-1147. [PMID: 32336681 PMCID: PMC8018124 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.242727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric hemostatic protein that is synthesized in endothelial cells, where it is stored for secretion in elongated secretory organelles called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). The hemostatic activity of VWF is strongly related to the length of these bodies, but how endothelial cells control the dimensions of their WPB is unclear. In this study, using a targeted short hairpin RNA screen, we identified longin-SNARE Sec22b as a novel determinant of WPB size and VWF trafficking. We found that Sec22b depletion resulted in loss of the typically elongated WPB morphology together with disintegration of the Golgi and dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. This was accompanied by reduced proteolytic processing of VWF, accumulation of VWF in the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and reduced basal and stimulated VWF secretion. Our data demonstrate that the elongation of WPB, and thus adhesive activity of their cargo VWF, is determined by the rate of anterograde transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, which depends on Sec22b-containing SNARE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Dept. of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Olins
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Dept. of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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16
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Nguyen TTN, Koerdt SN, Gerke V. Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate promotes Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/11/e202000788. [PMID: 32826291 PMCID: PMC7442956 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate transiently accumulates at sites of Weibel–Palade body–plasma membrane fusion and promotes agonist-evoked exocytosis of endothelial von-Willebrand factor. Weibel–Palade bodies (WPB) are specialized secretory organelles of endothelial cells that control vascular hemostasis by regulated, Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of the coagulation-promoting von-Willebrand factor. Some proteins of the WPB docking and fusion machinery have been identified but a role of membrane lipids in regulated WPB exocytosis has so far remained elusive. We show here that the plasma membrane phospholipid composition affects Ca2+-dependent WPB exocytosis and von-Willebrand factor release. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] becomes enriched at WPB–plasma membrane contact sites at the time of fusion, most likely downstream of phospholipase D1-mediated production of phosphatidic acid (PA) that activates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) 5-kinase γ. Depletion of plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 or down-regulation of PI4P 5-kinase γ interferes with histamine-evoked and Ca2+-dependent WPB exocytosis and a mutant PI4P 5-kinase γ incapable of binding PA affects WPB exocytosis in a dominant-negative manner. This indicates that a unique PI(4,5)P2-rich environment in the plasma membrane governs WPB fusion possibly by providing interaction sites for WPB-associated docking factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia N Koerdt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Karampini E, Bierings R, Voorberg J. Orchestration of Primary Hemostasis by Platelet and Endothelial Lysosome-Related Organelles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1441-1453. [PMID: 32375545 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte-derived platelets and endothelial cells store their hemostatic cargo in α- and δ-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies, respectively. These storage granules belong to the lysosome-related organelles (LROs), a heterogeneous group of organelles that are rapidly released following agonist-induced triggering of intracellular signaling pathways. Following vascular injury, endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies release their content into the vascular lumen and promote the formation of long VWF (von Willebrand factor) strings that form an adhesive platform for platelets. Binding to VWF strings as well as exposed subendothelial collagen activates platelets resulting in the release of α- and δ-granules, which are crucial events in formation of a primary hemostatic plug. Biogenesis and secretion of these LROs are pivotal for the maintenance of proper hemostasis. Several bleeding disorders have been linked to abnormal generation of LROs in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. Recent reviews have emphasized common pathways in the biogenesis and biological properties of LROs, focusing mainly on melanosomes. Despite many similarities, LROs in platelet and endothelial cells clearly possess distinct properties that allow them to provide a highly coordinated and synergistic contribution to primary hemostasis by sequentially releasing hemostatic cargo. In this brief review, we discuss in depth the known regulators of α- and δ-granules in megakaryocytes/platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells, starting from transcription factors that have been associated with granule formation to protein complexes that promote granule maturation. In addition, we provide a detailed view on the interplay between platelet and endothelial LROs in controlling hemostasis as well as their dysfunction in LRO related bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.)
| | - Jan Voorberg
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Schillemans M, Kat M, Westeneng J, Gangaev A, Hofman M, Nota B, van Alphen FPJ, de Boer M, van den Biggelaar M, Margadant C, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Alternative trafficking of Weibel-Palade body proteins in CRISPR/Cas9-engineered von Willebrand factor-deficient blood outgrowth endothelial cells. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:718-732. [PMID: 31624792 PMCID: PMC6782018 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthesis of the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) drives formation of endothelial storage organelles called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). In the absence of VWF, angiogenic and inflammatory mediators that are costored in WPBs are subject to alternative trafficking routes. In patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), partial or complete absence of VWF/WPBs may lead to additional bleeding complications, such as angiodysplasia. Studies addressing the role of VWF using VWD patient-derived blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) have reported conflicting results due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of patient-derived BOECs. OBJECTIVE To generate a VWF-deficient endothelial cell model using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome engineering of blood outgrowth endothelial cells. METHODS We used CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 editing in single-donor cord blood-derived BOECs (cbBOECs) to generate clonal VWF -/- cbBOECs. Clones were selected using high-throughput screening, VWF mutations were validated by sequencing, and cells were phenotypically characterized. RESULTS Two VWF -/- BOEC clones were obtained and were entirely devoid of WPBs, while their overall cell morphology was unaltered. Several WPB proteins, including CD63, syntaxin-3 and the cargo proteins angiopoietin (Ang)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 showed alternative trafficking and secretion in the absence of VWF. Interestingly, Ang-2 was relocated to the cell periphery and colocalized with Tie-2. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR editing of VWF provides a robust method to create VWF- deficient BOECs that can be directly compared to their wild-type counterparts. Results obtained with our model system confirmed alternative trafficking of several WPB proteins in the absence of VWF and support the theory that increased Ang-2/Tie-2 interaction contributes to angiogenic abnormalities in VWD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schillemans
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marije Kat
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Westeneng
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Menno Hofman
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. van Alphen
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martin de Boer
- Blood Cell ResearchSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Coert Margadant
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- HematologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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19
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WPBs: making a mark and leaving a trail. Blood 2019; 134:909-910. [PMID: 31537537 PMCID: PMC8270482 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Holthenrich et al used a proximity labeling approach to pull, from out of the crowded intracellular milieu, proteins that specifically interact with Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). From the resulting catalog of proteins, the authors identified Munc13-2 as a novel WPB-associated SNARE-interacting protein that positively regulates hormone-evoked WPB exocytosis.1
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Interaction networks of Weibel-Palade body regulators syntaxin-3 and syntaxin binding protein 5 in endothelial cells. J Proteomics 2019; 205:103417. [PMID: 31201948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium stores the hemostatic protein Von Willebrand factor (VWF) in endothelial storage organelles called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). During maturation, WPBs recruit a complex of Rab GTPases and effectors that associate with components of the SNARE machinery that control WPB exocytosis. Recent genome wide association studies have found links between genetic variations in the SNAREs syntaxin-2 (STX2) and syntaxin binding protein 5 (STXBP5) and VWF plasma levels, suggesting a role for SNARE proteins in regulating VWF release. Moreover, we have previously identified the SNARE proteins syntaxin-3 and STXBP1 as regulators of WPB release. In this study we used an unbiased iterative interactomic approach to identify new components of the WPB exocytotic machinery. An interactome screen of syntaxin-3 identifies a number of SNAREs and SNARE associated proteins (STXBP2, STXBP5, SNAP23, NAPA and NSF). We show that the VAMP-like domain (VLD) of STXBP5 is indispensable for the interaction with SNARE proteins and this capacity of the VLD could be exploited to identify an extended set of novel endothelial SNARE interactors of STXBP5. In addition, an STXBP5 variant with an N436S substitution, which is linked to lower VWF plasma levels, does not show a difference in interactome when compared with WT STXBP5. SIGNIFICANCE: The hemostatic protein Von Willebrand factor plays a pivotal role in vascular health: quantitative or qualitative deficiencies of VWF can lead to bleeding, while elevated levels of VWF are associated with increased risk of thrombosis. Tight regulation of VWF secretion from WPBs is therefore essential to maintain vascular homeostasis. We used an unbiased proteomic screen to identify new components of the regulatory machinery that controls WPB exocytosis. Our data expand the endothelial SNARE protein network and provide a set of novel candidate WPB regulators that may contribute to regulation of VWF plasma levels and vascular health.
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Abstract
Protein coats are supramolecular complexes that assemble on the cytosolic face of membranes to promote cargo sorting and transport carrier formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Several types of protein coats have been described, including COPI, COPII, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, AP-4, AP-5, and retromer, which operate at different stages of the endomembrane system. Defects in these coats impair specific transport pathways, compromising the function and viability of the cells. In humans, mutations in subunits of these coats cause various congenital diseases that are collectively referred to as coatopathies. In this article, we review the fundamental properties of protein coats and the diseases that result from mutation of their constituent subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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Lysosome-related organelles as functional adaptations of the endolysosomal system. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:147-158. [PMID: 31234051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unique functions of specialised cells such as those of the immune and haemostasis systems, skin, blood vessels, lung, and bone require specialised compartments, collectively referred to as lysosome-related organelles (LROs), that share features of endosomes and lysosomes. LROs harbour unique morphological features and cell type-specific contents, and most if not all undergo regulated secretion for diverse functions. Ongoing research, largely driven by analyses of inherited diseases and their model systems, is unravelling the mechanisms involved in LRO generation, maturation, transport and secretion. A molecular understanding of these features will provide targets and markers that can be exploited for diagnosis and therapy of a myriad of diseases.
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